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Russian
00:00:02
Perhaps the most daunting, and frustrating
aspect of the universe is that it’s truly00:00:06
enormous.00:00:08
Even in our own galaxy, the distances to the
nearest stars seems quite frankly insane.00:00:14
If you were to head out at speeds we can manage
with our technology now, even with tiny microprobes00:00:19
fitted with laser driven light sails, it’s
going to be decades before you can get to00:00:24
Alpha Centauri, and if we were to send humans
on that journey with all of our supplies,00:00:29
equipment and human accouterments it could
take centuries and require a generational00:00:34
ship where several successive generations
are born, live and die on the ship.00:00:41
This might require nothing less than a hollowed
out asteroid city to realistically do it.00:00:46
This might not be such a problem for some
humans, before the modern age it was possible00:00:51
to be born, live and die in a single village
without ever leaving its immediate environs.00:00:57
An asteroid is not so different as long as
it has enough to keep a suitable human occupied00:01:03
and happy.00:01:04
But if you get someone born on such a ship,
stuck there, that wants more, such as seeing00:01:10
Earth, then you end up with ethical and practical
problems.00:01:15
Generational ships in this way could become
nightmare societies that must restrict information00:01:19
very carefully to prevent wanderlust and pining
for earth.00:01:23
Indeed, most of the inhabitants might not
even know of earth on purpose once the generation00:01:29
that truly knew it died off.00:01:32
This is not ideal, and indeed humans often
infer or hear of things that are not intended00:01:37
by the powers that be, opening the way for
civil strife and disobedience and unpleasantness00:01:42
in the sealed environment of a hollowed out
asteroid.00:01:46
Not good, better not let Chuck with his crazy
ideas about the utopian world outside the00:01:51
asteroid get hold of the airlock controls.00:01:54
But think for a moment on future technology,
and how this projection could dramatically00:01:59
change.00:02:00
One game changer here would be life extension.00:02:02
We see our existence through the lens of our
lifespan, the average still being below a00:02:07
century.00:02:08
But we are also making inroads in understanding
the aging process, and it’s within the realm00:02:13
of possibility that future humans might live
significantly longer than we do now.00:02:18
Indeed, if Aubrey de Grey is right, there
are people walking around right now that may00:02:23
catch a wave of anti-aging technology and
then end up living for centuries in the sense00:02:29
that if you catch a development that takes
you to 150 years, then that buys time for00:02:33
more discoveries that may then take you to
500 years and so on.00:02:38
But there are limits, no matter what you do
you can’t extend biological life as we know00:02:42
it indefinitely.00:02:44
You will always lose the odds at some point
and get vaporized while trying to fix the00:02:48
oven on the generational asteroid ship, even
as protected as you might be as opposed to00:02:54
the risk laden existence here on earth.00:02:57
But the point here is that if you live for
5000 years, a few centuries spent on a non-generational00:03:02
ship might just be something that some are
willing to do.00:03:06
We live on a planet where most people don’t
climb Mount Everest, but a certain type of00:03:11
personality does.00:03:13
Space is little different from that in the
adventurer's eye.00:03:16
The I'm going to do it first spirit, or conquer
it because it is there.00:03:22
Indeed, Mars colonization will depend on this,
should the plan of SpaceX see fruition.00:03:27
There will be takers, no matter how harsh
the living conditions of a fledgling Mars00:03:31
colony is guaranteed to be.00:03:33
So if you change the time equation and ignore
our current human concerns of our lifespan,00:03:38
the game changes.00:03:39
Especially if you can determine that there’s
somewhere to actually go, which we already00:03:44
know that there might be at proxima centauri.00:03:47
It may be a world worse than Mars, and probably
is, but we know there are planets there.00:03:54
The first seeds of something we may someday
set foot on, done by a 5000 year old human00:03:59
that’s seen it all, who sees it as might
as well be the first to see a truly alien00:04:05
world.00:04:06
In this scenario, Chuck’s got nothing to
lose, he’ll step off the asteroid one way00:04:10
or another.00:04:11
But this is merely the nearest star system.00:04:14
For humans to spread beyond that, we have
three choices.00:04:18
Number 1.00:04:19
Do it biologically, as we are, albeit with
much longer lifespans.00:04:24
Number 2.00:04:25
Do it sem-biologically with a more intense
fusion of our biology and technology and 300:04:31
do it robotically with an AI.00:04:33
Interestingly, within the latter comes an
odd possibility, of not faster than light00:04:38
travel, but easy speed of light travel.00:04:41
More on that in a bit.00:04:43
Before we proceed, here it must be noted that
any of these factors are very likely to also00:04:47
affect alien civilizations.00:04:48
They are going to be beholden to the same
rules, the laws of physics, that we are.00:04:54
So at some stage in their development, they
are going to go through this should they wish00:04:58
to truly explore space beyond their star system.00:05:02
It’s possible that no one deems this worth
it, and never does, a solution to the Fermi00:05:06
Paradox in its own right, but let’s say
they do and we will as well some day.00:05:12
So number 1, do it biologically.00:05:14
This is a situation where we’ve spread to
Alpha Centauri and set up a colony there equal00:05:19
to earth.00:05:20
This provides two chances for humans to press
further, because the closest stars to Alpha00:05:25
Centauri are going to be somewhat different
in choice than that of the sun.00:05:29
But there’s also the possibility that Earth
might start colonizing other nearby stars.00:05:34
So this starts a potentially exponential spread
of humans into the galaxy as other ships are00:05:39
sent out to colonize other stars.00:05:41
This snowballs, the more star systems you
colonize.00:05:44
In a few million years, you may have a presence,
at fully non-relativistic speeds, in every00:05:50
suitable star system in the galaxy so long
as you don’t run into anyone else that’s00:05:56
already there.00:05:57
It would be very sad indeed if Chuck, after
all his interstellar troubles, finds that00:06:01
his dream planet is already inhabited and
he’s denied entry by the aliens for similar00:06:06
reasons to why cruise ships upon disembarkation
make you discard any potentially disease ridden00:06:12
produce you may have come into possession
of.00:06:15
No Chuck, but the ship’s AI computer may
visit the surface.00:06:20
Number 2 is the merging of biology with technology.00:06:23
Here we leave poor Chuck spending his remaining
days in orbit of a planet he’s not allowed00:06:27
to visit, missing the AI he needs to get back
to earth because it’s run off and began00:06:32
a new life on the surface.00:06:34
Introduce our second space traveler, Gwen,
who has decided that the most viable solution00:06:40
to all human existential crises and questions
is to become a cyborg.00:06:45
The problem with longevity in biology is that
we’re confined to our brains.00:06:49
Here, merely making a copy of yourself on
a computer doesn’t quite cut it.00:06:54
You aren’t that emulation.00:06:56
You don’t translate your actual conscious
being into that computer.00:06:59
But with a cyborg, that might be possible.00:07:03
Translation of course is the key question
here, but there may be a way.00:07:07
If you start out biological, and then you
start getting cyborg augmentation, such as00:07:11
hip replacement surgery, and then it goes
further until you’re replacing every neuron00:07:16
of the brain very gradually with technology
that can assume the functions of the former00:07:21
neuron, you may even be able to do it so gradually
that you don’t notice a difference.00:07:26
Eventually, you’re still you, or as close
to that as you can get, but partly or eventually00:07:32
entirely cybernetic.00:07:33
If that’s the case, you might be able to
translate yourself to a computer and make00:07:37
a backup, though it’s still unclear even
then that you’d just be making a copy instead00:07:43
of actually downloading you into a new body,
but there may be ways to do that in such a00:07:49
changed paradigm such as incorporating yourself
into an ever augmenting and growing main brain00:07:55
where you are the source, but capable of disseminating
yourself with copies you receive data from.00:08:01
You become we in this case, instead of individuals.00:08:05
You are the borg.00:08:06
That aside, at least here you may have a shot
at far greater longevity than biology can00:08:12
provide.00:08:13
Here Gwen becomes greater than original Gwen,
even though it’s still just Gwen when you00:08:18
get right down to it.00:08:19
Here intergalactic travel and colonization
by Gwen comes onto the table.00:08:24
If she lives indefinitely, say 100 million
years, then comfortable sub-light travel to00:08:29
other nearby galaxies isn’t as big of a
deal as it would be for someone that lives00:08:33
less than a hundred years.00:08:35
But here the lines get blurred, what was once
biological that has converted to being a machine00:08:41
is a bit different than a machine that’s
always been one.00:08:45
This is where AI comes onto the table, and
it has one advantage of the biological or00:08:50
formerly biological, so long as it can maintain
its existence, it doesn’t care about the00:08:57
passage of time.00:08:58
And this is where everything gets interesting,
because most of the observable universe comes00:09:03
onto the table as explorable.00:09:06
At slow speeds, this is limited partly by
the expansion of the universe, a machine going00:09:10
very long distances will have to deal with
that.00:09:14
But there is a wildcard, which is time dilation.00:09:17
All three options are subject to this, but
it requires that you do not care about remaining00:09:21
in the time you started because no matter
what you do, traveling at high relativistic00:09:26
speeds will deposit you into the far future
from where you started in time.00:09:32
But if you don’t care about that, then game
on for exploring a large portion of the universe.00:09:37
Here you go at high relativistic speeds, so
long as you can develop the technology to00:09:42
do so, and figure out some way of mitigating
matter hitting your ship at relativistic speeds.00:09:48
If you can achieve this, enormous swathes
of the observable universe come into play.00:09:54
Millions of galaxies are now within your reach,
again so long as you don’t care about time.00:09:59
Gwen, or an intelligent machine may not.00:10:03
Even aliens may not, only humans might have
some connection to their own time, but even00:10:08
then not all.00:10:10
There will be those willing to travel to the
far future if given the chance, even if they00:10:14
can’t return to their own time.00:10:16
But that’s not the only way.00:10:19
There are ways consistent with relativity
to travel at faster than light speeds.00:10:23
This is the famous Alcubierre warp drive concept,
advanced by Miguel Alcubierre.00:10:29
You can see an interview I did with Dr. Alcubierre
on Event Horizon, link in the description00:10:33
below.00:10:34
The idea here is to isolate a piece of space
time and get it to move faster than light,00:10:39
carrying your ship along like riding in a
car.00:10:42
It’s the car that’s doing high speed on
the highway, not you directly, you are just00:10:46
along for the ride.00:10:49
This idea is consistent with relativity, but
fraught with all sorts of issues that may00:10:53
or may not be surmountable including whenever
you go FTL, you have also built a time machine00:10:59
that could come with paradoxes, the fact that
the drive still requires enormous amounts00:11:04
of energy to create, and there also being
no clear way how to slow it down and bring00:11:10
it out of warp, also the radiation environment
within the warp bubble and so on.00:11:15
And most tellingly perhaps, we do not see
alien starships coming out of warp in an Alcubierre00:11:21
style drive, since the radiation coming off
such a thing, if directed at your planet,00:11:27
would cause a mass extinction.00:11:29
On the other hand, for a type III galaxy spanning
machine civilization, they might be able to00:11:33
solve those problems.00:11:35
Perhaps there simply aren’t any yet, and
the future will be full of warping machines.00:11:41
But there are other ways to envision travel.00:11:43
If you’re dealing with the copy scenario
where you send out copies of yourself that00:11:47
become you once again once you receive their
data set, then the idea of speed of light00:11:51
beaming comes into play, but not quite in
the sense of star trek.00:11:56
Here you set up a network of 3d printer probes
over the course of millions of years at sub00:12:01
light speeds, designed specifically to send
the data of creating you at the speed of light00:12:07
through electromagnetic radiation to reconstruct
a copy of you on site.00:12:12
As data is collected by this digital clone,
it’s sent back at the speed of light.00:12:16
It may take a very long time to receive and
integrate that information, but in this universe,00:12:22
time is the one thing we have in abundance.00:12:24
Maybe the future means working on very long
time scales, and if you’re willing to do00:12:29
that, then most of the problems of interstellar,
and even intergalactic travel are solved simply00:12:34
with enough time and patience, and above all
persistence.00:12:38
But I leave you with one last thought.00:12:41
If it proves impractical to ever explore intergalactic
space, even though the laws of physics don’t00:12:47
prohibit it, then there is one other possibility.00:12:50
We don’t understand the creation of universes,
we don’t know how that happens.00:12:55
But if it proves possible to figure that out,
and understand all of the rules, it may be00:13:00
in principle possible to create universes
artificially.00:13:04
This is very far future stuff, usually envisioned
as something civilizations at the end of time00:13:09
would only try to do, but say they did.00:13:13
In their time, the universe would be so expanded
that intergalactic travel would very likely00:13:17
be truly impossible, if you even know other
galaxies exist.00:13:22
So creating and escaping to a new universe
entirely changes everything, there you don’t00:13:27
need other galaxies, you just need other universes.00:13:30
A strange proposition indeed, functionally
trapped in your galaxy, but not in your universe.00:13:38
Thanks for listening!00:13:39
I am futurist and science fiction author John
Michael Godier currently uncertain about creating00:13:43
new universes when this one is cashed.00:13:46
To make a new one, we’d finally know what
its geometry is and it turns out it’s turtle00:13:50
shaped.00:13:51
So you ask the scientist at the end of the
universe if all universes are like that, and00:13:55
then he says it’s turtles all the way down.00:13:58
And that’s the last statement ever said
in the universe while we escape to a new one.00:14:03
Huh, anyway be sure to check out my books
at your favorite online book retailer and00:14:06
subscribe to my channels for regular, in-depth
explorations into the interesting, weird and00:14:10
unknown aspects of this amazing universe in
which we live.Description:
An exploration of the question of whether we, and for that matter aliens, are trapped in the Milky Way. My Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/johnmichaelgodier My Event Horizon Channel: https://www.youtube.com/eventhorizonshow The Miguel Alcubierre interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JafY92PhgKU Music: Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: https://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/ Cylinder Eight by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: https://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
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