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Channel: Aleksandr Shevchenko

manejo

integrado

fogo

no

parque

nacional

da

serra

canastra

20202021

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The Serra da Canastra National Park is

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historically affected by large

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fires at the height of the dry season, which

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has caused countless impacts on its

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fauna and flora. Tens of thousands of

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hectares can be burned in a few

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days

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and, in an attempt to change and follow

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new methodologies used

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worldwide the management of the Park has been

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adopting the so-called integrated

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fire management and

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[Applause]

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integrated fire management, right,

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knowing the tamarin is a strategy

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that encompasses several techniques, right? And to

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think about fire management, it is used

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nowadays by managers of

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protected areas and there is a community from

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all over the world and in Brazil we have been

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using it in the last decade to

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manage conservation units,

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it was like a

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toolbox for me, inside we have

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different techniques, right, strategies to

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think about how to prevent fires, how to

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manage environments, include

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prescribed burns, which are controlled systems,

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fuel control, include

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firefighting, include environmental education,

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include integration with the

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surrounding community, right, because one of

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Olive's premises is that we combine

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scientific knowledge with knowledge

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technicians and

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traditional knowledge of fire management that the

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communities in a given region have, right

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? Because if Serra da Canastra

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we have a relationship between units that

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are a little bit old, they have been using

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fire for hundreds of years to

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different objectives and we are bringing

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this, we were going to manage the

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conservation unit, right, but mainly

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projection of the body here in Canastra, every

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fire must be fought and also

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ways to prevent

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forest fires and one of the ways is

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related to management integrated fire management

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and integrated management, one of the ways to

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prevent the exercise is through

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prescribed burning, which has a

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very important ecological role in the cerrado and

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in fair measure it allows the

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revitalization and continuity of the

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ecosystem itself when we carry out these

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burnings

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and it is important that we

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monitor not only the

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soil conditions but also the regrowth, flowering, this

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flowering that attracts insects that

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then enable

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uniform pollination of the area that was burned, with

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this also the attraction of fauna and all

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this precise floristic and

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faunal recomposition be monitored

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needs to be methodologically studied

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so that we can be sure that

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we are developing the best to

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receive glasses the objectives of

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integrated management forms areas not to depend too much

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on each area, that's me here in the

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specific case Serra da Canastra National Park

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we have several objectives in

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our planning for integrated management

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of the body between them, right? We have

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fire prevention, and this happens

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through prescribed burning,

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Hi, and the reduction of fuel. So,

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that area where we burn

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previously will not be available, right? there wo

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n't be enough fuel to have a

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fire at the critical time. Another

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objective would be to contain a big

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fire that happens, it was a

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big fire, it could come across

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an area that has already been burned. And then it won't

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progress, so it reduces the size of the fire.

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area that was hit by a fire is

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also an objective, even the protection of

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what we call

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conservation targets, right, they are our

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sensitive areas, they are ours there without, which are

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the nesting sites of some

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species, such as four

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Mergulhão, a species very emblematic

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here we also aim to

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recover some areas that have been

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hit by intense fires

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over the years, so for example a

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forest which is a sensitive area that we

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will never burn for an

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office there, right we have to

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protect of fires how do

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we do this so we who

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around the forest when it is humid

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Face fire it does not enter the forest and

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protect it from fires that may

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occur in the future when we plan

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a burning in writing we want that

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the fire affects the vegetation at a

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lower intensity, right And at a time when

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the damage caused by the Fire to the vegetation is

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minimal, right, that in fact the fire brings

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benefits instead of damage and this

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happens in a rainy season, right, so

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we need the soil to still there is

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moisture retained that the vegetation has

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moisture that the air is humid that the

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temperature is not so intense

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here in the Serra da Canastra part, right,

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we do these burnings from more or less the

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end of January to mid-April

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depending on the year right There are years when the

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rain System is too much, we have it

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ends earlier, it is a period of the year in

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which we carry out burning during this

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rainy period between the middle of January and

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more or less half of April in

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relation to the day of

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and it will depend on but it depends on the area

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I'm choosing, it depends on the

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amount of dry fuel there is

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in that area, right, but generally speaking,

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we choose the day when the humidity

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is above 60 percent and the

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temperature is already below 26 and 27

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degrees and convent of a maximum of 10 or 12

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km per hour, the wind direction will

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depend on each area as well, but because of

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these conditions and these

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meteorological parameters that we ended

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because we realized that in this

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environment that we work in, right?

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Clean fields with humidity below sixty

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percent, for example, the fire is already

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very intense and with a very strong fire that

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even if it is done at a humid time of

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year, it is a fire that can cause

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a greater taxi than our interest, right?

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interest is always the

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preservation of the area so it's a day

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when the Home's humidity is above 60,

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temperature of 25 and 26 degrees,

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event one because there has to be a little

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wind, it can't stay still either, otherwise

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the fire won't start, what we talk about right, it would be

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an ideal parameter for this, the choice

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of areas to be burned is based on

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several criteria, right, firstly,

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we monitor throughout the

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year the areas that are affected by

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the fire, both burial fires, other

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lightning fires and also the areas that

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we burned in previous years,

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through the use of satellite images,

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we have this map of the area that

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was affected by the park in recent

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years, it is based on this and with the support of

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another tool called the

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accumulation map. fuel, which is also the

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map based on satellite images, right,

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with specific sensors that show

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us the amount of dry grass and

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wet vegetation that each area has,

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we do, right, this behind this

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plan for burning the areas, right, so the

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We'll use these two

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monitoring tools and the Av map

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and we'll see which area has been

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without burning for the longest time, how long

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have you been in the area to be hit

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by fire, how here, burning that area

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can help with protection of a

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sensitive area like a forest and then we

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monitor this choice and I wanted it

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as if it were a puzzle in the park, right,

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the preparation starts in the morning, let's

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get up and prepare the material,

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pay attention to the weather, right,

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weather forecast keeping an eye on the weather will

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take into account that there is a

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natural barrier, such as a

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rocky wall, a road, something that we

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can use to our advantage, when arriving in the area

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to ignite, we will raise

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the parameters that the relative humidity of the

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air, direction and speed wind,

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atmospheric temperature, among other

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things, that depends a lot on

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sensitivity, you know, the two main pieces of

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equipment are not the Castro, but

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that meteorological station we will

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use to measure the parameters and after

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that the fire drip will come

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What is a container or we put

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a mixture of diesel and

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gasoline fuel there, there is the correct proportion for

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each one, each type of burning that will be

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done, the intention of burning and it

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literally drips fire until the mixture,

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here there is this turn which is for safety so

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as not to there is a danger of going back

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inside it so as not to have any accidents, this

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is where he has a sponge here in

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front of him, it stays for an hour, they work

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with him in this position where fuel will be

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dripping here, he heats up, it catches

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fire and it drips onto the vegetation, come on,

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people, generally the boss of the burning, it will

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be the one who makes the changes who distributes

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the functions

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and when we have, you know,

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prevention actions were carried out at the

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right time of year, we are sure

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that we will not have large

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fires that will affect large areas

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of the park right And when we have a

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big fire the whole team ends up

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working so it's not so much a

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field team versus the office team and

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it's an emergency situation, right? In a

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fire we work with the people who

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have this control so We

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have no control over this if we

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carry out the burning research at the

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right time of year, we are assured

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that our team will not need to be

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constantly exposed to

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intense combat, right? In the dry season of the year, then

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we will save our human resources,

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resources, equipment such as

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vehicles and expose people to fewer

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risks during these fights, we

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are exposed to the flame itself, it

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is emitted by fire, so the risk of

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burns, we are also exposed to

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dehydration due to the long

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distances that We always go through

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muscle poisoning, you know, encountering

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smoke that we breathe in during combat and

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other risks that are not so obvious

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but are also there in the environment, such as

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a sprained ankle when

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walking through the countryside, a bite from a

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venomous animal that It will be

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hidden there because it is often

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scared because of the fire. We

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fight fires at night, right? And then

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we run the risk of getting lost because of it.

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There are also many similar things here in

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Canastra. If I continue, the fires are always

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present, right? We minimize this risk

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with training and the use of

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appropriate equipment to carry out

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this type of activity is 20 we

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burned approximately 11 thousand details

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here in the regularized area of the

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Serra da Canastra National Park,

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mainly here in the

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Canastra plateau, which is the area open to visitation

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and more people come, right, and from these 11

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hectares, you know, in addition to having created an

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environment that we say is

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heterogeneous, that is, an environment in which

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we have areas with less fuel, right,

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accumulated areas with more

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accumulated fuel, and we wanted diversity

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landscape, we also had at

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least seven fires, right, they arrived in

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areas where we had already

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burned before, so there were seven fires

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that were stopped by the fires,

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we make the team's work easier

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because we don't have to worry

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about everything the fire perimeter that doesn't even make

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sense, right? We know that when there is

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a prescribed burn in the area, part of this

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fire, one of the sides, will at least

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reach this area where we have already

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burned and will hold it back, right? So the

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management's assessment is that in 2020 the

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prescribed burns were a

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great success,

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the mission of the fires that could have

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become much larger, reached

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larger areas and more sensitive areas, but

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this did not happen because we had

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carried out more prescribed fires here before at the

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appropriate time of the year.

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Historic source of the São Francisco River, it had

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not been hit by fire since 2014,

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so in April 2020, this past year, it had

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been almost six years since there

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had been a fire in this region And then there is an

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accumulation of fuel, you know, of

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very large dry grass and This dry grass is the

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fuel for the big fires.

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So we have a great concern

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about the safety and health of the Nascente

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because I didn't understand.

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right, we carried it out in the

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middle of the opening of 2020, on the day when the

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humidity is ideal, the real-life temperature,

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the wind direction was ideal

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Hi, we carried out the burning, it reached

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around 200 hectares, including the

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area in the image here of São Francisco

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people visit was a burning that

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started late in the afternoon, right?

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Around 5 o'clock in the afternoon when

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we no longer had the heat from the sun

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so strong and it was another very technical one, it's

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because we wanted to keep it beyond the

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ecological functions of the area

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visiting area, so keeping the trees here

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on the side of the road beautiful for when

00:14:12

people visited, right, keeping the

00:14:14

bushes healthy, the burning was

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considered a success, right, the regrowth came

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at the right time in the right way and

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today we barely realize that this burning

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was carried out, we have a

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much greater apparent diversity of species

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than there was before, the species

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were smothered by this

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dry grass, even though there was okra in the region, we

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see an immense quality of flowers,

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right? And the species that flourished after the

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burns and we consider that the

00:14:45

spring is protected for some time

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at least, right? And that it will not be the

00:14:50

victim of a large fire that could

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damage the region again. Here

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we are in the area where we have a

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controlled burning meeting she feels

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that we did it in April 2020. with

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the fire that hit this region in

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November 2020, it is also one of the

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objectives of integrated fire management

00:15:08

here in Canastra is the containment of

00:15:10

large fires, right, in addition to preventing

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large fires by carrying out

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controlled burning and reducing that

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dry grass that is skipping areas, the burned area

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also serves to hold back, you know, to

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contain a fire that could reach

00:15:24

this region because when the fire

00:15:25

arrives in an area that has already been burned

00:15:28

previously, right by the management, it doesn't have

00:15:30

more than There is no fuel to burn

00:15:32

and it sometimes goes out on its own, so

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this happened here in this area.

00:15:36

Exactly that, right? We had

00:15:39

the cold and here was a fire in November

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that went out on its own in this area that

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we had already burned, we can

00:15:47

test it. right This burning that we did and

00:15:50

see if it met, right our objective

00:15:53

was an expectation of containing

00:15:55

large fires and besides the one thing that is more

00:15:58

obvious is that the saving of

00:16:00

financial resources because the fight is a big

00:16:03

fire it is very expensive right, it involves

00:16:05

writing thousands, hundreds of thousands

00:16:08

of reais in a few days, so I

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think this is the most obvious result of

00:16:12

admitting this service, but what

00:16:15

we also have is the results for the

00:16:18

environment, only the sensitive areas

00:16:20

within the Cerrado are the rats, they

00:16:24

were protected, right, they didn't have the

00:16:27

impact on the very intense fire that

00:16:29

hit it during the dry season and we

00:16:31

also have a result that is a little

00:16:34

more indirect but that we notice on a

00:16:36

daily basis that approaching the surroundings

00:16:39

the formation with the people who live here

00:16:41

in the region who are traditionally

00:16:43

occupants of the area and who have been

00:16:46

dealing with fire for hundreds of years, right?

00:16:54

that

00:16:57

using fire, right, because it hits fire it

00:16:59

prevents center and then it took a while for these

00:17:03

concepts to be absorbed by

00:17:06

environmental management but today it is and we see the

00:17:08

surrounding population feeling

00:17:11

valued with their knowledge,

00:17:13

feeling respected and seeing that the

00:17:18

results children need

00:17:20

meeting their desires,

00:17:21

their needs and preventing

00:17:24

fires is also a great integrated

00:17:26

fire. It came as almost a

00:17:27

revolution, right, in the way we

00:17:29

think about fire management, preservation is

00:17:33

the health of ecosystems,

00:17:36

relationships with the communities, you are

00:17:39

the storm like this in the management here at the

00:17:42

unit 1 year in 2020 was a year of

00:17:44

many challenges, right for everyone,

00:17:46

specifically in the planning of

00:17:48

integrated fire management, we already started

00:17:50

with a great challenge, which was a

00:17:52

very intense rainy season in 2020 so

00:17:56

we almost didn't have good days for

00:17:58

those who didn't rain every day for many

00:18:01

hours, the vegetation was wet, right,

00:18:03

we couldn't start a fire, we

00:18:05

had few windows that we

00:18:07

called, right, that this space of the day to

00:18:09

burn, which were possible to carry out the

00:18:11

burning then came the pandemic, you know,

00:18:14

covid-19 and we had to do our best

00:18:17

to learn how to work with

00:18:19

minimal teams and that we carry out our

00:18:22

work safely for the team and

00:18:26

safely for the environment But with

00:18:28

few people and even so we

00:18:31

managed to achieve the objectives, the

00:18:34

planned areas were burned and 2020

00:18:38

at the end of the temporal form

00:18:39

and now immediately for 2021 we

00:18:42

have extensive planning, you know, it comes

00:18:45

within the planning together with the

00:18:48

past years and some future years, it is a

00:18:50

medium planning deadline that we

00:18:52

have planning for approximately 12

00:18:54

hectares of area here in the

00:18:56

Canastra plateau to be managed with fire, right, to

00:18:58

be Burned, we hope that the

00:19:00

weather will help us with this, which I posted

00:19:03

in the appropriate windows of opportunity

00:19:06

for these burnings, we can

00:19:08

future perspective, right, improve the

00:19:10

work that we have already been carrying out

00:19:12

within the integrated management of Fire in

00:19:15

relation to prescribed burning, we

00:19:17

always think about refining these burning, right,

00:19:19

our initial objectives

00:19:22

were always very big goals,

00:19:24

thinking about the landscape and now we

00:19:28

think in objectives that are a little more

00:19:30

micro, like, right, thinking about protecting

00:19:34

small capões de Mata, small

00:19:36

populations of some species, right, but the

00:19:39

idea that the rule of fire continues, right, always in

00:19:42

managing fire here in the park because

00:19:45

it has been bringing good results not only

00:19:47

here like the whole world, so we

00:19:49

continue studying, continue learning

00:19:51

every day so that we have

00:19:56

increasingly successful and quality work

00:19:58

here at register

00:20:02

[Music]

00:20:12

What'sup

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[Music] What's

00:20:32

up

00:20:46

[Music]

00:20:56

[Applause ]

00:20:58

[Music]

00:21:02

What'sup What's

00:21:06

up What's

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up

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[Music]

Description:

O Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra é historicamente atingido por grandes incêndios no auge da estação seca, que vem causando inúmeros impactos a sua fauna e flora. Dezenas de milhares de hectares podem ser queimados em poucos dias. Na tentativa de mudança, e seguindo novas metodologias utilizadas mundialmente, a gestão do Parque - assim como o órgão gestor (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio) em outras diversas Unidades - vem adotando o chamado Manejo Integrado do Fogo (MIF). O curta-metragem traz em seu cerne os fundamentos do MIF e seu caráter socioambiental e transdisciplinar, com enfoque predominante nas ações preventivas de combate aos incêndios florestais executadas em 2020/2021.

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