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  • ruRussian
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00:00:02
[music]
00:00:05
[applause]
00:00:07
[music]
00:00:14
hello topic of the lesson solving problems on
00:00:18
topics atomic physics
00:00:21
quantum physics and physics of the atomic nucleus
00:00:28
Today in the lesson you will learn to apply the
00:00:31
Stefan-Boltzmann law to describe the
00:00:35
thermal radiation of a black
00:00:38
body,
00:00:39
use the Einstein equation for the
00:00:41
photoelectric effect, the wavelength formula de
00:00:45
broil and the formula for
00:00:47
radioactive decay when solving the
00:00:50
problem also calculate the binding energy of
00:00:54
the atomic nucleus specific binding energy when
00:00:59
solving problems we will solve the problem problem number
00:01:03
one conditions determine
00:01:06
the energy emitted in five minutes and a
00:01:09
viewing window with an area of ​​8 centimeters
00:01:13
square melting furnace considering it an
00:01:17
absolutely black body the temperature of the furnace
00:01:20
is 1000 kelvin the
00:01:24
Stefan-Boltzmann constant sigma
00:01:27
is 5 point 67 multiplied by ten
00:01:32
to the minus eighth power in from divided
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by the product of meter squared and
00:01:39
kelvin to the fourth power let's start
00:01:42
solving the problem
00:01:48
yes for t 5 minutes with 8 centimeters
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squared t
00:01:56
absolute temperature 1000 kelvin
00:01:59
sigma
00:02:00
we spelled it out in the statement of the problem, we
00:02:04
need to find the energy of the emitted
00:02:08
body, we use the system 75 minutes is 300
00:02:15
seconds and
00:02:16
with 8 10 meters squared this is 8 multiplied by
00:02:22
10 to the minus fourth power of meters
00:02:25
squared let
00:02:26
's proceed to solving the problem p with index
00:02:30
t that is, the energetic luminosity
00:02:33
is calculated according to the formula,
00:02:35
energy is divided by the product x
00:02:40
multiplied by t,
00:02:42
then also according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, it
00:02:44
is known that this is equal to the product of
00:02:48
sigma with t large to the fourth
00:02:51
power, we equate these formulas from
00:02:56
this relationship, we find what
00:03:00
the energy is equal to, it will be calculated using this
00:03:03
formula, we will substitute the value, we will perform
00:03:07
calculations we find that the energy
00:03:10
is 13000 608 joules we convert to
00:03:16
kilojoules the energy is 13.6 body
00:03:21
joules we write the answer to the problem the
00:03:24
energy is 13.6 kilojoules
00:03:30
the problem is solved problem number 2
00:03:36
determine the work function of the electron from the
00:03:40
surface of the photocathode
00:03:42
and the red boundary of the photoelectric effect if when the
00:03:47
photocell is irradiated with light frequency
00:03:51
1.66 degrees herz
00:03:55
photo current stops when the blocking
00:03:58
voltage is 4.1
00:04:00
volts, we write the condition of the problem y the
00:04:10
blocking voltage is 4.1 volts not 1.6
00:04:16
multiplied by 10 15 degrees hertz charge of the
00:04:20
electron is one integer 60th by 10 minus
00:04:23
19 steppe constant bar 6 point
00:04:27
626 thousandths multiplied by 10 minus the
00:04:30
thirty-fourth power jul
00:04:33
multiplied by a second we need to find
00:04:35
the work function and the red limit of the
00:04:38
photoelectric effect, that is, not the minimum, let's
00:04:43
start solving the problem, we know that
00:04:47
when locking, the voltage energy and
00:04:51
multiplied by z will be equal to the kinetic
00:04:56
energy m in square divided by two,
00:05:00
we also know the Einstein equation for
00:05:03
the photoelectric effect, instead of the kinetic energy,
00:05:07
we substitute
00:05:09
the product e y in the science set,
00:05:14
we get the following equation as much as e
00:05:18
multiplied by z plus the work function
00:05:22
from here the work function is equal to the difference between a
00:05:28
lot and the blocking voltage,
00:05:32
we also know that the red boundary
00:05:35
not y minimum this will be calculated
00:05:42
using the formula a of the output divided by the
00:05:45
plank constant
00:05:51
substituting the values ​​the formula for the work function we will
00:05:54
perform the calculations we will get that the
00:05:59
work function is approximately
00:06:02
4 times 10 minus 19 powers of
00:06:05
joules we will also calculate the red limit
00:06:10
we will substitute the values ​​we will perform the calculation
00:06:13
not y minimum is 6 times at
00:06:18
10 14 powers of hertz we write the answer to the problem, the
00:06:22
work function is approximately
00:06:25
4 times 10 minus 19 powers of
00:06:28
joules and not minimal, that is, the red
00:06:32
limit of the photoelectric effect is 6 times
00:06:35
10 14 powers of hertz solved the
00:06:42
third problem the electron
00:06:46
whose initial speed can be neglected
00:06:48
passed the accelerating potential difference
00:06:52
51 volt determine the de
00:06:57
Broglie wavelength the mass of the electron is 9.1 to 10 minus
00:07:02
31 degrees kilogram and the charge of the electron is
00:07:05
one integer 60's to 10 minus 19 degrees
00:07:09
coulomb we write the condition of the problem at 51 volts the
00:07:19
mass of the electron is nine point one
00:07:22
to 10 minus 31 degrees kilogram
00:07:25
charge electron 1.69 to that power
00:07:30
coulomb Planck's constant 6 point
00:07:33
626 thousandths times 10 minus 34 to the
00:07:38
power of joule per second we need to
00:07:41
find
00:07:42
lambda we can use the formula to
00:07:48
calculate the de Broglie wavelength
00:07:52
this is the ratio of Planck's constant to the
00:07:57
product of m times v
00:08:01
also we we know that multiply by y is equal to
00:08:06
m squared divide by two from this
00:08:11
ratio we will find what is equal to in
00:08:15
then we will substitute the values ​​in the first
00:08:18
formula and carry out the transformations
00:08:21
we will get that lambda will be equal to the ratio of the
00:08:25
constant plank by the square root
00:08:27
of 2 m multiplied by u we will
00:08:36
set aside the values ​​we will find what is the
00:08:39
de Broglie wavelength for an
00:08:42
electron Linda will be approximately
00:08:46
1.75 times 10 to the minus
00:08:51
tenth power of meters we also know
00:08:54
that 1 pica meter is 10 to the minus 12th
00:08:57
power of meters lambda will be
00:09:00
approximately one hundred seventy
00:09:02
two pica meters let's write down the answer to the problem the
00:09:06
de Broglie wavelength is
00:09:09
approximately
00:09:11
172 and k meters the problem is solved
00:09:18
the following problem 4
00:09:20
some radioactive isotope has a
00:09:24
half-life you what part of I der
00:09:28
decayed in time 3t
00:09:31
write yes at t equals 3 t large
00:09:38
that is, with three half-lives we
00:09:41
need to find delta n let's start
00:09:45
solving the problem delta n and that is, the
00:09:48
difference n is zero, that is, the
00:09:51
initial number of nuclei minus n
00:09:57
according to the law of radioactive decay
00:10:00
n is equal to n 0 multiplied by 2 to the power
00:10:05
minus t small divided by t
00:10:08
large that is, the half-life
00:10:14
we ​​will find the ratio ncr lion and also
00:10:19
substitute instead of t small three
00:10:24
half-lives the
00:10:26
half-life is reduced we
00:10:29
get that the ratio will be equal to 2 to the
00:10:34
power of minus 3 or this ratio
00:10:40
will be equal to 1 8 that is, n will be equal to 1
00:10:46
8 of the
00:10:48
original number leader from we
00:10:53
will assume that 0 is equal to one
00:10:57
then taking into account the fact that n and that is one
00:11:01
eighth and zero we substitute and
00:11:06
delta n will be equal to seven eighths
00:11:10
n 0 or the decimal fraction
00:11:14
it will be 0 point 875 thousandths and 0
00:11:20
we will write the answer to the problem
00:11:23
delta n is zero point
00:11:29
875 thousandths and 0
00:11:33
the problem is solved
00:11:37
we will solve fifth problem, calculate the specific
00:11:41
binding energy of nucleons in an iron nucleus with an
00:11:45
atomic mass of 56 and an ordinal number of 26,
00:11:51
we write down the condition of the problem:
00:11:57
iron with a mass number of 56 and an ordinal
00:12:01
number of 26 means a will be equal to 56 z 26
00:12:10
the mass of a proton is 1 point 728
00:12:19
hundred thousandths of an atomic mass unit the mass of a
00:12:22
neutron is 1 point 866
00:12:28
hundred thousandths of atomic mass units and the mass of the
00:12:32
iron nucleus is 55 point 90 3494
00:12:42
hundred thousandths of atomic mass units
00:12:45
find the specific binding energy let's
00:12:49
start solving the problem specific binding
00:12:52
energy is
00:12:53
equal to the ratio of the binding energy to the
00:12:56
mass number
00:13:01
we need to find the number of neutrons
00:13:04
n equals a minus z and it will be
00:13:11
30 neutrons the
00:13:15
binding energy is calculated by the formula
00:13:18
delta m multiplied by 931.5 mega
00:13:24
electron volts delta m is a mass defect
00:13:28
it is calculated using this formula let's
00:13:31
substitute the values ​​let's do the calculations
00:13:35
delta m defect most is approximately
00:13:38
zero point
00:13:42
514 thousandths of atomic mass units we will
00:13:47
further calculate with mom what is the
00:13:51
binding energy equal? ​​Let's substitute the values ​​Let's do
00:13:54
the calculations The binding energy
00:13:57
is approximately four hundred
00:14:00
seventy-eight point nine 1214
00:14:05
ten-thousandths mega electron-volts Let
00:14:08
's find the specific binding energy Let's substitute the
00:14:12
values ​​Let's also
00:14:14
do the calculation The specific energy
00:14:18
is 8 point fifty-five hundredths
00:14:23
mega electron-volts We'll write down the
00:14:28
answer problem the specific energy is 8
00:14:33
point fifty-five hundredths
00:14:35
mega electron-volts per slope, let's
00:14:39
summarize the lesson today in the lesson we learned
00:14:44
to apply the Stefan-Boltzmann law
00:14:46
to describe the thermal radiation of a
00:14:49
black body, use the
00:14:53
Einstein equation for the photoelectric effect, the
00:14:56
de Broglie wavelength formula and the formula for the
00:15:00
law of radioactive decay at
00:15:03
solving problems also calculate the
00:15:07
binding energy and specific binding energy of the atomic
00:15:12
nucleus when solving problems lesson is over
00:15:19
goodbye
00:15:23
[music]
00:15:26
[applause]
00:15:28
[music]

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Тема урока: Урок решения задач по темам: «Атомная физика». «Квантовая физика». «Физика атомного ядра» С понедельника по пятницу с 09:00-18:00 телевизионные уроки в эфире EL ARNA Запись телеуроков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDIwNJYcIQ77fZ7Tqrb5myYpNtQbhnA4p https://edu.elarna.kz/ru/tv-lessons

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