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гидрораспределитель

гидравлический распределитель

гидравлика

гидропривод

гидравлическая

схема

устройство

конструкция

работа

техника

наука

промышленность

00:00:02

principle of operation of a hydraulic

00:00:03

distributor, and in this video we

00:00:06

will look at the design of an industrial

00:00:08

distributor, we will analyze the work of 6 circuits of

00:00:11

hydraulic distributors and also

00:00:13

compare a real hydraulic distributor

00:00:16

and its designation on the hydraulic

00:00:18

diagram for the supply and removal of working

00:00:20

fluid in the distributor body

00:00:22

there are 4 channels and pressure supply

00:00:26

a and b cavities of a hydraulic motor, for example a

00:00:29

hydraulic cylinder, t drain into the tank, the

00:00:32

distributor has a 5-chamber

00:00:34

housing design, each if not

00:00:37

connected to the corresponding chamber,

00:00:39

except no, and it is connected to

00:00:42

two chambers at once in the distributor housing,

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a spool is placed, its configuration and

00:00:48

determines the channel switching scheme to

00:00:50

control the position of the spool

00:00:53

electromagnets can be used

00:00:54

mechanical pushers

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in the shown hydraulic

00:00:58

distributors manual control the handle

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moves, dragging along a rod

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connected by a spool the return of the spool

00:01:06

and the handle the neutral position is

00:01:08

carried out using a spring to

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fix the spool a mechanism with a spring-

00:01:13

loaded ball is used in the rod there is a

00:01:15

recess where the

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ball is pressed using a spring it holds the

00:01:21

spool in the installed position, a

00:01:22

small force on the handle allows you to

00:01:25

squeeze the ball out of the recess and

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install the spool in another position

00:01:32

in front of the distributor,

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other elements to control the

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flow of liquid can be installed, for example, a

00:01:38

safety or pressure reducing

00:01:40

valve, a hydraulic lock, the distributor shown is

00:01:43

conveniently placed on a hydraulic plate

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with channels through which

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liquid is supplied, let's consider the operation of a

00:01:52

two-position distributor 574

00:01:55

diagrams with manual control, the

00:01:57

spool of this distributor can

00:02:00

only have two positions;

00:02:02

such a distributor does not have intermediate positions;

00:02:04

therefore, it is used only in

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cases where there is no need to

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stop the movement of the piston with the rod

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in an intermediate position. To understand the

00:02:13

operation of the distributor in a hydraulic drive

00:02:15

and its designation on the hydra diagram, we

00:02:18

we will show the constructive and hydraulic

00:02:20

diagram of the distributor, they will allow you to better

00:02:23

understand how the real design

00:02:25

relates to the designation on the hydra

00:02:27

diagram in one position the spool connects the

00:02:30

line after it b a line t c line a in the

00:02:35

other line p c line a a line tez

00:02:39

lines bd or

00:02:40

if we describe the control hydraulic cylinders,

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then in one case the high

00:02:45

pressure line will be connected to the piston

00:02:47

completely, and in the other case the

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pressure line will be connected to the rod cavity of the

00:02:52

cylinder and the drain line will be connected to the piston,

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if there is a need to stop the

00:03:00

movement of the rod in an intermediate position,

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then you need to use a

00:03:04

three-position distributor; it

00:03:06

has a central neutral the position of the

00:03:09

distributor spool 14 of the circuit in the

00:03:12

neutral position

00:03:13

allows you to connect all 4

00:03:15

cavities with each other, it turns out that the channels a bp will be

00:03:19

connected to the drain into the tank, this means

00:03:22

that the pressure in these lines will be very

00:03:24

small, that is, the pump and the cavities of the

00:03:26

hydraulic cylinder will be in the middle of the

00:03:29

dinner state when switching

00:03:31

distributor, liquid from the pump will

00:03:34

flow into the piston cavity

00:03:35

of the hydraulic cylinder and liquid from the rod

00:03:37

cavity will be sent to drain; in the

00:03:40

opposite position, liquid from the

00:03:43

pump will be supplied to the bayonet

00:03:44

cavity and liquid from the piston will be

00:03:47

sent to drain; more interesting is

00:03:53

the operation of the distributor 24 circuit; its

00:03:57

spool in the neutral connects between are

00:03:59

lines a b and p, that is, the

00:04:01

pump discharge line is connected simultaneously

00:04:04

to both cavities of the hydraulic cylinder; this is the so-

00:04:07

called connection of the hydraulic cylinder according to a

00:04:09

differential circuit;

00:04:11

in this case, the fluid pressure will

00:04:13

simultaneously act on the piston from both the

00:04:16

piston cavity side and the rod side due to the fact

00:04:19

that the effective the area on the

00:04:21

piston side is larger, the

00:04:23

rod will begin to move out, liquid from the

00:04:26

rod cavity will be displaced

00:04:28

and enter the piston cavity, since this is the

00:04:31

only possible way for it, it

00:04:34

turns out that both

00:04:36

liquid from the pump and liquid from the rod cavity will flow into the piston

00:04:39

cavity,

00:04:41

which will speed up the extension of the rod, the force

00:04:44

will be small

00:04:45

since the extension of the rod is opposed by the

00:04:48

force acting from the side of the rod

00:04:50

cavity, this method of connection is convenient

00:04:53

to use for quickly bringing in a

00:04:54

tool where

00:04:56

significant effort is not required to carry out the

00:04:59

working stroke, you need to switch

00:05:02

the distributor and connect the

00:05:04

pump discharge line with the piston completely,

00:05:06

so that the cavity is happy

00:05:08

to remove the liquid from the tool

00:05:11

the pump is sent to the bayonet cavity and the

00:05:13

liquid from the piston is sent to

00:05:16

drain in the distributor 34 circuits in the

00:05:22

neutral position, line p is

00:05:24

locked and lines a and b are connected to the

00:05:27

drain; this circuit allows, in the neutral

00:05:30

position, to relieve the residual pressure

00:05:32

from channels a and b one of the options for

00:05:35

using this distributor

00:05:37

is its use as the

00:05:39

first cascade in multi-cascade

00:05:41

distributors, the

00:05:43

connection of channels a and b allows you to

00:05:45

unload the spool of the second cascade so

00:05:48

that the springs set it in the

00:05:50

central position using the

00:05:52

distributor 34 circuits can be controlled

00:05:55

and hydraulic cylinders or a hydraulic motor,

00:05:58

the movement of the name will also allow you to

00:06:00

extend and retract the rod It should be

00:06:03

remembered that in the neutral position the cavities of the cylinder

00:06:05

will be connected happily, so if there

00:06:08

are tasks to hold some kind of load, then a

00:06:12

hydra lock distributors 44 circuits in the

00:06:19

neutral position locks the cavities

00:06:21

a.b. In

00:06:22

everyday life, this allows you to install several

00:06:25

distributors in parallel to

00:06:26

control several hydraulic cylinders; the

00:06:29

distributor spool covers the line of the

00:06:32

u.p. the pressure at the pump outlet will be

00:06:34

maximum equal to the pressure of the

00:06:36

safety valve setting when

00:06:38

switching the distributor, the

00:06:40

pump fluid is directed into the piston cavity, the

00:06:42

rod is extended in the opposite

00:06:46

position, the

00:06:47

liquid from the pump is directed into the

00:06:49

bayonet cavity, the rod is retracted, the most

00:06:56

unusual distributor spool 64

00:06:59

diagrams, it has an internal channel that

00:07:02

allows liquid to flow

00:07:03

from the channel pv channel t when the

00:07:05

spool is in the central position,

00:07:08

this way the

00:07:10

pump unit is unloaded at the moment when the

00:07:13

cylinder rod is stationary,

00:07:14

this saves energy and

00:07:17

increases the service life of the

00:07:18

hydraulic drive elements when the spool moves,

00:07:21

as in previous cases, the liquid

00:07:23

will be directed into the piston cavity

00:07:25

to extend the piece and into a bayonet to

00:07:28

retract it, the

00:07:32

presented schemes are most often

00:07:34

used in hydraulic systems;

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distributors can be controlled not

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only manually or mechanically,

00:07:41

but also using electric,

00:07:43

hydraulic or pneumatic

00:07:44

energy, which will allow the implementation of

00:07:47

automatic control schemes.

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make a

00:07:56

video dedicated to multi-stage

00:07:58

distributors in which the previous

00:08:00

cascade controls the subsequent sectional

00:08:03

distributor, which is used in

00:08:05

excavators, lifting machines,

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proportional distributors that

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can regulate the flow of working

00:08:12

fluid and therefore control the speed of

00:08:14

movement of hydraulic cylinder rods;

00:08:17

automation schemes with hydraulic and

00:08:19

pneumatic drives;

00:08:20

write in the comments which video you

00:08:23

would like to see

00:08:24

earlier

Description:

В предыдущем видео мы разбирались с основами работы гидравлического распределителя, и рассмотрели несколько схем. Видео получилось достаточно успешным, и я получил множество комментариев с пожеланием продолжить тему гидрораспределителей. В этом ролике мы рассмотрим конструкцию промышленного распределителя, а также разберем работу гидрораспределителей 14, 24, 34, 44, 64 и 574 схем. Советуем посмотреть: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHg-KB95FSc Как работает гидравлический распределитель?

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