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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:11
[music] the00:00:37
existence of God is so obvious that00:00:40
disbelief in him is a sin and it is00:00:42
so not obvious that faith in him00:00:45
is a merit universal dialogues00:00:49
for a universal country may he reign00:00:51
again in our hearts and I can00:00:54
earn money from a normal chicken00:00:58
pecks a grain and litters the whole00:01:00
black yard and the black crowds like00:01:03
this held the oil in a hurricane in the00:01:05
Middle Ages, so from time to time my00:01:08
hair moved, the moment was very00:01:13
hot00:01:15
homosexuality, ugh, stop using it to your00:01:20
friend’s tail, it’s disgusting for the00:01:22
fiefdom of Zhek, they put him at the stake,00:01:24
and you won’t tell him it flies just like that00:01:26
or not the peasantry has won the00:01:28
world competition for the provision of00:01:31
religious magical services00:01:33
hello this is a deconstruction project00:01:35
today we are discussing the film by Jean Jacques She is the00:01:38
name of the rose with the historian and writer cool00:01:40
Zhukovy hello cream of brevity in the name of the00:01:44
rose a film directed by Jean Jacques she was filmed in00:01:47
1986 starring William of00:01:50
Baskerville performed by American00:01:52
actor Sean Connery librarian Jorge00:01:55
Fedor Chaliapin the youngest son of a famous00:01:57
Russian opera singer at the age of 1500:02:00
Christian Slater starred in the film00:02:02
for the filming of the film a monastery was built00:02:04
interior photography took place in the00:02:07
monastery and coats of arms in Germany founded by00:02:09
Augustine themselves in 1116 in 198700:02:14
film00:02:15
The Name of the Rose received a Cesar Award for00:02:17
Best Foreign Language Film00:02:19
in 1988, a British Academy Award for00:02:23
Best Actor and00:02:25
Best Make-up, the film's worldwide box office gross00:02:27
was $77 million, the00:02:30
main motive of the film is00:02:33
heresy, who do you think is called00:02:37
heretics in the film00:02:39
because it was originally a heresy this is an incorrect00:02:42
interpretation of divine scripture about the film00:02:44
Darchinyans appear who are hostile00:02:47
to the church because of its luxury and00:02:49
wealth the Inquisition calls them00:02:51
heretics Do I understand correctly that00:02:54
all the priests who were hostile00:02:57
to the church were called heretics and the00:02:59
fact is that heresy is a distortion of00:03:01
the original textbooks may not necessarily00:03:04
be related to00:03:06
Christianity, maybe for example00:03:09
Zoroastrian to believe in classical00:03:11
Manichaeans, here the question of course is in its00:03:16
direct text Amber because I illuminated the frost in my book,00:03:18
I honestly don’t remember00:03:20
this phrase sounded like that in the Sean Connery00:03:24
film that played as we remember00:03:26
Wilhelm both Skyr Wells, the question is not00:03:30
whether he was poor and Christ, the question is00:03:34
whether the church should be poor, cover00:03:38
the most important thing, can the church00:03:40
imposing your will on earthly rulers00:03:43
was probably the sickest thing.00:03:46
which the papacy had because the00:03:49
papacy00:03:50
formally once upon a time when00:03:53
Christianity was born as a world00:03:54
religion, a universal religion, the00:03:56
Pope of Rome was one of the two00:03:59
main bishops of the so-called pint00:04:03
archi and where Constantinople was included, of00:04:06
course, I followed the end who is the close00:04:09
metropolitan of Rome, respectively,00:04:13
the patriarch of Constantinople I beg your00:04:15
pardon, Rome, where the Pope sat,00:04:18
Jerusalem as the city where the00:04:21
Christian teachings came from, Antioch and00:04:24
Alexandria, these were the five main00:04:26
metropolises and the popes00:04:30
were for a very long time under the direct00:04:33
influence of Byzantium, being00:04:35
sort of number two after00:04:37
Constantinople, but since the religion00:04:43
had already become a state, find more world00:04:45
religion, it’s as if they were now saying a00:04:46
gigantic business that was00:04:49
directly in direct connection with the feudal00:04:52
aristocracy and the feudal hierarchy and00:04:55
the question was whether the church would be an00:04:58
independent and dominant00:05:01
subject of feudal law, and00:05:04
what enormous opportunities they had;00:05:05
this is a00:05:07
gigantic propaganda network that will00:05:10
literally spread all of Western00:05:12
Europe there and theoretically it would be nice00:05:14
if they, of course, listened to their most00:05:16
important priest, that is, the00:05:19
Pope, and since Christianity is a00:05:25
universal religion, you too, which will be00:05:27
the same in England and France and Denmark,00:05:29
Italy, anywhere and don’t look, they are all00:05:31
obliged to obey the Roman for the pope, but the00:05:34
secular feudal lords00:05:35
who, for example, spent time there in France or00:05:37
Germany, it doesn’t matter and we wouldn’t be interested in having00:05:40
someone there00:05:42
propagandize what the visible ones would order,00:05:44
so for a very long time the priests, especially those00:05:47
who had priests and bishops who were00:05:48
abbots of monasteries, were chosen00:05:51
on the spot and approved local chief00:05:54
feudal lords, either a king or a duke or a count,00:05:57
or, in fact, the most00:05:58
powerful air of a00:05:59
given territory, which of course sharply00:06:01
limited the possibilities of the papacy and at00:06:04
some point with the advent of the empire of00:06:07
Charlemagne - where we climbed into the 9th century,00:06:10
first 9 years, end of 8, Charles’s empire00:06:14
as another attempt to revive the00:06:19
Roman Empire already de facto, every lesson00:06:23
on general did not disappear anywhere, but00:06:24
de facto00:06:25
to take over the entire territory of one00:06:27
empire would require universal00:06:29
dialogues for a universal country, a00:06:31
giant interethnic one, there are different00:06:36
languages, then of course there was a Catholic00:06:38
religion, there were no other options and he00:06:39
went straight to strengthen the role of the papacy and the00:06:42
papacy, for the00:06:43
first time in a very long time, received00:06:46
not just an important religious status, a00:06:48
gigantic political status,00:06:50
gigantic simply incredible funds, and00:06:52
this, of course, had to be reflected00:06:57
in the ideology, that is, the question immediately arose: was00:07:00
Christ poor, was he the son of a00:07:02
carpenter, just like that it is written in the gospel00:07:05
and therefore how is it00:07:10
that you have some main bishop, the Pope00:07:14
of Rome,00:07:15
and yes, palaces, and there are tens of thousands of00:07:18
peasants working for him,00:07:21
incredible wealth is concentrated in cathedrals,00:07:23
and stone00:07:25
gilded cathedrals are being built, what kind of means have you00:07:27
never dreamed of?00:07:29
to sit next to00:07:30
Christ and the Pope all in gold,00:07:33
silk and velvet00:07:35
somehow doesn’t fit, and therefore it was necessary to00:07:38
find a clear justification for why the church00:07:40
can continue to perform a universal00:07:44
political function, for which, of course, the00:07:48
correct quote was found in the Holy Scriptures and it turns out that00:07:51
some kind of Christ owned property and whatever00:07:53
he owned on earth, the most important thing is that00:07:57
any earthly wealth is not even a00:08:01
mustard seed in comparison with the real00:08:04
splendor of the glory of God in heaven, therefore00:08:08
the church not only can own00:08:11
wealth, but must also own00:08:12
wealth to glorify00:08:14
our heavenly Father at least try00:08:17
to glorify because, well, it’s clear that it won’t00:08:20
work, you want to try one00:08:23
side of the other country, and of course the church is00:08:24
people who are completely cut off00:08:26
from any production cycle;00:08:28
they need to be fed, that is, they must00:08:31
receive some kind of content from the outside,00:08:33
for which they also need property, and if00:08:36
suddenly it turns out that someone is trying to00:08:41
revise the decision of the council, by00:08:45
the way, the supreme supreme actor is00:08:50
capable of issuing in general faith teaching00:08:53
laws, that is, considering dogma, so00:08:58
someone says no, Christ was poor, he did00:09:00
not own anything, so this is already a00:09:02
question that is not only a00:09:06
religious, controversial, directly political00:09:08
dispute and Naturally, a00:09:12
political war begins, as usually00:09:15
happened in the Middle Ages, they are wrapped in00:09:17
diode clothes, the heretic is, first of00:09:22
all, the ideology of otherness from the00:09:26
Catholic rulers, it doesn’t matter whether they are secular or00:09:29
spiritual, therefore, just to00:09:31
mention the sect,00:09:33
take brother dolcino, no further of this is a00:09:37
very real sect that existed in the00:09:39
fourteenth century, it was very similar00:09:44
in views to some minarets00:09:46
that existed approximately in the same place and at00:09:48
about the same time, at the end of the00:09:51
classical Middle Ages, which00:09:53
preached poverty, asceticism and00:09:56
extreme mysticism, that is, you need to00:09:59
constantly fast, pray in the soul,00:10:03
no rituals are important,00:10:06
the most important thing is that you sincerely believed lived00:10:09
according to the commandments and did not acquire earthly00:10:12
wealth for himself, as by the way, including what00:10:13
Christ said directly in the Gospel,00:10:15
where he really can be found and some other00:10:17
quotes where he spoke directly against00:10:19
will ask the 1st pack to give birth that you can00:10:21
start like this, but there are direct indications of this00:10:24
and here Firstly, they stood in00:10:28
opposition to the Pope of Rome to the00:10:32
Popes in general and to the very system of wealth00:10:35
of the church and of course they00:10:39
immediately became an exponent of the00:10:41
ideology of the rebellious oppressed peasants00:10:44
or poor townspeople, including, by the00:10:48
way, the poor monasticism that00:10:50
existed in the poorest00:10:53
monasteries or in rich monasteries but00:10:55
was oppressed by the00:10:56
highest church aristocracy, that is,00:10:59
it was a political program00:11:00
and a mine of risk and the teaching and teaching of the front00:11:05
dolcino, especially since it has a00:11:07
very long history behind it, namely the00:11:10
teaching further but goes back directly to the00:11:13
teaching of Joachim floors who is this00:11:15
church figure in the second half of the00:11:18
twelfth, beginning of the 13th century, numbered00:11:20
in 1202, if I’m not mistaken,00:11:22
who developed these ideas from him, and yes, I00:11:27
Khinsky was also condemned as a heretic;00:11:30
however, if I’m not mistaken, after his death00:11:32
his works were condemned,00:11:33
but it’s not lost anywhere, all this is00:11:35
superimposed the fact that the film00:11:37
and the book takes place somewhere in northern00:11:39
Italy, somewhere between Liguria and the00:11:43
renovation of France, in short,00:11:45
northwestern Italy is a very interesting00:11:48
region in terms of religion because we00:11:52
remember there were Cathars who in00:11:55
France were called Albe Gaians by00:11:57
this heretical teaching that is, teachings00:12:00
that distort00:12:01
supposedly distort the true Christian00:12:03
teaching that appeared somewhere around the00:12:05
year 1000, that is, at the very beginning of the 12th century,00:12:11
maybe the very end of the 11th century, well, how about00:12:13
1000, maybe they are accurately fixed00:12:15
and they spread precisely through00:12:19
the northern and also the roots themselves teachings00:12:22
came, of course, from the Balkans from such a00:12:26
current of Bogumil and Byzantine00:12:28
Byzantine Bulgarian, in short,00:12:30
Balkan which were physically defeated,00:12:33
they were forced to leave their00:12:35
lands, well, at least part of them, and of00:12:37
course they also went along the nearest route00:12:39
to northern Italy, northern or00:12:41
not they were very well received there and00:12:43
why because in northern Italy we00:12:45
remember how it is called Lombard00:12:48
why it is called Lombard but because the Lombards00:12:52
lived there at one time after the great00:12:54
migration of peoples,00:12:56
that is, a Germanic tribe00:12:58
that is actually Italian and for a very00:13:03
long time these Lombards retained their00:13:05
linguistic I00:13:10
clearly show ethnic, including religious, identity that these are00:13:12
not with these Italians, these are the descendants00:13:15
of the conquerors, and the most important thing is that they are not00:13:18
with the empire because they are such a00:13:22
completely separate country here and in the00:13:25
religious sense it was formalized so00:13:27
that they were back in the fourth century00:13:29
fifth, our00:13:31
great AD began to accept the00:13:34
Arian heresy as the state00:13:36
religion, well, as the main religion,00:13:37
that is, they had a tradition, including00:13:43
religious resistance,00:13:45
but at the grassroots level it was simply00:13:47
incredible, that is, the fourteenth century00:13:49
until it turns out to be almost a thousand years, they already00:13:51
had this genetic tradition therefore,00:13:53
when the new ones came, you see, which by the way,00:13:55
well, in general, they said about the00:13:57
same thing that I the Arians and Bogumil talked about,00:14:00
and in external expression, namely in the refusal00:14:03
of the ritual part, the refusal of wealth, the00:14:07
acceptance of poverty, these heretics00:14:09
were very good, simply00:14:11
because for almost a thousand years people here00:14:13
have heard about this in France in southern France, the00:14:17
Languedoc itself was cleared from the Albigensians from the00:14:20
Cathars by military means, that00:14:22
is, they just started killing them00:14:23
en masse and ended it all, as we00:14:26
remember, with the capture of the Montsegur castle with a terrible00:14:29
massacre, but this France in Italy can00:14:33
do such a thing it didn’t work out and so that we00:14:35
understand the descendants of all these Cathars and00:14:38
others, they still live in apses in Italy00:14:40
actively, but in general00:14:44
there were00:14:45
thousands of arden of with different names and with00:14:49
different interpretations of the faith, how they00:14:53
differed from each other and how did00:14:55
pop music allow such a large number00:14:57
orders is that they are orders and not even heresies,00:15:00
how could they not be allowed to do so, it’s just that00:15:02
they have their own charter, this is not an interpretation of00:15:04
dogma, this is a charter, that is, there is a certain00:15:08
territorial group, but they00:15:11
still each had their00:15:12
own small interpretation way of life,00:15:14
this is no one’s elevator, the UN charter00:15:18
translates it like that, actually, please, it was00:15:21
n’t that it was possible, it00:15:23
was welcomed in every possible way so that you were in00:15:27
this form, you are a comet, the variety is00:15:31
great, each one is not sure about a thousand,00:15:33
I don’t know where such information comes from, but all the same, the00:15:35
main thing would be of course this there were Dominicans,00:15:38
Cistercians, Benedictines00:15:41
and Franciscans, these were the00:15:43
main monastic movements that00:15:45
took place by that time funds of the end,00:15:48
for example, they just preached the00:15:51
ideals of Francis of Assisi, in00:15:54
fact, why not the Franciscans00:15:55
about a poor life, but of course00:15:58
they were not as radical as for example00:16:00
you minari or gave chinese you therefore00:16:02
actually didn’t not become heretics,00:16:04
on the contrary, Francis of Assisi is one of the00:16:05
most respected00:16:06
Catholic saints in general and what was00:16:11
the hierarchy between them there was no enmity00:16:13
between them there was not all of them were romances00:16:15
cartoon 1 hierarchy there is the Pope under00:16:19
him here the cardinals raise the bishop the00:16:20
archbishops under them are obata, here you have all00:16:22
the hierarchies, but how did it happen that the pope00:16:26
from Rome in the 14th century in 130900:16:29
moved from Rome to France, this is Pope00:16:32
Clement the fifth, he went specifically to the city of00:16:35
Avignon,00:16:36
thus beginning the period of Avignon00:16:39
behavior folders 409 to 1378 and the fact is00:16:44
that the iron king Philip00:16:46
k petting is actually the last great k00:16:49
petting on the throne,00:16:50
just returning to the beginning of00:16:52
our conversation, he00:16:53
was terribly dissatisfied with the fact that some00:16:56
people in his country did not obey him00:16:59
but obeyed something incomprehensible to00:17:01
man in another hat in some00:17:03
somewhere in Rome he couldn’t stand it00:17:06
because this is exactly the00:17:07
famous dispute over investiture00:17:10
which throughout Western Europe,00:17:12
of course, has been going on since the 12th century, that is,00:17:16
who exactly has the right to appoint the highest00:17:22
church hierarchs to their pulpits, the00:17:24
pope or the local king00:17:26
crafter is so important and since00:17:29
specifically Philip the Beautiful had the00:17:31
iron king why the00:17:33
iron king of Mosul had a00:17:35
lot of power in so many of them he held a00:17:37
very serious counter with the00:17:39
previous Pope Boniface and Pope00:17:43
Boniface in direct political00:17:44
clash, he suffered a00:17:47
direct political defeat from Philip the Beautiful, that00:17:50
is, it came to the point that the00:17:51
heirs of the knight came there, who simply00:17:53
punched dad in the face, then dad died, the00:17:57
next folder made an offer00:17:59
that he could not refuse, he was00:18:00
simply taken away to the volume there, settled in00:18:03
and thus Philip the Beautiful00:18:05
has his own pocket dad, that is, it00:18:09
seems like he hasn’t violated anything00:18:11
because the church is managed by the Pope, he00:18:15
has nothing to do with this at all, but since, in principle, he is in the00:18:17
hands of the king, but it is clear who is00:18:18
in charge of the church and also probably a00:18:21
small rebus here and here, of course,00:18:26
another connection arises00:18:28
that we will see films and read in a00:18:30
book this is the same nameless deception00:18:34
unknown to us where the00:18:38
representatives of the Pope,00:18:41
led by the famous Dominican00:18:43
inquisitor Bernard Guy, and the delegation of the00:18:46
German Emperor Louis Victor00:18:49
from Bach should gather for a debate. known as00:18:51
Louis of Bavaria, who had to00:18:54
compete in a dispute about the right of the church to00:18:58
precisely the wealth00:18:59
that you were talking about because quite00:19:02
naturally the German emperor00:19:05
could not tolerate that the pope was in the00:19:09
hands of the French and thus the French00:19:11
now directly influence00:19:13
German politics therefore, before00:19:15
Umberto Eco, through the mouth of William00:19:18
of Bashkir, he very precisely indicated00:19:21
why exactly there was a dispute, namely00:19:24
whether the church, currently00:19:27
in the hands of the French, could tell the00:19:29
secular rulers, and most importantly,00:19:31
of course, the German emperor, how to conduct00:19:35
politics, how to introduce economic affairs in00:19:38
the end after all, to whom can you take the money,00:19:40
representing only such a Pope00:19:41
in the courtyard, this is the place where from00:19:44
all over Catholic Europe they collected the00:19:46
denarius of St. Peter 3 marmots for 10 Well, can00:19:48
you imagine from Ireland there to00:19:51
England and Denmark and Sweden to Sicily00:19:54
Spain from everywhere 10 percent of church00:19:57
income is very not small ones00:19:58
to concentrate the decree of the Pope,00:20:00
but at the moment it means the wet00:20:02
French king at this company before00:20:04
showing how the places were worn they bring00:20:06
m10 but also kittens but these places the population00:20:09
below were very rich00:20:11
themselves paid it seems to me a miserable00:20:13
existence how much they could00:20:15
pay the maximum taxes for the year here,00:20:18
of course, in the film,00:20:20
by the way, in the book, there are also some, in my00:20:23
opinion, too much00:20:24
because northern Italy, let’s say00:20:28
so without false modesty at the beginning of the 14th00:20:31
century, this is the richest region of Europe00:20:34
in general, that is, the00:20:37
region was simply not physically richer than the north of Italy00:20:42
because who was in Italy knows that there is00:20:45
such an impression: stick a mop in00:20:46
and it will sprout because the climate,00:20:50
firstly, is not very hot if you take the00:20:52
average yearly00:20:53
climate as sea-Mediterranean, so00:20:58
there, in fact, from the early00:21:00
Bronze Age, civilization in general began00:21:01
in this place, simply00:21:04
because it is very convenient to live and so the00:21:06
peasants, of course, ca00:21:11
n’t even be compared with the church’s riches, but life is not entirely00:21:13
bad and they had something to take, well,00:21:17
it’s clear that, again, there won’t be any such great00:21:19
gold and diamonds, but as00:21:21
you know, the hen pecks at the grain and00:21:24
litters the whole yard,00:21:26
that is, one peasant is a penny,00:21:30
100 peasants are already a ruble, so the task00:21:32
was xk to block in one place from00:21:34
everyone, well, at least take something for besides00:21:37
10 at the monastery, they themselves could00:21:39
produce fabric and sew clothes,00:21:42
sell them, brew their own wine,00:21:46
they don’t get it they only depended on taxes, but they also00:21:50
ran a business like this, a small huge00:21:54
business I saw, let’s do this because they00:21:56
received money from their peasants and00:22:00
they tried to get money only from the peasants, I00:22:02
apologize, this is a city that00:22:04
is00:22:06
under the subordination of, say, a00:22:09
certain bishop and the city will pay tithes00:22:12
at least must pay tithes, is there a00:22:15
craft workshop and will the craft workshop00:22:17
pay tithes, that is,00:22:18
the money there is already completely different,00:22:20
you understand that if you gather 10 thousand00:22:23
peasants there, everyone will bring in a good00:22:26
starting capital, that’s all, and00:22:28
that’s why, of course, the monasteries did business00:22:31
because, firstly, yes they had their00:22:32
own crosses or00:22:33
directly their own peasants00:22:34
who were on the land and worked00:22:36
directly for them, more than their own craft00:22:39
workshops, including, for example, in the film it00:22:41
is shown wonderfully and the scriptorium of money was00:22:44
not copied, this is the same giant00:22:47
market because everyone, all the churches and00:22:50
all the monasteries, all the universities need00:22:52
there were books that didn’t cost very much and00:22:54
the scriptoriums were the most profitable00:22:56
enterprises teeth something after all these are00:22:59
monks and after that they scrape money with feathers there00:23:02
they earn money than a normal00:23:04
printing house guys like just like a00:23:08
printing house so accurately and most importantly in the00:23:12
monastery they didn’t take on logic like00:23:13
public did not take taxes, that is,00:23:15
business was not taxed, and therefore, of00:23:17
course, when we say the church, we00:23:20
understand that this is the richest feudal lord00:23:22
in Europe, if we take the church in general for00:23:24
everything around, there00:23:25
was no one richer than the church, and00:23:28
of course the secular authorities00:23:30
looked at it with great suspicion and interest00:23:33
yacht treasure they thought maybe whatever it was they could00:23:35
redistribute the devil00:23:38
constructively into deconstruction with cream00:23:41
Zhukov the name of the rose an adaptation of the novel of the same name by the00:23:47
Italian 7 tin and00:23:48
postmodernist and teacher at the University of Bologna00:23:52
umberto eco the first novel of the writer and00:23:54
published in 1980 in 1983 comes out with and00:24:00
notes in the margins the name of the rose in which the00:24:03
course introduces readers to the history of the00:24:04
creation of the main work, the novel The00:24:07
Name of the Rose in Russian translation, was published in00:24:10
1988,00:24:11
work on the script for the film The Name of the Rose00:24:14
took almost five years, 1700:24:17
versions of the script were made on which00:24:19
4 specialists worked. Andrew Birkin Gerard Brush00:24:23
Allen Godard Howard Franklin00:24:26
Umberto Eco's book The Name of the Rose is included in the top 10000:24:29
best detective novels of all time00:24:32
according to the British00:24:33
Crime Writers Association Christianity is00:24:36
categorically against magic and what is the00:24:39
difference between sorcerers and a monk the00:24:44
difference between a wizard a sorcerer a magician00:24:50
and a Christian monk is that00:24:54
Christianity has won the world00:24:56
competition in Providing religious00:24:59
magical services00:25:00
and, accordingly, magic, all other00:25:03
practitioners have lost this competition but do00:25:05
not stop trying to win over00:25:09
part of the audience in order to00:25:11
receive certain resources about them;00:25:15
informational or direct monetary or00:25:17
so, in principle, these are colleagues for no, they are00:25:19
about the same00:25:21
the only difference, of course, is that00:25:25
from a materialistic point of view, it plays a very00:25:26
small role, but for the participants in00:25:30
the process, it is clear that the poppy00:25:33
orders some otherworldly forces00:25:37
with the help of one form or another, forces00:25:40
them to carry out their will, and a Christian00:25:44
priest, it doesn’t matter, he’s just a00:25:46
Christian, he asks for otherworldly forces00:25:48
so that if they want,00:25:50
they do something good and, in principle, the00:25:52
goal is not Christianity,00:25:55
at least the declared goal is not to00:25:57
have some kind of slow00:25:59
benefits in the form of00:26:01
someone miraculously created,00:26:03
for example, a castle or like the movie, more precisely00:26:07
the cartoon Aladdin, remember was a00:26:08
Disney startup should say00:26:09
halogen, say something00:26:12
outrageous, say I want it to00:26:13
flow at my feet, but this is not the purpose of this body,00:26:18
Christianity is for you to get all these00:26:20
goodies after death in the form of00:26:22
eternal life in complete bliss, and the magician is00:26:26
all- as the heir and direct participant of the00:26:30
pagan worldview, it seems you want me to00:26:32
forget here and now immediately00:26:34
what he is forcing00:26:35
otherworldly forces to do, by the way, religion00:26:38
and magic, this is exactly where they very much did00:26:41
not agree, and it was magic that was considered a00:26:44
criminal offense since the time of I beg your pardon of00:26:47
Hammurabi king, that is,00:26:50
persecution magicians and sorcerers as00:26:52
socially dangerous people were often dealt with by00:26:55
no organization at all, not just by the00:26:56
secular authorities, well, because this was a00:26:58
violation of the criminal code right in00:27:00
Hammurabi and several previous and00:27:04
subsequent legislative systems00:27:05
between the rivers, it was directly written there that00:27:08
for the revealed spell someone00:27:11
cursed someone enchanted to put death on cal,00:27:14
but about the life of the monks, verygames00:27:18
and from the prices when they conduct00:27:20
investigations, I don’t find out the secret life of the00:27:22
dark side of life the abbey00:27:24
project of communication with women, homosexuality00:27:28
and the use of all kinds of psychotropic00:27:31
drugs and the prices itself also enters into00:27:34
yourself as a woman, how widespread was this00:27:37
in the monastery, in fact,00:27:40
if we carefully00:27:43
read the papal encyclicals and the00:27:46
orders of local bishops and abbots00:27:50
on a constant basis, and by the way, what is00:27:52
important is the decrees of the Catholic councils00:27:56
from the encyclical, the ends of the cries from the00:27:59
resolutions of the cathedral decreed by the councils, they00:28:01
constantly say stop taking advantage of00:28:04
each other, this is disgusting00:28:06
homosexuality Well,00:28:10
please excuse me, stop having sexual00:28:12
intercourse with women, but because first of all,00:28:14
in all of us, no one can do celibacy,00:28:16
and in the second, it’s a completely00:28:18
different story, and stop trading in00:28:21
church positions, the so-called00:28:23
simony, since the ban was repeated00:28:27
constantly, it means that they were simply put on a00:28:29
well-known device, that is, a bolt, that00:28:32
is, they were not carried out because you needed00:28:34
these prohibitions to be repeated over and over again,00:28:37
so the monasteries, of course, in addition to the fact00:28:40
that there were centers for the education of literacy, a00:28:43
craft as a business, that is, the benefits did not00:28:46
pass debauchery,00:28:47
well, this is how it turns out, I’m not saying that00:28:49
everyone everything is one hundred percent, but it was00:28:52
very widespread and it was00:28:54
also widespread and why because00:28:56
whoever became a monk became a monk en00:29:00
masse, the younger sons of feudal lords who were00:29:03
not destined for any inheritance at all00:29:05
because feudalism is always the principle of00:29:09
primogeniture, that is, the eldest son receives all the inheritance the00:29:11
younger one especially had the00:29:14
option to make a career in the00:29:15
military or in the spiritual field in the00:29:21
war they might kill a little and in the monastery wow00:29:23
who are they, what kind of people are they and00:29:25
also feudal lords who just rode00:29:27
on horseback hunted,00:29:30
used the surrounding peasants there, their00:29:32
maids and did not feel bad at all00:29:34
felt and now they find themselves in the00:29:36
monastery that they will continue to do the00:29:39
same thing on the roads, that is, roughly00:29:42
speaking, the monastic way of life is no00:29:44
different from the secular one; of course, it00:29:46
will differ, firstly in that00:29:49
what was not done outside00:29:51
cannot be done and when not things there are embarrassing,00:29:54
so secondly, of course, this is a condition of life,00:29:58
that is, if you used to live in a castle, well,00:30:00
relatively speaking, one was your castle,00:30:02
then you live in a castle, only a00:30:03
monastery is called the Cabinet of Ministers, a large00:30:06
building, maybe even more than a dozen, and00:30:08
you live there there are many of you there, this is00:30:11
the life of just such a territorial00:30:13
community, you are constantly there in00:30:16
elbow contact with someone from here, by the way, because of00:30:19
this, after00:30:20
all, women in monasteries were not00:30:21
very straight forward, let’s say here, of course,00:30:24
homosexuality spread because00:30:26
try to lock there are 50100 30000:30:29
young men together and prohibit them from having00:30:31
any sexual relations with00:30:33
anyone else, sooner or later it will suddenly00:30:35
become clear that they are there from the registration of00:30:37
orientation, yes, it’s true that someone is not very good00:30:38
and the animal also walked in,00:30:42
this is also periodically expressed about this00:30:44
that this also happened,00:30:47
all sorts of sheep, goats, pigs, and this also00:30:51
happened, and this too was forced to be00:30:54
banned from time to time,00:30:55
although I repeat, of course, there is when we00:30:57
think that this is the monastery of the Catholic00:31:01
Pope and there are only splashes flying at night00:31:03
in all directions, but of course this is not so00:31:05
Of course, it’s not a general rule, it’s certainly00:31:09
an excess, that is, it’s not a universal phenomenon,00:31:12
but often, but no, not everyone is there00:31:16
to ask, so to speak roughly, about00:31:19
ten percent were probably inclined and00:31:21
allowed themselves from any kind of bizzotto in the00:31:24
other in that they were inclined and00:31:26
allowed themselves in the first place those people00:31:30
who came to the monastery from00:31:33
high society and immediately begin, by the00:31:35
standards of their origin, to occupy00:31:38
very high positions in the church hierarchy00:31:40
and ending with the Pope himself, and now00:31:43
they are in full view of everyone because00:31:46
since people are very high up they are00:31:48
watching them as if they should set an example,00:31:51
but they are just there and there’s00:31:54
all sorts of rubbish there, you’re just not that kind of00:31:55
girl00:32:00
Umberto Eco was dissatisfied with the00:32:03
film adaptation of the novel The Name of the Rose by Jean Jacques, but he also00:32:06
forbade making films based on his00:32:08
works and q refused director00:32:11
Stanley Kubrick film his00:32:12
second novel Foucault's pendulum umberto eco00:32:15
wrote several more novels, among them00:32:17
the island on the eve of the Parisian cemetery 000:32:20
issues also scientific works are devoted to the00:32:22
semiotics of medieval aesthetics,00:32:24
the problem00:32:25
of interpretation umberto eco died in 2016 at the00:32:29
age of 84 after the death of the00:32:32
writer, a new film adaptation of the book The00:32:34
Name of the Rose00:32:35
4 was released March 2019, the premiere of the00:32:39
television mini-series of this00:32:41
German production, directed by00:32:42
Giacomo Batiatus, took place. The00:32:44
budget of 8 episodes was 26 million00:32:47
dollars, which is connected with the appearance of the00:32:49
Inquisition in the church system, it was directly00:32:52
related to the spread, and the00:32:54
widest in the construction of the Cathar00:32:57
heresy, the Inquisition from the Latin word00:33:01
young visit about the investigation of this an00:33:04
investigative body00:33:05
literally, and when we pass and it’s a00:33:08
building, I want an investigative committee,00:33:09
know that these are also inquisitors because00:33:13
they are engaged in investigations, this is an00:33:14
investigative body for identifying heretics00:33:18
because some of them, especially in the00:33:21
thirteenth century after the military defeat00:33:23
of the Languedoc where the00:33:26
Cathar heresy flourished, they began00:33:29
to hide Naturally, I won’t say00:33:32
that it’s the right way to go for it or not, so00:33:35
you can get to the bottom of it, talk to him,00:33:37
collect operational data for the nose,00:33:41
denunciations, including one Turk to listen to,00:33:45
and it’s clear the heretic needs to work with him now00:33:47
they gave this matter to the Dominicans, for00:33:54
which they began to be called this I understand the words00:33:59
Dominic,00:34:00
naturally, but when I put it all00:34:02
together it turned out to be such a pun on the house on00:34:05
the rocky s and the Lord00:34:06
and us to how broad were the00:34:10
possibilities of the Holy Inquisition in the 14th00:34:13
century because in the film when William00:34:16
is conducting an investigation, his comrades00:34:18
say that now his enemy, the00:34:20
inquisitor Bernard, will arrive guide and they tell00:34:25
him that this time even the00:34:28
emperor himself will not be able to stand up for him,00:34:31
well, this is the case because this00:34:35
particular moment was very hot00:34:38
because I repeat, this refers to a00:34:41
real-life dispute between the00:34:44
Emperor Louis of Bavaria and the Pope00:34:48
and the Pope Roman after the internal00:34:51
specifically inquisitors, just why is the00:34:53
inquisitor going for a dispute, this is a person00:34:56
who can find out at any second00:34:58
that you are not just arguing about some00:35:01
nuances, but you are directly spreading heresy, and00:35:04
by the way - 3 there specially rubber00:35:07
toe cap settled 2 heretics of the former00:35:10
minarets and then without further becoming it is a00:35:13
belt or midi Bragin's cellarer and his00:35:16
assistants salvator and a monk so a00:35:19
little mentally insane who was00:35:21
brilliantly played by Ron Perlman,00:35:24
that is, the difference is that between the00:35:27
Franciscans who preaches poverty00:35:29
and thus helps the emperor00:35:31
deal with his00:35:33
dependence on the French Roman the00:35:36
pope00:35:37
and the heretic may disappear altogether, and00:35:42
then you will be in serious00:35:43
trouble because if the Inquisition00:35:45
really proves that these people did00:35:50
not come to argue with the pope, like normal00:35:53
Christians they are00:35:55
preaching heresy right here, then they will be forced to00:35:58
hand over such scoundrels to the hands of the00:36:00
secular authorities00:36:01
for executions, for example,00:36:04
they want this is not necessarily that the00:36:07
Inquisition proved that you were a heretic00:36:08
right away at the stake, this is of course not true,00:36:11
this was done to enhance the dramatic00:36:14
effect because the very first and most00:36:17
terrible punishment that00:36:19
the Inquisition subjected you to, having revealed your00:36:21
genetic nature, they left you on your00:36:24
knees, they forced you there 40 once read the00:36:26
Lord's Prayer, fast for a week and publicly renounce00:36:29
your legal status, that's all,00:36:32
learn the correct creed, read00:36:34
it and go for a walk, this is the most terrible00:36:37
thing the Inquisition could subject you to,00:36:40
but if you once again deceived everyone and00:36:43
again went into heresy, then right up to the00:36:46
walk to the fire, completely calm,00:36:50
but in hot moments I will repeat in hot00:36:53
moments, such as during the defeat of the00:36:56
Cathar heresy in the Languedoc, bauxite00:36:59
in general in southern France,00:37:00
as during these disputes between the00:37:03
Pope and the Emperor,00:37:08
here, of course, the inquisitor could have used00:37:11
very harsh measures and the secular authorities00:37:14
would be forced to react;00:37:15
another thing, of course, is that it’s very00:37:17
strange to me that the film showed, following the00:37:19
book, how, together with the inquisitor, a00:37:22
military detachment is riding right there and right there,00:37:25
Bernard doesn’t reveal 2 relay00:37:28
types there, one witch of them right there he00:37:31
burns it, and in his immediate00:37:33
presence this does not happen, I00:37:34
apologize because the inquisitor00:37:37
only reveals the presence of a crime and00:37:39
transfers it to the secular power, what kind of00:37:43
secular power is there, what kind of detachment is there, by00:37:45
the way, and00:37:46
there is a head of how00:37:48
I don’t know the territorial one, for example, the burgomasters of a00:37:50
nearby city that’s where they were supposed to be00:37:52
imprisoned00:37:53
and taken to the court of the nearest count00:37:56
who owns this territory, in00:37:57
short, to the secular ruler who00:38:00
owns this territory, where they would be00:38:02
imprisoned and then at the appointed00:38:04
time the sentence would be carried out and00:38:06
nothing else, because00:38:10
special cut were brought there detachment to play like this,00:38:12
immediately torture all of them, then you know, burn the00:38:16
parquet, I don’t even know how it doesn’t happen with an00:38:19
inquisitor,00:38:20
any inquisitor simply didn’t have00:38:22
such powers, but how did the Inquisition00:38:26
spread geographically in our country in00:38:28
Russia, also appeared under Peter00:38:30
the Great, was a saint,00:38:33
how did it get it00:38:36
At first, Rome was widespread in our country and Rome sent these00:38:40
people who00:38:41
had acquired such powers to the south of00:38:43
France, and along the way it turned out that exactly the00:38:46
same scoundrels as the Qatari people live00:38:49
throughout northern Italy, and then suddenly00:38:51
it turned out that they are also in Germany,00:38:54
including northern Germany, and everywhere00:38:56
somehow they need to work with them, and00:38:58
therefore the Inquisition, the Inquisitorial00:39:00
Tribunal, begins to spread like this00:39:02
from south to north, then they generally00:39:06
acquire a permanent status,00:39:08
certainly the fourteenth 15th century throughout00:39:11
Western Europe on a permanent basis00:39:14
somewhere, that is, some kind of inquisitorial department00:39:19
here, of course, I understand that this00:39:20
was done to enhance the drama of the00:39:22
film so that00:39:25
in the book, too, so as not to disrupt the rhythm of00:39:27
the narrative, because if they had also00:39:29
brought this religion of the drain of the Torah and the00:39:31
same girl with whom he once00:39:36
cohabited from the prices of the vile code, they were still00:39:39
lucky it was still dragged on for an00:39:41
unknown amount of time and in general00:39:43
the rhythm of the narrative would have been lost. I understand00:39:45
why this was done, I’m not even worried about the00:39:47
slight stretch of umberto because the author,00:39:52
of course, was aware of how the00:39:53
Inquisition worked, this was the great Devist, he00:39:56
knows much better than me, and the northern00:39:59
during the Enlightenment, the00:40:01
stereotype of the Middle Ages as a dark and00:40:05
gloomy era appeared00:40:07
on the modern motto, you have a different opinion00:40:10
on this matter, what do you think about this era when we00:40:14
follow for the authors of the era of enlightenment, we00:40:18
come to the study of the Middle Ages, we00:40:20
come to it chronologically, that00:40:21
is, from the very beginning from the fall of the00:40:23
Roman Empire, and there naturally the00:40:25
dark ages appeared without any00:40:27
equivocation, which of course not immediately because the00:40:30
Roman inertia was very strong, simply00:40:32
incredible strongly when I think that00:40:34
immediately after the destruction of the last00:40:37
Roman emperor after the ruin of Rome by00:40:39
Vandal Bykov, why all this history of the00:40:42
middle of the second half of the fifth century,00:40:44
immediately the dark ages there is nothing like it00:40:47
at all because the00:40:50
Roman water pipes are still working, the Roman baths are the whole00:40:53
Roman roads, the population is almost00:40:55
entirely literate all around Latin from the00:40:57
fact that specifically the Roman Empire00:40:58
has deteriorated, well, yes, it has deteriorated, it’s not00:41:01
very good, but this is not a catastrophic00:41:04
fall somewhere, after a00:41:05
while, when people simply forgot how to00:41:09
use Roman real00:41:10
institutions,00:41:13
the economy based on the old00:41:15
slaveholding law finally went into disarray, and the new00:41:17
feudal law is normal I wasn’t00:41:18
born yet, and on top of everything else,00:41:21
the Arabs came from the Arabian Peninsula,00:41:24
somewhere around the sixth to seventh centuries, that’s where the00:41:29
beginning of the eighth century begins,00:41:31
truly dark times begin, and00:41:34
then of course, if there are dark times here,00:41:37
you’re all the rest are dark times when the00:41:39
revival didn’t finish, then it started, the00:41:42
same thing is normal there, and it’s been a thousand years between00:41:45
the fall of the Roman Empire and the revival,00:41:47
so it’s all stupid people looking at some kind of duduk and00:41:49
sad people walking around in these same robes, there00:41:53
the inquisitor is building everyone, they’re00:41:55
burning someone because they don’t think so, but at the same00:41:57
time, however, I beg for mercy, the ancient00:41:58
heritage was preserved precisely in the Middle00:42:01
Ages, in the Middle Ages,00:42:04
something brilliant was created, logical schools, for00:42:07
example, a friend of William of Baskerville,00:42:11
William op-com, this is actually, by the way, the00:42:16
founder of00:42:18
such a philosophical movement as00:42:20
epistemology, that is knowledge as a system of00:42:25
knowledge, that is, how it generally works and00:42:27
knowledge that he came up with, by the way, she00:42:29
invented it, so when00:42:32
they say in the Middle Ages, this is some kind of00:42:33
dark horror nightmare, I’ve been00:42:37
delving deeply into this for a very long time all my00:42:40
adult life, in fact, you00:42:42
say this is not true, yes this is a denial00:42:45
of antiquity, that is, the middle view of the Middle00:42:49
Ages, economically and culturally, this is precisely the00:42:52
denial of antiquity, because I apologize,00:42:56
from denial, denial, synthesis is obtained, this is00:43:00
one of the basic laws of dialectics00:43:03
and the development of matter in general, including00:43:07
thinking matter, that is, humanity of00:43:09
human society and therefore that the00:43:11
negation of the negation of the Middle Ages, that00:43:15
is, the negation of the negation of antiquity, and00:43:17
what happened we got the00:43:19
revival of modern times,00:43:20
but if there had not been the first negation, we would00:43:23
never have gotten a new time,00:43:25
we now ask for forgiveness,00:43:28
we girls address the woman00:43:31
respectfully, we give it to the woman, and that means the pen00:43:33
would give way to transport this00:43:35
is called what is this what is the name of00:43:36
knightly gallantry because00:43:38
they came up with ben and then00:43:39
because in the Middle Ages women are generally00:43:42
surprised to discover but it turns out to be a00:43:43
man because before it was00:43:46
extremely not obvious that’s how it was on the day and00:43:49
obvious for all the harsh brutal00:43:51
patriarchy of the Middle Ages a woman00:43:53
has social functions that are clearly00:43:56
expressed externally to that woman, she also00:43:59
owes service to which man, and since00:44:01
they are equally obliged to serve, it means they are00:44:04
completely equal within the framework of this00:44:06
very service because a woman00:44:07
serves, yes, of course, for her mother, if she00:44:10
finds herself alone on the farm, this is when00:44:13
instead husband to be the mistress of the castle there, the kingdom of the00:44:18
devil and the girls are hurricanes in the Middle00:44:22
Ages, so00:44:24
from time to time Ashita’s hair00:44:26
moves, that’s why we are not all in the00:44:31
general family, including the Middle Ages,00:44:34
which in filmed form has not gone anywhere,00:44:35
of course, and exists to this day, I’m00:44:39
sure having absorbed into itself something positive00:44:42
constructive that was created then00:44:43
by the way this moment the film00:44:46
shows very well here is the library that00:44:49
takes place this is an excellent metaphor for00:44:51
uber because hot, in my opinion, it is00:44:54
open and visually beautiful, and here00:44:57
the preservation of00:44:58
knowledge, that is, they could not comprehend it then,00:45:01
of course,00:45:03
but they will preserve and distribute it, here it00:45:06
is, a library labyrinth, this is an amazing00:45:08
metaphor for how humanity, at00:45:12
least in its medieval00:45:14
ecumene, made its way through knowledge for well.00:45:18
there is to go through a labyrinth that is filled with00:45:21
books and not find a way out of there, suddenly somehow00:45:23
almost happened to the heroes then with the00:45:25
father and advice gel to you and even what a00:45:28
cool metaphor in general for the fact that you00:45:30
got into a serious logical problem00:45:32
somewhat and unravel it thanks00:45:34
subscribe to our channel and leave00:45:36
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[music]Description:
У Клима Жукова появился Телеграм-канал! https://t.me/uzhukova Клим Жуков и Кристина Егорова обсуждают исторический фильм Жан-Жака Анно "Имя розы" (1986). 1327 год. В обществе молодого послушника Адсо францисканский монах Вильям Баскервильский расследует серию трагических смертей монахов в бенедиктинском монастыре на севере Италии. Имя розы / Name of the Rose / The Nom De La Rose / Le Nome della rosa (1986) Режиссер: Жан-Жак Анно Производство: Франция, Италия, ФРГ Жанр: детектив, драма, исторический фильм, криминальный фильм, триллер, экранизация В ролях: Шон Коннери, Кристиан Слэйтер, Мишель Лонсдейл, Илья Баскин, Хельмут Квалтингер и др. Подробнее на Кино-Театр.РУ https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/euro/9968/annot/ «Деконструкция» – новая программа сайта kino-teatr.ru и телеканала «Продвижение». Ведущие историки России совместно с модельером и художником по костюмам Кристиной Егоровой разбирают исторические фильмы с точки зрения историчности и адекватности! Герой ближайших выпусков – историк и писатель Клим Жуков! Телеканал «Продвижение»: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBBC4PUU5SU9OF_hIyZ7TWQ Сайт Кино-Театр.ру https://www.kino-teatr.ru/
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