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0:00

Первые цели JAMES WEBB

0:46

Планета 55 CANCRI E

3:55

Планета LHS 3844 B

5:32

Нейросеть распознаёт космические объекты

10:16

Метеорит ударил по Джеймс Вэбб

11:35

Рогозин и «Спектр-РГ»

13:47

Звёзды крадут планеты

17:10

Девятая планета Солнечной системы

18:01

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20:33

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25:03

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Channel: Психология Отношений

#сурдин

#сурдин лекция

#владимир сурдин

#астроном сурдин

#сурдин новое

#jameswebb

#james webb

#вэбб

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#джеймс уэбб

#рогозин

#хаббл

#hubble

#экзопланеты

#бетельгейзе

# спектр рг

#спектр-рг

#qwerty

#а поговорить наука

#а поговорить сурдин

#а поговорить

#шихман наука

#сергей попов

00:00:02

podcast here every Sunday

00:00:04

astronomer Vladimir Surdin talks

00:00:06

about all the most interesting things that are

00:00:08

not on earth today we will discuss the most

00:00:11

current news in the study of the universe

00:00:13

hello Vladimir Georgich good

00:00:16

afternoon friends let's talk about the

00:00:18

latest scientific news in astronomy there are

00:00:20

usually a lot of them but we in

00:00:22

my opinion, we chose the most interesting ones, of course,

00:00:26

we have all been talking lately about the start of

00:00:27

operation of the James telescope, it is a giant

00:00:30

space telescope and it is

00:00:32

almost ready for work, what are the

00:00:34

first goals chosen for it, but probably the

00:00:38

most exciting thing is the study of

00:00:40

exoplanets, or rather those of them that are

00:00:43

more or less similar to the earth, so the

00:00:46

first two goals have already been chosen, the first is

00:00:49

55 Cancer and that is, the 55 star of the constellation

00:00:54

Cancer it has five planets and from the planet it

00:00:58

seemed the most interesting what is its

00:01:00

feature is that it is over the earth, that is, it is

00:01:03

twice as large as the earth, almost 10 times

00:01:06

more massive, but in general it is not very

00:01:08

different from our planet, not like

00:01:10

Jupiter and Saturn, I probably have

00:01:13

an atmosphere, that is, for sure there should

00:01:16

be only what kind of atmosphere it is, the thing is that the

00:01:19

planet rotates very close

00:01:23

to its star,

00:01:24

its orbital period is less day on earth

00:01:27

guys imagine 18 hours lasts

00:01:32

a year on this planet it runs around

00:01:35

its star in less than a day

00:01:37

imagine how close it is to its

00:01:39

star it is literally in the

00:01:42

glasses but naturally the star

00:01:44

would heat up the temperature several thousand

00:01:46

degrees while the stone melts the

00:01:48

mineral melts they rise into the

00:01:52

atmosphere as vapors and in fact the atmosphere there should

00:01:55

consist of mineral vapors there, not

00:01:58

molten, they cool down as it

00:02:00

should be. The upper layers of the atmosphere

00:02:02

form clouds and then it rains from these clouds,

00:02:05

but what kind of rain is mineral

00:02:08

rain stones fall to the surface

00:02:11

they heat up again and seem to evaporate again if

00:02:14

everything were clear, close to the star, it means it

00:02:16

must be in the process of gravitational

00:02:19

capture, well, that is, just as our moon

00:02:23

revolves around the earth all the time showing

00:02:25

us one of its hemispheres, probably the same way this

00:02:28

planet must, under the influence of the tide,

00:02:30

constantly orient one of its

00:02:32

sides on one hemisphere a day on the

00:02:35

other eternal night, but it turned out that there are

00:02:37

doubts about this, which is why the

00:02:39

James Web telescope should look at it first of all,

00:02:41

and doubts arose

00:02:44

because the previous infrared

00:02:47

telescope, Spitzer, noticed a strange thing: the

00:02:50

hottest point on this planet does not

00:02:53

coincide with the direction of the star, well,

00:02:56

it would seem where it heats from the star is there

00:02:59

and the planets should be hot no.

00:03:01

lies a little to the side from this

00:03:03

direction, or the planet rotates and

00:03:07

drags its warmest place

00:03:10

closer to sunset to the western part of

00:03:14

the hemisphere, well, which one we have, you know, to the

00:03:16

sun is already at the horizon during the day, the

00:03:18

warmest afternoon heat should

00:03:21

be either way, or there the atmosphere moves

00:03:26

around the planet in such a way that carries heat in one

00:03:28

direction it is somewhat reminiscent of our

00:03:30

Venus it also has an atmosphere much

00:03:33

faster than the planet itself Venus almost does not

00:03:35

rotate the atmosphere quickly transfers

00:03:38

heat in four days orbits the

00:03:40

planet here is 1 of 2 and telescope James

00:03:43

Web should find out what

00:03:45

the atmosphere is like there moves and how the

00:03:48

planet itself moves, what kind of rains

00:03:50

come there from stones, this is of course also

00:03:53

interesting, and now I’ll look at the second planet

00:03:56

when it’s called el s s 38 44

00:04:01

it’s practically a copy of Venus, I would say

00:04:05

it’s like the earth or like Venus, that

00:04:09

is, it’s located from its star at

00:04:11

such a distance where the temperature on the

00:04:14

surface of this planet provided by its

00:04:17

star is the same as the temperature on

00:04:20

Venus provided by our sun but the

00:04:23

planet is almost a copy of the earth that is,

00:04:25

machado that this planet will be a copy of

00:04:28

Venus the temperature on the surface of this

00:04:30

planet is 800 kelvins about 500 degrees

00:04:34

Celsius Well, this is the same as the

00:04:37

hellish temperature on Venus, but as you and I

00:04:40

already know, neither excluding life

00:04:44

is true, not on the surface of the planet, but in the

00:04:46

upper layers of the atmosphere, we talked about the

00:04:49

fact that on Venus’s upper layers and

00:04:51

atmosphere in the clouds, hints of

00:04:55

Venusian life were found, so maybe

00:04:58

on this planet in the upper layers of

00:04:59

the atmosphere the

00:05:00

conditions are also roomy and may be

00:05:04

quite

00:05:06

prosperous for earth-type life;

00:05:08

we will wait for results from James

00:05:11

Webb; we will talk in more detail about other scientific

00:05:14

instruments and other purposes for observing the

00:05:17

James Web telescope; we will talk in

00:05:20

one of the following podcasts;

00:05:22

unearthly podcast here every week

00:05:26

new episodes with Vladimir and Vodyanoy

00:05:29

even the aliens have already checked out and you a

00:05:33

space object in

00:05:34

telescope images will be recognized by a neural network,

00:05:37

this is what happens, astronomers will

00:05:39

no longer be needed, well, again the computer

00:05:42

starts kicking astronomers out of the

00:05:44

workplace, no, of course, who trained The

00:05:47

thing with this computer is that once upon a time only

00:05:50

a person could determine with his eye, by looking

00:05:53

at this small foggy speck in

00:05:55

the image of the sky, what a

00:05:57

nebula is, for example, a planetary

00:05:59

nebula, there is an aged star, or

00:06:02

it is a distant galaxy or a quasar, that

00:06:04

is, a bright and different tekke we are

00:06:07

used to admire the magnificent

00:06:10

photographs of spiral galaxies

00:06:12

obtained by the Hubble telescope, but believe me,

00:06:15

most of the images of galaxies are

00:06:18

not like that at all; they are distant, very blurry

00:06:21

specks that are generally difficult to understand;

00:06:23

maybe it’s a star that

00:06:26

is depicted so poorly in the sky in the photo;

00:06:29

maybe it’s some distant planet

00:06:31

or an asteroid flashed in the field viewing a

00:06:34

telescope with one layer is quite a

00:06:36

serious job,

00:06:38

and when new telescopes appeared that gave a

00:06:41

large flow of information, they realized

00:06:43

that they alone could not cope, and then a

00:06:47

whole astronomical

00:06:49

community of volunteers was involved and called for this

00:06:53

work, in my opinion, this program

00:06:55

was called bone itch, that is, a zoo of

00:06:57

space objects and we then called on

00:07:00

all amateur astronomers, there are many

00:07:02

more of them than professionals, to help us in

00:07:05

this defecation in the classification of these

00:07:07

objects, and hundreds of qualified

00:07:10

astronomy amateurs around the world

00:07:12

have been engaged in this task for several years, but

00:07:15

now they cannot cope; now the

00:07:17

new generation telescopes provide such a

00:07:19

flow of information that

00:07:21

only We taught it to the computer, we

00:07:24

showed it how typical

00:07:27

galactic objects should look like, planetary nebulae,

00:07:29

emission nebulae, and so on, but

00:07:32

the computer also seems to be slowly learning

00:07:34

this, otherwise the program with which we are

00:07:37

looking for what to eat is now talking and I

00:07:39

Spanish astronomers do it I did it

00:07:42

with an eye to the future

00:07:44

2023 the fact is that then the

00:07:48

new Euclidean telescope will fly into space on the twenty-third

00:07:51

and it was tasked with taking photographs;

00:07:55

huge flows of information were not dropped to the ground,

00:07:57

large photographs of the sky and

00:08:01

of course not a person, not even with the help of

00:08:03

volunteers, not

00:08:05

professionals not amateurs, but only a

00:08:07

computer trained in this work, but in the

00:08:11

end, of course, people will complete this work by

00:08:13

stroking them while looking at the

00:08:16

computer screen with their professional

00:08:18

eyes.

00:08:20

Now space objects in

00:08:22

telescope images are recognized by neural networks;

00:08:24

neural networks are developed and trained by

00:08:26

data specialists with one of whom

00:08:29

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increasing in 2021, the growth was

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00:08:50

data so in this you are now needed in almost

00:08:53

all industries from banks to e-sports

00:08:55

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00:08:58

cinema the salary of data source specialists

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00:10:16

friends, when we were preparing this issue,

00:10:17

another Nov came, connected with the

00:10:20

James telescope, not the most pleasant

00:10:22

news, a meteorite hit the

00:10:26

telescope mirror, to be honest, I didn’t imagine

00:10:28

that it would happen so early, a meteorite

00:10:31

attack is a rare phenomenon in astronautics but

00:10:33

nevertheless, the new telescope was tested and the

00:10:36

fact is that we are used to seeing

00:10:38

telescopes in the form of a tube, but James Webb

00:10:41

does not have a tube, unlike the Hubble telescope, and

00:10:45

it turns out that this is important: being far from

00:10:48

the earth, the telescope is subject to more frequent

00:10:51

meteorite impacts than close to the earth our

00:10:54

planet covers approximately half the

00:10:56

sky from any low-flying

00:10:59

spacecraft, generally speaking,

00:11:01

in the first days of working in both there were nectar

00:11:04

meteorite impacts but could not

00:11:07

damage the telescope in any way, however, at the end of May

00:11:09

there was a more powerful impact that

00:11:12

slightly moved one of the parts of the

00:11:15

telescope mirror, of course each part

00:11:18

was controlled by individual engineers quickly

00:11:21

we returned it to its original state, but we must

00:11:24

be prepared for the fact that a meteorite strike

00:11:26

will attack the new telescope, I hope it will

00:11:29

not render it inoperative,

00:11:33

we will wait for news,

00:11:34

another news Dmitry Rogozin ordered to

00:11:37

turn on the German telescope at the

00:11:39

observatory spectrum r.g. Is it possible

00:11:42

to restore the operation of the telescope, you

00:11:45

my friends, this is very strange news, I would

00:11:48

say very sad if it happens, the

00:11:51

fact is that the device was launched by our

00:11:54

rocket, but the

00:11:57

X-ray gamma space observatory itself is a joint

00:11:59

production of Russian and German

00:12:01

scientists and the main observation

00:12:04

instrument is the German X-ray

00:12:06

telescope quite soft range, so

00:12:09

softer than the small

00:12:11

telescope that stands on the Russian side,

00:12:14

placed there and German colleagues

00:12:16

turned it off a few months ago, you

00:12:20

know the reason why this happened

00:12:22

and

00:12:23

Rogozin is going to turn it on, contrary to the opinion of

00:12:28

nemez in his colleagues, so our

00:12:31

scientists very

00:12:34

hard

00:12:35

found out about this news and spoke out

00:12:38

quite definitely, Academician Green, the

00:12:41

former director of the Institute for Space

00:12:42

Research, and now he heads

00:12:46

our space program

00:12:47

in pursuit of the moon, said that this is very

00:12:52

unpleasant news, that this cannot be

00:12:54

done, and for purely moral

00:12:57

reasons, if colleagues decided something,

00:12:59

it’s their instrument they we have the right to

00:13:02

do this and for technical reasons we

00:13:05

may break something there, I will try to

00:13:07

turn it on contrary to the German wishes, and the most

00:13:10

important thing is that even if it turns on

00:13:13

and starts getting results,

00:13:16

the publication of scientific articles with these

00:13:18

results will not be accepted by more than one

00:13:21

self-respecting international scientific journal, you

00:13:24

understand why because this was done

00:13:26

without the consent of the copyright holder of this

00:13:30

instrument in a word, I advise those

00:13:33

who are going to turn on the X-ray

00:13:36

telescope not to do this, wait until

00:13:39

our mutual good relations with our

00:13:42

German colleagues are restored and

00:13:44

then calmly continue observing,

00:13:47

astronomers have found out that stars steal

00:13:50

planets from each other and how this happens

00:13:52

these crimes are Russia, this is a

00:13:56

crime, I would say this is a gift,

00:13:58

one star gives part of its planets to

00:14:01

another star, a very noble gesture on

00:14:04

the part, but to be honest, they never

00:14:07

doubted it, just once again the

00:14:09

mathematical model confirmed that this is

00:14:11

possible, that’s the thing,

00:14:13

stars almost never are not born

00:14:17

alone, they are always born

00:14:18

collectively in the form of such very dense

00:14:21

star clusters in the depths of very

00:14:24

dense giant what we call

00:14:27

molecular clouds of interstellar gas,

00:14:29

they are born there from interstellar gas

00:14:32

next to the stars, their planets are born

00:14:34

then, and the heat of the stars accelerates their radiation from their

00:14:39

stellar wind the remnants of the gas from

00:14:42

which all this was born when the gas

00:14:45

leaves the place of formation of stars,

00:14:47

stars, as a rule, also leave their

00:14:50

maternity hospital because they

00:14:51

moved quickly there, the gas left gravity

00:14:54

weakened and the rapid movement of stars led

00:14:57

to the fact that they fly out from their place

00:15:00

of formation and live separately

00:15:03

our sun was once born in such a

00:15:05

heap of stars similar to it, and then he

00:15:08

left this heap from his planetary system

00:15:10

and today in the galaxy he lives his own life,

00:15:12

flies in his own orbit, but during the period

00:15:16

when they still lived together, the

00:15:17

stars of the young star cluster

00:15:20

quite often came closer and

00:15:23

their gravity could disrupt the movement of

00:15:26

planets from neighboring stars or even

00:15:28

tear them off or

00:15:31

send them into free flight, and we

00:15:33

call this what kind of

00:15:36

rogue planets as they are sometimes called free-

00:15:39

flying planets flies such a planet

00:15:42

approaches another star and the other

00:15:44

star with its gravity and captures

00:15:46

or exchange planets and there are hints

00:15:50

about this from my husband today, so

00:15:54

today we are recording this podcast and on

00:15:57

June 9 I looked in the catalog of exoplanets and how

00:16:00

many of them have been discovered, five thousand 77

00:16:03

exoplanets, and so some planetary

00:16:07

systems outside the solar planet

00:16:09

move very strangely, I’ll remind you in

00:16:12

our solar system in the system all the

00:16:14

planets move in the same plane and we

00:16:17

understand why they were born from one

00:16:19

rotating gas cloud of a flat

00:16:22

pancake and back naturally their orbits

00:16:25

lie in the same plane but some

00:16:27

stars have planets that fly in a completely

00:16:30

incredible way, they

00:16:33

have different shapes at different angles orbits and this

00:16:36

suggests that some neighboring

00:16:38

star

00:16:39

prevented the planets from remaining in the same

00:16:42

plane, transferred them to some

00:16:44

strange orbit, maybe gave

00:16:47

another star its planet, and of course

00:16:49

it could have given it

00:16:51

any orbit and the planets can rotate

00:16:53

differently than the star itself

00:16:55

its native planets in a word, this

00:16:58

is the variety of planetary orbits, the street

00:17:01

of planets suggests that during the period

00:17:03

of youth, a very close approach of

00:17:05

neighboring stars transferred the planets from

00:17:08

orbit to orbit, and let us remind you that

00:17:11

in our solar system there is a

00:17:13

suspicion of the existence of a ninth

00:17:16

planet; we know approximately its orbit

00:17:19

it is very strange, it passes far from the

00:17:21

sun, how could a

00:17:23

planet have formed there, and so it

00:17:26

could not have formed, but could have been

00:17:29

captured from a neighboring star, that is,

00:17:31

our sun can also be stolen, appropriated by

00:17:34

someone else’s planet, it

00:17:36

could well have been, or it could have been given to someone

00:17:39

-the planets and we today

00:17:41

are missing them in

00:17:42

one word in the period of youth such

00:17:45

perturbations the interaction of disruption of

00:17:49

such a simple movement of planets most

00:17:52

likely was a common occurrence and in the world of

00:17:54

young stars models show this

00:17:57

observation confirms this and we

00:17:59

naturally believe the stars of distant

00:18:02

galaxies turned out to be more massive than the stars of

00:18:05

ours Milky Way and our closest

00:18:07

neighbors,

00:18:08

we can guess why this is so,

00:18:11

but this news did not suit things a little,

00:18:14

but in our galaxy in

00:18:18

its different places, we are quite good

00:18:21

at counting the number of stars of different

00:18:23

masses, small mediocre ones such as the

00:18:25

sun and very massive ones, and it turns out in

00:18:28

nature, somehow in different places of the

00:18:32

galaxy, at least our star

00:18:35

is formed with the same

00:18:38

distribution of mass, we call this

00:18:40

function of the bridge, how many are large,

00:18:42

how many are medium and how many are small,

00:18:44

generally speaking, it’s strange, it

00:18:47

seems that the stars are made

00:18:49

at some point then factories in a very similar

00:18:51

way, but on the same machine, they print

00:18:55

so many small ones, so many large ones,

00:18:57

and nothing else, what physical process

00:19:00

controls this distribution of stars by

00:19:03

mass, to be honest, we don’t know, this is a

00:19:06

very strange process, I’ll even tell you

00:19:08

such a thing,

00:19:10

this is a process in general universal and

00:19:14

asteroids in the solar system are also

00:19:16

distributed by mass and

00:19:19

we observe even stranger things, for example, if

00:19:22

you take a large block of stone and hit the

00:19:25

ground so that it crumbles into

00:19:27

fragments and then count how many

00:19:29

small how many medium and how many

00:19:31

large fragments you get the

00:19:34

same thing mass distribution similar to that

00:19:37

of stars, what can

00:19:40

fragments of stones and stars in space have in common, one

00:19:44

such universal function, mass, is not

00:19:46

observed, well, as it turned out, it is not

00:19:48

entirely universal the further away

00:19:50

the galaxy is from us, that is, the

00:19:53

younger it is than the more distant it is in the past,

00:19:56

we observe that the

00:20:00

number of massive stars begins to slightly outweigh the number of massive stars

00:20:02

in relation to the less massive ones, to be

00:20:05

honest, the reason for this is not entirely clear,

00:20:08

it still needs to be investigated why this

00:20:11

uniformity is broken with the epoch,

00:20:15

distant distant galaxies, we see

00:20:18

earlier epochs of life in the universe

00:20:20

closer to us galaxies we see today

00:20:23

and this systematic difference in the

00:20:26

distribution of stars by mass

00:20:28

is observed, but what controls this

00:20:30

process we have not yet understood,

00:20:32

astronomers have found 116 thousand new

00:20:36

variable stars, how did they do it, why do

00:20:40

we need variable stars, you don’t know,

00:20:42

of course you know, but imagine a

00:20:45

person who is standing next to you and

00:20:47

silently looks at you a lot, you learn about him

00:20:49

to almost nothing if a person

00:20:53

starts chatting about something in

00:20:55

their dialogue with you, that is, it changes, then

00:20:58

you get to know his personal life, his

00:21:01

passions, that is, you know this

00:21:04

person more than approx. also the story with

00:21:06

stars, stars of constant brightness, well,

00:21:10

like our sun from afar, they look

00:21:12

very monotonous honey, it shines and that’s all, but

00:21:15

if the star changes, if the brightness and

00:21:18

changes, if it systematically

00:21:20

changes periodically, then there’s a lot and

00:21:22

we don’t know, for example, is it one star or 2 and

00:21:26

they change from time to time over time they eclipse each

00:21:28

other, this star begins to oscillate at

00:21:30

some periods of its life and then we

00:21:32

understand how it is structured inside if

00:21:35

it has dark spots like the sun and

00:21:38

it rotates then we understand how its

00:21:40

surface looks and so on

00:21:42

variable stars are a very important thing in

00:21:45

countries how we discovered them before, I’ll

00:21:48

tell you slowly and difficultly, we

00:21:52

photographed the sky, then we took these

00:21:54

astra negatives, that is, glass

00:21:56

plates,

00:21:58

took a magnifying glass and

00:22:01

looked at these plates and looked for the

00:22:05

variability of the brightness of the star on one

00:22:08

plate on another plate on one

00:22:10

another on one another yeah changing

00:22:13

yesterday it was like this today such a hurray

00:22:15

we discovered a variable star believe me I was

00:22:18

doing this and my colleagues were

00:22:20

doing it it was difficult and tedious

00:22:22

work today this work is performed by a

00:22:25

computer connected with telescopes robots

00:22:29

what we are talking about

00:22:32

now this is such news There is a

00:22:34

system of

00:22:36

robot telescopes scattered all over the globe, they monitor the entire

00:22:39

sky, continuously photograph it, the

00:22:42

computer collects this data and, based on the

00:22:44

difference in the brightness of the stars on the

00:22:47

same frames, that is, photographs

00:22:49

obtained electronically,

00:22:51

compares the brightness of the stars; moreover,

00:22:54

the computer was able to teach how the

00:22:58

forest changes stars of different types have an

00:23:01

eclipse, is this system that is, how two

00:23:03

stars cover each other from time to time

00:23:05

or is it pulsating, no

00:23:08

type of it, and the computer begins to discover so many

00:23:12

variable stars that now we do

00:23:14

n’t know what to do with them, the thing is

00:23:16

that at the institute where they work

00:23:18

the government The Sternberg Astronomical Institute at

00:23:19

Moscow University

00:23:22

has an amazing department, a department for

00:23:25

the study of variable stars, once

00:23:28

about half a century ago, the

00:23:31

astronomical world is the astronomical

00:23:34

world, in the form of the international

00:23:35

astronomical society,

00:23:37

gave us the right and responsibility to monitor

00:23:41

all variable stars and

00:23:43

maintain a general catalog of variable

00:23:45

stars once in it there were ten thousand

00:23:48

variable stars, we were proud of it, then

00:23:50

it became 30 thousand variable stars and we were

00:23:52

very proud of it, and now

00:23:55

a computer with automatic telescopes

00:23:58

100 thousand variable stars in a couple of years

00:24:00

discovers what to do with them, it would seem that

00:24:03

we need to put them all in a catalog no,

00:24:07

the work of man begins the computer is

00:24:10

trained, this is good, but it can make a mistake,

00:24:14

and now we take our paw again,

00:24:18

look at the computer screen again, or without a

00:24:21

magnifying glass, look at the computer screen and

00:24:23

carefully examine each of the hundred

00:24:26

thousand newly discovered variable stars,

00:24:29

several employees of the

00:24:31

variable stars department at our institute are doing this, and

00:24:33

while they will not give their go-ahead until they

00:24:36

definitely establish the vulnerabilities of this variability,

00:24:39

it could be a supernova explosion, it

00:24:42

could be Sophia Do, which allows

00:24:44

us to determine the distance to galaxies,

00:24:46

these are very important things, but the computer

00:24:49

does only a semi-finished work, and a

00:24:52

person completes this work and

00:24:55

presents it to the scientific community in

00:24:58

full brilliance and absolute reliability,

00:25:00

this is how modern astronomy works,

00:25:03

Chinese astronomers proposed a project for an

00:25:06

observatory that will search for earth,

00:25:08

similar measures in how they will search for a

00:25:11

new earth, Chinese countries from this,

00:25:14

all Chinese science today is

00:25:16

developing rapidly and our Chinese colleagues do not

00:25:19

want to lag behind the most advanced countries

00:25:22

engaged studying space, they conceived

00:25:25

a new astra metric telescope

00:25:27

astrometry is the science of measuring the

00:25:30

exact position of objects on it, the

00:25:33

higher the accuracy, the more interesting

00:25:35

results we get several years

00:25:37

ago, the Gaia space observatory was launched into an orbit far from the earth,

00:25:40

one and a half million kilometers at the

00:25:42

Lagrange point l2.

00:25:45

also in the country, the 3rd

00:25:48

most modern system with two

00:25:50

telescopes, which is measured with an accuracy

00:25:53

of several tens of micro arc

00:25:56

seconds, this is very small, small

00:26:00

size, very small value, I can

00:26:03

roughly show what it is, I have a

00:26:05

ten-ruble coin in my hands,

00:26:08

if you take it 4 kilometers from us and

00:26:14

look, you will see its diameter at an

00:26:18

angle of one arc second, and now

00:26:21

divide this by another million and you will get

00:26:24

one millionth of an arc second, but

00:26:27

this means a coin at a distance of 4

00:26:30

million kilometers from you, much

00:26:33

further than the lunar one, well, 10 times farther than the moon, can

00:26:37

you imagine what angle this is so the guy

00:26:40

that is working now measures up to

00:26:43

several tens

00:26:44

of microseconds, and the Chinese new astra

00:26:48

metric satellite telescope should

00:26:50

measure with an accuracy of one millionth of an

00:26:53

arc second, if this can be

00:26:57

done then at the nearest stars, and

00:27:00

Chinese astronomers don’t want to work far away,

00:27:02

they want the next ten pairs of

00:27:05

sets that is, about 33 light years,

00:27:08

this region in which about 100

00:27:10

stars similar to the sun is studied in such

00:27:13

detail that the small movements of the stars

00:27:16

can tell us what planets are

00:27:19

circling next to them. When a planet

00:27:21

revolves around a star, the star also

00:27:23

moves a little relative to

00:27:26

its center of mass and this one. the planets

00:27:30

rotate very weakly and moves, but

00:27:32

the accuracy of the measurements will make it possible to make a

00:27:35

wonderful idea, a very

00:27:38

modern project, but they haven’t given money for

00:27:41

it yet, so far only scientists

00:27:44

are proposing it, and the administration

00:27:47

is thinking about starting to finance this project

00:27:50

or not, but if they start, I’m sure the Chinese

00:27:53

quickly know how to build such things through

00:27:56

a few years after the start of

00:27:57

funding, the device will be in

00:27:59

orbit in the same place at the Lagrange point il-2 where

00:28:02

Guy works, there the two of them will be able to

00:28:05

much more accurately measure the position and

00:28:08

movement of stars media satellite accidentally

00:28:11

saw the decay of the star Betelgeuse,

00:28:14

how it happened and what we learned about the

00:28:17

mysterious decay of the supergiant a

00:28:19

amazingly interesting news, I’m just

00:28:22

delighted with it and once again I want to tell you

00:28:26

guys, learn basic astronomy,

00:28:30

Japanese researchers just beautifully

00:28:32

used their knowledge of the most

00:28:35

basic countries, that’s what it’s all about,

00:28:38

betelgeuse and death, a giant star located not far from us, a

00:28:43

red supergiant, and we can’t

00:28:46

wait until it will explode like a

00:28:47

supernova, but maybe in 10,000 years

00:28:49

it will explode, but then in 2019 it suddenly

00:28:53

began to darken very quickly and very

00:28:56

much, doubling its brightness, we

00:28:59

thought it all started now it will explode no, in the

00:29:02

twentieth year its brightness was restored,

00:29:05

what was it, why is this red

00:29:07

supergiant and it is big almost the size

00:29:10

of our solar system, it suddenly darkened,

00:29:12

then returned to its original

00:29:14

brightness. We needed data. The star is

00:29:18

quite cold, it emits

00:29:20

mainly infrared light, and from the

00:29:23

surface of the earth, our telescopes standing

00:29:25

on the ground do not see it or see it very poorly

00:29:28

through the atmosphere;

00:29:30

infrared space telescopes at

00:29:32

this time period, almost no work was done in general,

00:29:36

there was very little data on the infrared radiation of Betelgeuse,

00:29:39

this and Japanese colleagues remembered that

00:29:46

weather satellites orbit around the earth, well, satellites that control the

00:29:49

appearance of our planet, this

00:29:52

planet, but the earth, they look at it all the time

00:29:55

all the time they photograph where

00:29:58

they are moving they turn to the matter

00:30:01

stationary orbit is an orbit lying in the

00:30:05

plane of the earth's equator and in this

00:30:09

orbit the satellite rotates with a period of 24 hours

00:30:12

and the earth rotates with the same period

00:30:15

with a period of 24 hours so

00:30:18

the satellite always sees one hemisphere of

00:30:20

the earth for example the day side and all the

00:30:24

time he takes photographs to see

00:30:27

how the clouds are moving, where the wind is blowing,

00:30:28

what is going on in the ocean, a normal

00:30:31

satellite turned out that the coordinates of

00:30:35

Betelgeuse are plus 7 half degrees from the

00:30:39

celestial equator, this is called

00:30:42

declination and he said the teacher of

00:30:44

elementary astronomy when the media

00:30:47

satellite looks at the earth it captures the

00:30:50

band from the heavens from the earth, which is also the

00:30:53

celestial equator, plus or minus example 9

00:30:56

degrees a better Gacy at a distance of

00:30:59

seven and a half, that is, it is

00:31:03

covered with earth every day they pass behind the earth in

00:31:06

the sky, which means this satellite

00:31:09

takes pictures of betelgeuse every day somewhere near the

00:31:12

earth the globe does not occupy the entire field

00:31:15

of view of this telescope

00:31:17

located on the satellite, the field of view is

00:31:21

a little larger and betelgeuse

00:31:22

enters there, then passes behind the earth and appears behind

00:31:25

another on the other side of the globe,

00:31:27

which means that every day in

00:31:29

the photographs of this satellite we see

00:31:32

twice we see betelgeuse and collected this

00:31:35

data and their it turned out to be several hundred

00:31:38

very reliably good measurements and

00:31:40

quite accurately established the reason for the

00:31:43

change in the brightness of Betelgeuse, apparently at the

00:31:47

same time a

00:31:49

dark spot appeared on the surface of Betelgeuse, but

00:31:52

black spots on the sun also appear, but

00:31:54

on Betelgeuse they are huge; they are

00:31:56

half the size of the star itself and in the

00:31:59

same period from its gas was ejected from the surface,

00:32:02

which, having moved away from the planet, cooled

00:32:04

and turned into a cloud of dust of small

00:32:07

solid particles, they also covered

00:32:11

betelgeuse from us and made it a little

00:32:13

dimmer than it was before, and

00:32:16

then the dust dissipated, the spot disappeared and

00:32:18

betelgeuse stopped its original

00:32:20

brightness, just like that, surprisingly unexpectedly for

00:32:24

us, the weather satellite helped astronomers

00:32:27

clarify the behavior of the star it was

00:32:30

unearthly podcasts astronomer vladimir is

00:32:32

destined to learn with us a new universe

00:32:35

every sunday thank you vladimirovich

00:32:38

all the best friends

00:32:40

so as not to miss new stories

00:32:42

vladimir condemned in space subscribe

00:32:45

to the unearthly podcast and ring

00:32:46

the bell let's find each other in

00:32:49

space vacuum

Description:

Астроном Владимир Сурдин новая лекция: метеорит разрушил телескоп «Джеймс Уэбб»? 🔥Начните карьеру в Data Science сейчас: https://clc.to/YGAqJg Получите скидку 45% на обучение по промокоду NEZEMNOY 00:00 - Первые цели JAMES WEBB 00:46 - Планета 55 CANCRI E 03:55 - Планета LHS 3844 B 05:32 - Нейросеть распознаёт космические объекты 10:16 - Метеорит ударил по Джеймс Вэбб 11:35 - Рогозин и «Спектр-РГ» 13:47 - Звёзды крадут планеты 17:10 - Девятая планета Солнечной системы 18:01 - Звездам далёких Галактик больше, чем нашим 20:33 - 116 тыс. переменных звёзд 25:03 - Китайцы ищут новую Землю 28:10 - Открыта тайна затухания Бетельгейзе

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