Download "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!"
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi%252F3KG3F3LcFBo%252Fmaxresdefault.jpg&w=1139&q=75)
Similar videos from our catalog
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FCQ78Xqgjop0%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FCV1DcwrhyLA%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FNPjCwXyvTG8%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi%252FO1IWxiyOzO0%252Fhqdefault.jpg&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi%252Ft7CkHnfYao0%252Fmaxresdefault.jpg&w=1139&q=75)
Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:02
So between the drain and the source00:00:06
there is nothing00:00:07
but for me to trigger the mofe00:00:10
I need a vgs voltage between the00:00:12
gate and the source here I trigger it00:00:15
and now it did trigger the are you looking at00:00:19
with a digital multimeter like this00:00:21
conventional one we will be able to measure an00:00:23
infinite number of components such00:00:25
as resistors a00:00:28
rectifier diode a zener diode an LED diode00:00:32
medium and high power transistors00:00:34
such as tip 41c darlington transistors00:00:38
such as tip 12500:00:40
transistors this double00:00:43
barrier rectifier diode Well, also00:00:45
measure medium power paths00:00:47
pnp or npn or even scrs and the most00:00:53
important thing is00:00:55
mosfet channel no.00:01:11
what00:01:13
I have told you in the previous part So if you00:01:14
really want to learn electronics at another level00:01:16
with basic electronics00:01:19
Stay until the end of the video with00:01:21
this impressive homemade tool00:01:24
So let's start well let's start00:01:27
this interesting video00:01:29
by diagramming a very00:01:33
useful tool for your electronics workshop00:01:35
for your laboratory if you have a multimeter00:01:38
this tool It is an00:01:40
ideal tool as a complement and even00:01:43
better if you do not have a multimeter Don't00:01:45
worry with this tool you will be00:01:47
able to measure from a small00:01:48
resistance continuity diodes00:01:53
LED diodes transistors bjt transistors00:01:57
mosfet transistors igvts00:02:00
scr triac Dalton transistors and many00:02:04
more things with just the00:02:07
basic and necessary knowledge of00:02:10
conventional electronics that we already know and that00:02:12
we have reviewed for a long time here on my00:02:13
YouTube channel Ok, let's start00:02:15
then right now by diagramming00:02:18
freehand with a pencil and rule as I00:02:21
always do each of my videos00:02:24
a very simple circuit a subject with00:02:27
few components and that has been optimized00:02:29
for you for that person who is just00:02:32
starting out in electronics or for00:02:33
any other person who has many00:02:35
years of electronics How to complement in00:02:37
the help of your repairs or your00:02:41
technical life Ok, let's start then00:02:42
by pouring out the circuit and00:02:45
for this we are going to place here in the00:02:47
first part in the center, it00:02:49
is really a very simple circuit, we are going to00:02:51
place the power supply for our00:02:53
power supply. I am going to use a voltage00:02:56
between 3.7 volts to 5 volts DC, that00:03:02
is, this circuit can be powered00:03:03
with a 5-volt cell phone charger00:03:06
or even with a battery or a00:03:09
Lion battery, an 18 650 or even with a00:03:13
3.7 to 4.2 lipo battery. In my case I00:03:17
am going to use this one here, the00:03:20
widely used 18650 that allows me to00:03:22
deliver between 3.7 and 4.2 A maximum load00:03:26
ok00:03:28
between 3.7 to 5 volts DC the power00:03:33
here I have the power This is the00:03:34
voltage the most positive part after00:03:37
that we are going to do it like this00:03:40
in this section in this important part00:03:45
what I am going to do is put a00:03:47
resistor00:03:51
put it like this00:03:56
a resistor that is going to bifurcate two00:03:58
sections the power section00:04:01
of the circuit and the power supply of the00:04:04
output then I am going to explain00:04:06
why it was done So so that they have an00:04:08
element of the same cause, I am already putting it00:04:10
here00:04:13
and here we are going to put a diode,00:04:16
in this case an LED diode,00:04:20
an LED diode that indicates that00:04:23
the power is on and for00:04:26
this we are going to use a connected green LED diode.00:04:30
To the most negative point, that is,00:04:33
to ground,00:04:36
just like this,00:04:38
an LED diode00:04:42
called LED 100:04:46
and I am going to put a green LED diode on it. You00:04:49
can use any color. In my case,00:04:52
I am using a green LED diode.00:04:56
This one here is the resistor R1 and it is00:05:00
a 100 resistor. ohms,00:05:04
to tell the truth, this resistance can00:05:07
be between 100, 110, even 22000:05:12
ohms, depending on whether you work with 500:05:14
volts, you can increase this resistance00:05:16
to 220 ohms. But since we are dealing with00:05:19
a range between 3.7 and 5 volts,00:05:22
a 100 ohm resistor has been added00:05:24
so that work in that Range without any00:05:26
problem that is on the one hand on the other00:05:28
hand we are going to put it here on00:05:32
the right we are going to use a00:05:35
general purpose transistor that we00:05:37
have also used widely here on my00:05:39
YouTube channel an npn transistor we are going to00:05:42
put it on Here is00:05:45
an npn collector transistor,00:05:56
its emitter00:05:59
and its base,00:06:03
an npn traitor. For my case, I am going to use00:06:06
the00:06:08
bc337, which I usually use almost always in my00:06:11
projects. You can use any00:06:12
general-purpose transistor. For00:06:14
example, the bc547, the 2n 3904, in short,00:06:19
any proposed transistor.00:06:21
General The emitter in common emitter a00:06:23
configuration also widely used00:06:25
in many basic electronic projects00:06:28
common emitter and to the base we are going to00:06:32
connect a00:06:34
polarization resistor here00:06:38
a polarization resistor00:06:43
in this case a 10 k resistor r300:06:51
we are using very basic and00:06:53
elementary components components that can be00:06:54
easily obtained, for example, This is00:06:57
a 10k resistor, the entire00:06:59
resistance is a quarter of a watt.00:07:00
Here we are going to connect00:07:03
the most negative point, the ground, and we are going00:07:07
to determine that with this circuit, a00:07:09
very simple and simple circuit with few00:07:12
components. we are going to achieve a00:07:13
splendid tool a great00:07:16
tool goes the redundancy of Great00:07:18
use for your workshop for your00:07:20
laboratory as we are going to explain00:07:21
later in this part of the video here as00:07:25
part of the base resistor we are also00:07:27
going to use another resistor here in00:07:30
this Union another resistance in this case00:07:33
a resistor of one k00:07:40
This is the resistance r200:07:45
of one K all the resistors are00:07:48
resistances of a quarter of watts and We are00:07:50
only going to use three resistors,00:07:52
one of 100 ohms, one of one k and another of00:07:56
10 K, all of them are of a quarter of watts,00:07:59
something interesting to keep in mind is00:08:02
that here00:08:03
the power supply00:08:05
is a power supply, that is, at the00:08:07
most positive point, you already know that this is gnd or00:08:11
ground,00:08:12
Brown is the most negative point, here is00:08:15
the most positive point00:08:17
of the circuit and here what What I'm going to do00:08:20
is connect the test lead. We're not going to00:08:23
take the test lead here.00:08:29
The positive return lead.00:08:34
The positive test lead. On the one00:08:37
hand, that's a pictographic diagram with00:08:40
a schematic diagram along with it, not the00:08:43
collector of this BC37 transistor. We are going to00:08:46
take it to another important component to00:08:49
take into account in this case the00:08:51
boostezer we are going to connect the buser here00:09:04
The crescent00:09:06
no this is the00:09:13
And as I have always told you if we use00:09:15
a voltage of 3.75 volts I am going to use00:09:18
a Bowser of 5 volts or in detail,00:09:21
the buser is an active Booster, it is not a00:09:25
passive Booster, keep in mind that a00:09:28
passive Booster is one that needs00:09:30
to work at 5 volts because it needs a00:09:32
special signal for it to activate and00:09:34
sound, an active Booster is called active00:09:36
Because It already has all the00:09:39
internal electronics that by simply applying 500:09:41
volts it will emit a sound,00:09:44
hence the name active buses. In00:09:46
our case, a 5-volt active bus00:09:49
and to avoid00:09:53
connecting an additional resistor, we are going to00:09:56
use the same resistor, this one.00:09:58
100 ohm resistor00:10:00
limiting the number of components not00:10:03
easily. I could have connected00:10:06
this point here to a resistor here to00:10:09
the power supply with a resistor00:10:11
also of five years or 110 ohms but00:10:13
in this case I am not going to connect it, I am00:10:16
going to connect it directly to a00:10:18
100 ohm resistor to limit00:10:21
the number of devices I could have00:10:24
put the resistor without any00:10:26
problem that You could have done00:10:28
this we are00:10:29
going to do it like this instead of connecting it00:10:31
here connect here a resistor here of00:10:36
100 ohms00:10:38
110 ohms or even 220 ohms to the00:10:43
power supply for our case to00:10:45
limit the number of devices and00:10:47
make the circuit smaller, we are00:10:50
only going to use,00:10:52
technically speaking, three resistors00:10:54
and we are going to power it from here from00:10:57
the 100 ohm resistor and not00:10:59
only the buser. This is the00:11:02
negative of the Booster00:11:04
This is the positive of the Booster00:11:07
connected to the resistor towards the00:11:10
positive of the supply and as this00:11:13
is an audible indicator that00:11:16
the dive will sound when the transistor is activated00:11:18
my cookie is crying and now what00:11:21
we are going to do also to give it an00:11:23
indicator visual we are going to connect00:11:26
an LED diode here00:11:29
in a direct direction Here we are going to put an00:11:32
LED diode here00:11:42
and connect it directly in parallel to the00:11:46
dive No here we are going to connect another00:11:49
LED diode our second LED diode this00:11:52
is LED 200:11:57
and this is going to be The red LED diode00:12:03
can use the color you want.00:12:05
In my case I am going to use the color red, that00:12:08
is, the collector will be connected to the00:12:11
buzzer and in parallel to the buzzer,00:12:13
LED diode 2 will be connected, which is an LED diode.00:12:16
red that will light up when00:12:18
there is a current from collector to00:12:20
emitter to ground Because it is in00:12:21
common emitter the booster will sound and there will also00:12:24
be a visual indication because the00:12:27
red will light up when the00:12:30
television is in cut-off simply use a It00:12:32
sounds audibly and also the00:12:34
visual indicator of the red LED diode00:12:37
will not light up, that is, it will be00:12:39
off. Ok, that is, on the one hand, and00:12:44
on the other hand, it is00:12:46
important to take into account this00:12:49
resistor r2, this resistor r2. What00:12:53
we are going to do is connect it.00:12:56
The other terminal of this would be00:13:00
the positive terminal, not00:13:02
the positive end00:13:05
of our homemade tool,00:13:11
and we are going to connect the other terminal here,00:13:19
the negative end, and that negative end00:13:22
is the one that we are going to take00:13:25
here to00:13:27
this resistance to resistor R2 and00:13:32
the The truth is that this cable No, the truth is00:13:33
that this is not necessary, it was part of the00:13:36
design, you can connect the 5 volts,00:13:38
as I have told you, you can connect 3.7 or00:13:40
5 volts here or even put a00:13:43
switch to turn the circuit on and off00:13:47
and as you see, it is a circuit00:13:48
very, very basic we are going to put00:13:50
here black the negative lead the00:13:54
negative test lead Why Because our00:13:56
circuit is going to allow00:13:59
continuity testing of a series of00:14:03
components that we are going to give later in the00:14:04
practical part what is going to be there we are going to00:14:06
put here on the right what is going to be00:14:08
tested00:14:12
[Music]00:14:14
test00:14:17
we are going to put continuity like this00:14:25
what else tests00:14:31
two conventional diodes what else00:14:33
tests00:14:34
LEDs00:14:36
what else tests00:14:39
resistors00:14:43
only00:14:44
this point is a point yes and no00:14:47
let's not say that it is a test only for00:14:49
see if the resistor is open or00:14:53
simply closed no there yes00:14:55
true it is not a real test But well we are00:14:56
going to put it if you want do not00:14:59
use it to blow up the resistors that00:15:01
measure the most or that test the most test00:15:06
transistors00:15:12
in this case npn00:15:17
pnp00:15:19
or00:15:21
npn pnp what else tests transistor00:15:33
what else tests something very, very00:15:35
important scr00:15:39
silicon controlled rectifiers00:15:41
what else tests00:15:45
look at all the things that test00:15:48
what else tests two components that00:15:51
we have seen in an ideal way here on the00:15:53
YouTube channel two very,00:15:55
very extraordinary components two transistors that00:15:58
are not BJT transistors or00:16:00
Bipolar sculpture transistors but00:16:02
special transistors, I am referring to them00:16:08
and their first hand to the IGBT.00:16:15
What more, gentlemen, what more can we ask for from00:16:18
a homemade tool ideal for all00:16:22
electronics with few components?00:16:24
We are talking about three resistors.00:16:26
two diodes, a buzzer and a00:16:30
general purpose transistor with its00:16:32
test leads, something so basic and elementary we will00:16:35
be able to test each of these00:16:37
options and then in practice00:16:39
Because everything we do here on my00:16:42
channel we check both in theory and00:16:43
In practice, remember there are no00:16:46
theories without practice or practices in00:16:47
PC theory in the market-leading company that00:16:51
manufactures PCB cards for00:16:53
your electronics projects. They00:16:55
provide the rapid service of prototyping00:16:57
PCB cards in just 24 hours. They00:17:01
comply with the manufacturing standards of00:17:04
pcb cards according to00:17:06
international ISO quality standards,00:17:08
subjecting the manufacturing of your00:17:10
pcb card to the most rigorous tests on the00:17:13
market, the result is high-00:17:17
quality cards in their manufacture, ideal for00:17:20
your electronics projects. They also00:17:23
provide the pcb assembly service, that00:17:26
is, they themselves will provide you with They manufacture the00:17:28
PCB cards and assemble and assemble00:17:31
the components, giving you your00:17:33
complete assembled project. We can observe the00:17:36
assembly service00:17:37
automatically using robots and00:17:40
also manually with the soldering00:17:42
of the SMD components on the00:17:45
PSV card, rigorously going through the00:17:48
controls. of visual quality of your00:17:50
browser, you can go to PC00:17:52
vigogo.com and from here make your00:17:55
instant quote. The most important thing is00:17:58
that a00:18:01
discount coupon of up to $50 is being offered for your00:18:03
first order. Give yourself the pleasure of making00:18:06
your best projects here at PCV. gogo00:18:09
now how that very00:18:12
basic and elementary circuit works with electronics is the00:18:15
basic electronic redundancy and with00:18:18
only a few components we are going to do00:18:20
at this moment the technical description00:18:23
the technical analysis step by step of how it00:18:25
works if you realize it is a tractor00:18:27
in common emitter a territory by00:18:30
general means this base resistance00:18:33
a base polarization resistor00:18:36
r2 is also another difference and by00:18:39
obligation of base and Here there is something00:18:40
important that the black wire or the black tip00:18:46
is going to be carried when it followed together00:18:49
these two tips the red wire that is00:18:52
connected to the power and00:18:54
black wire I put the two points together what00:18:56
I am doing is closing the circuit00:18:57
we are going to do it like this if I put a wire00:19:00
here or one of these these two00:19:03
test leads what I am doing first The first00:19:06
instance00:19:08
is to close the circuit and bring the 500:19:12
volts directly to the resistor00:19:15
R2, which will cause a00:19:17
base current to flow through the transistor.00:19:20
It is transient between saturation and00:19:22
a current will flow through the00:19:24
100 ohm resistor towards the00:19:26
buzzer and towards the The LED is going to focus00:19:28
on both sides.00:19:30
The base current is not going to go here.00:19:32
The collector current is going to go from here to00:19:35
here and towards the diode. The LEDs are going to00:19:39
activate the dive because it is an00:19:40
active dive. Look for the one that will sound. The red one is going to00:19:44
light up at the same time and then the00:19:46
current is going to circulate from collector-00:19:47
emitter to ground00:19:50
when I put the tips together and not00:19:53
only that, this green LED is an LED,00:19:56
LED one is an indicator that00:19:59
current exists when we connect the00:20:02
supply, the current is circulated00:20:04
by the resistor R1 and the LED diode, that00:20:07
is, if I do not connect or next to the00:20:10
tips or I do not measure continuity, simply00:20:12
the green will always be on00:20:14
because in the first instance the current00:20:16
will circulate through the green LED because00:20:18
This current00:20:19
that circulates through R1 will be divided to00:20:23
the left and to the right00:20:24
only to the right when it says00:20:26
transient is active when the00:20:28
transistor is not active that is,00:20:29
when the tips are not closed the00:20:31
stone tips are not closed00:20:33
when we do not measure nothing, simply the00:20:35
green LED diode is going to turn on at00:20:38
maximum brightness because00:20:40
simply because all the current circulates00:20:41
through the green LED and the ground resistance00:20:45
is the current will circulate here without00:20:47
the tip being enclosed it will00:20:49
circulate here to ground00:20:51
if I I close the tips, the00:20:53
total current is going to come from here up to this00:20:55
point and then it will divide a part00:20:57
towards the green LED and another part towards00:21:00
the right towards the buzzer and the00:21:02
red one, closing the circuit through the collector and00:21:05
emitter of the ground, this is what It will00:21:06
indicate that the green LED When it00:21:08
closes at the tips or measures a00:21:09
device, the green LED will lower00:21:12
its brightness because it is00:21:14
dividing the current from one end00:21:16
to the left and another end to00:21:17
the right, so that's why they go. You will see00:21:19
a small loss of luminosity in the00:21:21
LED. If you do not want this to happen and00:21:23
want the green LED to always light up00:21:26
at the same amount of light, simply00:21:29
put the additional resistor here at00:21:32
100 ohms or 110 ohms and the00:21:36
green LED will always be on. and there will00:21:38
be no loss of luminosity and only the00:21:40
red LED and the bus will sound when00:21:42
the transistor is activated through the00:21:44
test lead. That is when I use00:21:47
a continuity measure. But what if I00:21:52
connect an LED diode here, we will not go to00:21:54
do the test by connecting an LED diode00:21:56
or a conventional diode What happens if I00:21:58
put a conventional diode here, we are not going00:22:00
to put it like this quickly Not here I put00:22:02
the test lead here and here I put a00:22:04
diode in this sense00:22:06
a rectifier diode Not simply a00:22:09
diode rectifier what am I doing00:22:11
I am giving a plus here00:22:14
to the positive to the anode of the diode a minus00:22:18
to the cathode of the diode and I am making00:22:21
the diode conduct in the direct zone no00:22:23
so I am saying that the current00:22:24
Here go this way only the diode00:22:28
is going to take The 0.6 or 0.7 volts, not 0.600:22:32
or 0.7 volts, is a00:22:35
rectifier diode. In this case, a00:22:38
silicon diode. If it is a germanium diode, it will00:22:40
take the 0.2 volts. We have already00:22:44
seen that and what it does is close the00:22:46
circuit. It goes here. activates the00:22:50
transient through resistance00:22:51
r2 and r3, collector-emitter current still circulates,00:22:54
the green LED stays on,00:22:57
its luminance will drop a little00:22:58
and the red LED turns on and00:23:00
the buser sounds, telling me that I am00:23:03
measuring a diode in a direct direction00:23:06
because that is circulating a00:23:08
base current towards the bc337 transistor00:23:11
and what happens if I connect the diode backwards00:23:17
what happens if I do not connect the diode00:23:19
anymore less if I do not connect it backwards00:23:21
we are going to delete here00:23:23
and what happens if I carry it here I connect it00:23:26
like this00:23:27
and I put the negative on top00:23:30
and the anode on the bottom. What happens if I00:23:34
connect it like this? So I'm00:23:36
putting it when the tips are on the00:23:39
red tip, which is the power supply to the00:23:42
cathode, and the black tip, which is the00:23:46
input to the base. to the00:23:48
anode of the rectifier diode simply00:23:51
what I am doing is applying a00:23:52
reverse voltage to the rectifier diode or00:23:56
the LED diode if you want to call it that if00:23:58
you want to use an LED diode And then00:23:59
this rectifier diode is00:24:02
progressing it in reverse and00:24:03
therefore it is not going to let current pass from00:24:06
the positive end to the negative end00:24:08
because it is in reverse and00:24:09
the transistor is simply not going to00:24:12
activate, the buser is not going to sound and the00:24:15
red LED diode is simply not going to00:24:17
light up that way I am testing00:24:19
God if I Remember something, if I test00:24:22
a diode I will be able to test all this00:24:24
that I have already indicated that we are going to see00:24:27
later in the As you can see, it is a00:24:28
basic circuit, it is an elementary circuit, a00:24:31
very simple and simple circuit with few00:24:33
components and now comes the most important part.00:24:34
Importantly, we are going to do the00:24:35
implementation on a punched card,00:24:38
a punched PCB card, we are not going to00:24:40
use the implementation that I usually use00:24:42
with the companies I work with, we are going to00:24:45
make a much simpler video so that00:24:47
anyone can put it together on a00:24:49
punched card and now we can. let's go to00:24:51
that part of this video where we are going to00:24:53
assemble the circuit quickly and then00:24:55
carry out the corresponding technical tests00:24:57
with that we go00:24:59
well then Now we are with the00:25:01
punched card the00:25:03
psv card we are going to start first by locating00:25:07
the diode00:25:10
in this part00:25:12
we then put in the same line because00:25:15
we know that they will go in parallel in this00:25:17
case00:25:19
the buzzer00:25:26
there to the right we are going to connect the00:25:28
transistor00:25:30
in that location00:25:33
towards the bottom the00:25:36
10 k resistor in the base will go towards00:25:39
ground the base is the pin central00:25:41
do it like this00:25:44
because there it is well00:25:48
on the same base we are going to connect the00:25:51
resistor of a field00:25:54
here00:25:59
to the left we are going to put the00:26:02
green LED diode00:26:07
here00:26:10
and at the top we are going to connect00:26:12
the 100 ohm resistor00:26:18
put it in the upper part there is the00:26:20
upper part00:26:22
we are going to do the soldering of the00:26:23
components then I will show you00:26:26
and as you can see there we already have the00:26:29
psb card cut the00:26:31
perforated card already finished with00:26:34
external wiring very, very simple00:26:36
We do not need much we really have00:26:38
up here the resistance to the00:26:40
bcc supply from 3.7 to 5 volts the output to the00:26:44
resistance for the negative connector00:26:47
here positive and this is the00:26:50
ground connector I am going to connect the power of00:26:52
this 18650 battery we are going to put it over00:26:56
here like this and then put the00:26:59
test leads In the next section of the00:27:01
video, do the practical part of the00:27:03
universe components, then well,00:27:05
now we are with our00:27:07
homemade tool, our Star. I have connected it00:27:09
to this Socket with an 18 650 battery.00:27:12
We are going to connect the battery. You can use00:27:15
a switch. I have not used it. I00:27:17
have put some00:27:19
positive and negative test leads on a switch, I00:27:22
have taped it so that it is not00:27:23
moving and I have also not taped it and00:27:25
when I connect the 18 and 50 battery it00:27:28
gives me between 3.7 and 4.2 right now it is 3.9 or00:27:31
so the green led will00:27:34
turn on and will be in Stand By the00:27:36
red led with the buzzer until I close00:27:38
the eh the contacts of the terminal00:27:40
blocks we are going to turn on connect00:27:42
there we have already connected and if I close00:27:45
the terminal blocks here00:27:48
they go To turn on the red LED,00:27:51
the brightness of the green LED will be lowered and the00:27:53
booster will sound00:28:00
Ok then let's place it here and00:28:02
let's start the 12 tests that I have00:28:05
for you in this practical part Ok00:28:08
then let's start with test00:28:10
number one the simplest and00:28:12
simplest test is the continuity test that is00:28:14
to say I can test the continuity if00:28:17
a cable between one end and another end00:28:20
the cable is in good condition the red led lights00:28:22
up and the booster should sound00:28:24
something like that it is not as if I put the two00:28:27
ends together and I'm testing continuity.00:28:29
Let's test it, it's worth the redundancy00:28:32
on a conventional cable. We're going to use00:28:33
this other red cable from00:28:36
a multimeter. We're going to connect this here00:28:41
and there I'm going to measure the continuity of this00:28:44
cable. Yes, really. This cable is in00:28:46
good condition, no,00:28:49
and it is telling me that the cable is00:28:51
closed and that there is continuity from00:28:54
end to end. This is the continuity00:28:57
of the cable. We are not going to put it here in00:29:01
our first test number 1.00:29:07
The continuity test00:29:13
we have originally tested in a cable00:29:18
and now we are also going to test on a00:29:20
pcb card not what00:29:23
we generally use when we perform00:29:26
continuity measurement on a00:29:28
psb card on a psb card which is what we are going00:29:32
to see at the moment00:29:33
we can have several tracks and We can00:29:36
obviously measure the continuity between00:29:39
one track and another because it may be the00:29:41
case that the track, either inside the00:29:44
PSBS card, has been damaged and we can see00:29:46
if there is continuity between this point and this other00:29:48
point, between point A and point B.00:29:50
What we are going to00:29:52
test at this moment is an00:29:54
old card that I have already used that I myself00:29:56
designed a project some time ago, this00:29:59
electronic protection against00:30:01
short circuits and overload, we are going to00:30:03
test the continuity, for example between00:30:04
this point and this other point or between the00:30:08
point of below and the central end of00:30:11
this00:30:13
irf or even the bottom pin we are going to00:30:17
see if there is continuity at the00:30:20
ends. So we are going to test the00:30:21
continuity first of the cable00:30:23
in this case the continuity first00:30:26
between one point and another point and the00:30:28
psb card of this point to this other end00:30:33
there you are seeing00:30:36
that there is continuity here also with00:30:39
dignity here also and at the00:30:42
bottom in the center of the mosfet in this00:30:45
case the Ryan00:30:48
there you are seeing the red LED lights up00:30:50
and at the bottom also00:30:57
put it more the right to see it00:30:58
better there00:31:02
and here there should also be00:31:04
continuity00:31:07
that way we are testing the00:31:09
continuity in any psb card it is00:31:11
the first00:31:12
continuity test in a cable and in a00:31:15
pcb card now let's go to test number 200:31:18
which has to do with the diodes no the00:31:21
test 2 put it here Diego two we are going to00:31:25
test the00:31:27
conventional diodes diodes and for our00:31:31
case we are going to use a rectifier diode00:31:32
you can test any rectifier diode00:31:35
the 1 n 4001 for example and what I am going to00:31:38
use or any another diode 4007, not in00:31:42
my case I am going to use the 1n 400100:31:45
diode 1 n 4001 you already know this one we00:31:48
are going to do it like this just freehand it00:31:51
has a hand a cathode not the anode00:31:56
cathode and for the diode to conduct it00:31:59
has to progress directly the00:32:01
anode with respect to the cathode which is00:32:03
negative so if I polarized I put00:32:07
the red tip here00:32:09
and the black tip here I will make00:32:12
the circuit close and there is current00:32:14
on the diode the diode will let the00:32:16
current pass in this direction let's say here00:32:18
everything and the red LED is going to light up, the00:32:21
booster is going to sound and the green one is going to lower00:32:23
its luminosity. If I invert the tips,00:32:25
I am politicized in the opposite way, this00:32:28
rectifier diode and obviously the diode is00:32:31
not going to let current flow in the00:32:33
other direction, yes. Not letting00:32:35
current circulate in another direction if I put00:32:37
the tips in reverse and therefore it00:32:40
will simply remain open is what00:32:43
we are going to test right now in00:32:45
our second Test with respect to00:32:47
the rectifier diodes and for this00:32:48
we are going to use this conventional rectifier diode00:32:49
the 1n 4001 is a00:32:53
conventional rectifier diode you can use00:32:55
any diode in the direct direction there00:32:58
the negative on the cathode and the positive00:33:01
on the anode00:33:03
should ring there you are seeing there it is00:33:06
ringing00:33:10
and in the reverse direction it should not ring00:33:12
because I am polarizing the diode00:33:13
inversely and there it is, it does not sound because00:33:17
El Diego is progressing00:33:18
inversely in the direct direction, only the00:33:21
diode will conduct and obviously the00:33:25
red LED will light up as well as the00:33:27
booster will activate Ok, those are the00:33:31
indicator here.00:33:32
rectifier diode 1n 4001 is operational that00:33:35
is our second test you can test00:33:37
any rectifier diode now00:33:39
let's look at test number three here00:33:41
test number 3 there00:33:44
are 12 tests that I have for you00:33:46
today test number 3 in the same00:33:49
way I am going to test an LED diode If I00:33:52
test a rectifier diode, a00:33:54
conventional diode, I am also going to test an00:33:57
LED diode because the LED diode is a00:33:58
gallium action diode, it behaves00:34:00
the same, the only difference is that it will00:34:03
produce luminosity when it is00:34:05
used directly. Same here00:34:07
There is an anode, a cathode, this LED diode00:34:11
has a date on it, the symbol00:34:12
on an indicator indicates that it will light up00:34:15
when it is directly polarized.00:34:17
And in the same way, if I put a00:34:19
positive here, the positive tip and here a00:34:22
negative, that00:34:23
is, If I put the red tip here and00:34:26
the black tip on the00:34:29
cathode I will make the diode can be00:34:30
made directly and the LED lights up.00:34:32
If I invert the tips, the00:34:34
diode will simply not conduct in reverse and00:34:36
obviously it will not It may be that it00:34:38
conducts inversely and does not light up OK00:34:41
Let's go to our third test,00:34:44
test number 300:34:46
and for this case I am going to use a00:34:49
blue diode, you can use blued, you can use00:34:51
for my tests I am going to use this00:34:54
blue diode in the same way, the pin plus long is00:34:57
the positive therefore the negative or00:34:59
the cat is the smallest here I am going to00:35:01
connect it like this and when I connect here the00:35:05
LED is going to light00:35:10
up and when I invert the00:35:12
tips I am processing in00:35:14
reverse and it is simply not going to turn on00:35:16
the led neither the led that I am00:35:18
testing nor the red led of my00:35:22
homemade tool again by00:35:25
direct choice00:35:32
it works without any problem This is the00:35:34
third test now let's go to the fourth00:35:35
test test number 400:35:40
in test number 4 we are going to test again In00:35:42
the same way, a diode,00:35:47
you know that the zener diode, we are going to00:35:50
put it here00:35:58
is like that,00:36:03
that symbol of the diode00:36:07
and in our case the zener diode has00:36:10
an anode,00:36:12
a cathode and the diode serves to00:36:16
regulate an input voltage, the00:36:19
important thing here is that You have to00:36:21
polarize it in reverse. That is,00:36:23
so that it then conducts in00:36:25
reverse and works as such, you have to00:36:27
exceed the zener threshold voltage00:36:31
that this diode has. For example, in my00:36:33
case I am going to use this Diego sender of 5.100:36:36
volts, that is a zender diode of 5.100:36:39
volts which are around here00:36:45
have 5.1 volts and therefore I00:36:48
have to reverse polarized00:36:50
no so then I00:36:55
am going to put the cathode positive and on the anode I00:36:58
am going to put it negative this is what00:37:00
prioritizing would look like really a00:37:02
zender diode forever and when if I00:37:05
exceed this threshold voltage of 5.100:37:07
volts the zener diode is going to conduct in00:37:10
avalanche But since this device does not00:37:13
work with more than more than five or in00:37:15
this case 3.7 volts Obviously I will not be00:37:17
able to exceed that threshold voltage00:37:19
so to test, you know that00:37:22
live can also be used as a00:37:25
conventional diode, that is, if I send it, I00:37:27
polarized it directly as it00:37:29
is right now,00:37:31
that is, I put the negative here on00:37:34
the cathode and the positive on the anode I00:37:37
am going to make the zener diode conduct00:37:39
directly, no, and the voltage between00:37:42
its ends will be approximately 0.7 volts00:37:45
when it is directly polarized,00:37:49
that is, this is something that many people do not00:37:51
know for many years when a zener It00:37:55
will regulate as long as it is00:37:57
reverse polarized and that voltage is00:37:59
higher than the threshold voltage. But00:38:01
if I polarize the senior00:38:03
directly, I will make the sine00:38:05
behave like any00:38:07
rectifier diode or like any00:38:09
conventional finger, therefore. This is what we00:38:10
are going to test right now. When I speak00:38:12
there, the zener will directly00:38:15
drive at 0.6 or 0.7 volts and the LED00:38:19
will light up. When you polarize it in the00:38:22
reverse direction, I will not00:38:24
exceed the threshold voltage and00:38:25
so and what it's going to do It's just not00:38:28
going to show the red it's not going to00:38:31
light up and the diving is not going to sound let's00:38:34
test it directly first the00:38:38
negative here the positive here and00:38:41
therefore the finger so direct This is00:38:43
a sender, the zener diode when working00:38:45
directly behaves like00:38:46
any other finger and there it should sound00:38:48
look00:38:51
and turn on the red light and in the00:38:53
reverse direction I will not exceed the00:38:55
threshold voltage in the reverse direction and therefore00:38:57
I will not It's going to give nothing, at least I'm00:39:00
testing its polarization and its conduction00:39:02
in the reverse direction and it's a good00:39:04
indicator that the zener is sterile. Ok, it still00:39:06
helps us, it's not a00:39:09
reliable test that the zener diode is in00:39:12
good condition, no. But at least it doesn't have00:39:14
leaks in the opposite direction and it gives me an00:39:16
indication that the diode is this00:39:18
God is in good condition Now let's00:39:21
go to our fifth test00:39:25
which is a test that I have put in but00:39:27
it is true and it will only allow me to00:39:31
validate that the value of that00:39:35
To tell the truth, the component is either open or00:39:38
closed. I am referring to the00:39:40
resistance test. We are not going to put it here00:39:45
to test a resistance. I00:39:46
really need to have a multimeter.00:39:48
However, this device is going to give me an00:39:50
indicator of whether the resistance is00:39:52
open or closed. closed but when it is00:39:54
closed it could also be that it is00:39:56
Cross, be careful with the detail, it still doesn't00:39:57
help, let's put it, it is not a00:40:00
reliable test either But at least it will00:40:02
help us if I have a resistor, for00:40:04
example a 220 ohm resistor,00:40:08
which is what Let's be00:40:10
careful. This is a resistor with00:40:14
low values between zero and values of00:40:18
up to a few kilo ohms. It could not exceed00:40:21
these values because it is simply not going to00:40:23
work. So I could put the00:40:25
multimeter in any direction, either00:40:27
the red tip here or the black one. here or00:40:30
vice versa because it is a resistance,00:40:32
as you very well know, there is no00:40:35
polarity. And at least it will give me an00:40:37
indicator if the resistance is okay.00:40:39
I will circulate a current in that00:40:41
direction or in the other direction. Whether it00:40:43
depends on how I polarize it and It is going to allow me00:40:46
that the ex in asylum turns on. It is an00:40:48
indicator that the resistance is at least00:40:50
working or it could also be00:40:53
pulsed. Be careful with the detail, so it is not00:40:55
a00:40:56
reliable test, let's say, I am telling you00:41:00
because to really measure resistance00:41:01
you need a millimeter. or preferably00:41:03
or a multimeter for this case we are going to00:41:06
start with the tests with a00:41:07
resistance of 220 ohms in any00:41:09
direction the tips 220 ohms and there it will00:41:12
close the circuit and the LED will00:41:14
light up if I invert the points it is the00:41:17
same Because there is polarity in a resistor,00:41:19
it is an indicator that the00:41:21
resistor is at least not open, a00:41:23
220 ohm resistor, we are going to test00:41:26
with another resistor,00:41:28
this other one-k battery,00:41:33
there you are seeing a cap in either00:41:36
direction, in a resistor it does not00:41:38
exist. polarity is telling me that00:41:40
at least one resistor is not open00:41:41
but it is not going to give me the value, be careful with the00:41:44
detail as I am telling you, it is not a00:41:45
reliable or real00:41:48
valid test, let's say but this00:41:51
homemade instrument that we have built is of no use, that00:41:53
is a 5.6 K resistor you already know00:41:56
the color code bands of the00:41:59
four-band resistor that is not00:42:01
a five-00:42:02
band but a four-band resistor this 5.6 K00:42:05
the same in any sense should00:42:07
form the buzzer and light up LED is an00:42:11
indicator that at least in resistance it00:42:13
is not open Now let's go to the00:42:14
more real, more reliable test00:42:17
for which we have created this this00:42:20
device this homemade tool00:42:21
let's now go to test number 600:42:25
and in test number 6 let's go to the00:42:28
transistors here the most00:42:30
interesting part transistors00:42:33
and for the transients I can try00:42:35
BJS transistors, that is,00:42:38
Bipolar culture transistors, the conventional ones,00:42:41
whether npn or pnp, we are going to start with the00:42:45
pnp transistors, we are going to put it here00:42:48
pnp and as you very well know a00:42:51
pnp transistor, we are going to put the symbol00:42:53
here to the right of a pnp transistor the00:42:59
pnp base00:43:02
the emitter and the collector the arrow in a00:43:07
pnp tractor goes inwards next to the00:43:10
base and in an npn transistor it is the other way around00:43:12
we are going to put the npn over here00:43:17
put like this the arrow comes out00:43:20
of the center, they are not different symbols, I00:43:23
am going to leave here the00:43:26
transistors that we are going to test,00:43:29
the pin arrangement that we are going to00:43:31
test. So we have the00:43:33
pnp and npn transistors. We are going to start first with00:43:36
the pnp transistors and for this I am going to00:43:39
show you here in this first test00:43:41
we are going to test the redundancy of this00:43:44
pnp tractor the bd00:43:46
136 there you are seeing I will see 136 which is a00:43:50
pnp transistor00:43:52
and as you know very well in a pnp transistor00:43:56
it is pnp therefore the base is n00:44:00
this Speed and this is peno and when00:44:03
let's test a pnp transistor you already know very00:44:05
well that there must be a00:44:07
diode connection between the base and the emitter00:44:11
between the base and the collector in one00:44:13
direction when you put the leads in the00:44:14
opposite direction The buser simply should not00:44:16
sound nor the led will00:44:18
light up and there should not be a union between collector either.00:44:21
For our first00:44:23
test we are going to use bd 136 in this case.00:44:26
As I said in bd 136, the00:44:29
pin arrangement is emitter, collector00:44:31
and Base. The emitter on the left, the00:44:33
collector in the middle and the base on the00:44:36
right. Being the base This is a pnp00:44:39
therefore the base is negative here the00:44:42
base is negative there and here it should00:44:45
sound in a direct direction with respect to the00:44:47
collector00:44:49
with respect to the emitter00:44:54
if I invert the tips it should not00:44:57
mark because I am polarizing in the00:45:00
reverse direction The union joint00:45:02
between in this case is pnp between between the00:45:07
base and the collector which is the central one and00:45:09
with respect to the emitter it should not00:45:10
sound between collector and Mesón there must be00:45:13
a Union there you are seeing and less the00:45:15
other way around, not there I am showing you00:45:19
Just as we measured on a multimeter, I00:45:21
am showing you that for this00:45:25
pnp transistor whose symbol and pin arrangement00:45:28
is here on the left side, this case00:45:30
is the bd136, it is in good condition, we are00:45:33
testing, we are testing another00:45:36
pnp transistor for our case, the bd 140 there.00:45:40
They are seeing bd 140 K we see the00:45:42
pin arrangement of 140, it is00:45:45
another transistor for this case00:45:47
pnp the base is n therefore and its00:45:51
pin arrangement in the same that is to00:45:52
say emitter collector and Base The emitter00:45:55
is on the left the collector in the00:45:57
center and the base on the right So00:45:59
if it is pnp the base negative n base here on00:46:04
the right the collector marks00:46:09
the emitter the same00:46:12
if I invert the tips it should not00:46:14
mark because I am in the reverse direction00:46:16
the transistor the cultures00:46:18
pn and pn here It shouldn't sound it shouldn't00:46:21
sound00:46:23
between collector and emitter it shouldn't sound00:46:25
either in one direction or the other. Let's see00:46:27
there it shouldn't sound and here it00:46:30
shouldn't sound either00:46:37
as you see. This is a diagnosis of this00:46:40
transistor, the bd 140 pnp, which00:46:44
is also in good condition. state now let's go to an00:46:47
npn transistor No here Let's put00:46:50
here an mpn00:46:54
n00:46:57
pn tractor therefore the base is p and in00:47:00
our case in an npn transistor00:47:02
the base is positive that we are seeing00:47:04
the positive base and this tells me to the00:47:06
be the positive base, that is, if I00:47:08
put the positive tip, the red here00:47:12
with respect to the emitter00:47:14
should sound just like here in the00:47:17
collector of the sonar track and I continued inverting00:47:19
the tips, it should not sound and between the00:47:20
emitter collector, never in any of the00:47:22
directions, either. By the state00:47:25
directly inverse it should sound Okay for00:47:27
our case we are going to start with our00:47:29
first test of this npn transistor and00:47:32
for our case we are going to use the00:47:34
transistor00:47:37
bd 139 there you are seeing the00:47:41
bd139 Well I ask you to take out the left side00:47:46
bd 139 The same is the collector emitter and the base,00:47:50
let's put it here, the collector emitter00:47:52
and the base, that is, the emitter on the left,00:47:55
pin 1, the collector and the base, but00:47:57
now it is an npn tractor and the base is npn,00:48:01
the base is p, that is, the base is00:48:03
positive is no longer negative so00:48:06
I put here the base with respect to the00:48:09
emitter it should sound00:48:11
here in the dia collector sound00:48:17
in the opposite direction the tips should not00:48:20
sound00:48:23
neither in the collector nor in the emitter and00:48:26
neither should it sound between collector and emitter in00:48:28
any direction nor in another there in00:48:31
one direction And in the other neither00:48:34
This is an indicator of this tranector00:48:36
the bd 139 npn is in good condition But00:48:39
what happens if I in one direction For00:48:42
example here it does not00:48:44
mark me and when I polarized it to this00:48:48
emitter square Also here and if I00:48:49
invert the tips and it marks me00:48:51
it is also an indicator that the trajectory is00:48:54
crossed there is a crossing between the00:48:58
base joint with respect to the collector or the00:49:00
emitter or suddenly measuring like this00:49:02
I measure for example here between base00:49:07
and the collector here sounds No, but what00:49:10
happens if I put it on and it doesn't sound, it is00:49:12
because the base with respect to the collector00:49:14
or the emitter is open and obviously00:49:16
This is damaged. Unfortunately, I don't have00:49:19
any device for these tests Because all the00:49:21
devices I have are new For00:49:22
the following projects I do not have one00:49:24
that is damaged but I am still00:49:26
showing you this test, test number 600:49:28
on00:49:30
npn transistors for this case the bd00:49:33
139 OK now let's go to another00:49:38
medium power transistor type 41c here00:49:42
we can see00:49:45
the tip 41c there I am showing it is a00:49:48
medium power transistor type 41c00:49:53
and in the case of the t41 transistor it is an00:49:58
npn transistor, be careful when it is the same as this one here00:50:00
npn the same as this one here npn we are00:50:04
in test 6 still in test 6 of00:50:06
transistors but this medium00:50:08
power and the tip 41c we are seeing here00:50:11
its pin configuration and00:50:13
steep pin arrangement is the collector-00:50:16
emitter base, that is, the base on pin 100:50:19
collector in the middle and the emitter on the00:50:21
right and something important is that the00:50:24
metal tap, this metal part is00:50:27
connected to the central pin which is the00:50:29
collector which is the first thing we are going to00:50:30
test in the same way this type 41 set00:50:33
we have also used it extensively here00:50:34
on my YouTube channel So we are going to00:50:37
try tip 41c and in this case the tic00:50:41
41 is a tractor of medium power that00:50:45
of collector emitter is tractor npn00:50:48
then00:50:49
npn base collector emitter npn and00:50:54
therefore this one here we have said that with00:50:57
the central tap with the central pin the tap00:50:59
with the central pin must sound there you are00:51:01
looking at the collector in this case the base00:51:05
is t because it is an npn and the base is00:51:07
pin 1 here00:51:09
and with the collector it should ring in one00:51:11
direction with the emitter it should also00:51:13
ring in one direction if I invert the00:51:16
leads it should not ring there we are00:51:18
seeing the red pin arrangement here it00:51:20
should not sound and between collector emitter in00:51:23
one direction it should not tick and in the00:51:26
opposite direction it should not tick either and00:51:29
in this way I am testing that this00:51:31
type 41c medium power tractor00:51:35
is not damaged it is in good condition we continue00:51:39
in test 6 now let's go to test00:51:40
7 and we turn over the paper Because we don't00:51:42
have space we are going to test 700:51:47
test 7 and in test 7 We are going to00:51:49
test the darlington transistors00:51:54
a special type of transistor00:51:58
and for our case we are going to test this00:52:00
tractor the tip 125 we are going to Let's see here the00:52:06
tip 12500:52:08
125 here we are seeing the arrangement of00:52:11
pins that I am going to copy it here so00:52:13
that we can see it00:52:15
this tip 125 has a peculiarity00:52:18
that is a darlington and therefore it00:52:19
has two transistors in cascade with00:52:22
some resistance and something Very important,00:52:23
it has a diode in the reverse direction, which is what00:52:27
we are going to test or put it here so00:52:30
that you can do it. I am going to transcribe00:52:32
here the pin out of what it has00:52:35
internally here.00:52:38
It has a pnp tractor. It has two00:52:42
pnp tractors internally. This is a pnp00:52:44
tractor. power00:52:47
here comes the other transistor00:52:53
pnp the date towards the center pnp00:52:57
down here and here comes a resistor here00:53:01
comes a resistor00:53:04
towards here00:53:08
and here Another resistance comes00:53:15
towards here00:53:20
from here the collector the collectors come00:53:22
together00:53:23
This is the collector00:53:26
this is the base and from Below is the emitter, it is00:53:30
the base,00:53:32
the collector00:53:34
and the emitter00:53:37
and something important that must00:53:39
always be taken into account is that here at the output00:53:41
between the collector and emitter there is a diode in the00:53:43
opposite direction,00:53:45
which is what must be taken into account00:53:47
when we do the test. with a tractor we00:53:49
have already seen this a lot on my00:53:51
YouTube channel when we talk about00:53:53
how to test them with a multimeter but00:53:55
here we are testing not with a00:53:57
multimeter but with a00:53:58
homemade tool that we have created. We are still going to take into00:54:00
account this configuration between00:54:02
collector and emitter There is a00:54:05
protection diode, a kind of clamping diode.00:54:07
Here we are seeing00:54:11
a clamping diode for protection at the00:54:13
output between collector and emitter00:54:16
and this diode fulfills an00:54:18
important function of protecting the transistor. Ok,00:54:22
so taking into account that here00:54:24
we are seeing the pin arrangement00:54:27
of this tip 125 So we have that00:54:31
pin 1 is the base, pin 2 is the collector00:54:34
and pin 3 is the emitter, it is a00:54:36
darlington pnp transistor so taking00:54:39
this into account p n00:54:43
pnp we are going to00:54:45
unravel pnp therefore the base is n00:54:48
not pnp the base n there pnp the base n and the00:54:54
base is pin 1 here first00:54:57
between the tap and the collector it is base00:55:00
collector and emitter there must be continuity00:55:02
here00:55:04
perfect00:55:06
here00:55:07
normal and between base between base and00:55:11
collector let's put it like this continuity00:55:14
between base and emitter must also provide00:55:16
continuity or malita there00:55:19
between collector and emitter in00:55:22
reverse direction between collector and emitter in00:55:24
direction sent all the tips between00:55:27
collector and emitter let's see between base00:55:29
and in reverse direction it does not mark and here it00:55:33
marks me so here I could give you a00:55:35
indicator that is damaged but it is not00:55:37
damaged because what we are measuring is00:55:39
the resistance between the base and the emitter.00:55:41
Remember that there is resistance, as you are00:55:43
seeing there, this resistance is what they00:55:45
are giving you this measurement and not only00:55:46
that between the collector and the emitter, it should not00:55:48
mark but here in this sense between00:55:51
collector and emitter it should not mark the00:55:53
collector here it does not mark but in the other00:55:57
direction it marks due to the presence of the diode00:55:58
here we are measuring the clamping diode00:56:01
that I was talking about00:56:03
here mark This is the clamping diode that they were00:56:06
talking about so you have to have00:56:08
a lot Be careful when we look at00:56:11
darlington transistors taking into00:56:12
account your opinion that we are seeing there00:56:14
either between base and emitter in the00:56:18
reverse direction and between collector and emitter in the00:56:22
direct direction there it sounds between collector00:56:25
in the reverse direction it should not sound and00:56:27
here it sounds in reverse due to the presence of the00:56:30
clamping diode this danito00:56:33
tip 125 transistor is in good condition let's go00:56:37
Now to test number 800:56:40
here test number 8 and here comes the topic00:56:43
of what we have already seen in the past00:56:46
The00:56:47
corn diode and Barrier rectifier here00:56:50
we are looking at this00:56:51
mospec00:56:52
s 16c40c is a double diode to tell00:56:57
the truth it is a double diode that is to say00:57:00
this we are going to test number 8 here00:57:06
that diode00:57:11
This is a diode we00:57:14
have already talked a long time00:57:17
ago I think a year ago about00:57:20
the Chucky diodes and how to test them with00:57:22
the multimeter This is a special diode00:57:24
because it is a double diode and a00:57:26
co220 encapsulation this00:57:29
16s40c moving the pin distribution00:57:31
and the truth is that it is nothing out of this00:57:33
world this device has a double00:57:36
diode00:57:38
here00:57:42
that is, on pin 1 it is a diode on00:57:46
pin 2 is the negative and on the cathode and on00:57:49
pin 3 is the other diode so what we00:57:52
are going to do is simply measure00:57:53
the continuity and the presence of a00:57:56
diode on the left and a diode on the00:57:58
right then of Likewise,00:58:02
as you can see, we are going to test the00:58:05
diodes and with this homemade tool, which00:58:08
is impressive, then we have seen00:58:11
that in the central tap it must be00:58:13
connected to the Central pin, there it must sound.00:58:19
Then the tap, which is the central pin, on00:58:21
the left there must be a diode there00:58:23
in a direct direction a diode and to the00:58:26
right there should be another diode if I00:58:29
reverse the leads it should not sound00:58:32
on the left it should not sound and to the00:58:35
right neither This is an indicator00:58:38
that the double shift diode a double00:58:41
choke diode barrier rectifier is in00:58:44
good condition now let's go to test00:58:45
number 9 and here things are getting00:58:49
complicated because we are seeing00:58:51
more things that are difficult to measure we are00:58:55
talking about a scr a00:58:57
silicon controlled rectifier for our00:58:59
test we are going to use this msr00:59:04
this mcr 10600:59:09
script 8 a service controlled rectifier00:59:12
that we have tested and00:59:14
used extensively here on my00:59:15
YouTube channel here we can see the00:59:19
pin distribution of this00:59:21
silicon controlled rectifier and00:59:24
in our case we are going to use, as00:59:26
this scr told you, the msr00:59:28
106 -8 you are seeing we have used it00:59:31
extensively here on my YouTube channel00:59:32
We are going to invert the position we are going to00:59:35
be this way in front we are going to put it like this00:59:36
for a better distribution of00:59:39
Pins and the symbol of a we are going to put00:59:41
the symbol on the right there is a anode00:59:47
a cathode00:59:49
there is an anode00:59:52
a cathode and here there is a00:59:55
control pin which is the gate no01:00:00
and we can see that in this way in reverse01:00:03
we are going to test it with the paper there01:00:04
we can realize that the Gate is01:00:08
the one on the left the gate the anode01:00:10
or anode is connected to the tap and the01:00:14
cathode to the right so that this01:00:16
device conducts between anode and01:00:19
I need a trigger voltage between the01:00:22
gate and the cato between the gate01:00:26
that is, I am going to measure this01:00:28
junction junction delivers 94 But what happens with01:00:31
The test with the triat we will not be01:00:33
able to lock it with a tool01:00:35
like this And what's more,01:00:37
we cannot even test01:00:38
a scr and a triat with a conventional multimeter because the voltage and01:00:42
current it delivers are too small01:00:44
to be able to leave it in lock,01:00:46
so what We are going to measure the01:00:49
junction between the gate and the cathode, eye, we are01:00:52
not going to lock it. Ok, so we have01:00:56
said that the gate is on the left,01:00:58
so reversed,01:01:00
the anode is the central tap and the and the01:01:03
cathode is the pin on the left or the01:01:06
right Better said here the tap is01:01:08
connected in this case to the anode look01:01:10
here there must be continuity01:01:15
Ok and between anode and cathode there is no01:01:19
continuity either in one direction or the other01:01:21
because the Sr is not locked and what's more01:01:23
we will not be able to lock with a voltage01:01:25
of this type Not here either But what01:01:28
we are going to prove is that between the01:01:30
gate and the cathode, in this case between01:01:32
the gate and the cathode, that is,01:01:35
between this pin01:01:38
and this one, there01:01:39
must be a01:01:41
very small trigger voltage and we are going to see01:01:46
between the gate and the case and if I01:01:48
invert there should not be that01:01:52
reverse diode because it only works in01:01:54
direct polarization in one direction.01:01:55
Remember that the scr works in only one01:01:59
of the quadrants while the01:02:01
trials work in both quadrants, that01:02:03
is, with the semicircle positive and the01:02:04
negative semicircle the idr only01:02:06
works with the positive semicircle01:02:08
therefore it should only01:02:11
fire between in this case the01:02:14
gate and the cathode there as you are01:02:16
seeing01:02:18
but the other way around if I invert the tip it01:02:22
should not happen01:02:26
These are an indicator that the scr is in01:02:29
good condition although it is true01:02:30
we did not test the interlocking of the SCR But01:02:32
at least we know that between the gate01:02:35
and the cathode it is ready to be01:02:38
fired and it works and in the01:02:40
opposite direction it does not This is a reliable test01:02:41
it is a real test of a SCR now01:02:44
let's go to test number 10 and to01:02:48
finish this video test01:02:50
number 10 look at all the time and01:02:52
work it took me so that you01:02:54
can learn with a01:02:57
very interesting tool This is a triac01:03:00
and for our case we are going to use this01:03:04
trial01:03:06
the bt -13701:03:10
600cbt 137 600c here on the left01:03:16
I am showing you the pin out of this01:03:18
transistor and we are going to draw here on the01:03:20
paper The in this tenth test we are going01:03:24
to draw on the paper the symbol of a01:03:26
triac01:03:29
with black here01:03:34
this is already01:03:37
very simple we have already seen a lot of it Here01:03:39
on my YouTube channel they are double01:03:41
Remember that a triat is two two this01:03:44
scr scr connected in an anti01:03:46
parallel sense we have also already seen this01:03:49
and here the gate exists01:03:55
there here the gate exists01:03:58
for our case it would come to The bt01:04:01
13701:04:03
60c is one of the widely used in01:04:08
electronics and here we have the mail 2 pay attention01:04:11
to detail mt201:04:13
the terminal 1 and on the left the01:04:18
gate we have also already01:04:19
talked about this a lot Here on my YouTube channel01:04:21
so that the triac is triggered in the two01:04:24
quadrants in the quadrant of the01:04:25
positive semicircle and the negative cycle01:04:27
we always need to trigger the01:04:29
gate with respect to the mail terminal01:04:31
remember this very, very, very01:04:33
important the gate with respect to the01:04:36
Main terminal 1 not with respect to the01:04:38
2000 to 2 Simply because no We are going to01:04:40
perform the interlocking in both01:04:42
quadrants and current will circulate01:04:44
between mt2 and mt1 or the tmt one mm201:04:47
depending on how it is progressed01:04:49
according to the input signal of the01:04:51
gate with respect to eye amt1. Taking01:04:54
this into account, it is tested the same as a01:04:56
scr but in two quadrants, that is,01:05:00
taking this into account, we can test01:05:03
between the gate and it incriminates me, one in01:05:05
one direction and in another direction it should01:05:07
be triggered. Ok, remember that we do not have01:05:09
the necessary coordinate voltage even in01:05:12
a multimeter, therefore we are not going to01:05:14
carry out the interlocking between mt2 and mt1,01:05:16
that is, we are not going to allow01:05:18
m2 to conduct current01:05:20
when I triggered it, but we are still going to01:05:23
test the triggering in both quadrants.01:05:26
So as you are seeing the01:05:29
bt-137 600e here, here we are seeing the01:05:33
distribution of Pins, we can see01:05:37
that we have pin 1 is in this case01:05:41
pin 1 would be in Main terminal 101:05:43
no me incriminate one pin 2 is me01:05:47
incriminate 2 and the gate is pin 301:05:51
no so in both directions we are going to01:05:54
untangle the tips in both directions01:05:56
First here the tap is connected to01:06:00
Main Terminal 2 it should sound either in one01:06:04
direction or the other, we01:06:07
already know that the Main finished01:06:10
between 2000 there should be no connection there01:06:15
there is nothing if I invert the points I01:06:17
will not see anything01:06:22
OK But yes between the gate and the Main01:06:26
ends the one the gate to01:06:28
fire this triat we have said that the01:06:31
gates to the right and I fired01:06:33
with a positive voltage here with01:06:34
respect to the 2000 to 1 the 20 gives me one the01:06:37
one the one on the left and if I shot01:06:39
here it should sound01:06:43
And if I exchange the points in a01:06:45
quadrant in the second01:06:47
negative semicycle it should also sound because it is01:06:49
a day that there are two Gods in this case two01:06:52
scr inverted and placed in01:06:55
parallel antiin here it should also sound01:06:57
and it is an indicator that The trial is01:06:59
in a state, although it is true as I01:07:00
repeat again. How it happens, I don't know cssr,01:07:02
we are not locking the Trigger, at01:07:05
least we are testing its willingness to be01:07:07
able to drive in both quadrants from01:07:09
the gate with respect to the Main01:07:11
terminal 1, this trial the bt- 137 606 is01:07:15
in good condition thumbs up and now01:07:18
let's go to the last two tests of two01:07:20
old acquaintances we are going to test First01:07:22
this one here is test 11 Look at the01:07:25
amount of tests we are doing01:07:26
with a simple tool with few01:07:28
components we are going to test the transistor01:07:32
mosfet01:07:33
wants to leave me the01:07:37
mosfet pen this is channel in the eye with the01:07:39
detail I don't have p channel you can01:07:41
try it anyway and for this mode the n channel I have01:07:44
chosen the irf01:07:46
z44 n widely used in many01:07:50
electronics projects01:07:52
here on the left I am leaving the01:07:56
arrangement of Pins and in all mosfet01:07:58
There are three Pins, not01:08:00
One two and three the Gate01:08:04
here we are seeing what it would be like01:08:07
is gay with gate drain connected to the01:08:13
tap The middle pin and source01:08:16
the pin on the right I make it important to01:08:18
keep in mind The thing is that for this01:08:21
mosfet to drive muse draw it01:08:22
quickly here on the right we are going to01:08:26
do it quickly01:08:29
so that you can learn more01:08:31
about the muffith Although we have already01:08:33
seen it a lot Here on my YouTube channel01:08:37
This is from channel n Here is the other one the01:08:42
other contact01:08:45
goes this way and here is the other one. Then01:08:49
we have the drain,01:08:52
the dryer, the gate or the gate and the01:08:56
dispenser01:08:57
and something important here is that between01:09:00
these ends there is a01:09:04
clamping diode, not good, here a zener diode appears01:09:08
but to tell the truth It is a01:09:11
protection cramping diode, not as we saw01:09:13
in the Darlington transistor, a01:09:15
clamp diode, so be01:09:18
very careful so that this mosfet01:09:21
conducts. I need to advance the01:09:22
gate with respect to the source and01:09:24
since it is an irrefz 44, the gate at the01:09:27
voltage level of three between the01:09:29
gate and the source is between 2 and 401:09:32
volts, this device has 3.701:09:34
volts or so, it delivers between the01:09:36
tips between two point five to three01:09:37
volts, more than enough to01:09:39
trigger the mosfet and make01:09:41
current flow between the gate and the source.01:09:44
If I apply a voltage, I put the01:09:46
positive tip here and the negative tip here of01:09:50
our tool, I can trigger01:09:53
this01:09:54
mosfet and make it circulate a01:09:55
trainer current, which is what we are going to test01:09:57
right now. Ok This is the irfz 44n,01:10:01
which is the penultimate one. test could be the01:10:04
irf-z the irf 530 540 520 any in01:10:10
this case is an n channel monster01:10:12
and we are going to start the test in the same01:10:15
way the central tap is connected to the01:10:18
as I told you the central tap to the01:10:21
drain here it should sound01:10:25
and a determinant and the source there is01:10:28
nothing but before that we are going to01:10:29
discharge the mosfet01:10:33
so between the drain and the source01:10:36
there is nothing01:10:38
but for me to trigger the mofe01:10:41
I need a vgs voltage between the01:10:43
gate and the source here I trigger it01:10:46
and now it did trigger the you are watching01:10:50
Again01:10:52
I download the mode because of the static that has not01:10:54
remained charged ok01:10:58
drain entity between jets there is01:11:02
nothing look there is nothing to trigger it I01:11:05
give a vgs voltage between the gate01:11:07
and the jet there and then there is already01:11:11
communication between the trainer and the pump, it's01:11:14
that simple In this way I am already01:11:17
testing that when I apply a01:11:19
vgs voltage here I am making sure that between the01:11:23
source gate there is a01:11:25
drain current01:11:27
in this one component Brian01:11:32
over here and make him drive the mobile01:11:35
thumbs up with the and to end01:11:38
the video Let's talk now yes Now01:11:40
yes about your cousin brother the igbt and gbt01:11:46
gentlemen What a homemade tool like this01:11:48
will be able to measure test number 12 your01:11:52
first hand choose Go to combine01:11:55
This igbt video we have not talked01:11:57
widely here on my YouTube channel it01:11:59
is not the first time I talk about igbts01:12:01
we have made two or three videos about01:12:03
the following01:12:05
igbt also channel n to finish the01:12:07
video and for our case we are going to use01:12:10
this igbt channel n which we01:12:12
have also used before this01:12:16
gb20b 60 pd is An n-channel igbt we are going to01:12:21
diagram here, I am leaving01:12:23
the symbol and the01:12:26
arrangement of pins on the left below, we are also going to make01:12:28
the symbol here so that you01:12:30
can know it, it is one of the01:12:33
igbts Because there, yes, there is, there is more01:12:36
of two symbols for the igbts Here is01:12:39
one, let's put it like this to finish01:12:41
this video Because it is a little extensive01:12:42
But it is worth it when01:12:44
knowledge is shared, gentlemen, when01:12:46
knowledge is shared, time is not important01:12:48
because we all learn, you and I,01:12:51
by doing each one of these videos here01:12:53
This is the symbol Here is another one on the01:12:57
low date There we are seeing the same on the01:13:00
left side of the symbol and something01:13:02
important to keep in mind here is that it01:13:04
also has its protection diode, what I was01:13:05
talking about, no, but I will tell you it is a01:13:07
diode Conventional does not have the shape of01:13:09
a zener diode01:13:16
and in the igbt the gate maintains01:13:22
a line eyeing the detail the01:13:24
gate the collector no longer exists a01:13:26
drain but a collector and at the01:13:29
bottom the emitter that is to say changes the01:13:32
drain that would be now01:13:33
collector and the supplier are now emitters,01:13:36
therefore the distribution of pins is not01:13:38
in an igbt transistor like this one, for01:13:41
example, so01:13:43
the gds would otherwise be Gate eye01:13:47
Gate or reader01:13:50
emitter01:13:54
eye and collector and emitter There we are01:13:56
seeing the same distribution of01:13:57
Gay Collector emitter pins in an01:14:00
n channel igbt transistor and in the same way so01:14:02
that it chooses vt to conduct like the01:14:05
mosfet I need a trigger voltage01:14:08
between the gate and the emitter eye with01:14:11
the detail that exceeds that it is within01:14:14
two or four volts at a minimum and01:14:16
its standard threshold voltage of between01:14:19
5 and 20 volts then between the01:14:21
gate and the emitter so I apply a01:14:24
voltage at those values I can make01:14:26
the current circulate between the collector01:14:30
to the emitter.01:14:32
We are not interested in this diode because it is a01:14:34
diode humanitarian eye protection01:14:35
So let's now test this01:14:37
igbt transistor01:14:40
Remember pin 1 on the left is the01:14:43
gate and pin 2 in the center is the01:14:45
collector that is connected to the tap That is01:14:47
the metal part and pin 3 on the01:14:50
right is the emitter So Here what I01:14:52
could do is first test the01:14:55
arrangement of the Tap here measure01:15:02
the tap and it actually marks me I can01:15:05
put it like this in one direction in another Ok01:15:07
so what I am going to do is01:15:10
first download the voltages and between01:15:14
collector and emitter the emitter in In this case, there01:15:20
should be no continuity on pin 3.01:15:23
And if I trigger it between the emitter and the01:15:26
gate, I trigger it here and now it already01:15:29
exists and not only that, between01:15:33
collector and emitter, there is an01:15:36
inverted diode, therefore, if I put the01:15:39
tip on the01:15:40
negative collector in reverse and the emitter in the01:15:44
positive must drive this diode01:15:51
in the opposite direction, as you can see, in the same01:15:54
way I am testing this igbt in01:15:56
test number 12 of this impressive01:15:59
tool01:16:01
that I share with you in this video.01:16:04
This is a very, very01:16:06
interesting tool that everything electronic should01:16:08
have in your workshop in your laboratory if you01:16:11
really love electronics like me and01:16:13
it is your passion please do not forget01:16:15
to like this video remember to01:16:17
like my video it becomes free it does not01:16:19
cost you support this channel and we can do so01:16:20
much the audience, you and this01:16:22
channel can grow together. Likewise, I01:16:24
invite you to follow me on all my01:16:25
social networks, Twitter, Facebook and01:16:27
Instagram. If you don't remember, in the01:16:28
description of this video you will find01:16:30
the direct links so that you can01:16:31
follow me on all my social networks without01:16:33
no problem also01:16:35
He told them that we have enabled the super01:16:37
Thank you or super trans here on my01:16:39
YouTube channel you can support this01:16:41
educational work by giving me a super trans01:16:43
so that we can acquire more01:16:44
electronic components like this for01:16:46
the following projects here on my01:16:48
channel from YouTube, something very important, we01:16:49
have also enabled membership01:16:52
here on my YouTube channel, you can01:16:54
become a member of this great01:16:55
electronic community and have access to countless01:16:57
benefits, such as being01:16:59
named in the videos that01:17:00
the members of my channel are watching,01:17:03
active members. This date brings01:17:06
a small but significant contribution month after month01:17:10
to this channel, there you see the01:17:11
names of the people who are part01:17:13
of the membership of this channel and not01:17:16
only that, they will also have01:17:17
access to countless benefits, such as01:17:19
those behind of cameras01:17:21
according to the plan you subscribe to and,01:17:23
most importantly, have access to the01:17:24
files to send the01:17:26
PCB cards to be manufactured, which I usually do in some01:17:28
very, very special videos on01:17:30
PCB cards and card design.01:17:34
Likewise, I invite you to Subscribe01:17:35
to my channel if you are not subscribed,01:17:36
please do not forget to activate the01:17:38
bell so that you receive01:17:40
notifications every time I upload a01:17:42
new video. Thank you very much for your01:17:43
attention and I look forward to seeing you as always in the01:17:45
following week for more01:17:46
electronics videos. with permission technologyDescription:
Este video está patrocinado por @OfficialPCBGOGO que brinda servicios rápidos de creación de prototipos de PCB, regístrese ahora para obtener un cupón de $ 50. https://www.pcbgogo.com/ En este video Aprenderás a Construir esta Herramienta Casera con componentes de Electrónica Básica muy simple con la cual podrás medir todo tipo de Componentes Electrónicos diciéndole ADIÓS al Multímetro, si deseas apoyarme dale un Like y Comparte mis videos. Conviértete en miembro de mi canal para disfrutar de ventajas y beneficios especiales: https://www.youtube.com/@HumbertoHiginio/join Donativo voluntario: Puedes apoyarme en esta labor educativa haciendo un donativo que servirá para cubrir los gastos de nuevos componentes electrónicos para los nuevos proyectos en mi canal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?cmd=_donations&business=humberto_higinio%40hotmail%2ecom&lc=PE&item_name=Canal%20de%20Youtube%20%2d%20Humberto%20Higinio&no_note=0¤cy_code=USD&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donateCC_LG%2egif%3aNonHostedGuest PCBgogo es un fabricante profesional de ensamblaje de PCB y prototipos de PCB llave en mano. Especializados en la creación rápida de prototipos de PCB en tan solo 24 horas y en la fabricación puntual de ensamblajes de PCB de alta calidad a un precio asequible. Servicio confiable con certificación UL, ISO 9001 y compatible con los estándares RoHS y REACH. ¡Todos los clientes de PCBgogo nuevos o recurrentes pueden aprovechar un increíble cupón de descuento de 50 dólares al pedir PCB personalizados de alta calidad fabricados profesionalmente! Y además, Fr-4 y PCB de aluminio ahora tienen un 10 % de descuento con un increíble 30 % de descuento en PCB Flex y Rigid-Flex. Suscríbete a mi canal: https://www.youtube.com/@HumbertoHiginio Mira el video anterior: ✅ TIENES QUE VER ESTO 👀 👉 LA MAS SIMPLE y SENCILLA ALARMA ACTIVADA POR UN PIR - TEORIA y PRACTICA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v09fbfasTT0 Descarga el Diagrama Esquematico: https://photos.onedrive.com/share/169928B23BE31257!4110?cid=169928B23BE31257&resId=169928B23BE31257!4110&authkey=!AH6KehfbHKMb5Dc&ithint=photo&e=TQImHy Sígueme en mis redes sociales: Página web personal: http://www.humbertohiginio.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Twitter: https://twitter.com/hhiginio Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Para consultas de negocios, patrocinios, revisiones de productos de Electrónica, Ciencia y Tecnología comuníquese conmigo: [email protected]
Preparing download options
* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."
** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players
Questions about downloading video
How can I download "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!" video?
http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.
Which format of "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!" video should I choose?
The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.
Why does my computer freeze when loading a "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!" video?
The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.
How can I download "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!" video to my phone?
You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "✅ IMPRESIONANTE HERRAMIENTA CASERA! ADIOS AL MULTIMETRO, MIDE TODOS LOS COMPONENTES ELECTRONICOS!"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.