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Next video: 11 класс - Литература - О.Э. Мандельштам. Жизнь и творчество. Лирика

11 класс - Литература - О.Э. Мандельштам. Жизнь и творчество. Лирика

11 класс - Литература - О.Э. Мандельштам. Жизнь и творчество. Лирика

Channel: Онлайн Гимназия #1

Онлайн-гимназия

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[music]

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good afternoon, the topic of today's lesson is the

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modern idea of the

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origin of life,

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there are several hypotheses about the

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origin of life on earth, they can be

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divided into 2 groups beggin' with the

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origin of living from living, this

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includes the hypothesis of panspermia

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and the stationary state of

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Aberdeen with the origin of living from

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non-living, the hypothesis of spontaneous generation also

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biochemical evolution In

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1924, the domestic scientist biochemist

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Oparin published a work on the origin of

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life, which

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forced the whole world to take a fresh look

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at the question of the origin of life on earth,

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according to the hypothesis put forward to a couple of us,

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life originated on earth, they were brought

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from space in

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his work, Oparin emphasized that

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the first coming and organisms are just

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bandages in the course of a series of chemical and

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physical processes, the stage of chemical

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evolution that took place over a

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long time in the conditions of a young

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planet acquired the properties of organisms,

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after which the stage of the struggle for

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existence and selection of living beings began

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in accordance with the patterns

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identified by Darwin, this is according to

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biological evolution

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[music]

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according to modern scientific data

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earth formed 6 billion years

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ago from a gas and dust cloud consisting

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of an accumulation of gas and frozen dust

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particles

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formed by various chemical

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elements, gradually this cloud near the

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Lodz cloak and heated up in it,

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the suns and primary planets were formed,

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then when the celestial bodies cooled,

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their structures were determined, so

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the core appeared on the earth the mantle of the cara and the primary

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atmosphere of the

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primary atmosphere contained

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hydrogen, water vapor, as well as carbon

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dioxide, methane and ammonia, thanks to the condensation of

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water vapor, the waters of the

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primary world ocean were formed, according to

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Oparin, with the help of ultraviolet energy

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and the electrical energy of

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lightning discharges, in the oxygen-free conditions of the young

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earth, the synthesis of organic substances could begin

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from inorganic,

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that is, chemical evolution,

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in 1953, the American scientist Stan Lee

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Miller and Harald Yuri designed an

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installation in which they quite accurately

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reproduced the conditions of the ancient earth and

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atmosphere and oceans in a

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special flask through a mixture of gases

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methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapor at a

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temperature of 80 degrees Celsius

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passed an electric discharge

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simulating a lightning discharge after a week in the

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condensate formed as a result of

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cooling the contents of the flask,

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simple organic

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compounds were discovered - lactic acid, urea and

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some amino acids - this is how

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experimental confirmation of the hypothesis

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about Allen was obtained; there

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were other points of view, for example, the

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British scientist John Alden assumed

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that the formation of complex organic

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substances from simpler ones can

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occur by crystallization of

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protein molecules on some mineral

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substrate,

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there were other hypotheses, but they all

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agreed on the main thing, suggesting only a

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difference in the ways in which primary

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living organisms could have formed on

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our planet; the

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third step on the path of chemical

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evolution was the formation of

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membrane biopolymers structures,

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perhaps this happened as

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follows: organic compounds that were

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synthesized and biogenically

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dissolved in the waters of the world's oceans

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form a so-called organic

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broth, while insoluble proteins

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and carbohydrates

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formed

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a kind of captivity on the surface of the world's oceans, the waters of the world's

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oceans are in constant motion, which

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means it is possible as a result The

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constant movement of these films

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formed folds and bubbles

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thanks to a gust of wind, such bubbles

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could come off the surface and

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rise slightly upward and then falling again onto the

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surface of the world's oceans they were

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covered with a second layer of membranes.

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Perhaps this is how 1

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membrane organism was formed over millions of

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years the membranes were improved, which

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led to ultimately, to the emergence of the

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predecessors of living organisms, the so

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-called simply bandages about to be an you,

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according to Oparin, differed from

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real cellular organisms in that

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complex

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metabolic processes and the transfer of genetic

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information did not yet occur in them, the transition from pairs to be on the

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present cellular organism

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happened about three and a half

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billion years ago marked the beginning of

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biological evolution

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[music]

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