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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:02
hot. I think now almost every00:00:05
house has installed an air conditioner. It needs to be warmed up. The00:00:08
North Pole is definitely worth it. So this is00:00:11
the icebreaker. No big deal, we're starting.00:00:16
Okay, people, let's do it one more time; this is a nuclear00:00:20
icebreaker that is heading to the North00:00:22
Pole; you've already seen stories from Ruslan00:00:25
and Yan you already know a lot about this trip00:00:28
But this time we will analyze the00:00:30
technical component of a nuclear00:00:32
icebreaker, talk about it with cool00:00:35
specialists and break everything down to00:00:37
atoms here, for this we will go back 5 days ago,00:00:42
today we have a jackpot in one place,00:00:45
three icebreakers out of seven 50 years of00:00:48
our Victory red-haired handsome man here00:00:51
is the Arctic blue and white00:00:54
Vaygach interesting fact It would seem00:00:57
nuclear energy Modern00:00:59
technology but I am older than this00:01:02
handsome red-haired man by several months if I was00:01:06
born on July 3, 1989, then he was laid down on00:01:09
October 4, also 1989, but here Type everyone00:01:14
is joking, so I take this opportunity to say00:01:16
hello to all my friends, family and loved ones00:01:19
and I want to say I ate And we are also00:01:23
nuclear powered00:01:25
Here we are And there are also a lot of smart and00:01:29
talented children and they really want to00:01:31
get into this video so Look00:01:34
at them00:01:36
[music]00:01:42
[ applause]00:01:48
[music]00:01:59
Well, now let's go to the North00:02:02
Pole, all that's left is to check in and have a00:02:05
good time00:02:09
[applause]00:02:11
[music]00:02:12
[applause]00:02:19
our journey to the North Pole took00:02:21
several days, during which time we00:02:24
tried to film and tell you00:02:25
a lot of interesting things in00:02:28
Various experts who were with us00:02:31
on the icebreaker helped us with this. So make yourself00:02:33
comfortable, it will be interesting for a long time, now it will be00:02:37
interesting00:02:41
to start, we decided with everyday issues and00:02:44
a little emotions to set us in the right00:02:47
mood,00:03:00
most likely the wind is blowing, everything will not be00:03:09
[music]00:03:12
we are on the icebreaker, you know why I I’m sitting and00:03:16
they’re standing, Because if I get up, I’m00:03:19
very scared, it’s blowing like that,00:03:26
now magic will happen here. Let’s00:03:30
look carefully at this watch.00:03:34
We were deceived by00:03:35
our guide on the icebreaker. Lenin said00:03:39
Exactly at midnight when you sail the00:03:42
first day to the North Pole. Pay00:03:45
attention to the clock and it will happen. magic00:03:49
on magic does not happen,00:03:54
look, the clock has started to move00:03:57
to move back two hours. So the00:04:00
clock hands have almost reached the00:04:03
required time because we must00:04:07
count at 10 o’clock, we are moving00:04:10
back two hours. To live as00:04:12
crew members of this ship with a difference of two00:04:15
hours, this is necessary for the convenience of living00:04:19
together00:04:21
so that we don’t interfere with them Let’s briefly00:04:24
look at how the icebreaker works, for00:04:26
this let’s go to the engine room Where the00:04:28
various equipment00:04:29
that sets the ship in motion is located,00:04:34
one of the important units of the law is the00:04:37
evaporation installation if the skid, the ship,00:04:40
thanks to the reaction, is able to00:04:42
function for quite a long time, up to00:04:44
five years, then a person cannot do this, at a00:04:47
minimum he needs fresh water, which is00:04:50
produced by this installation,00:04:52
and there are two of them here. People also00:04:55
need heat. A00:04:58
low-pressure steam generator helps with this. And00:05:01
when the reactor shuts down, an00:05:04
auxiliary installation00:05:09
[music] enters the00:05:20
room with turbogenerators very00:05:23
it’s noisy, therefore, for comfortable work00:05:25
there is a00:05:44
fairly large engine00:05:46
room. As you can see, there is a lot of empty00:05:49
space and even if you go up the00:05:51
stairs there there is another compartment, the00:05:54
remaining compartments are quite cramped. Well,00:05:57
because the icebreaker and here it is very important to place a large amount in a00:06:01
small volume in a small space00:06:03
various00:06:05
objects and various equipment00:06:08
let's go Let's look further,00:06:10
behind that bulkhead there is a nuclear00:06:13
reactor in which Uranium fission occurs00:06:15
in order to protect us from00:06:18
ionizing radiation, here there00:06:19
is biological protection,00:06:22
what it consists of and whether it protects us we00:06:25
will find out a little later00:06:26
[music]00:06:36
this gives him greater maneuverability the movement drives them00:06:45
[music]00:06:53
answers This is the steering machine that00:06:57
can be controlled,00:07:08
what else is important on the ship00:07:11
since there is a nuclear00:07:13
power plant, you may00:07:16
have a question about radiation00:07:18
safety while on the icebreaker,00:07:20
to make sure that everything is safe, the00:07:24
specialist with whom we will help Let's take00:07:26
measurements of the radiation background in different00:07:28
areas,00:07:34
now you and I of the aft power plant,00:07:37
there behind the bulkhead there is a reactor00:07:40
compartment, that is, the immediate00:07:43
maximum proximity of the working premises00:07:46
to the reactor installation,00:07:48
we measure the background,00:07:55
we fix00:07:56
on average00:07:58
01700:08:02
for understanding, the00:08:04
natural background is 01 microhour00:08:11
[music]00:08:15
Here, too, the reactor compartment is00:08:19
not far00:08:22
here the readings are a little higher but00:08:27
about 0.8 microsieversch Even if there are00:08:30
children here it will be safe for them00:08:32
So let's go to another cabin00:08:35
some00:08:39
[music]00:08:43
all over the ship there are00:08:46
sensors sensors of different types00:08:50
sensors allow you to monitor the00:08:52
radiation situation00:08:54
directly We are standing on the sensor00:08:55
gamma radiation such sensors, information00:08:59
from them flows to the post on the00:09:04
dosimetrist's console where he can directly00:09:09
monitor the radiation installation on the00:09:12
ship in real time, if something00:09:14
traditionally dangerous passes by here, the person at the console will00:09:17
immediately know about it,00:09:27
our bedroom is about 800 microsieverts, I remind you00:09:33
I remind you that the natural background is00:09:36
in the region of 0.100:09:39
microsievert. You ask why so little00:09:42
because we find inside an00:09:45
iron ship that blocks natural00:09:48
radiation00:09:58
on the open deck of the icebreaker there is one00:10:01
participant in the area Where the00:10:06
controlled Zone Where so many00:10:09
personnel of group A are allowed to enter borders00:10:12
directly Just a00:10:14
small modest with a railing It borders00:10:16
on the free zone Let's see that the00:10:20
hoods themselves are lids00:10:23
that cover the room in different ways, so-00:10:26
so Nothing special00:10:30
and that's all00:10:32
up to 02 in general I consider the natural fund 0 2500:10:36
there is Franz Josef Land, right here we00:10:39
measured it, we do it and we look at the last00:10:42
land on the way to the North Pole Question,00:10:44
this ventilation shaft is correct00:10:46
Where does this reactor cooling come from? No, this is00:10:51
from the engine room, the machine compartment is00:10:54
very large, very powerful fans,00:10:56
all the ventilation is from the reactor compartment, the so-00:11:00
called special ventilation, it goes in a00:11:02
certain way, it goes from less00:11:06
polluted rooms to more00:11:08
polluted ones always a00:11:10
special vacuum is created so that God forbid00:11:12
nothing escapes and through my sensors00:11:16
that control what and how they00:11:19
come out of the pipe00:11:22
Yes, inside this pipe there is a separate00:11:25
pipe which is00:11:27
directly for special ventilation00:11:31
during work, the whole technology is00:11:33
made in this way, it is made as00:11:35
safe as possible, the fuel is transferred to00:11:38
special protective containers00:11:41
so that they understand it’s this size and00:11:45
there it’s so small, it’s00:11:47
small Yes, the fuel assembly is why00:11:50
Even when transferring the booth by air,00:11:53
the bottle is called the container, that’s what it’s00:11:55
called It’s very similar to the bottle,00:11:58
the radiation background does not increase at all00:12:01
Summing up our little00:12:04
excursion on traditional safety00:12:05
on the ship we can say that we have a00:12:09
very high level of security here, all the00:12:12
sensors that we have are dishes, different types of00:12:15
control of different means. Well, as you can see,00:12:18
everything green is very00:12:21
reassuring, everything is within normal limits, here00:12:24
we have all the sensors that are on the ship,00:12:25
they are conditionally divided into several groups, the00:12:29
first group technological control00:12:32
these are sensors located00:12:36
in the primary circuit of the reactor that00:12:39
directly monitors the coolant00:12:42
here we have the hardware room00:12:45
this is where the reactors themselves are located here the00:12:47
reactor mechanisms are also00:12:51
many sensors they monitor00:12:54
both neutron and gamma radiation the00:12:57
observation zone room this is everything that00:12:59
is around reactor like this,00:13:02
gas aerosol control is control over00:13:05
air flows, they can be both00:13:08
gases and aerosols that exist Well, there is a00:13:11
separate sensor block, these are possible00:13:14
leaks, this is when the first circuit can00:13:16
pass into the third into the second.00:13:18
In each of these possible00:13:22
places, a sensor is installed that00:13:24
also helps in time this is to track for00:13:28
each type of sensor its own units00:13:30
of measurement if we have00:13:32
gamma and neutron radiation measured in00:13:37
microsieverts per hour, the dose rate,00:13:39
respectively,00:13:41
gas-sol control is measured00:13:43
in vikirels per cubic meter; all00:13:46
devices that00:13:48
measure00:13:50
radiation, they are stationary for us,00:13:52
are located in passage places or are00:13:56
already here at the exit from the high security zone00:14:02
there was such thin ice, he got a00:14:08
thrill00:14:10
while we were walking along the corridors between the00:14:13
decks, we noticed that there was a00:14:15
Chemist here and we had a question:00:14:17
What is he doing here? Let's00:14:20
go visit him and ask00:14:22
him00:14:26
[ music]00:14:29
so basically I am involved in monitoring00:14:33
the parameters of00:14:35
water resources of all technological00:14:38
circuits. I am also involved in00:14:41
monitoring water treatment. That is, we have00:14:45
all the water that is on the icebreaker.00:14:47
Initially it is all sea water, we store it in a special00:14:49
way and then00:14:53
for various needs we prepare it00:14:58
either without oxygen we desalinize00:15:05
[music]00:15:08
and now we00:15:11
will carry out an analysis of the Salt content of the00:15:15
secondary circuit water to be fed; the analysis00:15:18
is carried out using conductometers or00:15:21
salimers. In this case, I have00:15:23
a Mark 603 product meter; the norm00:15:29
for make-up water is up to 1 mg per liter of00:15:33
salt content. Yes, well stains sodium00:15:36
second circuit we are00:15:40
preparing water under the heel for00:15:42
steam generators, then it is converted into00:15:45
steam which goes to the main condensers.00:15:47
Accordingly, this water should not00:15:49
contain a lot of salts because because of this the00:15:52
quality of the steam deteriorates, corrosion00:15:54
increases, that is, the equipment00:15:56
wears out faster and so for this purpose,00:15:59
not only is salt measured, the00:16:02
concentration of00:16:06
free chloride chlorides is also determined. When we were at the North00:16:09
Pole, I saw that00:16:11
water was taken from the ocean, how this is done and00:16:15
why, this is an innovation for us, starting this00:16:19
year we are monitoring the00:16:22
environment, this is exactly the00:16:27
route taken by tourists00:16:29
cruises this is the Barents Sea archipelago of00:16:32
Franz Josef Land and the North Pole.00:16:37
Our specific task is to take00:16:40
samples in accordance with the instructions and00:16:44
transport them, store them,00:16:46
preserve them and transfer them to00:16:48
our coastal laboratory. For00:16:51
further study, this00:16:54
water will mainly be used to search for00:16:56
man-made radionuclides; there is a00:16:59
laboratory as if the zones would be responsible00:17:02
for environmental monitoring00:17:04
So these are the samples I will take00:17:06
just there for00:17:08
environmental monitoring. They will00:17:10
look at the presence of00:17:16
[music] a00:17:20
large number of cool00:17:22
specialists and other areas have gathered. Let's00:17:25
find out what they can tell us and Let's00:17:28
start with the fact that they will tell us about00:17:30
what kind of nuclear reactors are installed00:17:33
on icebreakers.00:17:35
What types of reactors are there on icebreakers.00:17:39
We have four generations of reactor00:17:42
installations for nuclear icebreakers of00:17:44
the Russian Federation. The first generation00:17:46
is the Lenin icebreaker. This is the world's first00:17:49
nuclear icebreaker on which00:17:51
our reactor installation is installed. the development of the00:17:54
OK-150 is the first installation, you need to00:17:57
understand that it was designed without a00:18:00
ground-based prototype. It was an incredibly00:18:02
complex but at the same time an ambitious and00:18:04
interesting project, everyone was interested in00:18:07
how it would perform, check it in action,00:18:10
what would the first nuclear icebreaker be like, and00:18:13
after the icebreaker Lenin was00:18:15
designed, monitored how the00:18:17
reactor installation behaves for00:18:18
six years, identified its strengths and00:18:22
weaknesses. But the most important thing that00:18:24
operation showed is that icebreakers with nuclear00:18:27
reactor installations are much more powerful and have a00:18:29
longer service life due to the development of such00:18:32
icebreakers in the future of the Northern Sea00:18:34
Route. That's00:18:35
when it it was found out, it was decided00:18:38
to create a series of icebreakers and here we00:18:41
come to the second series to the second type of00:18:44
icebreakers This is the Arctic type, there is a series of00:18:48
icebreakers on which there are Oka00:18:52
900a installations, this is the next class of reactor00:18:55
installations. And by the way, exactly the same one00:18:58
is installed on the icebreaker 50 Let Pobeda00:19:00
because it is just the Arctic series,00:19:02
then the next generation it was the00:19:05
klt40 installation, we have it installed on00:19:09
two shallow-sitting icebreakers Taimyr and00:19:12
Vaygach, these are our twin brothers from the00:19:14
Finnish shipyard, they are shallow-sitting there is one00:19:16
reactor, they are engaged in carrying out00:19:19
here at the mouths of Siberian rivers where our00:19:22
huge icebreakers of the 50 Let Pobeda type,00:19:24
having00:19:26
such, let’s say, a large draft, cannot00:19:29
pass. In addition, the LT-40 was installed00:19:32
on the world’s first floating00:19:36
thermal power plant, Academician Lomonosov,00:19:38
which now powers the entire city of Pevek And, of00:19:41
course, the elevator carrier Northern Sea Route,00:19:43
which you and I By the way before00:19:46
our northern journey, we saw him in the00:19:49
port of Murmansk, he00:19:51
had just returned from escorting, he was transporting huge00:19:55
cargoes, he showed himself well, so forward00:19:58
to new achievements, and the latest00:20:02
fourth generation of reactor plants00:20:04
is the rhythm 200, the rhythm 200 is installed on00:20:08
icebreakers of the four deuce-0 series such00:20:11
as Arctic Siberia Yakutia, which00:20:15
is being completed at the Baltic Shipyard,00:20:16
the future Chukot icebreaker, it has already been laid down,00:20:19
one of the most powerful projects awaits us ahead of us,00:20:23
this is the project The leader icebreaker will be00:20:26
called Russia and on board there will be00:20:29
two Rhythm 400 reactor units, this00:20:32
will be the most powerful icebreaker that00:20:35
will be able to00:20:37
pilot ships year-round along the Northern Sea00:20:39
Route00:20:43
Mendeleev The Great Russian Chemist00:20:46
we all know this well, but00:20:49
did you know that he is also involved in the creation of the00:20:51
Russian icebreaker fleet no Now00:20:54
I’ll tell you00:20:56
the Minister of Finance Sergei Yuryevich Witte00:20:59
raised the question of how to get to the00:21:02
Far East to Sakhalin through the northern00:21:04
seas Dmitry Ivanovich suggested that you00:21:07
just need to go straight through the North00:21:10
Pole. It’s easier and faster.00:21:14
However, Vice Admiral Makarov believed that00:21:17
this would be a very risky step. And that it would be00:21:20
wiser to go along the North00:21:22
coast.00:21:24
Despite the disagreements, by the fall of00:21:28
1897 the issue of building00:21:31
an icebreaker was resolved. And already in In 1898, it was launched00:21:34
in England. Mendeleev was00:21:38
part of the commission on the00:21:40
design of the icebreaker. From several00:21:43
projects, the one proposed by the00:21:45
English company CAM was chosen. The icebreaker was named00:21:49
Ermak.00:21:51
Initially, the expedition program for the00:21:54
summer of 1899 included astronomical00:21:57
magnetic meteorological00:21:59
hydrological biological and00:22:02
chemical research.00:22:05
However, the plan changed and instead00:22:08
of going to the Bering Strait, the icebreaker00:22:11
headed to both Yenisei Mendeleev00:22:14
refused to participate in this expedition,00:22:19
despite this, Dmitry Ivanovich00:22:21
closely followed the fate of Ermak00:22:26
and the Mendeleevites did not believe in radiation until00:22:28
Becker demonstrated to him the00:22:30
phenomenon of radioactivity in his00:22:32
chemical laboratory like this so00:22:34
he could only fantasize about nuclear icebreakers00:22:38
and couldn’t even imagine00:22:40
that such a thing was possible. We are now walking00:22:43
along this edge. Here we are00:22:45
filming a stand-up about Mendeleev very beautifully, take 4.00:22:49
Not because I screwed up, but because the00:22:51
cameraman Sanechka really likes00:22:54
filming here, similar to heart if00:22:56
you look here from here00:22:57
[music]00:23:24
and now some interesting facts00:23:26
about the icebreaker the first icebreaker is correctly00:23:30
called lidodav and not an icebreaker it does not00:23:33
break the ice it crushes it it floats00:23:36
and crushes it the ice breaks under the weight00:23:39
Gena Sergeevna has a question Is it possible00:23:42
at the North Pole reach the00:23:45
bottom with an anchor No, this is absolutely impossible to do00:23:48
because the depth at the North Pole00:23:51
is00:23:52
4200 meters. Well then, how to anchor the00:23:56
icebreaker in one place in the00:23:57
North Pole area? Well, for this purpose in00:24:00
ice conditions we can use the00:24:02
so-called ice anchors; the icebreaker,00:24:05
roughly speaking, is moored to the ice floe You00:24:07
saw that we drilled through the ice at the North Pole,00:24:10
set up an Ice Anchor and put moorings on it00:24:13
only in this way, often00:24:15
modern equipment is designed00:24:17
so that it is as easy as possible to00:24:19
operate and they often say that even a child can fly this00:24:21
ship or let’s say this plane,00:24:23
can00:24:26
a child fly an icebreaker? if you00:24:28
bring us here And say that look,00:24:32
let’s say we want to go to the North00:24:34
Pole, enter us no, absolutely no,00:24:37
first of all, let’s start with the fact that00:24:39
in principle it is unrealistic to operate a nuclear icebreaker alone, a00:24:42
very large number of people must00:24:45
be simultaneously at different positions00:24:47
to perform different functions in order to in order for00:24:49
the icebreaker to have a successful show Well, this is firstly,00:24:53
and secondly, in order to control the00:24:54
icebreaker on the navigation bridge.00:24:57
Moreover, in the central control post, of00:24:59
course, you need to have some00:25:01
training, knowledge of physics, understanding of the00:25:04
processes occurring in the mechanisms and00:25:07
systems Well, and to know these00:25:09
mechanisms of the icebreaker accordingly we have our own00:25:12
pyrotechnics,00:25:13
this is not for fireworks, but for signal00:25:16
flares. Although who knows, maybe00:25:19
pyrotechnics are stored here for the New Year and for00:25:21
fireworks first, I know that you know00:25:24
the story of how teeth appeared on the icebreaker Yamal,00:25:26
can you tell us this00:25:28
interesting story in 1994 Last00:25:31
Century there was the first voyage with children00:25:36
from the first channel, then I don’t remember what it was00:25:39
called correctly, but with a live00:25:43
broadcast from the pole, and before this00:25:46
voyage it occurred to the senior mate00:25:53
to decorate the icebreaker a little.00:25:55
Well, there were no artists, so they drew00:25:58
according to the design features of the bow00:26:00
plating it turned out to have such teeth and there was a00:26:03
period00:26:05
they even painted over,00:26:07
but the tourists who went to the pole of the company00:26:11
who star in all the advertising00:26:13
booklets, it’s so toothy and it’s00:26:15
remained and since then the symbol is quite a lot. How did00:26:19
you first get on the icebreaker00:26:21
after distribution in 1987 at the00:26:26
end of the00:26:28
Murmansk shipping company arrived with00:26:31
the hope of getting on a transport ship,00:26:33
but the distribution was only icebreakers and00:26:40
after a long process of going through00:26:42
all the procedures when applying for a job, he00:26:45
was sent for a cold job.00:26:50
He ran00:26:52
to the pier where Since then, the00:26:57
icebreakers have been standing since then, the icebreaker was already leaving the00:26:59
pier, the tugs were already tied up, a couple of00:27:01
moorings remained. the gangway was removed from the pier and00:27:06
well I was noticed00:27:09
from the bridge the translation still needs to be taken by the young man00:27:12
and on the shore My future friend, the00:27:15
replacement man who was on shift was going on00:27:18
vacation found at least a board put the00:27:20
ladder down since the icebreaker was already00:27:22
selecting you so I hit the icebreaker on this board00:27:25
they could have directly if we were a little late,00:27:29
we would have been put on another00:27:31
interesting story. Let's imagine00:27:34
that before the meeting we met an Iceberg like the00:27:37
Titanic. What are the chances of an icebreaker00:27:40
compared to the Titanic? Well, the00:27:43
immeasurable00:27:44
size of the chances, firstly, we will00:27:47
notice, we will go around, but if we don’t notice, we will not go00:27:51
around, then00:27:52
Well, we will get a little scratched Let's break00:27:56
the dishes. Who will scratch the icebreaker00:27:59
or the Iceberg more? Well, the Iceberg00:28:03
will also crumble quite a bit in a collision. But after00:28:06
all, the icebreaker is designed for00:28:08
heavy ice, and it is well made, and the00:28:13
protection of the reactor itself is designed for that00:28:16
compartment to withstand the impact of the same00:28:20
icebreaker. Well, almost at full speed on board00:28:23
the very the last main question00:28:25
let me hum00:28:31
[music]00:28:46
[music]00:28:57
icebreaker00:28:59
there is no work of diesel engines that accompanies00:29:02
diesel passages there is constant vibration, I00:29:05
feel the hull here they said that they00:29:06
come out into clear water, there is practically00:29:08
no vibration And the feeling that it is standing And00:29:11
it is in clear water in general it00:29:13
can go very quickly up to 20-22 knots But this is not00:29:17
its main advantage, its main00:29:18
advantage is that it can go at00:29:20
high speed even on ice, which is why00:29:22
it was built. But these grinding sounds of these00:29:24
ices are inevitable because the contact of00:29:26
these huge oils with the steel hull00:29:29
It leads to such an interaction,00:29:31
it’s just that a piece breaks off,00:29:35
uh, it sinks into the water because it00:29:38
floats up and hits the hull with terrible00:29:40
force, and then such blows that00:29:42
could be protected occur due to the fact that00:29:44
these drowned people with fuel00:29:47
happen and hit there Another task is00:29:50
not to lose the propellers because I00:29:52
had to just now on a flight when the00:29:54
elbow of the propeller was broken,00:29:56
but this usually happens during00:29:58
reverse when with forward gear at the rear00:30:02
moment of stopping Vintage when it00:30:03
works and it won’t break, it mills00:30:06
Ice and that’s all when uh- uh, the blade00:30:08
stops and at this time a00:30:10
piece of ice approaches unsuccessfully, you can break it.00:30:12
Despite the fact that it is gigantic 7 T, the00:30:15
blade weighs separately, the blade is huge, such an00:30:16
icebreaker is of course a unique00:30:20
weaponry, and in fact I think that there is00:30:24
this is one of those achievements that00:30:27
we can be proud of because that not a00:30:30
single country has a nuclear or non-nuclear fleet, and00:30:32
we need it not just to show off that it’s00:30:34
better than everyone else because it’s00:30:35
really needed there. We have the longest00:30:38
extended Arctic border now00:30:39
due to the fact that00:30:42
oil and gas are being developed there very intensively and we need00:30:44
where the nonsense needs to be transported somehow,00:30:46
ensure circular delivery, navigation,00:30:49
without for this there is simply nothing to do,00:30:51
therefore, whoever has something for this, in00:30:53
fact, in the Arctic can consider himself the00:30:54
owner, you can say And who doesn’t have it00:30:57
for this, they can claim once00:31:00
I00:31:01
was asked That’s what it’s like there -I don’t00:31:04
know, the correspondent asked Denmark00:31:06
declared its rights to the North Pole00:31:08
closer to Ireland and so on,00:31:11
how is your relationship to this, you00:31:14
can declare everything, but for example when Yes, it’s not00:31:17
also a separate story, but00:31:18
if00:31:20
you take me, I want to add, take me00:31:22
to him since he’s yours they say then we00:31:25
rent Russian icebreakers then What to00:31:28
talk about the00:31:30
ozone layer is the part of the earth's atmosphere00:31:33
with the highest concentration of ozone you00:31:35
may have a question why I00:31:38
suddenly remembered about it now the fact is that the00:31:41
ozone layer is one of the main00:31:44
factors for the existence of00:31:46
highly developed life forms on earth and here, closer00:31:49
to the North Pole, there is an ozone00:31:52
hole in the South Pole. By the way, the same picture is00:31:55
good or bad. For us,00:31:59
they say a lot about the abazone layer of the earth. Some people are scared by the fact00:32:03
that it disappears quickly and irreversibly,00:32:05
so humanity has00:32:07
very little left to live; others reassure that00:32:10
ozone holes have always existed and this is a00:32:13
normal process that00:32:15
humanity cannot influence in any way through its activities,00:32:18
let’s figure it out. How00:32:21
things are in fact, it should be noted00:32:23
that our sun emits in a00:32:26
wide range of wavelengths, this is00:32:28
visible light, which we perceive, and00:32:31
ultraviolet radiation and00:32:32
infrared00:32:35
ultraviolet radiation are harmful for00:32:37
living organisms, it is capable of destroying00:32:40
DNA molecules, so I would like to somehow protect myself from it.00:32:46
Now let’s look at this00:32:48
picture, you can see that until there00:32:51
was oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere, life00:32:54
was exclusively in water, it was the upper00:32:57
layers of water that protected organisms from00:32:59
ultraviolet radiation for billions years Plankton00:33:02
produced oxygen and changed the00:33:04
chemical composition of the Earth's atmosphere A little00:33:07
over 400 million years ago, the00:33:10
oxygen content was only six tenths00:33:13
and ozone was only 80's from the current00:33:16
level, this was enough to00:33:19
protect Living cells from00:33:21
short-wave solar radiation,00:33:23
thanks to which living organisms gradually came to land00:33:26
when vegetation appeared on land,00:33:30
atmospheric oxygen began to00:33:32
accumulate faster and soon the00:33:34
content of oxygen and the ozone formed from00:33:37
it reached the current level.00:33:40
When a sufficiently dense00:33:43
layer of ozone was formed in the atmosphere, life was able to00:33:45
step onto land and begin that unique,00:33:48
perhaps unique in the Universe,00:33:50
entire evolution that gave such00:33:53
diversity living forms, including humans,00:33:55
so where does Ozone come from in the atmosphere?00:34:00
Almost the only source of ozone00:34:03
in the atmosphere is molecular oxygen,00:34:05
which under the influence of short-wave00:34:07
radiation photo dissociates into atoms. The00:34:10
mechanism of this process was first00:34:13
proposed in the early 30s of the last00:34:15
century by the English geophysicist Chapman,00:34:18
the reaction of ozone formation is00:34:21
as follows In this way, an oxygen molecule00:34:23
absorbs an ultraviolet quantum, as00:34:26
a result, atomic oxygen is formed,00:34:28
which in turn reacts with00:34:31
another oxygen molecule, so an ozone00:34:33
molecule is formed in the Earth’s atmosphere,00:34:35
this process occurs at an altitude of00:34:38
more than 30 km, thus the harmful00:34:42
short-wave part of ultraviolet00:34:44
radiation does not reach us on earth But00:34:48
on it doesn’t end there, because then00:34:51
part of the resulting ozone is destroyed under the00:34:55
influence of the00:34:56
long-wave part of ultraviolet radiation, that00:34:59
is, the season is constantly formed in00:35:02
the atmosphere and is constantly destroyed, and the00:35:04
reason for its occurrence is the00:35:07
very same ultraviolet radiation that is harmful to us;00:35:09
if there is no ultraviolet radiation, then00:35:12
ozone will not be formed, and so it00:35:15
happens at the poles during the Polar00:35:18
night We remember that the Earth has an inclination00:35:22
relative to the Sun in winter, this part is00:35:25
constantly illuminated at the moment at00:35:28
two o’clock in the morning and As you can see, there is light00:35:30
around us, Ozone is actively formed in the atmosphere,00:35:33
and on the opposite side of the Earth00:35:36
everything is the other way around there now Polar night00:35:39
Ozone there, on the contrary, is gradually consumed00:35:42
and new is not formed as a result and the00:35:46
same ozone hole is formed if you00:35:50
do not interfere with this process, then in00:35:52
principle everything is fine, however, anthropogenic00:35:55
emissions can lead to00:35:57
ozone molecules being destroyed and00:36:00
thus the fragile balance formed can be disrupted00:36:03
for hundreds of millions of years,00:36:06
therefore, our planet where we live is worth00:36:09
protecting both for ourselves and for other00:36:12
living organisms with whom we live00:36:14
next door00:36:15
[music] we00:36:42
literally see the North Pole itself,00:36:45
there are literally 100 meters left and we00:36:47
will find ourselves right here00:36:51
where the axes stick in the Globe in which00:36:54
the earth rotates This is exactly the axis that we are00:36:57
now observing, if you00:36:59
look through the window of the globe, the axis00:37:02
sticks out of the ground00:37:04
so that the Earth is not flat, it00:37:07
rotates on its axis00:37:12
[music]00:37:24
Look at these numbers, even 9000:37:28
0000:37:40
Welcome00:37:43
[music]00:37:54
[applause] [music]00:37:56
[applause]00:37:58
[music]00:38:11
[music]00:38:14
[applause]00:38:16
[music]00:38:23
why am I doing this00:38:41
as emotions, which00:38:46
means it’s time for the Experiments section,00:38:51
firstly at the North Pole we need00:38:54
to taste the snow, we found00:38:57
some a bunch of freshly fallen snow We00:39:00
take it with our hand,00:39:10
awesome as in the mountains, pure snow00:39:14
is good and now we will conduct an00:39:16
organoleptic analysis of the water and the00:39:19
Arctic Ocean, you00:39:21
have a special wine glass, a glass,00:39:25
half of it, a00:39:30
specially trained person will help us,00:39:32
I poured it myself, that’s00:39:36
enough,00:39:41
so to speak, We have a second glass that is00:39:44
better teacher of the year sea water on00:39:48
Polaris00:40:03
[laughter]00:40:08
looks a little like salty narz Just00:40:12
not carbonated now, like this the screws00:40:15
will turn on And Gazikov, well, let’s00:40:16
bring the most northern chemical00:40:20
experiment and with the help of this bottle we will inflate a00:40:22
balloon I won’t torment you for a long time00:40:25
and I’ll say right away that the experience it didn’t work out alas the00:40:28
balls turned out to be defective So we’ll00:40:31
leave this experiment for next time the00:40:34
snow00:40:46
3 drowned so learn00:40:50
In general, I transferred my quadcopter from the00:40:52
class of aircraft underwater00:41:19
[music]00:41:23
in the Arctic Circle00:41:28
[music]00:41:29
I’ll lay my heart on someone the snow knows everything00:41:38
until goodbye00:41:40
Mom, I’m now a00:41:43
polar explorer An important person00:41:46
[music]00:42:01
you’re still sending candy to my rockets,00:42:09
I’m leaving here in the fields, they’ll00:42:15
put me00:42:21
in cold snow, it’s falling00:42:25
[music]00:42:40
Is it possible to automate an icebreaker so00:42:42
that it goes to the North Pole on its own? Since00:42:45
our icebreaker does such cruises,00:42:49
is it possible? hang cameras on top,00:42:52
train neural networks so that they can00:42:54
look into the distance and if suddenly there are some00:42:56
Whales of margin and so on right away They00:42:59
detect that we have found some kind of00:43:01
interesting Alert ad should be00:43:03
given right away or some kind of mirrors right away how00:43:05
they are launched to do some00:43:07
footage that is, drones fly drones film the00:43:10
barge does not leave00:43:14
the margin closer to the icebreaker00:43:19
expedition machine vision essentially00:43:21
allows us to capture any object there,00:43:24
but again if there is enough00:43:26
data there I think there are00:43:28
generally enough photos of the margin on the Internet to00:43:29
realize such a story It00:43:36
seems clean to me it’s a thrill and it’s00:43:39
impossible to get used to it00:43:41
[music]00:43:49
[music] in00:44:17
29, the expedition under the leadership of00:44:21
Schmidt reached a00:44:23
new land, reached the land of France,00:44:26
organized permanent operations, the station00:44:29
left 7 winterers, and thus the00:44:32
radio operator of00:44:34
this wintering station went on the air with a00:44:39
statement that Russia had organized a00:44:43
permanent station and has00:44:46
every right to say that the00:44:48
François Land archipelago is00:44:51
a part of the00:44:53
Russian Federation and, in fact, it was00:44:55
she who then went around to the Arkhangelsk region,00:44:57
this is an archipelago, this is in short a picture for the00:45:01
new magician of Russia, which will be00:45:03
called the magician axis Franz Joseph, a00:45:05
screensaver on the desktop I think00:45:08
this is a great shot and if you think00:45:10
also, put likes As you understand guys,00:45:12
we are humorous, so we did not miss the00:45:14
opportunity to film the00:45:16
world chess champion Sergei00:45:18
Karyakin00:45:41
what a Serious opponent, the00:45:57
question is how these quantum computers00:46:01
can change The same nuclear00:46:05
industry How where can they find00:46:07
application somehow they can help or00:46:10
be integrated into the same00:46:12
icebreaker, look at what is the beauty of quantum00:46:15
computers in general, that they cannot solve a00:46:18
huge number of different problems, there00:46:20
is no specific area00:46:23
in which quantum computers can00:46:24
be used, there is simply a class of00:46:26
mathematical problems, these problems00:46:28
are found in in a huge number of00:46:29
areas, the icebreaker,00:46:33
first of all, we, of course, can00:46:35
optimize the materials from which the00:46:39
icebreaker is built, and that is, the icebreaker00:46:42
they will be built and then00:46:44
the question of safety is00:46:46
until the strength of the00:46:50
vessel walls themselves and other things are found on this icebreaker00:46:56
in St. Petersburg, they usually select00:46:58
materials correctly correctly computer00:47:01
You know why Why do we all do this00:47:03
empirically, simply by trying out00:47:06
different options? Because00:47:07
simulating a system with a large00:47:10
parameter is difficult and expensive. Quantum00:47:12
computers are good in this sense; they00:47:14
allow us to quite effectively00:47:16
simulate various chemical00:47:18
reactions and melting reactions,00:47:20
etc. Therefore, in the00:47:21
production of new materials a quantum00:47:23
computer will play a very important role; the00:47:25
second, by the way, concerns directly. This is precisely00:47:30
working with chemists, one of the also00:47:32
important problems. This is modeling, precise00:47:35
modeling, there are electronic structures of the00:47:37
energy00:47:40
energy structure of quantum00:47:42
molecules, that molecules are the basis of00:47:46
everything in the world. Yes, all our chemical00:47:48
reactions are for in order for it to00:47:50
proceed correctly, we must know well how00:47:52
molecules behave at their time. It00:47:53
turns out that there are molecules that are quite00:47:55
large and complex, then they are also a big00:47:57
problem. But exactly with what accuracy00:47:59
can we do this, but unfortunately not with00:48:03
one hundred percent, here is a quantum computer.00:48:04
Here they will also help us to improve our00:48:07
understanding of what the00:48:10
actual energy states of our00:48:12
molecules were, it occurred to me that they possess and I00:48:14
think in principle, to improve simply00:48:15
to optimize all these processes where they00:48:18
are used. What kind of chemistry,00:48:19
maybe even decays, and00:48:21
so on? yes, it turns out logically00:48:23
Before I go to the laboratory to00:48:24
do something with my hands, I first model everything,00:48:27
I look at everything like that, yeah, and I go and00:48:30
check what he modeled there in the00:48:33
laboratory to buy a quantum computer,00:48:34
as I understand it,00:48:36
I already need00:48:40
people from the accounting department to look, a specialist00:48:43
says we need it quantum computer00:48:44
here are00:48:45
the full versions of the interviews with our00:48:48
specialists whom we00:48:50
interviewed you can watch on the channel00:48:51
website they will be released there after00:48:53
some time we leave a link to the00:48:55
channel in the description go00:48:57
Subscribe and watch00:49:01
you haven’t seen it here there is00:49:04
such a blue ice floe there00:49:15
beautiful excellent straight I think every day00:49:20
that I have nothing to surprise me here we00:49:23
come to a place and00:49:25
just Delight there are no words you understand not a word at all00:49:32
boat alarm drill naturally00:49:35
Let's go follow all the instructions00:49:40
from us Lyubka number three00:49:43
if anything happens to us Sergei00:49:50
lifeboats Let's go in a circle00:49:52
let's walk00:49:54
here fits 60 people00:50:01
Cool, listen for the first time in something like this Usually I’ve00:50:03
only seen these in films There are belts00:50:06
that you can fasten and escape00:50:08
here Apparently there’s a door through which you can00:50:11
also get out And here there’s a00:50:16
place for the captain of the boat00:50:18
Sanya Think about it, it’s possible to get in here,00:50:24
all the water is foggy, it’s00:50:27
not clear00:50:30
janitors are needed00:50:33
when the boat is boarded the00:50:37
first day it is recommended not to give out the00:50:46
third day served Strictly according to the norm,00:50:51
accordingly in the future00:50:53
water is extracted dew accumulates or it is possible00:50:57
to extract fresh water from the fish hatchet with00:51:01
a tank there is apparently firewood if we want to00:51:03
chop mistakes in the sea there is always a00:51:05
senior and assistant senior person00:51:08
who is responsible for provisions and issues a00:51:11
limited quantity,00:51:13
in principle I will send it myself as it serves00:51:15
to survive convenience there is a minimum00:51:17
supply of food is also necessary00:51:20
for people when the supply runs out.00:51:23
Unfortunately, survival is already beginning, what you00:51:25
can get directly on your own,00:51:28
look,00:51:31
if some neighbor is in the way00:51:38
like or snores If you snore, you can00:51:42
so00:51:44
bears We also saved a00:51:48
whole couple00:51:51
[applause]00:51:58
We hope you really enjoyed our00:52:00
trip, of course we would really like00:52:03
you to be here with us, they watched00:52:06
it through the monitor screen because the00:52:08
sensations are completely different, the impressions are00:52:10
like ours the cameraman Sasha, who is now00:52:13
filming this, did not try to film all this00:52:15
beauty, it is impossible to convey through00:52:18
the screen, thousands of kilometers around there is00:52:21
nothing but this wasteland ice and a00:52:25
sea of emotions from the fact that we went to the00:52:28
North Pole on a nuclear icebreaker. If00:52:31
you want to see our emotions,00:52:33
impressions, come in to our second channel00:52:35
Everything is live there; the polar explorer's diary00:52:38
for each day; a report on what we did; How we00:52:41
did it; it was great; that's all;00:52:44
remember that chemistry is just; see you in the00:52:47
next video; byeDescription:
Узнать, как попасть на Северный полюс на ледоколе можно здесь: polus.atom.online Это удивительное путешествие на атомной тяге к Северному полюсу. Мы покажем вам из чего состоит ледокол, а различные эксперты расскажут много интересных фактов из разных областей. Здесь будут полные интервью экспертов: https://www.youtube.com/@SciTeam 0:00 Вступление 2:19 Краткое описание экспедиции 2:40 Впечатления от ледокола 3:27 Самопереводящиеся часы 4:23 Машинное отделение 7:09 Радиационная безопасность на судне 13:59 Лаба на судне 17:20 Типы реакторов на ледоколах 20:42 Вклад Д. И. Менделеева в строительство ледокольного флота России 22:42 Красоты северных морей 23:23 Факты про ледокол 28:37 Красоты северных морей х2 28:55 В. И. Боярский про ледокол 31:30 Озоновый слой 36:14 Красоты северных морей х3 36:38 Почти приплыли 37:08 УРА, приплыли 38:32 Самый северный булюм-булюм 38:35 Ээээээксперименты 41:10 Северный полюс 42:39 Е. Глухов о ледоколе 43:35 Красоты северных морей х4 44:16 В. С. Кузнецов о ледоколе 45:10 Самые северные шахматы 46:00 Применение квантовых компьютеров на ледоколе 48:59 Учебная эвакуация 52:00 Заключение Станьте спонсором канала, и вы получите доступ к эксклюзивным бонусам. Подробнее: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRzZSz5JlSfN6Ba164vqVCg/join VKontakte: https://vk.com/chemistryeasyru https://t.me/ChemistryEasy Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Группа Суровых технарей здесь: https://vk.com/brutalengineer Поддержать проект: https://boosty.to/chemistry https://sponsr.ru/chemistry/ https://www.patreon.com/chemistry Сбербанк: 2202 2032 5848 6853 Yandex Money: 41001718480558 QiWi: +79826035997 Над выпуском работали: Александр Иванов (инженер-исследователь); и все, все, все (см титры в конце видео) Просмотр видео разрешен только на YouTube. Копирование любой части видео без разрешения авторов – ЗАПРЕЩЕНО! Если вы размещаете данное и любое видео с данного канала на сторонних ресурсах при помощи вставки видео ссылкой, то к вам нет никаких претензий.
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Questions about downloading video
How can I download "ЧТО ВНУТРИ АТОМНОГО ЛЕДОКОЛА? – СЕВЕРНЫЙ ПОЛЮС // Ледокол "50 лет Победы"" video?
http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.
Which format of "ЧТО ВНУТРИ АТОМНОГО ЛЕДОКОЛА? – СЕВЕРНЫЙ ПОЛЮС // Ледокол "50 лет Победы"" video should I choose?
The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.
Why does my computer freeze when loading a "ЧТО ВНУТРИ АТОМНОГО ЛЕДОКОЛА? – СЕВЕРНЫЙ ПОЛЮС // Ледокол "50 лет Победы"" video?
The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.
How can I download "ЧТО ВНУТРИ АТОМНОГО ЛЕДОКОЛА? – СЕВЕРНЫЙ ПОЛЮС // Ледокол "50 лет Победы"" video to my phone?
You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "ЧТО ВНУТРИ АТОМНОГО ЛЕДОКОЛА? – СЕВЕРНЫЙ ПОЛЮС // Ледокол "50 лет Победы""?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "ЧТО ВНУТРИ АТОМНОГО ЛЕДОКОЛА? – СЕВЕРНЫЙ ПОЛЮС // Ледокол "50 лет Победы""?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.