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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
[Music]00:00:06
They have great names, they are00:00:08
shining figures in a fantastic00:00:10
world, they are strong and combative00:00:14
in times of upheaval and crisis,00:00:17
they overcome every danger, no matter how threatening.00:00:21
Their deeds are legendary. In their world, the00:00:25
impossible becomes possible00:00:27
[Music]00:00:28
but they are also ambassadors of00:00:30
their history Fabulous adventures00:00:32
contain a historical core00:00:35
[Music]00:00:37
one of the most famous of00:00:39
antiquity is Olysseus. His creator00:00:42
sends him on a ten-year00:00:44
odyssey,00:00:46
an odyssey that leads the hero to the00:00:48
western Mediterranean into a world00:00:51
full of dangers.00:00:52
The epic arises when the ancient Greeks00:00:55
set off into the unknown in order to00:00:58
explore new settlement areas00:01:02
[music]00:01:22
body strong-willed spirit00:01:25
and courageous until death00:01:27
With odysseus, the poet homer00:01:30
created a typical greek hero00:01:31
who is of royal and even divine00:01:35
descent00:01:38
odysseus shines as an outstanding00:01:41
warrior, but above all because of his00:01:43
keenness in battle Against Troy, it is00:01:46
solely thanks to his liszt that00:01:48
the Greeks are able to smuggle their soldiers into the city00:01:50
and defeat Troy.00:01:53
Rome He sends him on an errant journey that becomes a00:01:56
tough test. Already in00:01:58
the first paragraphs of the 24 songs,00:02:01
what awaits the gentlemen00:02:05
muse tells To me, from the man of change,00:02:09
he often drifted away from the way since00:02:11
Holy Troy, he destroyed many00:02:15
people's cities and got to00:02:17
know their thinking and suffered a lot of00:02:20
torment in his soul on the sea to secure his life00:02:22
and his companions'00:02:25
return home as poetry Written in the eighth00:02:30
century BC,00:02:32
Greece faces a major00:02:33
challenge00:02:36
in the rugged and narrow valleys, there is00:02:38
too little usable land for00:02:40
agriculture and livestock breeding.00:02:41
In the summer, water is often scarce.00:02:46
Most Greeks also have to00:02:48
use the narrow coastal areas00:02:49
where the soil is fertile00:02:55
Around the RGs there are settlements, villages00:02:58
and even cities, but they hardly offer space for00:03:01
everyone. The distribution of land00:03:04
becomes a permanent conflict. There is only00:03:07
one way out00:03:10
and that is over the sea. The sea is00:03:13
the gate to the wide world.00:03:15
The Greeks have always been true As00:03:17
skilled seafarers, they00:03:20
set off for the East at an early age and00:03:22
built a long-distance trading network that reached as far as00:03:24
the ancient Orient00:03:27
[Music]00:03:28
in numerical time, their destination was the00:03:31
Western Mediterranean. Emigrants00:03:34
set out to explore new settlement areas00:03:36
and invaded areas in the process00:03:38
To which they are completely alien,00:03:41
the Greeks were initially not00:03:44
forced to emigrate. There00:03:46
was no immediate compulsion, but00:03:48
there were crisis phenomena that led to00:03:50
part of the population from these00:03:52
Greek settlements and cities00:03:54
having to leave this place. This has to00:03:56
do with internal unrest Burgas00:03:58
even had civil wars and as a result00:04:01
some of the residents in these places were sent00:04:06
out into the world under the leadership of an aristocrat.00:04:09
The wanderings of Odysseus also lead00:04:11
through the unknown western00:04:13
Mediterranean.00:04:14
It begins in Troy00:04:16
after ten years of war between the Greeks and the00:04:19
Trojans00:04:21
only a longing goal left They want to00:04:24
return home to Ithaca00:04:30
Around 500 men on twelve ships have to00:04:35
bring Olysseus safely home from what is now Turkey.00:04:36
According to the ideas at the time, this is00:04:38
not possible without the protection of the gods. The faithful00:04:40
burns.00:04:45
From a distance it looks even better00:04:51
We'll have a party when we get back00:04:52
home,00:04:56
we're not at home LP enjoy00:04:59
the view, celebrate, you00:05:02
deserve it and let's sacrifice00:05:04
such a happy journey in Götzl. The00:05:07
gods are a very important element00:05:10
of the Romanian epic. We have two00:05:12
levels of action On one level00:05:14
the people act on the other the00:05:16
gods act. The Greeks could00:05:18
not imagine their life without the gods.00:05:21
The Greeks felt exposed to the00:05:24
divine. The gods00:05:27
were not only well-disposed towards them.00:05:29
They presented the gods here like00:05:31
people in front of people have their own00:05:34
whims and preferences and00:05:38
take them out on people.00:05:40
The gods also took sides in the fight for Troy.00:05:43
Some support the00:05:46
Trojans and are against Odysseus. Some support the00:05:48
actions of the Greeks.00:05:50
Some constantly change their opinion00:05:55
as the supreme god and progenitor of00:05:58
Odysseus He always00:06:01
wants the gods to mediate in the fall of Troy.00:06:04
Apollo, the light of God, is00:06:07
on the side of the Trojans from the beginning.00:06:11
The mighty Pallas Athene, responsible for00:06:13
wisdom and war, defends the00:06:15
Greeks. She is Ulysses' great00:06:17
protector. Poseidon, the god of the00:06:20
sea, can cause earthquakes cause and cause00:06:22
ships to capsize00:06:24
he is also well-disposed towards the Greeks and the hero,00:06:26
at least initially00:06:29
from Troy, Olysseus's fleet steers00:06:32
southwest towards00:06:35
Ithaca, many hundred nautical miles separate00:06:38
the men from home, around two weeks of00:06:41
pure travel time,00:06:46
but a rising wind is driving The00:06:48
ships head northwest and it00:06:52
comes to Wismar Oz on the tragic00:06:54
coast and does not hesitate to sack the city of00:07:00
Wismar Oz. Live the Conan in the epic,00:07:03
they are close allies of the Trojans and are00:07:06
hostile to the Greeks.00:07:09
The raid is a mistake as it turns00:07:12
out Customers have00:07:14
pursued and caught the Greeks00:07:16
only barely can only be gloomy and00:07:19
his people escape00:07:20
72 of the best men are dead like home00:07:23
he describes this appears in the00:07:27
Odyssey as a mixture of warlord00:07:29
privateer and adventurer and he is00:07:31
therefore a typical representative of00:07:33
African times00:07:34
There were a whole series of nobles who00:07:39
increased their position during this time by00:07:41
going on looting expeditions and enriching themselves at the00:07:44
expense of others.00:07:46
The fleet was caught in a violent00:07:48
storm when it had already made it to the00:07:50
southern tip of the Peloponnese00:07:53
instead of back home To get to00:07:56
Cape Malea, the ships are00:07:59
driven far off course. There has been00:08:03
a lot of debate in research about00:08:06
whether the wanderings of00:08:08
Ulysses are a journey to fairytale land00:08:10
or whether they describe a specific00:08:12
geographical area so that the00:08:16
story of the wanderings of Olysses00:08:22
appears more credible and realistic More the adventures of00:08:26
Jewish travel experienced with a00:08:29
geographically real backdrop just like00:08:32
what happens today in a feature film00:08:35
that takes place in New York, for example. The plot00:08:37
is fictional but the place is real.00:08:41
Romer not only bundles the00:08:44
geographical knowledge but also the00:08:46
Greeks' knowledge of the weather00:08:48
and the sea,00:08:49
the violent north wind and the west-east00:08:51
current were well known to the sailors at the time00:08:55
[Music]00:08:58
the strong current in the southern00:09:00
Mediterranean carried the fleet to the00:09:02
northern coast of Libya00:09:04
into the province for Rene K at that time a00:09:07
fertile area with many springs00:09:09
and densities forests,00:09:14
the lotto questions who live there are00:09:17
peaceful. They feed on an00:09:20
intoxicant called lotus, which brings00:09:22
about a pleasant feeling. As they00:09:24
say, to this day no one knows which00:09:27
drug Romer described. The drug,00:09:31
the lotto questions, is an antagonist00:09:33
to the idea of returning home which00:09:37
represents the engine of the odyssey because the00:09:40
drug of the lottery questions causes forgetting00:09:42
whoever takes the drug of the lottery00:09:45
questions, whatever it is00:09:47
about, forgets everything, he00:09:49
also forgets his longing to return home, which is why00:09:52
people pose questions as a00:09:54
threat to and uster, who is not much00:09:57
smaller than other monsters who00:09:59
want to devour him,00:10:01
which in the epic is still pure fiction, becomes00:10:04
reality almost 100 years later. Around00:10:07
630 BC, the first00:10:09
Greeks land on the coast of Cyrenaica. According to00:10:13
researchers, this is historically documented00:10:16
only by capable men who are00:10:18
forced to found a new colony there.00:10:24
The Odyssey basically comes into being00:10:26
in the middle of the great colonization00:10:28
movement. On the one hand, it reflects the00:10:30
colony founding that has already happened00:10:31
and, on the other hand, it gives those who00:10:33
want to found a colony00:10:35
some clues about how to create a colony00:10:37
It should00:10:40
have a harbor and from which we can pull the ships onto00:10:42
the beach.00:10:43
It should have water. It should00:10:45
have fortifications and it should00:10:46
have fertile lands00:10:49
in the fertile area00:10:51
that immigrants could establish in the city.00:10:53
It will become the richest Greek00:10:55
colony in North Africa00:11:00
From the coast of Libya, Odysseus tries00:11:02
again to get his ships on course for00:11:04
Ithaca,00:11:05
but the odyssey has only just00:11:08
begun. Due00:11:09
to unfavorable winds, the Greeks end up00:11:11
in foreign lands again00:11:14
[Music]00:11:17
According to calculations, the fleet ends up at00:11:19
the very southern tip of Italy in00:11:22
Calabria Section of the coast from00:11:25
which you have a clear view of Sicily and the00:11:28
volcano Etna,00:11:31
but it doesn't stay in Calabria. He00:11:34
drives over to Sicily. Epic, the00:11:37
island is the mythical land of the Cyclopes00:11:40
[Music]00:11:43
on his exploration, he and00:11:45
some of his men also stop at the00:11:47
cave Polyphemus Polyphemus is a00:11:50
giant. Romans write that the monster has a00:11:53
hideous shape and is intent on deceit. It goes00:12:01
on to say that the monster resembles a soon-to-be peak of00:12:04
high chains of00:12:06
mountains that tower lonely above all others. He00:12:10
is a cyclops00:12:12
[Music]00:12:15
and the giant must fear the worst00:12:17
Holds the Greeks tightly They are trapped00:12:21
The king of Ithaca comes with00:12:24
good intentions and even has wine with him as a00:12:26
gift00:12:27
[Music]00:12:30
Polyphemus devours six of the00:12:33
leader's companions with skin and hair.00:12:36
He wants to eat the Greek hero as the last person.00:12:38
Polyphemus embodies the00:12:42
barbaric He embodies the other side of00:12:45
civilization Polyphemus lives alone00:12:48
He doesn't live in a community00:12:50
Polyphon is a cannibal He eats00:12:53
raw meat00:12:54
Here he is very different00:12:55
from civilized people00:12:59
You could also say that I see00:13:01
Polyphemus condense the fears and worries00:13:03
that the Greeks had When00:13:06
the colonies were founded in the Mediterranean world,00:13:07
as in the previous adventures, it00:13:11
is only thanks to Odysseus Sharp00:13:13
that not all the men are00:13:15
eaten.00:13:16
They blind the monster and escape00:13:21
[Music]00:13:23
the researcher Heinz Warneke knows what is00:13:27
hidden behind the story of the Cyclops Polyphemus00:13:30
The00:13:33
one-eyed cyclops is spoken of again and again in literature, but the00:13:36
ancient Greek word cyclops means round00:13:41
eye, not one eye.00:13:43
The ancient Greeks knew that and00:13:45
that leads to a completely different path.00:13:50
In the epic, the round eye is described precisely as being00:13:53
filled with blood, steam and Fire00:13:57
thus provided more of a decisive00:13:59
clue to00:14:02
what Odysseus and his companions get to know in00:14:04
Sicily as a giant cyclops00:14:06
is the volcano Etna. The00:14:09
active fireworks can be clearly seen even from a00:14:11
distance.00:14:16
The Greeks fear its eruption, it00:14:18
would bring destruction and ruin00:14:20
and Etna never sleeps00:14:24
The volcano got its name because00:14:26
its blooming throat looks like the eye00:14:27
of a monster.00:14:33
In Greek mythology, Mount00:14:35
Etna finds its embodiment in the00:14:37
barbaric giant Polyphemus. He is the00:14:40
son of the mighty Poseidon as he is wild00:14:44
and unpredictable00:14:48
with the blinding of Polyphemus A00:14:50
serious mistake that does00:14:53
n't remain unjust. The sea god00:14:55
does everything he can to make the hero's long journey00:14:57
as dangerous as possible.00:15:02
From Sicily the fleet sets00:15:05
off quickly to the island of the wind god.00:15:08
If it happened quickly then00:15:10
it must have been in the immediate vicinity00:15:15
However, there is no island in the vicinity of Mount Etna in00:15:18
Moravian times, as an island00:15:22
in the southeast of Sicily. It00:15:24
is the nucleus of today's00:15:26
port city of Syracuse, but it has long since grown together with the00:15:29
mainland. In the00:15:33
eighth century BC, Syracuse was00:15:35
an up-and-coming colony00:15:37
that everyone is talking about They have planned their grounds00:15:40
precisely with parallel00:15:43
streets and regular00:15:45
blocks of houses.00:15:49
The houses are wonderful and the city00:15:52
is surrounded by a solid wall, as00:15:54
Umea says,00:15:58
and it has two ports, an00:16:00
ideal layout that points to the future,00:16:04
something very important about it The skill that the00:16:06
Greeks brought with them during00:16:08
colonization was the planned00:16:11
creation of cities and settlements, which00:16:14
was previously unknown in this form,00:16:16
so that you00:16:18
design a city on the drawing board, so to speak,00:16:20
define the public space, determine the private00:16:22
space and then start00:16:24
building this city is something completely new00:16:26
and that is something that subsequently00:16:27
radiates back into the subway,00:16:29
is the ick of the Greek world in the00:16:31
motherland, the rich colony of Syracuse,00:16:34
the island of the Euros, Odysseus00:16:37
and his companions leave after a month,00:16:39
they have enjoyed hospitality,00:16:42
recovered and new provisions taken00:16:45
it is high time to00:16:48
set course for home00:16:49
[music]00:16:52
the men have to fear that others will00:16:56
take control of Ithaca for themselves Odysseus knows that not only his future00:16:59
but also the future of his people00:17:00
is at stake00:17:02
[music]00:17:06
the warriors They are obliged to be loyal to him,00:17:08
but as leader, the00:17:10
king of Ithaca is responsible for the00:17:13
well-being of his companions throughout his life. For00:17:19
nine days a favorable west wind drives the00:17:23
Greek fleet further and further00:17:24
east. The island of Ithaca is within00:17:27
reach.00:17:31
In the 13th00:17:32
song, their father seems to have a happy00:17:34
ending But Odysseus's00:17:36
test is far from00:17:38
over. It happens on board Odysseus's00:17:44
ship from the wind. The00:17:47
Greek hero has received a generous00:17:49
farewell gift.00:17:51
It's about a large leather magic00:17:54
hose in which all the dangerous00:17:56
Mediterranean winds are trapped. Only00:17:58
Odysseus knows its contents00:18:01
He didn't tell his companions about it.00:18:06
On the evening of the tenth day, auspicious beacons appear on the00:18:08
horizon00:18:11
[Music]00:18:14
JS00:18:15
[Music]00:18:17
The fires, visible from afar,00:18:20
are supposed to show the sailors the safe way00:18:22
to the bay of Ithaca,00:18:27
but on the same night some00:18:30
men open the magic hose00:18:32
they suspect there are precious treasures in it00:18:34
[music]00:18:40
all the winds escape a violent storm00:18:42
is coming no one can prevent00:18:45
the ships from being driven back to the coast of the wind00:18:48
god alos00:18:55
12 oar-driven long ships belong00:18:57
to the fleet of Odysseus in Romanesque00:19:01
times but there are also 30 50 rowers usual00:19:04
which types of ships are used in the UPC is00:19:09
probably not revealed in the epic, but 50 rowers so-called00:19:12
panty were able to use a00:19:16
replica of an oar-driven00:19:19
ship. Scientists00:19:21
proved a few years ago that in00:19:23
ancient times eight knots, i.e. 16 kilometers per00:19:27
hour, could be achieved00:19:29
with it The Greek long ships are00:19:31
the fastest of their time.00:19:38
Two ocean-going models are00:19:41
used during the great colonization.00:19:43
The land ship with open or benches00:19:45
and with a continuous00:19:48
deck that also serves as a warship for the Greeks00:19:52
[Music]00:19:55
as the fleet heads towards Ithaca again00:19:57
poseidon gets back into the00:20:00
action00:20:01
he throws them off course no matter how hard00:20:03
the men put themselves in the oars. for00:20:08
six days they drift on the sea00:20:10
towards the southeast then they reach a00:20:13
protected natural harbor on the00:20:15
southwest coast of the Peloponnese near00:20:18
Kühlers, this harbor yes Highly famous, it was00:20:23
already known in Moravian00:20:25
times and such a protected00:20:28
natural harbor that was known00:20:31
only existed in the entire south and west of the Peloponnese00:20:34
at today's cinema on a stone cup00:20:37
called Corrosion through a narrow00:20:41
entrance flanked by residential rocks.00:20:45
Eleven of the twelve ships sail In the harbor,00:20:50
Odysseus knows that it belongs to the easy regions. They are not friends of the00:20:53
theater.00:20:58
The hero is helpless to see how the00:21:01
ledge of the regions pushes powerful boulders towards00:21:03
his ships and destroys them00:21:09
and it says the ship lies in front of the harbor00:21:11
and stays Spared,00:21:13
the attack is aimed exclusively at00:21:15
him and his family.00:21:19
[Music]00:21:21
Eleven ships are lost. Hundreds of00:21:23
men have to lose their lives because there is enmity00:21:25
between the achievements and the kings00:21:28
of Ithaca.00:21:34
Fighting each other to the death runs like a guide00:21:36
through history For the Greeks,00:21:38
the motif is almost always revenge,00:21:42
revenge, blood revenge and threads are a very00:21:44
characteristic element of these early00:21:47
Greek societies. You had to take00:21:49
revenge for the injustice you had suffered.00:21:52
This was, so to speak, the top00:21:54
family duty for the leader of an00:21:56
orca when someone was killed,00:21:58
died or something else00:22:00
Damage came and had to be done justice00:22:03
as king of Ithaca and war hero of00:22:06
Troy, Odysseus is also very much in the00:22:09
tradition of Greek leaders,00:22:10
but in the USC he proves in every00:22:13
adventure that he can do more than wield a00:22:16
sword in hand-to-hand combat00:22:21
and that's it is characterized above all00:22:23
by his discipline but also his00:22:27
ability to defy and00:22:30
endure pain. It is not00:22:32
for nothing that Romy repeatedly calls him the long-suffering00:22:35
or long-tolerating00:22:39
and he is said to have owned cattle, sheep, pigs00:22:43
and goats in00:22:45
Ithaca More00:22:48
than any other ruler of his time,00:22:50
be it on the islands or on the00:22:53
mainland,00:22:57
the Greek has00:22:59
considerable lands with fertile00:23:01
soils. Vigo more describes wine and00:23:05
grain growing everywhere in unspeakable00:23:07
abundance00:23:08
[Music] but00:23:11
the country is not suitable for horses00:23:13
It's too mountainous and00:23:16
the wide plains are missing00:23:21
[Music] but there are00:23:22
countless springs and00:23:25
watercourses that shape the landscape. There is00:23:28
always rain and pearls, that's why00:23:32
excellent meadows thrive there. It seems that00:23:35
paradisiacal conditions prevail in Ithaca00:23:39
[Music]00:23:41
so exuberantly the poet describes00:23:43
his homeland Heroes also describes00:23:45
his topographical information in such detail that it is00:23:51
wonderfully bad there is the wonderful peak00:23:54
of the married on top and lets the00:23:56
mountain forest sway00:23:58
and he writes that in addition to Ithaca there are00:24:01
other islands close to each other00:24:04
and, according to who, more than high00:24:07
king of the fallen rules over them Ionian00:24:10
Islands Zakynthos live character and00:24:13
Kefalonia Kefalonia is the largest island00:24:18
Some researchers suspect that00:24:20
Goethe's epic homeland00:24:23
is located there and not on Ithaca00:24:25
[Music]00:24:27
Only on Kefalonia is there a peak00:24:29
with a mountain forest of mighty 30 meter00:24:32
high fir trees like the one in the odyssey00:24:34
is described,00:24:36
the researchers also have an explanation for the shaking forest.00:24:39
The00:24:41
description is an allusion to the00:24:43
earthquakes that have repeatedly shaken the island00:24:47
[music]00:24:49
to this day, no region of Greece has been more00:24:51
severely affected than the00:24:53
Ionian island of Kefalonia00:24:55
[music]00:24:59
the quakes They are the result of the00:25:02
submarine plate movements in the00:25:04
Mediterranean in ancient times.00:25:06
They shaped the face of Kefalonia with its00:25:08
endless folds of mountains.00:25:14
Another trace is provided by the00:25:15
description of the port facility in the epic00:25:25
This also only applies to the island of00:25:27
Kefalonia.00:25:32
The harbor bay on which the town of00:25:34
Argos Toni is located today still gives00:25:37
the impression of being a quiet lake.00:25:45
A large port city is said to have existed in the bay as early as Moravian times,00:25:47
from which it00:25:50
set sail00:25:51
I don't think that this00:25:53
was a historical person, but the00:25:55
description of this man as a leader00:25:58
and the description, for example, of his00:26:00
euro cost the riches with the sour00:26:02
shepherd and his slaves and girls00:26:05
has so much detail and so much00:26:08
reality that the contemporaries00:26:12
who this or Discos were introduced to00:26:15
those who thought they were a historical person.00:26:17
The former governor00:26:21
of Beetle Lonja believes in a00:26:23
historical rudder. One day00:26:26
he receives an important tip from a farmer.00:26:31
He told me about a place and told00:26:34
me that stones were taken from there to be used00:26:36
in the Nearby to build a bridge00:26:39
I went there and found that it00:26:41
was actually like that.00:26:43
Some stones were hand-carved and00:26:46
a few meters further away from the00:26:48
bottom of the door there was a lintel of a chemical00:26:50
tomb00:26:53
a mechanical tomb on Kefalonia. For00:26:56
centuries the kings of Kefalonia were there00:26:59
beetle lonja buried00:27:00
the find becomes a sensation00:27:06
the press in greece is00:27:07
enthusiastic the grave of odysseus has been00:27:10
discovered as the headlines report00:27:12
and that history00:27:15
has to be rewritten this as a descendant of a00:27:22
mechanical ruler model for00:27:24
homer's epic buried on kefalonia that is00:27:28
going too far for many scientists00:27:33
at the moment It is being investigated whether a genetic relationship can be proven between00:27:35
the bones from the tomb and the00:27:38
hygienic kings.00:27:45
Home He tells us that the family of00:27:47
Akai belonged to them from the also and sos00:27:50
was the dynasty that ruled these islands00:27:52
if you consider this as a00:27:54
historical person It is true that it is very00:27:56
likely that his ancestors and00:27:58
his descendants were buried here.00:28:02
Small sail00:28:05
stones that were discovered in the grave speak for the theory.00:28:07
Some of them show a dog holding a00:28:10
deer calf by the throat.00:28:12
The depiction is the family coat of arms of00:28:14
the akkus00:28:18
Motif dog with reg describes more00:28:22
in its 19th00:28:23
song as the royal family coat of arms00:28:25
of Odysseus00:28:27
it shows the hero as king of the beetles00:28:30
in the epic the golden00:28:33
national emblem of the ak si ass adorns his00:28:35
purple coat00:28:42
colostrum in front of it we have a00:28:45
find here that is identical to that00:28:47
Atomic symbol of Odysseus00:28:50
I really wonder how00:28:52
likely it is that this is a00:28:53
coincidence. At some point the archaeologists should give us00:28:57
an answer to this question.00:28:59
With Odysseus's atom he created a new00:29:05
type of hero.00:29:06
Not a vengeful war hero but00:29:09
a heroic colony founder is00:29:11
needed00:29:14
than the Greeks In the eighth century00:29:15
before Christ, looking for settlement areas in the western Mediterranean,00:29:20
their world expanded rapidly.00:29:23
Until then they only knew Greece00:29:26
with its countless islands, the coasts00:29:28
in the eastern Mediterranean and off00:29:30
North Africa. Suddenly the00:29:33
radius expanded, the emigrants penetrated as far as00:29:36
Italy, France and Spain00:29:41
The advance into completely unknown00:29:44
areas and to foreign peoples00:29:46
overwhelmed many Greek emigrants and00:29:49
led to the most adventurous wanderings00:29:51
where more makes their experiences the00:29:54
main theme of his poetry. One of the00:30:01
worst experiences is00:30:03
the encounter with death00:30:05
for this it is the entry into the00:30:08
realm of the dead00:30:11
somewhere on the west coast of the Peloponnese00:30:13
in a grotto00:30:18
in the Greeks' imagination the00:30:20
realm of the dead is night-black without joy but00:30:23
also without pain it is the territory00:30:26
of the grim god Hades no life00:30:30
dares to go there voluntarily and00:30:33
but dares the impossible and survives00:30:38
the walk Going to the underworld is probably the00:30:44
biggest challenge that has to be00:30:46
faced today. According to Greek00:30:49
ideas, you only go into00:30:50
the underworld once. There is only one00:30:52
other hero who returned alive from the underworld.00:30:54
That was Heracles00:30:58
in this respect and desserts with00:31:01
the gang in The underworld is a limit00:31:04
that was set for all other people.00:31:07
Hades does not remain the last frontier of00:31:10
the hero's experience.00:31:11
As soon as Odysseus has started the long journey,00:31:13
the next test awaits them. It00:31:19
comes in the form of the sirens,00:31:21
supernatural beings with beguiling00:31:24
songs or Sven who absolutely has to hear him00:31:29
[Applause ]00:31:32
Binnewies00:31:34
but whoever listens to the song of the sirens00:31:36
throws himself into the sea wants to be with them and00:31:39
is lost00:31:41
[music]00:31:43
tied to the mast lets Odessa00:31:45
endure the torture00:31:47
everyone else on board has their00:31:49
ears plugged with wax00:31:52
[music]00:31:56
in According to Greek mythology, the00:31:58
sirens are the daughters of the river00:31:59
Gottesacker los. The river lies in00:32:02
western Greece and flows into the Mediterranean.00:32:08
According to legend, a cruel sacrificial cult was practiced near it in00:32:10
Moravian times.00:32:16
On an offshore island,00:32:18
Artemis priestesses are said to have lived and unsuspecting00:32:21
travelers to the island lured them in order to sacrifice00:32:23
them to the goddess Artemis the00:32:29
Artemis Trophy Yakult is a cult that is00:32:31
very dark for us and00:32:33
incomprehensible to us. We know that this god00:32:36
sacrificed them and that a00:32:37
strange fence00:32:41
construction was developed in which00:32:43
these animals were sacrificed were imprisoned and00:32:45
supposedly00:32:48
human sacrifices were made in certain times for00:32:49
this deity, rejecting people, something00:32:52
that was of course something unheard of in the old days,00:32:55
just like00:32:57
cannibalism or something similar,00:33:00
Odysseus narrowly escaped with his life. Odysseus sees steam00:33:02
from the distance and hears a muffled00:33:05
noise Shape loose Charybdis00:33:09
creates dangerous currents and00:33:11
whirlpools00:33:12
[Music]00:33:15
At the same time another monster approaches Müller from the starboard,00:33:21
a sea monster with many necks and00:33:24
ravenous heads00:33:27
[Music]00:33:29
and it loses another six men.00:33:31
The horrors seem to have no end00:33:37
for the legendary monster Scylla and00:33:40
charybdis there is a scientific00:33:41
explanation00:33:42
behind the name00:33:45
natural phenomena are hidden in the gulf of patras00:33:49
scylla stands for the regular00:33:51
occurrence of tornadoes that00:33:53
can carry people and ships with them and can carry people and ships with00:33:56
them00:34:00
the whirlpools of the charybdis are caused by00:34:02
unpredictable strong tidal currents00:34:05
between low tide and Flood00:34:06
a phenomenon that still occurs today between the00:34:09
Gulf of Patras and the deeper00:34:12
Ionian Sea.00:34:17
Where and where it makes its next stop00:34:19
cannot be traced exactly geographically.00:34:22
For me it is the island of the00:34:25
sun god Helios. The hero reaches00:34:28
them00:34:32
on the island in the evening of the same day The sacred cattle00:34:34
of the sun god graze. They may not be00:34:36
slaughtered otherwise an accident will happen.00:34:40
Everyone on board has sworn not to touch the animals,00:34:47
but when the provisions run out,00:34:49
the men are afraid of starving00:34:51
without the knowledge of Odysseus When00:35:00
men leave the island,00:35:02
the most powerful of all gods sends them00:35:04
a devastating hurricane.00:35:08
Odysseus is the only one of his00:35:11
crew to survive. He owes this not least00:35:13
to his discipline, this ingenuity,00:35:16
Odysseus's creativity and his00:35:18
flexibility to respond to new problems with00:35:21
always new solutions were00:35:23
certainly characteristics that were for A00:35:25
colony founder was also very important at this time.00:35:27
The00:35:31
hero stays afloat on a raft for nine days until he00:35:36
ends up on an island far away in the sea. Even in ancient times, geographers00:35:40
suspected that Odysseus was stranded on the island of00:35:42
Malta and00:35:46
had an unknown, ancient people00:35:49
Huge temples were built there00:35:50
when the first Greek sailors00:35:53
came there, the island has been deserted for00:35:55
many centuries00:35:58
[Music]00:36:00
Maybe that's why I'm writing to you that00:36:01
a lonely goddess lives there to whom00:36:04
no god or human being ever comes.00:36:07
She's so beautiful that Odysseus is almost00:36:09
his wife and home forgets her00:36:12
name is Calypso and she wants00:36:15
Odysseus as her husband.00:36:17
He says expressly that Calypso00:36:21
is more beautiful than Penelope, that she doesn't age,00:36:24
that she is immortal, and that he could00:36:26
also achieve immortality with her. He00:36:29
still wants to get00:36:32
home at any price Return to Penelope00:36:34
and therefore rejects this00:36:36
offer from Kalypso.00:36:40
It takes seven years until the gods00:36:42
agree that Odysseus can leave the island.00:36:44
Again a storm sets00:36:47
in that takes him north to the00:36:49
land of the revered ones. A number of00:36:53
researchers have located the revered00:36:55
land on Corfu, but in the Epic is00:36:58
not talking about an island, which is why more00:37:02
and more00:37:03
scientists consider today's city park on00:37:06
the west coast of Greece to be00:37:07
more likely.00:37:10
Greeks also founded a large colony there in ancient times.00:37:15
The revered land is located on a00:37:17
protruding cup flanked by two00:37:20
sandy bays. Vigo writes more and00:37:23
is like home and is not far away from there00:37:27
[music]00:37:30
the stranded man is discovered by three girls,00:37:33
two flee out of fear, the third but00:37:36
describes the poet as brave and00:37:38
helpful towards the stranger00:37:40
[music]00:37:44
odysseus meets the king's daughter00:37:46
nausicaa she knows the hero The way to the00:37:50
palace00:37:52
This is my father's palace00:37:56
The stay during the journeys is the00:37:58
last stop on Odysseus' odyssey. As was00:38:02
customary at the time, a lavish banquet is held in honor of the guest,00:38:04
at which00:38:07
a blind singer also performs.00:38:10
The king invited him00:38:11
[music]00:38:14
scientist Do you want to recognize the poet in the singer00:38:16
more00:38:18
as an author? He has set a monument for himself in his epic00:38:25
and gets to know a king on the journeys, who00:38:29
describes humor as the ruler of an ideal colony. Odysseus00:38:32
could even stay. The four-year00:38:35
story has a colony00:38:38
historical background Source00:38:41
meets a hospitable00:38:43
people there and through the K of the king's daughter,00:38:46
whom he meets right on the beach,00:38:49
he has the opportunity to marry into the00:38:51
royal family.00:38:54
The four years are therefore00:38:55
the counterpart to Polyphemus in the00:38:58
figure of the one-eyed cyclops00:39:00
The worries and fears of the00:39:03
colonists for four years, on the other hand,00:39:05
embody the positive scenario of a00:39:08
communist: being welcomed by00:39:11
a hospitable people00:39:14
in a single night brings a00:39:16
ship of the revered Olysses home00:39:18
while the hero lies in a sleep that00:39:20
comes closest to death00:39:23
That means00:39:26
ten years and thousands of nautical miles00:39:28
behind Odysseus, a hellish journey across the00:39:31
sea between Turkey, North Africa,00:39:34
Italy and Greece.00:39:36
Not a single one of his twelve ships00:39:38
remains and all his companions00:39:41
die. The king of Ithaca is the only00:39:44
survivor.00:39:48
During the Greek colonization,00:39:50
his island kingdom is an important00:39:52
hub On the way to the western00:39:54
Mediterranean00:39:56
from the Aegean, many sailors leave00:39:59
their ship on the island and have to make it overland from Corinth00:40:01
and then00:40:03
sail on to Italy,00:40:06
but even if they take the route around the00:40:08
Peloponnese, they stop at its00:40:10
port00:40:14
until the sixth century00:40:16
Christ continues the wave of emigrants00:40:19
from the eastern to the western00:40:21
Mediterranean region, flourishing00:40:23
colonies emerge. Many of the new foundings become00:40:27
richer than their mother cities.00:40:31
The victor of Troy makes Tomea the00:40:34
new shining light of the Greeks.00:40:37
He finds him at a time when00:40:39
people are in00:40:41
fear and frightened him00:40:44
[music]00:40:47
everything he knew more about the world at that time,00:40:50
he condensed it in the adventures of00:40:52
Ulysses00:40:53
[music]00:40:57
unlike the classic warlords, he00:40:59
proved himself to be successful even outside00:41:02
the battlefield and passed every00:41:04
test that was given to him00:41:05
as a reward Odysseus has to endure a lot for the chance of00:41:09
a new beginning on his journeys.00:41:13
He is a00:41:15
passive person. He is at the mercy of monsters and00:41:18
powers that are superior to him.00:41:20
He cannot face them in open combat00:41:22
until he has returned to00:41:25
Ithaca and00:41:27
can come home He returns to the virtues00:41:31
of an active hero00:41:36
20 years have passed when Odysseus00:41:38
returns to his homeland. He00:41:42
doesn't know what awaits him there,00:41:46
but after the long time he has to00:41:48
expect that someone else will00:41:50
take his position and take control of00:41:52
his kingdom has taken over00:41:54
[music]00:41:58
just as the odyssey began, so00:42:01
it changes the hero resorts to a00:42:04
ruse and sas disguises himself as a beggar00:42:07
so that friend and enemy don't00:42:10
recognize him straight away, rather00:42:13
the story of odysseus remains exciting until the last verse00:42:16
[music]00:42:18
As the most popular item,00:42:20
adesso has survived for thousands of years.00:42:22
He is the prototype of the man who sticks to his00:42:25
own, a hero who always wins and his00:42:28
wanderings become a proverbial00:42:30
symbol for adverse undertakings with a00:42:33
happy outcome00:42:36
[Music]Description:
Die Odyssee stammt aus der Feder des griechischen Dichters Homer. In 24 Gesängen schildert er die fantastische Irrfahrt von Odysseus, dem König von Ithaka, der nach dem Sieg über Troja die Heimkehr antritt. Zehn Jahre dauert die Reise. Da er es sich mit den Göttern verscherzt hat, unterziehen sie ihn lebensbedrohlichen Prüfungen. Sie schicken ihn zu einem menschenfressenden Ungeheuer und ins Totenreich, treiben ihn mit den Klängen der Sirenen fast in den Wahnsinn, lassen heftige Stürme aufkommen, die ihn ständig vom Kurs abbringen, machen ihn jahrelang zum Zwangsgeliebten einer Göttin und vieles mehr. Mit rund 500 Mann sticht der Held in See, als einziger Überlebender kommt er zu Hause an. Die ewige Frage, ob sich hinter den mythischen Helden historische Vorbilder verbergen, stellt sich auch bei Odysseus. Die meisten Wissenschaftler sind davon überzeugt, dass der König von Ithaka keine Persönlichkeit der Geschichte ist, sondern ein idealisierter Anführer oder König. Trotzdem versuchen einige Forscher zu beweisen, dass es ihn tatsächlich gegeben hat. Mehr zum Thema gibt es vom Fachberater des Films, Dr. Heinz Warnecke: "Homers Wilder Westen: Die historisch-geographische Wiedergeburt der Odyssee." Weitere Literatur: Grethlein, Jonas: Die Odyssee. Homer und die Kunst des Erzählens. München 2017 Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke: Das archaische Griechenland. Die Stadt und das Meer. München 2015 Bringmann, Klaus: Im Schatten der Paläste. Geschichte des frühen Griechenlands. München 2016 Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (Hrsg.): Zeit der Helden: Die Dunklen Jahrhunderte Griechenlands. Karlsruhe 2008 Schmidt-Hofner, Sebastian: Das klassische Griechenland: Der Krieg und die Freiheit. München 2016 Zimmermann, Martin: Gewalt: Die dunkle Seite der Antike. München 2013 Abonnieren? Einfach hier klicken - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCA3mpqm67CpJ13YfA8qAnow?sub_confirmation=1 Der Film gehört zum Dreiteiler "Superhelden", weitere Folgen sind: Superhelden (2/3): Beowulf : https://www.zdf.de/dokumentation/terra-x/superhelden-beowulf-100.html#xtor=CS3-82 Superhelden (3/3): Parzival: https://www.zdf.de/dokumentation/terra-x/superhelden-parzival-100.html#xtor=CS3-82 Alle Filme und Infos zu Terra X gibt es hier – http://www.terra-x.de Terra X bei Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Terra X bei Instagram – https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser
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