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00:00:02

[music]

00:00:14

hello guys

00:00:16

the topic of the lesson is the system of higher education

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history and modernity the emergence and

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development of higher education today in

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the lesson we will determine the change and

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continuity in the development of the

00:00:33

higher education system in the context of

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historical development in 1167 the

00:00:40

University of Oxford was founded

00:00:43

it was founded by members of monastic orders

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the clergy were then very poor

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and were forced to rent rooms from

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local residents in 1167, the justification for the

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OCS of Oxford University is associated with a

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turning point in history when a

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conflict arose between the Supreme

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Pontiff of the Catholic world, Pope

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Alexander III,

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Archbishop Becket and King

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Henry of England, the fact is that King

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Henry of England forbade travel students to

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study abroad, that is, for example, in

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France, and students were forced to

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study at Oxford in order to receive

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further education. In the future,

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several stages in the development of

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Oxford University can be distinguished: in the 13th and

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fourteenth centuries,

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students had their fees for accommodation

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and rooms reduced, then in the 13th century, a

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system appeared there were about ten of them in the college the

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first colleges were called merton and

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bologna college owned the land adjacent to

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them we here students could live and

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study on campuses in the 14th century the

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university turned into a major

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academic scientific

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and educational center in england where

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disputes were constantly held on

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politically, ideologically and culturally

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topics thus, gradually by the

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fifteenth century there were fewer

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subjects on religion in religion and most of

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all the university taught

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science in the Middle Ages, training

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was carried out according to the method of commenting on the

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works of ancient authors and therefore

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the student was bored they required

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classes of an applied

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or practical nature course

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teaching at that time included such

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areas as the humanities, in

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particular music,

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arithmetic, logic, rhetoric, geometry,

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astronomy, anyone who wanted to study these

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disciplines could enter the

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humanities department, medicine,

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civil and church law, theology, the

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bachelor's training program

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provided for a

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four-year period of study, during

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which time students had to

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regularly attend lectures and take

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participation in scientific debates

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four years later, students could

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apply to receive a bachelor of

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arts diploma until 1878, women did

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not have the right to study at Oxford; in 1974, the

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college's statutes were changed to

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include a clause stating that both women and

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men could study together in the twentieth

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century

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courses

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relating to applied natural and

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medical sciences were added to the humanities until 1878, women did not

00:04:19

have the right to enter the university in 3974, the

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college charters were changed

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and both men and women could now

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study together in the 20th century,

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disciplines

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relating to applied natural sciences were added to the humanities and

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medical sciences in 1209, the

00:04:44

University of Cambridge was founded; it arose after a

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clash between professors and students in

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Oxford with local residents who

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fled to the north and here they founded the

00:04:58

University of Cambridge in 1214,

00:05:03

university rules were adopted, a

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rector was appointed, and even a curriculum was drawn up

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in 1318 year,

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Pope John 22 awarded Cambridge the status of an

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official university of the Catholic

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Church.

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Members of the university council were

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obliged to accept

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ecclesiastical education. Until 1871, the most

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prestigious was considered the Parisian

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university, founded in 1200,

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which grew out of the theological school of the

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orphanage,

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where 16 students lived, 4 French,

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Germans, Englishmen and Italians.

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founded by the king's confessor Robert

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Sarbon, since then the University of Paris and

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is called the Argonne course of study

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there lasted 10 years; upon completion, the student

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had to debate with twenty professors from 6 am to 6 pm without a

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break,

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who changed every half hour;

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endurance; those who passed such a test,

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the student received a doctorate and a special

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black cap, the University of Paris

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was divided into four faculties

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theological legal medical and

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liberal arts

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soon the University of Paris became a

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theological center in Europe

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independent of the secular court and

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received the consolidation of its rights by the

00:06:41

papal authorities in the 14th and 15th centuries

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universities were opened in Italy

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Czech Republic Poland Germany and Switzerland,

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universities enjoyed the

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patronage of the

00:06:54

Catholic Church; they were created by kings

00:06:57

and municipal authorities during the

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Renaissance, under the influence of new ideas,

00:07:03

universities began to prepare students

00:07:05

not only for church but also for active

00:07:08

secular life; the

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invention of printing in the fifteenth

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century

00:07:13

contributed to the spread of

00:07:15

scientific journals in universities; by the 16th century, an

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increasing place In the activities of

00:07:21

universities, science began to occupy a position in the

00:07:25

seventeenth century as the patron and

00:07:27

leaders of Sarbon, and Cardinal Richelieu became

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his order in the 1630s, on which the

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construction of a new complex of

00:07:37

Sarbon buildings and, on the model of the

00:07:40

University of Paris, all

00:07:42

universities in France were organized in the modern

00:07:44

era. By the 18th century, universities published

00:07:49

their own scientific journals

00:07:52

Harvard University was the first

00:07:56

university in the USA in 1636 members of the

00:08:01

Supreme Court of the Massachusetts Colony

00:08:03

decided to create it. The

00:08:07

patron of this university

00:08:09

is the English Minister

00:08:12

Bachelor of Arts John Harvard,

00:08:15

who at one time bequeathed his entire

00:08:19

library to the university - about 400

00:08:24

houses and half of his property

00:08:28

and in 1643, Radcliffe established 1 fund

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to support scientific research at

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this university. The

00:08:40

university’s own charter was also approved in 1650.

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Until 1708, Harvard University was

00:08:53

dominated mainly by subjects

00:08:56

related to religion. The turn to secular

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education occurred in 1708 when the

00:09:04

post of head The university

00:09:07

was occupied by John Lee Wired, who received a

00:09:10

classical secular education in the 18th

00:09:15

century, the

00:09:16

teaching of academic disciplines

00:09:18

was dominated by the ideas of enlightenment, science and

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freedom of thought,

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let's consider what the system of

00:09:28

higher education in Russia was like.

00:09:31

The Imperial Moscow University is

00:09:34

rightfully considered the oldest Russian

00:09:37

university, it was founded in 1755, the

00:09:43

establishment of this university in Moscow

00:09:46

became possible thanks to the outstanding

00:09:50

scientist and encyclopedist, the first Russian

00:09:53

academician Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.

00:09:57

By the way, his assistant was Ivan

00:10:01

Shuvalov, at that time the favorite of Empress

00:10:04

Elizabeth Petrovna, who

00:10:06

patronized the

00:10:07

development of Russian science and culture,

00:10:10

helped many of Mikhail Lomonosov’s endeavors.

00:10:23

on May 7, 1755,

00:10:32

3 faculties of philosophical medicine were formed at Moscow University

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and legally it

00:10:38

should be noted that there was no place for

00:10:43

theology

00:10:44

and all students began their studies

00:10:49

at the Faculty of Philosophy where they received

00:10:52

fundamental training in the

00:10:54

natural and human sciences;

00:10:58

education could be continued by

00:11:00

specializing in legal

00:11:03

medicine or at the same

00:11:06

faculty of philosophy, the main difference from

00:11:09

European universities is that

00:11:11

subjects were taught here not only

00:11:14

in Latin but also in Russian, and

00:11:18

also what distinguishes this is the absence of a

00:11:21

theological faculty,

00:11:22

since in Russia there was a

00:11:25

special education system

00:11:27

for the training of

00:11:29

ministers of the Orthodox Church the head of

00:11:33

the university was the curator who

00:11:37

appointed teachers and approved lecture courses the

00:11:41

first curator was Shuvalov the

00:11:45

university was subordinate to the senate the

00:11:49

university press was founded by the

00:11:52

Russian educator journalists

00:11:56

Novikov in the 1780s the

00:12:00

popular newspaper at that time was called

00:12:04

Moskovskie Vedomosti it was published at

00:12:08

Moscow University the

00:12:10

first director was Argamakov

00:12:14

Moscow University is distinguished by its

00:12:18

democratic composition of students and

00:12:20

professors, and

00:12:25

representatives of

00:12:27

various segments of the population could enter this university

00:12:29

except serfs. In the preamble of the

00:12:32

decree on the establishment of the university in

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Moscow,

00:12:36

it was noted that it was created for the

00:12:38

general training of commoners; this

00:12:43

largely determined the widespread

00:12:45

prevalence of advanced scientific and scientific teachers among mustard gas students.

00:12:57

writers Turgenev Chekhov

00:13:01

parsnip poets Fet Tyutchev artist

00:13:09

Kandinsky directors and artistic

00:13:12

directors Meyerhold and

00:13:14

Nemirovich-Danchenko studied social ideas at the Moscow Imperial University and now I propose to

00:13:19

consolidate the acquired knowledge task

00:13:24

express your opinion on the statements

00:13:27

true or false test yourself

00:13:43

Oxford University was founded in

00:13:46

1167 this is true in the 15th century the

00:13:51

teaching of academic disciplines

00:13:53

was dominated by the ideas of enlightenment

00:13:55

this is incorrect because the ideas of enlightenment

00:13:58

spread in the seventeenth century

00:14:01

cardinal richelieu patronized the

00:14:04

university of paris sarbon this is

00:14:07

true in 1309 the university of cambridge was founded

00:14:13

this statement is incorrect

00:14:15

since it was founded in 1209 the

00:14:19

university of moscow stood out for its

00:14:22

democratic composition of students and

00:14:24

professors

00:14:25

the statements are correct let's summarize the lesson in the

00:14:31

14th-15th centuries universities were opened in

00:14:35

Italy Czech Republic Poland Germany Switzerland

00:14:40

universities enjoyed the

00:14:41

patronage of the Catholic Church

00:14:44

were created by kings and municipal

00:14:46

authorities in the Renaissance under the

00:14:49

influence of new ideas universities began to

00:14:53

prepare students for active secular

00:14:55

life

00:14:56

day in the 16th century, science began to occupy a large place in the

00:14:59

teaching of universities;

00:15:01

in the 18th century, the ideas of the era of enlightenment prevailed in the teaching of

00:15:06

academic disciplines; this is where

00:15:08

our lesson

00:15:14

came to an end,

00:15:16

goodbye

00:15:21

[music]

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Тема урока: Система высшего образования: история и современность. Возникновение и развитие высшего образования /22.04.2021/ С понедельника по пятницу с 09:00-18:00 телевизионные уроки в эфире EL ARNA Запись телеуроков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDIwNJYcIQ77fZ7Tqrb5myYpNtQbhnA4p https://edu.elarna.kz/ru/tv-lessons

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