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ЗАБЫТЫЕ ВОЙНЫ РОССИИ
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00:00:06
[music]
00:00:15
[applause] [music]
00:00:16
[applause]
00:00:17
[music]
00:00:34
only 20 years had passed since the death of the
00:00:37
Kiev prince Yaroslav the Wise, and the barely
00:00:40
created Russian state
00:00:42
was ready to crumble into separate principalities
00:00:47
between his descendants there was a bloody struggle
00:00:50
for power; the brother took up arms against the brother of the city
00:00:54
they went to war against each other and
00:00:58
in the meantime the common enemy the Polovtsians was gaining strength,
00:01:06
at first the nomads plundered villages on the southern
00:01:09
borders,
00:01:10
but while they were fighting each other, the
00:01:12
Polovtsian Khan, feeling impunity,
00:01:15
began to besiege large cities, it got to
00:01:19
the point that the Polovtsians put forward an unprecedented
00:01:21
demand that Kiev should pay them tribute in
00:01:25
exchanging for security this was a threat
00:01:27
to the very existence of Russia,
00:01:31
repulsing the enemy was possible only by
00:01:34
uniting by force all Russian lands,
00:01:36
Prince Vladimir Monomakh had to
00:01:39
accomplish almost impossible things to
00:01:42
stop internal hostility and by gathering a
00:01:45
united army with a sword in hand
00:01:48
to protect the future of the homeland
00:01:51
[music]
00:02:05
[music]
00:02:08
[applause]
00:02:12
[music]
00:02:22
in 1066, Russia was ruled by the three sons of
00:02:26
Yaroslav the wise, trying to maintain
00:02:29
peace and harmony in the state,
00:02:31
and at that time, far from Russian lands,
00:02:33
war flared up,
00:02:35
Duke of Normandy William, who bore the
00:02:37
humiliating nickname, illegitimately
00:02:40
born, laid claim to the
00:02:42
English crown, his troops invaded
00:02:46
England, King Harald the second was killed and the
00:02:49
Norman Duke took the English
00:02:51
throne and from now on was called William the
00:02:54
Conqueror, the
00:03:05
daughter of the murdered King Harold by the way,
00:03:07
the Saka fled to Denmark
00:03:10
when the girl grew up, they found a noble
00:03:13
groom for a young Russian prince
00:03:17
[music]
00:03:21
his name was Vladimir and he bore the
00:03:23
nickname Monomakh, unusual for Russians,
00:03:35
1074 year the ship was ready to sail, the
00:03:39
crew was afraid that
00:03:41
a storm might break out and was in a hurry to go out to sea, the
00:03:44
children were also scared, but she was not afraid of
00:03:48
the storm, just recently the princess was the daughter of the
00:03:51
English king, and today she was an orphan and
00:03:54
exile, she was getting ready for a long journey
00:03:57
towards her destiny
00:04:00
in Smolensk, the young prince Vladimir
00:04:03
Monomakh had been waiting for his bride for only a year since his
00:04:07
father put him in charge of the city, but the
00:04:09
young prince had already seen foreigners.
00:04:12
Overseas trading people are not uncommon in Russia,
00:04:14
but the princess is
00:04:17
how pretty she is in Russian, she
00:04:21
doesn’t say it’s definitely good; the father of the
00:04:23
young prince, Vsevolod Yaroslavich,
00:04:25
owns five languages ​​and taught his son something,
00:04:29
so the boat and somewhere on it his
00:04:33
bride
00:04:39
[music]
00:04:51
so in Smolensk 3 dynasties of
00:04:55
English kings of Russian princes and
00:04:58
Byzantine emperors crossed paths
00:05:07
Vladimir Monomakh was the grandson of the
00:05:10
Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise
00:05:13
Vladimir's father Vsevolod married a
00:05:15
Byzantine princess and relatives of
00:05:17
Emperor Constantine Monomakh
00:05:19
from his mother's family name, Vladimir
00:05:23
inherited his nickname translated from
00:05:25
Greek, she means fighting together,
00:05:32
years will pass and the prince will prove
00:05:34
the validity of this definition, he
00:05:37
will take part in more than 80 battles and
00:05:40
campaigns and almost all of them will end in
00:05:42
victories and the Russians will pronounce the name of Monomakh
00:05:45
with respect and pride,
00:05:50
when the little monomach was
00:05:53
only a year old, his grandfather Yaroslav the Wise died,
00:05:58
accomplished many great deeds during his
00:06:00
long life, the Grand Duke
00:06:03
went on campaigns, conquered neighboring tribes,
00:06:07
pacified the steppe enemies of his disciples, built
00:06:10
cities and temples, created the first
00:06:14
code of laws written in Russia, really Yaroslav
00:06:17
Vladimirovich,
00:06:22
but Before his death, Yaroslav was concerned about the
00:06:25
future of his state, whether strife would break out
00:06:28
between his sons for the
00:06:30
grand-ducal throne; he remembered how he
00:06:33
himself rebelled against his father, Vladimir
00:06:35
the Great, and fought with his brothers; how to
00:06:40
avoid another fratricide;
00:06:44
it seemed to Yaroslav the wise that he had found a
00:06:47
way out; he made his
00:06:50
eldest son or
00:06:54
he gave words to the rest in the administration in the volost of
00:06:57
Svetoslav of Chernigov, everything
00:07:00
was transferred to the famine to the two younger ones, Vyacheslav Igor,
00:07:04
Vladimir-Volynsky and Smolensk and ordered
00:07:08
the sons to obey their elder brother according to
00:07:11
Yaroslav's will after the death of Izyaslav, the
00:07:15
Kiev table was followed in turn by
00:07:17
his brothers Svyatoslav, then Vsevolod
00:07:21
followed them and their children also in the order of
00:07:24
clan seniority,
00:07:26
so in Russia the bullish transfer of the throne was established,
00:07:29
staircase or regular
00:07:34
staircase right of
00:07:36
succession to the throne in ancient Russia, the name
00:07:39
comes from the Old Slavic word
00:07:42
ladder, that is, stairs, the right of the ladder
00:07:45
was based on the idea
00:07:48
that the Russian lands do not have a single
00:07:50
ruler, they are jointly owned by all the
00:07:53
princes of the Rurik family,
00:07:55
the title of Grand Duke passed not from
00:07:58
father to son, but to the eldest in the family,
00:08:00
according to seniority,
00:08:02
they were distributed and all the possessions of the eldest
00:08:05
princes were spent in richer cities, the
00:08:08
younger ones were more distant, but if the
00:08:11
Grand Duke changed in Kiev, a
00:08:13
new redistribution of
00:08:16
possessions immediately began, the younger princes rose in the
00:08:19
hierarchy receiving in the management of
00:08:22
richer principalities
00:08:29
1075 guide they immediately figured out
00:08:33
these confusing rules in her homeland the
00:08:35
king ruled the entire country and power
00:08:38
was transferred to the son, although this rule
00:08:41
was often violated
00:08:43
[music]
00:08:45
her father seized the throne thanks to
00:08:48
wealth and military strength and becoming king,
00:08:51
his power was neither with whom I no longer shared in
00:08:54
Russia everything was more complicated somewhere
00:08:57
I agreed with my husband that his grandfather’s plan
00:09:00
was good all the descendants of Rurik live in
00:09:03
peace and harmony and jointly own the
00:09:06
Russian lands why the strange one should
00:09:09
flourish but in reality it often turned out
00:09:13
quite differently
00:09:15
the rule of the ladder were observed, albeit with
00:09:18
some violations, for
00:09:20
several centuries, but they also led to the
00:09:23
disunity of Russia; the more the
00:09:26
Rurik family tree branched out, the more
00:09:29
contenders for the power
00:09:31
of the principality appeared;
00:09:41
They gave the Grand Duke the
00:09:47
forest personal rights and gave rise to another
00:09:50
problem
00:09:55
when one of the Rurikovichs died
00:09:58
without waiting for their turn to reign,
00:10:00
his sons were left completely without inheritance,
00:10:05
they called such princes outcasts,
00:10:12
they lived with relatives or served in the
00:10:15
army, but it happened that, dissatisfied with
00:10:17
their lot, they rebelled and They tried to
00:10:20
take over foreign lands by force. The
00:10:24
first years after the death of Yaroslav were
00:10:27
calm, Russia was ruled by his eldest
00:10:30
sons
00:10:31
Izyaslav of Kiev, Svyatoslav of Chernigov
00:10:34
and Vsevolod of Pereyaslav,
00:10:37
but gradually disputes began to arise,
00:10:40
one or the other ruler declared
00:10:42
their rights,
00:10:46
at first the conflicts were resolved without
00:10:48
bloodshed, but Prince Vseslav, who owned half of
00:10:52
hell lands decided to declare his
00:10:54
rights by taking up the sword
00:10:59
[music]
00:11:03
Vseslav bryci Slavich the ruler of the
00:11:07
Polotsk principality, one of the
00:11:09
richest in Russia, where he spent an unusually
00:11:12
long 57 years, pursued a policy independent of
00:11:16
Kiev, significantly increasing the
00:11:19
area of ​​​​his possessions in the word about
00:11:21
Igor’s campaign, he is mentioned as a sorcerer
00:11:35
having received a rebuff from the sons of Yaroslav, with
00:11:38
his squad he plundered the outskirts of
00:11:40
Kiev to the capital itself and did not dare, but
00:11:44
attacked Pskov and Novgorod for
00:11:46
several days his soldiers robbed and
00:11:49
killed
00:11:50
Novgorod was partially planted, part of
00:11:53
the townspeople were seen captured near the stake and the code of the
00:11:56
Novgorod churches taken away into stripes,
00:12:05
the Novgorodians said that Even the Volkhov River
00:12:08
could not tolerate such a desecration and
00:12:11
flowed backwards for four days with
00:12:14
great difficulty. The united army of the
00:12:17
Yaroslavichs was able to defeat the sorcerer
00:12:24
[applause]
00:12:27
Vladimir Monomakh took part in this campaign and
00:12:33
he was fourteen years old. At first he
00:12:36
witnessed bloody battles
00:12:38
between relatives and then the treachery of his
00:12:42
own father and they
00:12:45
cunningly lured his brothers into
00:12:47
negotiations, took them captive and
00:12:50
imprisoned them in a Kiev dungeon, they consoled only
00:12:53
one thing, it seemed that the war was over, but then a
00:12:57
new misfortune befell Russia
00:13:03
[music] in
00:13:04
1068, hordes of the nomadic people Polovtsians poured in from the south, a
00:13:13
nomadic people of Turkic
00:13:16
origin in the middle In the 11th century,
00:13:19
settled over a vast territory from the
00:13:21
Danube to Siberia in the east, they were known
00:13:24
as Kipchaks in Russia, they were called Polovtsians
00:13:27
from the Old Russian word alova, that is,
00:13:30
straw, for the light color of their hair, unusual for the Turks, the
00:13:34
Polovtsians were divided into clans and
00:13:37
tribes of the
00:13:38
horde, headed by a khan and
00:13:41
light cavalry nomads workshops
00:13:44
who wielded bows and arrows were a
00:13:46
deadly enemy for the neighbors
00:13:53
the guide and had never seen the Polovtsians,
00:13:56
only her husband and his cousin Prince
00:13:58
Oleg talked endlessly about battles with
00:14:01
nomads,
00:14:02
what would happen if the savages broke into
00:14:05
Smolensk, it was
00:14:09
especially scary for their and Vladimir’s
00:14:12
first-born son she remembered how the
00:14:15
arrival of foreigners ended and then where should she
00:14:19
run
00:14:21
and only looking at Vladimir so
00:14:24
calm and confident did the princess
00:14:26
feel that fear was receding a little
00:14:42
Polovtsians settled in the wild field of a
00:14:47
huge steppe strip between the Black and
00:14:50
Azov seas after Yaroslav
00:14:53
the Wise defeated other nomads of the
00:14:55
Pechenegs
00:14:57
Pecheneg tribes went to the west and the
00:14:59
Polovtsians occupied their territory, then
00:15:02
no one knew that with their arrival in Russia a
00:15:05
series of new wars would begin. The first
00:15:09
meeting with the new neighbors ended
00:15:11
peacefully. Monomakh’s father, Prince Vsevolod,
00:15:14
concluded an agreement with them on the border,
00:15:17
but it soon became clear that these agreements meant
00:15:19
nothing standing
00:15:25
nomads attacked Russian lands,
00:15:28
marching villages and taking captives with them, the
00:15:34
possession of all Vlada suffered most from these raids. Pereyaslavl Russian
00:15:37
today
00:15:38
Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky
00:15:40
in the summer of 1068,
00:15:44
all three sons of Yaroslav
00:15:46
the wise came out to repel the Polovtsian invasion on the Alta River, they met the
00:15:50
army x our hand and then it turned out
00:15:53
that the enemy was stronger than it seemed, the battle
00:15:56
ended with the defeat of the Russian army,
00:15:59
the defeat was so unexpected that
00:16:01
Prince Svetoslav fled to Chernigov and
00:16:04
Izyaslav and Vsevolod took refuge in Kiev, the
00:16:07
Polovtsians scattered across the Russian land,
00:16:09
devastating villages
00:16:13
[music]
00:16:18
Izyaslav fled to Poland and
00:16:21
became the great prince of Kiev Svyatoslav
00:16:24
Vsevolod retained Pereyaslavl and
00:16:27
received, in addition to it, Chernigov, the second most
00:16:30
important city after Kiev. The
00:16:33
15-year-old monomachos did not interfere in this
00:16:36
line; he did not dare to judge his father, but he
00:16:39
perfectly understood the dangers that were posed to the
00:16:42
Russian land by enemies forever on the
00:16:45
one hand and princely civil strife on the
00:16:48
other hand, the
00:16:53
unity of the riverbeds was becoming a thing of the past, an
00:16:56
alarming era was coming, filled with
00:16:59
the ringing of weapons
00:17:09
in Smolensk in
00:17:11
1077, from her husband, Gita had long known that the
00:17:15
enemies of his homeland were people from the steppe, so
00:17:19
she refused to understand that he
00:17:21
would not fight with the Polovtsians with Oleg, the
00:17:25
same Oleg who baptized their son,
00:17:30
she had already was expecting a second child and her husband went
00:17:34
to fight with his friend and
00:17:36
cousin, will this flow of blood
00:17:39
never stop
00:17:45
Oleg Svyatoslavich the fourth son of
00:17:48
Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
00:17:50
as a friend of Vladimir Monomakh became
00:17:52
the godfather of his first son Mstislav,
00:17:55
together with his brothers, he was the instigator of a
00:17:58
number of internecine wars, inviting the
00:18:01
Polovtsians to be allies in as payment, the
00:18:03
Polovtsian moss gave us the captured
00:18:06
lands in robbery the word about Igor's regiment
00:18:09
was named Harry Slava for the terrible harm
00:18:12
that he brought to the Russian land
00:18:15
former friends Vladimir Monomakh and Oleg
00:18:19
Svyatoslavich turned into enemies
00:18:21
overnight in 1076 Svyatoslav died in Kiev
00:18:26
Oleg's father to his homeland from Poland, the
00:18:29
exile hurried to Izyaslav, by that
00:18:32
time Monomakh's father Vsevolod had managed to
00:18:35
enter Kiev, but decided to cede it to his
00:18:37
elder brother as the rightful owner
00:18:40
and be content with Chernigov, but
00:18:43
Svetoslav's sons, led by Oleg, did not
00:18:46
let Vsevolod of Chernigov in; they occupied
00:18:49
the city as their patrimony and prepared for
00:18:51
war,
00:18:56
Oleg called In the allies of the worst enemies of
00:18:59
Russia, the Polovtsians and the squad of his
00:19:01
cousin Borisovich and Slavich, and the
00:19:04
prince far away in the city of cockroaches,
00:19:08
Vsevolod accepted the battle but was
00:19:10
defeated,
00:19:11
then he turned for help to his brother Prince
00:19:14
Izyaslav of Kiev and to his son
00:19:17
Vladimir Monomakh Prince Vladimir of Smolensk it
00:19:20
was more difficult to go to this war
00:19:23
than other colleagues, he was not just
00:19:25
his cousin, he was his faithful
00:19:28
friend and the godfather of his son
00:19:31
Mstislav,
00:19:32
but Vladimir could not refuse his father, like
00:19:36
other princes, his brother plunged deeper into the
00:19:38
abyss of a murderous conflict
00:19:42
[music] the
00:19:47
outcome of the confrontation was decided by a battle in which there was no
00:19:50
other field near Chernigov on October 3,
00:19:54
1078, the squads all the way up to Vladimir
00:19:58
Izyaslav stood against the soldiers of Oleg and
00:20:01
Boris of Tmutarakan Oleg hesitated until
00:20:05
the last when the troops were already lined up
00:20:08
in battle formation, he suggested that Boris
00:20:10
try to resolve the matter peacefully, but he was
00:20:13
eager to fight, the
00:20:15
instigators of the troubles were defeated,
00:20:17
Boris died and years ago fled to Tmutarakan and
00:20:21
get up and the Yaroslavichs were mortally
00:20:24
wounded, the Kiev prince Izyaslav, this
00:20:28
meant that the monomach’s father became
00:20:30
the eldest and received the title of the Grand
00:20:33
Duke of Kiev, and Vladimir himself received a
00:20:36
tax for the Chernigov principality for which
00:20:39
the war was fought
00:20:41
[music]
00:20:45
but the civil strife did not stop here
00:20:49
Oleg did not want come to terms with the loss of his
00:20:52
estates and gathered troops, re-
00:21:13
armed the
00:21:16
Polotsk sorcerer Vseslav Bryci Slavich, released from prison,
00:21:27
there was restlessness in both Volyn and
00:21:30
Novgorod, and more and more often rival princes
00:21:33
called the Polovtsians as allies
00:21:46
[music]
00:21:58
Monomakh still considered the Polovtsians
00:22:01
the main danger for Russia many times he
00:22:04
tried to resolve the matter amicably with the nomads,
00:22:06
but could not achieve a firm
00:22:09
peace,
00:22:11
over each time there was a khan with
00:22:15
some of them it was possible to
00:22:16
come to an agreement, but it was not possible to protect himself from the attack of
00:22:19
the rest.
00:22:22
In 1093, when the monomachus was
00:22:27
40 years old, his father, Prince of Kiev
00:22:30
Vsevolod, died, the boyars knew that they died, they love
00:22:33
Vladimir, they advised him to take the
00:22:36
Grand Duke's throne by force, they convinced him
00:22:39
that the people would support him, however, by
00:22:42
seniority, the right of movement belonged to the
00:22:45
son of the murdered Izyaslav Svyatopolk, hardly
00:22:49
the first time in Russia, Prince Robin of the World
00:22:52
voluntarily renounced power, which
00:22:54
seemed to be going into his hands, the
00:22:57
Grand Duke was tired of his cousin
00:22:59
Vladimir's brother Svyatopolk 2 Izyaslavich
00:23:03
Svyatopolk was also eager to
00:23:05
defeat the Polovtsians, but he was in too much of
00:23:08
a hurry to defeat the nomads, it was
00:23:11
only possible by jointly establishing peace on their
00:23:14
land, but
00:23:17
some kind of evil fate seemed to dominate the Russian princes, which every
00:23:20
time led to disaster. It
00:23:28
all started with the fact that in Kiev an
00:23:31
embassy arrived from the Polovtsians, they demanded that
00:23:34
Svyatopolk pay no more than a little tribute,
00:23:37
and at the same time they promised not to touch
00:23:40
Kiev, and no one had dared to set
00:23:43
such conditions for the Russian princes. The
00:23:45
indignant Svyatopolk threw the ambassadors into
00:23:48
prison, having learned about this, the nomads
00:23:51
besieged the city torture Svyatopolk began
00:23:54
to prepare calling on their relatives to
00:23:57
join forces for the campaign, but most of the princes
00:24:00
refused to go to war; their cities
00:24:03
were far from the steppe and
00:24:05
the princes hoped that the Polovtsian
00:24:07
invasion would not reach their lands;
00:24:10
among those who responded to the call were
00:24:13
Vladimir Monomakh and his younger brother
00:24:16
Rostislav,
00:24:26
Vladimir did not expect success from this campaign
00:24:28
They managed to gather too small an army,
00:24:31
but to give in to the enemy now meant tomorrow to
00:24:35
completely submit to the khan
00:24:41
Gita again said goodbye to the can her three
00:24:44
sons Mstislav isis love Svetoslav have already
00:24:48
become warriors novels Yaropolk will soon also
00:24:51
go on campaigns even ten-year-old
00:24:54
Vyacheslav, saying goodbye to his father, asked to take
00:24:57
him with him, the
00:24:58
princely children they grow up early and the main
00:25:01
business of the prince is to protect their land.
00:25:13
Having arrived in Kiev, Vladimir and Rostislav
00:25:16
went to the Pechersk monastery
00:25:18
to pray at the tomb of
00:25:20
St. Theodosius, the founder of the
00:25:23
Pechersk monastery, before going on a hike. The
00:25:27
Pechersk monastery was founded in the
00:25:30
middle of the 11th century by the monks Anthony and
00:25:33
Theodosius
00:25:34
on the site of a cave dug for solitary
00:25:37
prayers by the priest Hilarion the future
00:25:40
Metropolitan of Kiev
00:25:41
in
00:25:43
1688 received the status of a monastery, that is, a
00:25:46
monastery of special historical and
00:25:49
spiritual significance and is
00:25:52
known to this day under the name of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
00:25:57
After visiting the monastery, Rostislav and
00:26:00
his people went down to the Dnieper, here they
00:26:03
met the monk Gregory who came
00:26:06
to the river for water. the
00:26:07
warriors began to make fun of the
00:26:09
puller, to which Gregory said with
00:26:12
sadness,
00:26:14
my children, you should have tenderness and
00:26:18
seek many prayers, but you are doing evil,
00:26:22
this is not pleasing to God, cry for your death
00:26:25
and repent of your sins so that at least the
00:26:28
terrible day of accepting the judgment has already
00:26:31
overtaken all of you from your princes will die
00:26:35
in the water
00:26:36
[music]
00:26:39
23-year-old prince Rastislav was hotly
00:26:42
quick to make a decision you are lying the old man himself you
00:26:46
will die from the water his warriors committed an
00:26:48
unprecedented crime the elder Gregory was
00:26:51
tied up and thrown into the Dnieper
00:26:59
the army set out on a campaign monomach
00:27:01
suggested the princes to evade battles
00:27:04
in an open field, do not cross the full-flowing
00:27:07
river in the spring, knocked and wait for the Polovtsians in a
00:27:10
fortified position,
00:27:12
however Svyatopolk remained adamant,
00:27:15
no defense, only the offensive on
00:27:18
May 26, one thousand ninety-three, the
00:27:21
forces of Svyatopolk and the Chernigov warriors of
00:27:24
Vladimir Monomakh settled on the
00:27:26
flanks, the center was occupied by Rostislav's squad
00:27:34
[music]
00:27:35
Polovtsian cavalry first struck
00:27:38
and appeared to us and mixed up their ranks; the
00:27:46
next blow fell on Rostislav’s regiments;
00:27:51
they trembled and ran,
00:27:54
but there was nowhere to retreat;
00:27:56
behind the river,
00:28:00
when the defeated Russian warriors
00:28:01
tried to swim across,
00:28:04
pouring rain poured down;
00:28:08
the prophecy of the Pechersk elder was
00:28:10
fulfilled exactly; in the water,
00:28:14
everyone who mocked found their death over the schema-monk
00:28:16
we villainous deprived him of his life
00:28:18
Vladimir tried to save Rostislav but
00:28:22
almost died himself the armor pulled him
00:28:24
to the bottom the faithful warriors managed to pull
00:28:27
their prince ashore top hour the dome of its
00:28:32
inhabitants the nomads took into slavery and the
00:28:34
city was set on fire the plan
00:28:39
after this disaster came another when
00:28:43
Oleg learned about the defeat, the attack did not he
00:28:46
decided that his time had struck again
00:28:49
16 years he lived in exile dreaming of
00:28:52
winning Chernikov from Vladimir,
00:28:55
the monomath fell in love with this city, fortified it with a
00:28:58
new wall, decorated it with temples and the clouds
00:29:01
gathered again on the water of Chernigov. In
00:29:05
1094, Oleg brought the
00:29:08
only Polovtsian allies under its walls. they
00:29:11
took Chernigov under siege and began to
00:29:14
ravage the surrounding lands, burning villages and
00:29:16
monasteries
00:29:18
[music]
00:29:25
Vladimir was locked up in Chernigov by his family,
00:29:28
he had to either leave the squad from
00:29:30
the city and fight with his cousin
00:29:32
or give him his city, he only wanted
00:29:36
one thing so that the pagans would never we saw the
00:29:39
princely shame of how
00:29:42
Orthodox brothers fought against each other
00:29:51
[music]
00:29:52
after eight days of siege, in order to save
00:29:55
the city, he lost Chernigov to Oleg and
00:29:57
uttered the phrase that has become famous, don’t
00:30:01
boast but are filthy
00:30:04
without receiving Vladimir Monomakh,
00:30:07
we left Chernigov on St. Boris’s day
00:30:10
and drove through the floor and the
00:30:13
Polovtsians, about 100 people with children and
00:30:16
wives, and the Polovtsians licked their lips at us like
00:30:19
wolves standing at the carriage and on the mountains, and
00:30:23
Gita wanted to look into the eyes of either
00:30:26
who baptized them with Vladimir’s son,
00:30:28
now, having brought with him the nomads,
00:30:31
drove out the children from their houses,
00:30:40
Oleg sat down in Chernigov
00:30:43
had nothing to pay the Polovtsians for their services and he
00:30:45
gave them complete freedom to plunder
00:30:48
throughout the Chernigov land.
00:30:51
Monomakh’s family went to Pereyaslavl,
00:30:55
the city where he spent his childhood, but
00:30:58
the prince did not find peace, and there
00:31:00
soon Oleg and his brothers took
00:31:03
Smolensk from Monomakh and then Vladimir
00:31:07
sent him to Murom son Izyaslav Mor to
00:31:10
return the city on
00:31:13
September 6,
00:31:15
1096, under its walls, 17-year-old isis
00:31:19
love died in front of his
00:31:21
cousin Oleg,
00:31:30
Oleg did not stop there, he occupied even the
00:31:34
most distant fiefdoms of the Monomakh Rostov and
00:31:37
Suzdal, only the intervention of the eldest son of the
00:31:40
Monomakh Mstislav with the Novgorod
00:31:43
army forced Oleg leave the
00:31:45
occupied regions
00:31:53
[music]
00:31:55
for a good half of the time that Vladimir
00:31:57
spent on the princely throne, he fought
00:31:59
with his former friend, he gave in to Oleg when he could
00:32:03
and fought when duty demanded it, but
00:32:06
even now, having lost his son and has
00:32:09
enough strength to avenge him,
00:32:11
he was not thinking about retribution
00:32:14
[music ]
00:32:15
Vladimir wrote to Oleg, is it a wonder in the world
00:32:20
if my husband died in the war,
00:32:24
they died so better of our ancestors, I don’t
00:32:27
want evil, but I want good, I want to take it to the Russian
00:32:31
land, my soul is dearer to me than this whole world, the
00:32:39
first attempt at reconciliation took place in
00:32:43
1097 in the city of Lyubich and where
00:32:46
they met 6 princes including the Kiev
00:32:48
prince Svyatopolk Vladimir Monomakh
00:32:51
Oleg Svyatoslavich and his brother David,
00:32:54
in order to stop strife they legitimized
00:32:57
the rule that each one holds his fatherland, that
00:33:02
is, the land that
00:33:04
their fathers received from Yaroslav the Wise, the
00:33:06
confrontation between Oleg and Vladimir was
00:33:08
over, but the congress did not bring
00:33:12
peace the reason for a new civil strife
00:33:15
was the unheard-of crime of
00:33:17
blinding Prince Vasilko Rostislavich
00:33:19
hotels of Bavaria, behind the backs of those who committed
00:33:23
the crimes, in the opinion of the majority of
00:33:25
participants in those events, stood Svyatopolk
00:33:29
of Kiev and the orders were given by the poisonous
00:33:32
Garrivich of Vladimir-Volynsky,
00:33:38
the war broke out again and the more
00:33:41
fraternal blood the Russians shed, the
00:33:44
bolder the Polovtsians became
00:33:46
[ applause]
00:33:49
Khan Bonyak almost besieged Kiev, betraying his
00:33:53
surroundings to terrible devastation, burned the
00:33:56
suburban grand-ducal palace and the
00:33:59
Pechersk monastery,
00:34:01
monomach overtook the Polovtsians on the Trubezh River
00:34:05
in this battle, the
00:34:07
Polovtsian Khan Tu Gorgan, who remained in the
00:34:10
epics under the name Tugarin Zmeya Vich
00:34:13
[music]
00:34:15
but the forces of the Polovtsians, found his death There were still
00:34:17
great Russian princes who remained
00:34:20
scattered and then Vladimir decided to
00:34:23
unite the country not with weapons but with words in
00:34:27
August 1100 into the town of U after all, and whose
00:34:31
not far from Kiev, at the insistence of the
00:34:33
monomach, the senior princes of the
00:34:35
Rurik family gathered for blinding the cornflower,
00:34:39
Prince David Yegoryevich was deprived of the Volyn
00:34:42
volost and expelled from the congress, blinded, the cornflower
00:34:45
was returned to Terebovlya, the princes, in the
00:34:49
words of the chronicler, created peace among
00:34:51
themselves, putting an end to civil strife, having learned
00:34:55
about this, the Polovtsian khans were alarmed and
00:34:57
suggested to Russia how to make peace.
00:35:00
Svyatopolk agreed to a meeting, it
00:35:03
took place near the town of Sakova, which in those
00:35:05
years stood on the river of gold near Kiev
00:35:08
They conferred, swore vows to each other in
00:35:11
eternal peace and went home.
00:35:16
Vladimir was against this world and
00:35:18
turned out to be right. Exactly a year later, Khan Bonyak
00:35:22
attacked the lands of southern Russia. After this, a
00:35:25
common campaign against the Polovtsians became inevitable. The
00:35:29
fifty-year-old monomach, who had already become a
00:35:31
real leader among the princes, again
00:35:34
called on them to gather. having appointed the
00:35:36
meeting place to the pubis and the lake near Kiev, the
00:35:41
Belovskoe lake and the river behind the rays where
00:35:45
the congresses of princes took place today do not
00:35:47
exist due to the strong change in the
00:35:49
bed of the Dnieper River, according to historians, they
00:35:53
were located on the left bank of the Dnieper
00:35:55
within the current boundaries of the city of Kiev in
00:36:02
March one hundred and three the
00:36:07
princes listened attentively to Vladimir but were in
00:36:10
no hurry to agree; each had their own
00:36:13
concerns about the monomuses. He proposed to go to war
00:36:15
on the steppe, far away and dangerously.
00:36:31
if you don’t give the
00:36:34
steppe people a rebuff, soon there
00:36:37
will be no one at all to plow the land
00:36:42
[music]
00:36:45
inspired by Vladimir’s speech,
00:36:47
almost everyone didn’t go, only Oleg
00:36:50
Svyatoslavich referred to illness and yet,
00:36:54
on the lake, for the first time in history, the
00:36:57
Russian princes agreed to unite
00:37:00
in the fight against an external enemy
00:37:02
the war with the Polovtsians began and
00:37:10
2 on the Dnieper the ice drift ended the
00:37:13
united army set out on a campaign
00:37:16
pursued walked along the shore infantry on the boats of the
00:37:21
island of Khortitsa near the Dnieper
00:37:23
rapids the Russians left the ship and
00:37:26
moved along the steppe east to the
00:37:29
Sea of ​​Azov in early April the troops reached the Sutun River
00:37:35
at the turn of 11 and for 12 centuries the basis of the Russian
00:37:39
army was the princely equestrian squad,
00:37:42
filled with the left or the senior and the
00:37:45
younger, that is, the youngest, the
00:37:48
boyars and the closest princely
00:37:50
associates served in the elders, the younger squad consisted of
00:37:53
youths and children, that is, very
00:37:57
young warriors, if necessary, the
00:38:00
city sheep convened and the people the
00:38:02
militia that fought on
00:38:05
foot served in the Russian army and Varangian
00:38:07
mercenaries as well as nomads from
00:38:10
different tribes, among whom there were
00:38:13
Polovtsian warriors, had Russian principalities
00:38:16
and a rook fleet,
00:38:24
Monomakh sent forward the price of the Ira regiment with a
00:38:27
detachment and was waiting for news from him
00:38:34
when a messenger from his son appeared in the distance
00:38:36
Vladimir himself galloped towards him
00:38:41
[applause]
00:38:43
Yaropolk did not let his father down, he waylaid the
00:38:46
khanal that leg, who led the guard
00:38:49
units of the steppes, and
00:38:53
destroyed the entire detachment along with the khan, but the
00:38:56
main forces of the enemy were already approaching
00:39:07
and
00:39:08
[music] the
00:39:11
Polovtsian regiments had moved, the cocktail from the
00:39:14
end they could not see Russia went to meet them,
00:39:19
so according to the chronicler, the battle began,
00:39:22
few could withstand the blow of the cavalry of
00:39:25
the nomads with its power and speed, it
00:39:28
resembled a mountain avalanche,
00:39:31
but in the spring the horses of the steppe inhabitants weakened after a
00:39:34
hungry winter and the swift attack did not
00:39:37
manage to
00:39:40
break through the closed formation of the Russian accounts and the
00:39:43
enemies were unable to respond. struck from the
00:39:46
flanks by the Russian cavalry, the defeat was
00:39:49
stunning, the exact number of deaths
00:39:51
is unknown, but the Polovtsian
00:39:54
khans alone killed 20 people in this battle;
00:40:00
the victory on the river essentially did not break the back of the
00:40:03
catcher commune procession;
00:40:07
from now on, the Russian squads themselves went to the
00:40:10
level, not allowing the khan to gather his
00:40:13
strength;
00:40:24
1107 passed For four years, Monomakh
00:40:28
prepared for a new campaign, the Russian army
00:40:31
grew stronger in battle, the princes and warriors gained
00:40:35
experience,
00:40:36
but nothing could replace the most important
00:40:39
loss of Monomakh
00:40:43
[music]
00:40:51
death took away his hope and
00:40:54
support in all trials, the mother of 6 of his
00:40:57
sons
00:41:00
went on a campaign
00:41:03
54- year-old widower the
00:41:06
death of princess Getea Saka causes
00:41:10
controversy among historians one day the son of
00:41:13
monomachos Mstislav received a serious wound
00:41:15
while hunting a bear ripped open his stomach Gita
00:41:18
prayed for him all night to Saint
00:41:21
Panteleimon Rostislav saw in a dream a
00:41:23
young man who promised to heal him the next
00:41:26
morning a young man similar to Saint
00:41:30
Panteleimon came to the sick man in reality and
00:41:32
cured him
00:41:35
after this ghetto made a vow to make a
00:41:37
pilgrimage to Jerusalem
00:41:39
allegedly went there and died in
00:41:42
Palestine in 1098, other historians
00:41:46
believe that she ended her days in
00:41:49
1107 in Smolensk
00:41:52
[music]
00:41:59
Monomakh’s army approached the Sula River where
00:42:02
he was met by the sworn enemies
00:42:04
of the khan Bonyak and Sharu Can were still at war with his
00:42:08
father Vsevolod, after an unexpected attack by the
00:42:11
Russians, the Polovtsians fled,
00:42:15
this defeat frightened the other Polovtsian
00:42:19
rulers. Monomakh, an embassy arrived
00:42:21
and the prince made peace with the nomads. Most of the
00:42:25
tribes no longer
00:42:27
thought of breaking the agreement, but
00:42:31
Sharu Can was still alive. revenge banya,
00:42:34
having lost his brother in battle, Vladimir
00:42:38
understood how fragile the
00:42:40
calm on the Russian borders could be and was preparing a
00:42:43
new blow to the great steppe in the
00:42:46
spring of 1111, the united Russian
00:42:50
army headed to the heart of the Polovtsian
00:42:53
lands to the headquarters of the ball to the city of
00:42:56
shourouk, they
00:43:03
headed their regiments Vladimir
00:43:06
Monomakh Svyatopolk of Kiev and Polotsk
00:43:09
Prince David, the son of that same Vseslav
00:43:12
the sorcerer and now the son-in-law of the eldest son of
00:43:14
Monomakh Mstislav,
00:43:22
the plan for a new war was striking in its
00:43:24
scale, never before had Russian warriors
00:43:27
gone so far to the east over the steppe,
00:43:30
prayerful singing was heard, the army
00:43:33
was accompanied by priests after several
00:43:36
battles, the great surrender, but the Russians
00:43:39
lost too many warriors
00:43:41
were running out of food and a
00:43:44
huge enemy army was approaching,
00:43:52
defeat meant death or there
00:43:55
was nowhere to retreat directly around, only the wild
00:43:58
steppe,
00:44:00
the monomacho could only win,
00:44:03
win at all costs
00:44:07
after the battle they brought the prisoner to Vladimir,
00:44:10
mono poppy asked how with such strength and the
00:44:13
steppe inhabitants could not defeat the thinned
00:44:16
Russian army, the Polovtsian answered how
00:44:20
can we fight with you when some rode at the
00:44:23
top of you in bright and terrible weapons and
00:44:26
helped you with
00:44:28
God's help and intercession from above, the
00:44:31
Russians explained this victory, complete and
00:44:35
unconditional, a
00:44:37
year later the prince sent his son
00:44:40
Yaropolk to remind the great steppe vile
00:44:43
and the power of Russian weapons, but he returned with
00:44:46
unexpected news, the steppe was empty
00:44:49
again, the way was opened by a merchant caravan
00:44:52
with the revival of trade, the towns became rich, the
00:44:56
ruined border towns were rebuilt,
00:44:59
and the
00:45:03
prince, who gave prosperity to his native land,
00:45:06
had to climb the
00:45:08
last highest step of
00:45:11
the ladder
00:45:12
[music] in the
00:45:18
spring of 1113, the monomacho arrived
00:45:22
envoy from Kiev
00:45:23
capital uprising
00:45:27
Prince Svyatopolk died the poor people rushed to
00:45:31
destroy the courts of wealthy townspeople and
00:45:33
especially the hated moneylenders there was no
00:45:37
consent among the people of Kiev, some called
00:45:39
David of Chernigov to the grand-ducal table
00:45:41
and others stood for
00:45:43
Vladimir Monomakh,
00:45:47
but the Monomakh remained true to himself, David the
00:45:51
Elder according to the law given to him by Yaroslav the
00:45:54
wise and to rule the capital,
00:46:00
however, David was in no hurry to go to Kiev, the rebellion
00:46:04
spread, the people's assembly called Vladimir to the table
00:46:07
and he came to save his
00:46:10
fatherland, the city where his grandfather and father reigned,
00:46:14
incredibly, but for the first time in Russian history, the
00:46:17
legal heirs, David and Oleg
00:46:19
Svyatoslavich, did not oppose
00:46:28
to the end of his days, Prince Vladimir
00:46:31
firmly held power over the entire Russian
00:46:34
land, the influence of the man who put an end
00:46:37
to the strife defeated the Polovtsians was
00:46:40
enormous, even the Byzantine emperors
00:46:43
a sign of respect presented the prince with rich
00:46:46
gifts, later this gave birth to the legend of the
00:46:50
Monomakh's cap, the
00:46:51
Monomakh's cap, a golden pointed
00:46:55
headdress with a sable cannon
00:46:57
crowned with a cross and
00:47:01
the symbol of Russian autocracy decorated with precious stones
00:47:03
was worn at the wedding of the kingdom,
00:47:06
contrary to the legend, reflected in the name of
00:47:09
the hat, it did not belong to Prince
00:47:11
Vladimir, but was created much later,
00:47:17
although the monomachus never put on the
00:47:19
famous hat, a symbol of power and
00:47:21
unity of the Russian lands, it was not by chance that it was
00:47:25
named after him, the life of the prince itself was
00:47:28
calling for peace and harmony,
00:47:31
his
00:47:34
moral testament to his descendants has reached our days, where he
00:47:37
shared his experience, taught how to govern
00:47:40
the state and what to live for
00:47:44
from the teaching of Vladimir Monomakh,
00:47:47
truly my children, you understand that
00:47:50
God loves a person, he is merciful and when he is merciful, we are
00:47:54
sinful mortals and if anyone is with us
00:47:58
does evil, then we want to devour him and
00:48:01
shed his blood as quickly as possible, but our Lord
00:48:04
waters both life and death,
00:48:07
our sin above our heads
00:48:10
endures all our lives, like a father who loves his child,
00:48:13
beats him and again draws him to himself,
00:48:17
and our Lord showed us victory
00:48:20
over our enemies how to
00:48:23
get rid of them with three good deeds and defeat them with
00:48:26
repentance, tears and alms
00:48:31
[music]
00:48:35
Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh died on May 19,
00:48:40
1125, 7 years later his son
00:48:45
and heir died, Mstislav the great last
00:48:47
prince of the united Russian state, their
00:48:51
downed first-born
00:48:54
descendants neglected the precepts of Monomakh,
00:48:58
internecine strife
00:48:59
resumed and Russia finally
00:49:02
split into several independent
00:49:04
principalities,
00:49:05
and soon an even more terrible disaster came
00:49:08
to the Russian lands, the Mongol
00:49:10
Tatar hordes fell, it took almost 300 years
00:49:13
to throw off the hated
00:49:16
yoke and this happened only after
00:49:19
all the forces of Russia united against a common
00:49:23
enemy, just as never before during the great Prince
00:49:25
Vladimir Monomakh, a
00:49:27
prince who never sought the power
00:49:31
of princes, who gave everything to bring
00:49:35
peace to his land
00:49:40
[music]
00:49:49
[music]
00:50:00
[music]

Description:

Дорогие зрители! Рады сообщить, что теперь ваши любимые проекты доступны в формате аудиокниг 🎶: 📖🔊 «НУЛЕВАЯ МИРОВАЯ»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_lpyjVHr3rM8QC92K6GtAuMzw1C7dPBPSM 📖🔊 «ВЕЛИКИЕ БИТВЫ РОССИИ»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_njKBE_eiZTxmq5YxZ75zn1y_GogvjRry4 📖🔊 «ПОДЛИННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ РУССКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_lhDR8wTGLr1f9bHJUFMl4NdQCHKeVB9zk 📖🔊 «ВЕЛИКАЯ ВОЙНА»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_k_-TrE3n5gWKeGszSKb2pakFQAVBda0YM Желаем приятного прослушивания 🎧 https://www.youtube.com/starmedia Лучшие русские и зарубежные фильмы, сериалы всех жанров. https://www.youtube.com/user/starmedia/playlists?shelf_id=43&view=50&sort=dd Здесь только хорошее кино: мелодрамы, драмы, детективы, комедии, ужасы, документальные фильмы в хорошем качестве! Все серии сериала: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhuA9d7RIOdZrQrddyDTZUhmWqeZkbiec Год производства: 2018 (1 сезон) Страна: Россия Жанр: документальный, военный, драма, история Слоган: — Режиссер: Павел Сергацков Сценарий: Дмитрий Володихин, Василий Шевцов, Александр Данилов Продюсер: Валерий Бабич, Влад Ряшин В главных ролях: Дмитрий Митюрич, Елена Лагута, Юрий Миронцев, Альбина Кубрикова, Олег Ефремов, Антон Александров, Вилен Бабичев «Забытые войны России» - это цикл документально-игровых фильмов о вооруженных конфликтах, в которые вступало Российское государство со времён крещения Руси до отечественной войны 1812 года. За эти годы России противостояли сильнейшие державы: Византия, Швеция, Османская империя, Персия, Золотая орда… Зритель узнает об особенностях вооружения и тактиках ведения боя на разных этапах отечественной истории, увидит реконструкцию неизвестных сражений Кутузова и Багратиона, Богдана Хмельницкого и Дениса Давыдова, Владимира Мономаха и Святослава Мудрого. Цикл состоит из 12 серий, каждая из которых посвящена истории одной войны. Давно ушедшие времена и события оживают на экране в осадах и погонях, блеске металла и пушечном дыме, в политических интригах и в драме человеческой жизни на войне. Список серий: Походы Святослава Войны Мономаха Неизвестная Орда Литовско-московские войны Ливонская война Смутное время. Смоленская оборона Азовское осадное сидение Войны Алексея Михайловича Война на польское наследство Русско-персидская война Русско-шведская война Русско-турецкая война 1806-1812 годов Онлайн-кинотеатр StarMedia на YouTube https://www.youtube.com/starmedia Смотреть онлайн фильмы и сериалы бесплатно в хорошем качестве. Star Media в социальных сетях: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser https://vk.com/starmediafilm https://ok.ru/starmedia https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html StarmediafilmRu https://twitter.com/StarMedia_2006 https://www.linkedin.com/company/%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-star-media- #StarMedia

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