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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:07
September 1941 the00:00:12
blockade ring has just closed around Leningrad and the Nazis are already in full control in the suburbs. The00:00:15
once00:00:18
majestic residence of the Russian00:00:20
Empress in Tsarskoye Selo is00:00:23
now a pitiful sight; the windows are knocked out; the furniture is00:00:26
overturned; the silk upholstery of the sofas is00:00:29
cut into foot wraps by Wehrmacht soldiers;00:00:35
on three trucks containing 27 boxes,00:00:39
the Nazis transported the amber room to00:00:42
Königsberg where, during the installation of the00:00:44
amber masterpiece in the royal castle, an00:00:47
unfortunate nuisance was discovered: one00:00:51
of the four Florentine mosaics00:00:53
was lost during transportation;00:01:01
didn’t steal it, it00:01:05
probably must have perished just like the00:01:06
rest of the mosaics during the fire, the book of the00:01:08
daring castle, the amber room disappeared in00:01:11
the spring of 1945, according to one version, it burned down00:01:15
during the bombing of Königsberg00:01:17
by a friend, it was hidden by the Nazis in an00:01:20
underground bunker,00:01:21
one way or another, its location is00:01:24
still unknown, but a unique mosaic of00:01:27
touch and smell, many years later,00:01:30
our experts discovered in the West in a00:01:33
private collection and forced it to be returned to00:01:36
Russia and the food is00:01:38
looking at it, oh my God, this is genuine a guitar from the00:01:41
amber room, what was left of it was the00:01:45
war is long over, however, the fate of00:01:48
many works of art00:01:50
belonging to our country still00:01:52
remains unknown, all of them are also victims of the00:01:56
Second World War,00:01:57
where to look for the missing, how to00:02:00
systematize it, what should be returned to us00:02:03
and what should we and whether we should return00:02:07
cultural property found themselves00:02:09
hostage to the politics of bureaucracy00:02:12
and often ignorance, but from time to00:02:16
time they make themselves felt and then in00:02:18
different ways they return to the road of two00:02:21
Kosovo such cases are possible and it’s as00:02:24
if it struck me thinking about how00:02:25
things are going with is it too early to add something else,00:02:28
maybe where the truth begins is I. in the00:02:30
search for these objects, a lot of00:02:33
mysteries still remain on the very00:02:36
[music]00:02:41
[music]00:02:54
[music] [00:03:00
music]00:03:04
German cultural experts even before the war00:03:06
compiled a catalog00:03:08
that included those cultural values00:03:10
that, according to the Nazis,00:03:12
corresponded to the ideology of Aryan00:03:14
superiority, a00:03:20
vivid example is the Neptune fountain in00:03:22
Peterhof today we will00:03:26
specially dismantle the German to the work of00:03:27
Hungarian masters specially brought00:03:29
across Europe to render the stolen00:03:33
fountain our experts managed to find00:03:35
already in the post-war years disassembled into00:03:38
boxes00:03:39
it was stored in an underground cache near00:03:41
Potsdam then when opening the00:03:44
boxes it turned out that in one of them00:03:46
there was trophy motorcycle the place of a00:03:49
fragment of Neptune but it was made this00:03:52
fragment and it was restored00:03:58
another masterpiece of German masters00:04:00
big year Tyrian globe planetarium00:04:03
given to Peter the Great by Emperor00:04:05
Frederick now it is in00:04:07
the cabinet of curiosities00:04:08
and before the war it was kept in Tsarskoye Selo00:04:11
from there it was stolen by the Nazis and00:04:14
returned to its native walls only in 1948,00:04:18
how this globe was transported, what was00:04:22
provided for in advance, all the tunnels,00:04:25
what kind of railway, how it can00:04:28
pass, what was specially made for it, a00:04:29
low platform for00:04:32
transporting this fool, how important it00:04:35
was for the people who transported00:04:37
this globe to get it to Germany00:04:42
Hitler, a failed artist, was going to00:04:46
open for the German people in his00:04:48
hometown of Linz a00:04:49
museum of masterpieces associated with all parts of00:04:52
the world, the best, the best, the00:04:55
famous Vienna Academy of Arts,00:04:59
which Adolf Hitler tried to enroll in twice in 1907 in 1908.00:05:03
Perhaps00:05:08
Hitler’s desire to become an artist was one of the00:05:11
reasons that prompted him create a00:05:14
museum of00:05:15
all times and peoples in Linz, a museum of the Fuhrer,00:05:19
other leaders of the Third Reich worked00:05:22
according to their own program, collected personal00:05:24
collections and did not smoke and among themselves, do not00:05:27
steal his friend, do not bullets, a00:05:31
tasty morsel competed in luxury,00:05:33
Borman competed with Kaltenbrunner and00:05:36
Hitler himself was jealous of Goering’s collection00:05:39
Peter, in a fit of rage, called about the00:05:42
king of these black markets,00:05:43
Goering’s instructions have been preserved, where in the00:05:46
first place is something that fights off00:05:48
before Hitler 2 positions, then he personally Goering00:05:52
when he00:05:53
fled to the west, you will need a whole00:05:55
military train to take his museum out of the00:05:58
estate of Olya’s roots during the00:06:01
Nuremberg process, a large-scale action00:06:03
to plunder national treasures and00:06:06
destroy culture was called a00:06:08
crime against humanity, I00:06:12
will prove that the massive and indiscriminate00:06:15
theft and robbery of private00:06:19
public and state00:06:20
property by the Nazi00:06:23
invaders00:06:24
was not accidental in nature,00:06:27
developing their crazy plans for00:06:31
world domination of the airwaves and conspirators00:06:36
along with the unleashing and implementation00:06:42
predatory wars, they were preparing a campaign against00:06:46
world culture, now00:06:49
well-known okay, monstrous lies and00:06:53
provocations, the Nazis resorted to disguise00:06:56
theirs00:06:59
from the dock, the leaders of the Third00:07:01
Reich tried to convince the international00:07:03
tribunal that the total export of00:07:06
works of art was carried out00:07:08
supposedly only so that the motto pepper00:07:11
was the main idea that00:07:13
broadcast by the Nazis during the period of00:07:16
occupation is00:07:17
still broadcast from the period in heaven to00:07:19
the process, all this was presented as their00:07:21
preservation, however, the Soviet side00:07:24
presented convincing evidence00:07:25
that the Nazis deliberately00:07:28
destroyed Russian culture such is the power00:07:39
in general these cities I saw traces of a00:07:45
monstrous attempt on the wind chemists00:07:50
damage wear flowers00:07:53
therefore00:07:54
[music ]00:08:00
[music]00:08:04
the Nazis intended not just to conquer the00:08:07
Soviet Union,00:08:08
they had to destroy the culture of the people00:08:11
language music00:08:13
painting books tear out roots00:08:16
kill memory trample the soul they00:08:21
meant this powerful role of culture and the00:08:25
dandies they killed people at the same00:08:28
time they killed culture00:08:31
sought to destroy culture this is not00:08:35
just some kind of humanitarian crisis, this is00:08:38
this cultural cleansing, they are simply00:08:40
ethnic and cultural cleansing00:08:44
to destroy the cultural code of the Russian00:08:46
nation, the third Reich used00:08:49
savage means tested by00:08:50
other conquerors to conquer the00:08:53
people, it is necessary to begin by depriving them of their00:08:56
spiritual foundation00:08:58
[music]00:09:02
just during the war on the territory of00:09:04
Russia was damaged, 173 museums through00:09:08
the collection were looted by the occupiers,00:09:12
it was a big problem that we did not have a00:09:14
clear auction, we were unable to00:09:16
evacuate our main valuables, they00:09:18
remained on the territory occupied by00:09:20
the enemy,00:09:27
the Nazis, the public burned down the00:09:29
Pushkin estate in Mikhailovsky, the00:09:31
Tchaikovsky house-museum in Klin, this The same00:09:35
fate awaited Tolstoy's house in a clear00:09:37
clearing; they managed to save it at the very last00:09:40
moment; it must be said that00:09:44
this part of the house suffered the most,00:09:47
these rooms, the dust of his library, the00:09:50
upper waters burned out the door leaf00:09:54
here, some of the floorboards were lost;00:09:57
in fact, this is what00:10:01
this part of the house looked like Tolstoy, when they00:10:05
managed to knock the Germans out of here, and of course we00:10:08
see just traces of absolute00:10:10
destruction, the remains of furniture,00:10:15
the Germans lived in the museum, how they used dishes in their house,00:10:18
slept where they wanted, the00:10:21
legendary leather sofa on which00:10:24
several generations of the00:10:26
Tolstoy family were born00:10:27
was cut with bayonets, you can00:10:30
see in the room there are crappy morocco on the00:10:33
cabinets in the back,00:10:36
labels and stickers on which are written00:10:38
for the needs of the Wehrmacht are still preserved; after all, they00:10:40
intended to export these items to00:10:42
Germany;00:10:45
they simply did not succeed in exporting these items;00:10:48
however, more than 60 items that belonged to the00:10:52
Russian classic still disappeared from00:10:56
the fact that I really feel sorry for00:10:59
Lev Nikolaevich’s saddle, which he loved,00:11:02
used a lot, rode on horseback a lot, watches,00:11:06
some utilitarian things that we00:11:08
needed, not very large in size, not00:11:10
just picked up and although they were taken with them,00:11:13
their fate is still unknown, they are still00:11:16
placed in the register here the displaced00:11:19
valuables are considered lost, the00:11:22
process of returning cultural property00:11:25
began immediately after the war in the American00:11:28
zone of occupation, all art00:11:29
objects found in Hitler's storage facilities were00:11:31
taken to a collection point in00:11:34
Munich, from there, after identification, they were00:11:37
returned to the owners and when the two00:11:40
fronts united, when the allies00:11:42
put an end to this war,00:11:44
some of the points are clear came to us,00:11:47
including archival storage in the mountains,00:11:49
some of it came to the allies in the post-war00:11:52
years, the Soviet Union took out from Germany and00:11:54
those cultural values that00:11:57
never belonged to us as00:11:59
reparations, a fair payment to the country to the00:12:01
winner for the damage caused at that00:12:04
moment was, according to our estimates00:12:06
650 2 million rubles is somewhere00:12:09
in the region of one and a half billion dollars in00:12:10
today’s money and this was included in00:12:14
our material demands00:12:16
by the affected state and, in fact, it00:12:18
was believed that we would not take it as part of00:12:21
reparations and, in general, the topic as00:12:23
such was closed to the topic of restitution00:12:26
returned in the late 50s, when00:12:28
the governments of the USSR and the GDR00:12:30
signed a decision on the mutual return of00:12:34
cultural property in those years, the Soviet00:12:36
Union would return the GDR, as well as Poland and Hungary,00:12:39
more than millions of exported00:12:42
art objects and trimmings from the square, in00:12:45
fact, a huge number of00:12:46
objects, the Pergamon altar in particular,00:12:49
already had we returned to Germany, the00:12:51
Saxon family library returned from00:12:53
Germany, many many many other things, it00:12:55
seemed that the topic of restitution was00:12:58
raised.00:12:59
Well, for 50 years they were not closely interested in00:13:03
lost values, that is,00:13:05
even at the time when I started00:13:08
working there was and still is not a00:13:10
single government body that00:13:12
would coordinate this work and somehow00:13:15
formalize it; however, in the mid-90s,00:13:18
restitutions unexpectedly again became a hot00:13:21
and controversial topic00:13:22
when the 90s began such a00:13:26
process of revising some of the results of the00:13:28
Second World War, during that period00:13:32
there were a lot of publications devoted to our00:13:35
movement of00:13:36
German valuables after the war to00:13:38
compensate for our losses and replace the00:13:40
almost complete oblivion of those losses00:13:43
that the Soviet Union suffered in00:13:45
As a result, the State Duma adopted a00:13:48
special law on displaced00:13:50
cultural property,00:13:51
which introduced an actual ban00:13:54
on the export of any trophy00:13:57
art objects from the country. It is believed that at that00:14:00
time this was the only way to00:14:02
protect museum funds from being squandered.00:14:05
The problem of restitution is like a match;00:14:08
enough missions can be brought to the situation00:14:10
and they will begin. conflictual00:14:12
relations between peoples between who owes whom00:14:14
what, who took whom, even00:14:18
in Germany itself they have a very ambivalent00:14:20
assessment of the claims for the return of00:14:22
exhibits from German museums from Russia, they again00:14:25
find and eat, we must see the00:14:29
historical responsibility of Germany for00:14:31
this war,00:14:32
that all this is a robbery, a seizure of a work of00:14:36
art oh, you were started by Germany itself,00:14:39
in other words, today Germany00:14:42
cannot expect from Russia or from countries00:14:45
that previously belonged to the Soviet00:14:48
Union00:14:49
that they will return works of art00:14:52
that are now in these countries00:14:55
Gendon's00:14:56
film experts are unanimous on00:14:59
controversial issues regarding00:15:02
objects of art moved during the war years it is necessary to00:15:04
solve in a calm business atmosphere,00:15:06
cataloging is undoubtedly necessary and how to00:15:10
follow and know the path of objects and00:15:12
places and my current location00:15:15
is necessary, I hope that the moment will come00:15:17
when this work will be comprehensive and00:15:19
systematically established, the00:15:22
first such catalog of00:15:24
art objects lost during the war, employees of the00:15:27
Ministry of Culture began to create in the00:15:29
late 90s, we combed through, roughly speaking,00:15:33
14 archival repositories in Moscow, combed everything, everything, everything,00:15:37
and we discovered that our00:15:40
own what we have in our00:15:44
archives is a list of00:15:47
some value of some museums00:15:51
and they went under one flu,00:15:53
destroyed, taken out, damaged, which from00:15:57
they were damaged, that they were stolen, that no one00:16:00
knew anything, then spend it on00:16:02
sponsorship money, the first00:16:04
paperback catalog would be released, a new one, but it00:16:07
opened the way before that, there was nothing at all,00:16:10
few people believed that cultural00:16:12
property could be discovered and returned, because the00:16:15
compilers of the catalog did not have any00:16:17
special powers it is necessary first of all things00:16:19
arise on our antique00:16:21
domestic market and there were attempts by00:16:22
the department to contact then the [ __ ]00:16:25
organs of the tigers made a helpless gesture colleagues do not00:16:28
have the right to a criminal case no, that is, this is00:16:31
not theft, the case has not been initiated there is no00:16:34
corpus delicti00:16:35
I put on creating a catalog together with00:16:37
museum workers is another matter to look for00:16:38
them abroad and seek their00:16:39
return, Russia has repeatedly stated at all00:16:43
levels of government that the00:16:45
issue of displaced cultural property00:16:48
will remain on the agenda00:16:50
until the last stolen item00:16:53
takes its former place.00:17:01
nevertheless, a document legally00:17:04
that would define in this regard00:17:06
our attitude to these objects. The00:17:12
ancient Tikhvin appetite monastery was00:17:15
founded by Ivan the Terrible in honor of the00:17:17
Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God00:17:19
written by the Evangelist Luke himself; its00:17:24
appearance in the Novgorod region00:17:26
dates back to 1383. The00:17:30
Tikhvin icon repeatedly remained00:17:32
safe and sound during the most00:17:35
terrible fires, even when the00:17:37
Assumption Cathedral itself burned to the ground,00:17:40
the main thing is that the threat to the Orthodox00:17:43
shrine arose already in the twentieth century00:17:45
after the revolution, here we see00:17:49
what the Bolsheviks did with icons, this is the00:17:53
icon of St. Paraskeva Friday and you00:17:56
see that it is all dotted with a Bolshevik bayonet,00:18:04
destroy the tag itself The00:18:06
Bolsheviks did not risk the Finnish icon of the Mother of God or simply did00:18:10
not have time in the fall of '41. Tikhvin00:18:15
became the site of fierce battles. The Germans00:18:19
rushed further east at the beginning of winter. On December 8,00:18:23
they entered the territory of the monastery. The Germans00:18:26
stayed here for only one month, but00:18:29
of course they were well aware of00:18:31
those values. which were located on the00:18:33
territory of the monastery and here we00:18:37
see a list from the archives of Rosam Berg00:18:40
and the first in this list is das bild00:18:43
der gott mutter von Tikhvin Tikhvin00:18:45
icon of the Mother of God in00:18:47
total in this list 64 items the00:18:54
Tikhvin icon was transported to the00:18:56
deep German rear00:18:57
but not in Germany in Pskov they did not accept00:19:02
significant seconds for Russia of the significance of00:19:06
decorations for Orthodox people,00:19:10
they presented themselves as parents,00:19:13
champions of the Russian Orthodox Church,00:19:15
let's top it off with 5 grams,00:19:18
however, I saw documents that we gave the00:19:21
Russian church so much that they, as it were, were00:19:23
not actively resisting ours, there00:19:26
is also no word for word00:19:27
quote, Archpriest Nikolai Lomakin,00:19:29
summoned to the Nuremberg trials00:19:31
as a witness, told how the00:19:34
occupiers actually treated00:19:36
Orthodox churches00:19:45
. the German troops00:19:49
have straightened out, you will walk through, they doubt the blood00:20:12
from the quality of the people, all of humanity00:20:30
[music]00:20:39
[music]00:20:40
in the spring of 1944, when it becomes obvious00:20:44
that the Red Army will soon find themselves in00:20:46
Pskov,00:20:47
the Germans take the Tikhvin icon even further,00:20:50
suddenly the model was in the region for six months and ate the00:20:55
Orthodox,00:20:56
the Germans walked with a puncture, in principle, they forgot00:21:00
further the fate of the icon is connected with the name of00:21:02
Archbishop John in the world I am not a sagar00:21:05
class00:21:06
born into a Latvian peasant00:21:08
family, in his youth he decided to devote00:21:11
his life to serving God in about 194400:21:15
he headed the Riga episcopate, Bishop00:21:19
John understood that with the advent of Soviet00:21:21
power00:21:22
he would most likely be accused of00:21:24
collaborating with fascists occupiers,00:21:26
therefore, on the eve of the entry of the Red00:21:28
Army into Latvia, having quietly taken the Minsk icon,00:21:31
he, along with his adopted son Sergei,00:21:34
evacuated and on Wednesday00:21:36
rubles and bombed this ship,00:21:39
but not a single air bomb hit, but00:21:42
when they arrived in Danzig and the goddesses there were already00:21:45
American bombers and ladies,00:21:52
but the icon became here this once again convinced00:21:57
those who took it that it was not just and q over the00:22:03
next six years the Tikhvin shrine00:22:06
traveled throughout Europe more than the Czech Republic00:22:09
American occupation zone of Germany00:22:13
the Russian Orthodox Church and sent00:22:16
a delegation to Germany, however, at the last00:22:18
moment the Americans banned entry into their00:22:21
occupation zone00:22:22
because they began Already in the process of the00:22:25
Cold War, the allies, from a different00:22:27
perception of our relationship between our00:22:29
state and the church, in this case they00:22:31
assisted in ensuring that these persons00:22:34
went overseas in 1950, the icon, using00:22:38
false accompanying documents,00:22:40
was transported to the United States in00:22:43
Chicago, where it was kept in sacred - Trinity Cathedral is00:22:46
still more than 50 years old and we began to establish00:22:50
correspondence with the mountain classes, then I said I took a00:22:53
vow of silence regarding this icon, I do00:22:57
n’t want to have relations with the secular authorities, the00:23:01
hopes of believers for the return of the00:23:04
Orthodox shrine began to take on00:23:06
real features only in the mid-90s00:23:09
when in the Tikhvin monastery, the00:23:11
monastery brothers reappeared and then the00:23:14
Assumption Cathedral was installed and consecrated,00:23:17
and only on July 8, 2004, the icon00:23:22
finally found its long-awaited peace within the00:23:25
native walls of the Assumption Cathedral of the00:23:27
Tikhvin Monastery.00:23:36
protection of icons00:23:41
[music]00:23:45
history and the happy return of00:23:47
cultural property by free will00:23:49
can be counted on one hand, more00:23:51
often this process is more of a00:23:55
voluntary-compulsory nature,00:23:57
as happened with home00:23:59
photographs of the royal family having a tea party in their00:24:03
own garden00:24:04
where right between the statues there is a00:24:07
car in which the family arrived00:24:09
novel, the Grand Duchess on a kayak, a00:24:12
picnic in front of the Gatchina Palace,00:24:15
these are amateur photographs that they00:24:18
took themselves, so here they are fooling around,00:24:20
here they are depicted during breakfast,00:24:23
for example, in one of the photographs they are eating00:24:25
fish, and Grand Duchess Olga,00:24:28
for example, is depicted with bare feet, which of00:24:30
course could not be what00:24:32
official photographs do all these00:24:34
photographs represent that00:24:36
their life about which they would just like to00:24:38
know more, but they have little idea00:24:41
that Hoffman was an ordinary soldier of the00:24:43
Wehrmacht before the war he was fond of painting and00:24:46
found himself in Gatchina could not deny00:24:49
himself the pleasure of walking around the00:24:51
imperial palace00:24:53
on the table he I saw so many photographs00:24:56
that he took with him as a souvenir, it is00:24:58
curious that in 1945 he was00:25:01
arrested, he was not in00:25:04
Soviet captivity for some time and when he00:25:06
was released these photographs00:25:09
because they were considered photographs of his00:25:12
family when Hoffman died his widow00:25:15
decided to improve her financial00:25:16
situation and lot out of 33 royal photographs00:25:21
was put up for auction in Geneva,00:25:23
however, the photographs accidentally caught the00:25:26
eye of representatives of our consulate, an00:25:28
official protest was declared and this00:25:32
lot was removed from the auction and00:25:35
negotiations began with the wife of Hoffman00:25:38
and she expressed a desire to transfer them to the00:25:40
Gatchina Palace,00:25:41
so for now this is00:25:43
the only genuine photographs from00:25:45
our historical collection, sometimes00:25:48
it is possible to return and those works of00:25:50
art whose existence00:25:52
even museum experts doubted;00:25:56
modest Tver local history museums are not00:25:59
besieged by crowds of tourists;00:26:01
meanwhile, its collections contain00:26:03
exhibits that are not just unique, but00:26:05
truly priceless00:26:08
in time; the most ancient type is chrysolite, let’s00:26:10
say so 8 7 3 before the new stone I00:26:14
drischka00:26:15
or as it was called nucleus that is, we00:26:17
can clearly say that this is our00:26:19
evening thing here in the funds and00:26:23
unique items of church utensils that00:26:25
survived thanks to the museum cheeks in the00:26:27
thirties at the very height of the00:26:30
anti-religious struggle outside the fierce00:26:36
battles for city, the line of defense passed00:26:38
very close by, the museum building was destroyed and00:26:41
almost nothing could be saved, the muse suffered00:26:45
on behalf of the founder, we lost 9800:26:48
percent of our collection several years00:26:52
ago, for Tver museum workers it was a00:26:55
real shock to hear that the00:26:57
collection, which was considered lost, is intact,00:27:00
moreover, and ready to return00:27:03
voluntarily, without any conditions,00:27:05
more than 500 artifacts, well, believe me, that is,00:27:09
look at the justice of the Supreme Court and00:27:11
of course00:27:12
we are grateful to these people who are in the00:27:14
center for minutes, as it turned out, throughout the post-war00:27:17
years, exhibits from Tver were in00:27:19
Germany in the family of descendants of a German00:27:22
officer who fought on the eastern front and00:27:24
died there,00:27:26
the name of this the German officer is known,00:27:28
however, the family who returned the collection to00:27:31
Russia asks him not to name the children of00:27:34
former Wehrmacht soldiers, after all,00:27:38
the feeling of guilt still persists and00:27:39
it is impossible for this name to hesitate and not00:27:42
sound in this context as in general,00:27:45
rudder stva there is a robbery of the00:27:47
Russian museum of education, a medic00:27:51
in Hitler's army, he served as a doctor, he00:27:53
sent parcels home to Germany in00:27:56
medicine boxes, carefully00:27:58
wrapping some things stolen in German newspapers,00:28:01
dated in the fall of 1941, some00:28:05
things, very small crosses, he packed00:28:08
in the slots of cardboards and attached them to00:28:11
medical plasters,00:28:13
here are some of the classic objects of archeology00:28:15
in fact,00:28:18
the axes and adze stolen by the German doctor,00:28:22
well, I would call the most valuable such items in00:28:26
this collection on figures a00:28:28
spear tip a very rare thing to00:28:32
ordinary soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht who00:28:35
fought on the front line received pitiful00:28:38
crumbs fixed assets the richest collections00:28:41
were purposefully taken out special00:28:44
underground bunkers storage facility00:28:46
supervised the process the operational headquarters of00:28:50
Rosenberg, called the military00:28:52
civil administration, is not from the test for the00:28:54
eastern occupied territories under the00:28:56
leadership of Rosenberg,00:28:57
which has its own operational groups and00:29:00
Sonderkommandos and they organize00:29:03
collection points to 1 where everything that is00:29:05
subject to paintings and icons and museum00:29:07
objects is brought together Rosenberg was00:29:12
Hitler's closest comrade-in-arms worth 3 year he wrote a00:29:15
big book about the ideology of fascism and there00:29:19
Russia has an insane role destined for all these are00:29:24
subhumans they need to be solved cultures00:29:26
it was his idea00:29:33
we can clearly say that00:29:36
this is the work of a gump with here very00:29:39
characteristic features for this master00:29:43
this is a wonderful and not at all small00:29:45
object furniture was long considered00:29:47
wasted during the war years of00:29:53
1944, museum workers00:29:55
with tears in their eyes immediately after the00:29:57
liberation of Gatchina discovered a burning00:30:01
palace, broken pieces of furniture,00:30:04
torn out fireplaces, it was all terrible00:30:07
and the bureau was found 60 years after the war00:30:14
in the Estonian outback in an abandoned barn of00:30:17
one of the farms The bureau was seen by a00:30:19
Mary Smith collector, it stank in such a00:30:22
state, all the breading had peeled off, the legs00:30:26
were broken and the shelves were broken, there00:30:28
was not a single bronze lining00:30:32
during the restoration, the00:30:34
stamp of the Gatchina Museum-Reserve was discovered,00:30:36
there was a method, he turned to the Russian00:30:38
authorities with an offer to buy masterpieces of00:30:41
gams for 100 thousand dollars00:30:44
the ministry was interested in this,00:30:46
found a wonderful price, press me to00:30:49
Masha who, after our00:30:53
confirmation,00:30:54
we will buy this item in the process of00:30:57
returning the bureau,00:30:59
two high-ranking00:31:00
employees of the Ministry of Culture,00:31:03
Anatoly Vilkov00:31:04
and Viktor Petrakov, on which it was, took an active part, who00:31:07
played an important role in this,00:31:09
who traveled and traded the item shaft00:31:12
more expensive than was actually paid, so00:31:16
they persuaded him and explained that this was00:31:19
stolen. Requests and persuasion do not always00:31:23
work on the current owners of00:31:24
valuables stolen during the war.00:31:27
Much more often, paintings and sculptures00:31:29
are returned after many years of legal00:31:32
proceedings and clarification of relations at the00:31:35
interstate level among the00:31:40
author’s drawings on in the margins of the manuscripts of Eugene00:31:42
Onegin, the patron of merchants and00:31:44
travelers, Mercury, why Pushkin00:31:48
painted Mercury is unknown, but where00:31:50
he saw the sculpture itself is known in the00:31:53
cart where it was located for a century and a half00:31:56
from the War of 1812 to the Great00:32:00
Patriotic War, and they buried our crime00:32:04
when they returned, it was00:32:08
confiscated00:32:09
where it was disappeared where no00:32:12
evidence was taken away there was no evidence to find the famous00:32:16
sculpture helped by the case of00:32:17
mercury appeared in the late seventies00:32:20
at the exhibition of the Florentine master00:32:22
Jumbo Lanier, which opened in the00:32:24
art museum of Vienna, an employee of the00:32:28
Western European department of the Hermitage00:32:31
Androsov noticed and the inscription in00:32:35
Russian on the pedestal sculpture flying00:32:37
mercury the inscription read at the00:32:40
imperial academy arts in wax00:32:42
from formed by professor Fedor Gordeev00:32:45
cast by a master in glass finished00:32:49
and minted by Vasily Mazalov in 178300:32:53
that is, the name of the Russian sculptors he00:32:56
turned to the builders of the exhibition can00:33:00
you explain, no, this structure00:33:03
appeared from the mountain then Graz00:33:06
privately we don’t know it you it It’s not even in the catalogue,00:33:09
but he drowned himself for this. At first, the00:33:12
staff of the Pavlovsk Museum, they were00:33:14
absolutely sure that these were their00:33:17
exhibits, because a copy of the famous00:33:19
sculptures of Jumbo Lanier00:33:21
was created over several centuries; besides, this is the case and00:33:24
they insisted that this mercury is not of Russian00:33:27
origin;00:33:28
it is from a Syrian castle in the city Graz00:33:32
contacted the Austrian Embassy in Moscow they were00:33:36
silent for a year then they noted so it00:33:39
seems like your efforts were in vain, they will find out that00:33:45
it stood in the estate, which is confirmed by the00:33:47
janitor, which means that he looked after this00:33:50
sculpture before the war, however, the00:33:53
staff of the Pavlovsk Museum and the00:33:55
specialists of Roskhrankultura were00:33:56
not going to give up drinking also a00:33:59
patriot to raise everything documents of beginners00:34:01
healthy sleepy such inscriptions where what kind of00:34:04
restoration work was done,00:34:06
meticulous work helped us find00:34:08
in our archive the restoration act of00:34:13
1936, it is precisely there that it is indicated that the L-shaped00:34:15
embossing of the left knee should be00:34:19
examined by this sculpture with a special00:34:22
X-ray machine and which has already been00:34:25
confirmed in a centimeter centimeter this is the00:34:29
restoration work when the00:34:33
Austrian side had a stock of arguments,00:34:35
they were forced to admit that this00:34:37
sculpture was indeed stolen by00:34:39
the Nazis and in 2005 the flying mercury00:34:45
again ended up in Pavlovsk in the very00:34:47
place where it was once video guns00:34:53
during the war in many domestic00:34:55
museums they lost not just individual00:34:57
exhibits, references from collections, and we will take00:34:59
a blow to one of the most tragic00:35:01
losses; this is our temporary exhibition, the00:35:03
main stage of Russian painting of00:35:04
the State Russian Museum, which00:35:06
was collected with taste with an understanding of the00:35:09
quality of the objects; well, of course, it was there that00:35:13
were brilliant, there were liars and00:35:16
Makovsky Ilisky right bones and sculpts00:35:20
at the beginning of the war the traveling exhibition of the00:35:22
Russian museum ended up in the Crimea00:35:24
Vorontsov Palace Alupka they00:35:27
tried to save part of the collection to00:35:29
evacuate through a crack the Armenia motor ship00:35:32
that was supposed to carry this00:35:34
exhibition from Yalta it was sunk out of00:35:39
service for us of course they had not yet had time to00:35:41
load anything there the paintings of Russian00:35:44
artists ended up in the hands of the invaders;00:35:46
for them, a real fight began00:35:49
between competing Nazi00:35:51
organizations and the pope, but it is very likely that among00:35:54
these special services there was not only the headquarters of risen00:35:57
berko, but also from this energy, this is the heritage of the00:36:03
ancestors;00:36:11
approximately 60 paintings fell apart and were found00:36:14
immediately after the war in a Munich collection00:36:17
point00:36:18
instead of being returned to the00:36:22
Soviet Union00:36:23
because on the backs of these paintings00:36:26
there were marks and markings of00:36:28
the state Russian museum and there00:36:31
were even marks from the operational headquarters of the roses,00:36:34
truly certifying that these00:36:37
paintings were also taken out from the Alupka00:36:39
Palace, but these paintings were not transferred to00:36:43
Soviet representatives but were00:36:45
sent to Austria, a00:36:47
Chernyshev painting, a boy carpenter from a00:36:50
traveling exhibition of the Russian museum00:36:52
after the war, it ended up in the American00:36:54
occupation zone in Munich,00:36:55
but it was not identified,00:36:58
the boy was not discovered in the first00:37:01
post-war years and was only discovered in00:37:05
ninety-six, at one of the00:37:06
Minsk auctions, the Russian Museum did00:37:11
not recognize it at that moment;00:37:12
it was sold; it looks like the painting went00:37:16
somewhere overseas; subsequently, they00:37:18
tried to negotiate with the buyer of the painting,00:37:20
but he first asked for00:37:23
utter money for it and then completely00:37:25
refused communication, what is the tragedy,00:37:29
this is the boy’s, you drew00:37:31
another artist from the Veneziano school, that is,00:37:32
they didn’t draw the boy’s strength, and not on the right,00:37:34
the other on the left, his00:37:36
brother is located in the Tretyakov gallery,00:37:38
and of course it would be very cool to unite them after00:37:41
so many years, because00:37:42
this a rare format00:37:44
that has survived to this day, but we will00:37:47
look for it, it’s called I have no doubt00:37:48
that he taught it will be found otherwise, the00:37:51
fate of the portrait of the artist Basin by00:37:54
Orest Kiprensky, it was bought at auction by the00:37:57
American millionaire Ronald Lauder, the00:38:00
son of the owner of a fashion house with the00:38:03
laughter, having learned about the origin of the painting,00:38:06
Ronald Lauder returned it free of charge in her00:38:08
Russian museum, I will often00:38:12
thank those foreign friends of ours00:38:15
who returned the items to a00:38:18
total blow, for example, right there,00:38:19
this was their inner00:38:22
desire and their willingness to meet halfway; the00:38:25
same example for all successful people00:38:30
who value art and value00:38:33
justice to this day Since then,00:38:36
several works have been left abroad,00:38:37
will they be somehow returned, will00:38:40
the owners part with them? I’ll understand00:38:43
when they understand that the works00:38:45
were stolen and taken from their rightful owners.00:38:59
portrait of peasants they contacted colleagues00:39:02
from the library of foreign literature00:39:04
Karina Dmitrieva, who was just00:39:06
going to Brno on her official00:39:08
business,00:39:09
to say that I was shocked, nothing to say,00:39:12
because the painting, which00:39:15
is considered lost during the war, turns00:39:17
out to have lived its own life, lived in the00:39:21
Czech Republic in good conditions,00:39:24
found with The museum, having learned that this work by00:39:27
Kramskoy was from the collection of the Russian museum, the00:39:29
leadership of the Czech Republic expressed its00:39:32
readiness to return the painting, and during00:39:34
President Putin’s visit to Prague, an00:39:36
official ceremony was held to hand over the00:39:38
painting to the head of state,00:39:42
making decisions about the possibility of returning00:39:45
some very significant cultural or00:39:48
sacred artifacts to that country and from00:39:52
to which they were taken out by the00:39:58
author landscapes of mountains and Vilchuk and in the00:40:00
evening light in mid-September00:40:02
Alexander Borisov was called the first00:40:05
painter of the Arctic, then lifeless places00:40:09
before visited the polar night polar day subzero00:40:12
temperature and nothing of art00:40:15
people his sketches brought from an00:40:17
expedition to the far north caused a00:40:19
real boom in 1908 Alexander Borisov00:40:23
was the first Russian artist to be received by the00:40:26
President of the United States, whom00:40:28
Roosevelt, the founder of the art00:40:32
gallery, Pavel Tretyakov,00:40:33
paid a lot of money for00:40:36
Borisov’s paintings, namely Tretyakov, they could practically00:40:40
only be painted, he00:40:42
immediately bought them, he didn’t often have such a thing here, here00:40:45
he is, this is a wall in the pre-war years, the painting of00:40:48
Mount Vilchek was transferred from the00:40:51
Tretyakov collection to the Soviet trade mission in00:40:53
Berlin for interior decoration, and in00:40:56
1948 the Arts Committee00:40:59
simply wrote it off from the inventory as someone who00:41:02
died during the war, especially since the thing was in00:41:05
Berlin, Berlin, you know how they00:41:08
bombed and00:41:09
admit that it will turn out to be alive, in general,00:41:12
almost no one could, it is still unknown00:41:15
where the painting was during and after00:41:17
the war and how it got on the Russian00:41:20
antique market,00:41:21
perhaps some Soviet soldier found00:41:24
the canvas in the ruins of Berlin and brought00:41:27
it home, he was delighted to see the release of the00:41:30
north in May 45th year and it00:41:33
turned out to be on its own in Christ Turkey00:41:36
such a find on00:41:38
in 2006 the collector and philanthropist00:41:41
Konstantin George Omsky bought the famous00:41:43
polar landscape and donated it to the00:41:45
Tretyakov gallery and the government telegrams of00:41:49
gratitude to the baht for the return broadcasts,00:41:52
of course, really pleasant this is a00:41:54
very important component that well, I’m00:41:58
sitting here feeling that I’ve done the00:42:00
right thing by Tarkov, in00:42:04
fact,00:42:07
while Russian specialists00:42:08
were restoring the interior of the amber00:42:10
room, a00:42:13
fragment of an authentic Florentine mosaic of00:42:15
touch and smell appeared on the antique market, stolen during00:42:19
transportation to German officers by Wilhelm00:42:21
Act Arman, this is just a detective00:42:26
story even a little crazy I come00:42:32
from Bremen and the man who owned00:42:35
the mosaics lived three hundred meters from me and the00:42:41
son of a German soldier00:42:43
who inherited the mosaic00:42:46
in the mid-90s00:42:49
tried to sell it on the black market with the00:42:52
help of a lawyer they asked for two and a00:42:59
half million dollars after00:43:01
appeals from Roskhrankultura employees, the Alterman00:43:04
police were forced to intervene in the case00:43:06
3700:43:08
in Berman, of course he pretends that he00:43:10
knows nothing and in the amber room he simply00:43:13
says that he decided to sell this00:43:15
fragment because now there is interest in00:43:18
this interview for these missing00:43:21
disappeared valuables, I decided to00:43:23
make money00:43:25
after After several years of legal00:43:26
proceedings, the mosaic was returned to00:43:29
Russia; today it is stored in a specially00:43:32
guarded safe room with a special00:43:35
microclimate, along with other00:43:37
items from that historical00:43:39
amber cabinet;00:43:40
caskets and small figurines were00:43:43
evacuated even before the arrival of the Germans, and00:43:46
even now, more than seventy00:43:49
years after the war, there are the hope that00:43:52
other authentic00:43:54
exhibits from the amber room may appear here,00:43:56
paradoxically, this hope is connected00:43:59
with the pedantry and scrupulousness of the00:44:01
Nazi robbers, this removal00:44:06
was prepared very carefully and was carried out by00:44:11
very high-level specialists,00:44:14
I am sure that every item00:44:16
was photographed and that this photo archive00:44:19
along with the lists somewhere exists and I00:44:22
even admit the idea that there is, beyond any00:44:26
doubt, a room that has been preserved, it00:44:29
exists and in it, there in00:44:32
one of the boxes lies all the00:44:35
photographic records00:44:36
and inventories of those things that they took from00:44:40
Catherine’s palace00:44:43
[music]00:44:47
no matter what they return00:44:50
thanks to the professionals, we are just00:44:52
kind people from museum funds and from00:44:55
private collections,00:44:57
no matter that it has already passed so many00:45:00
years, they are dear to us and it is also our00:45:02
priority to return such items00:45:05
to their permanent legal place of storage,00:45:08
losses must be made up for our00:45:10
item if it has disappeared, it is God’s own00:45:12
rightful place00:45:19
[music]00:45:27
[music]00:45:40
[music]Description:
https://www.youtube.com/starmedia Лучшие русские и зарубежные фильмы, сериалы всех жанров. https://www.youtube.com/user/starmedia/playlists?shelf_id=43&view=50&sort=dd Здесь только хорошее кино: мелодрамы, драмы, детективы, комедии, ужасы, документальные фильмы в хорошем качестве! Все серии: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhuA9d7RIOdZksubd1QRaVOco53VeGKcP В годы Второй мировой войны нашей культуре был нанесён колоссальный урон, разграблены и уничтожены сотни музеев. Фильм рассказывает о том, как судьба десятков тысяч картин, скульптур, подлинных шедевров искусства стала настоящим детективом, разгадать который порой помогает случай, счастливое стечение обстоятельств, но чаще всё же планомерная и кропотливая работа людей неравнодушных, настоящих энтузиастов, добивающихся возврата в Россию похищенных нацистами сокровищ. Онлайн-кинотеатр StarMedia на YouTube https://www.youtube.com/starmedia Смотреть онлайн фильмы и сериалы бесплатно в хорошем качестве. Star Media в социальных сетях: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser https://vk.com/starmediafilm https://ok.ru/starmedia https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html StarmediafilmRu https://twitter.com/StarMedia_2006 https://www.linkedin.com/company/%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-star-media- #StarMedia
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