Download "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука"
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi%252F0n1giCVcfUs%252Fmaxresdefault.jpg&w=1139&q=75)
Please wait. We're preparing links for easy ad-free video watching and downloading.
Table of contents
Similar videos from our catalog
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi%252F4bAyB_U75MA%252Fmaxresdefault.jpg&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FGJ6xg97R_Ig%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FLWPMEzb8q8E%252Fhqdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FMSDcH9kmllE%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FNger3sQ6RuY%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FPt-G4plk6QE%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252F_eBRvAG3-OA%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FkTjNCb9_Oo8%252Fsddefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252Fos8YCqNePFA%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
[music]00:00:04
they appeared on Earth long before00:00:07
plants, animals and people they will remain00:00:10
here after we disappear as a species00:00:12
they are tiny and gigantic useful and00:00:15
deadly they create music and00:00:17
inspire artists their diversity is00:00:20
amazing and frightening yet we know about00:00:23
them Amazingly little how mushrooms00:00:25
have taken over the planet and how people can get along with00:00:27
them00:00:29
[music]00:00:37
My name is Ilya Kabanov, I am a science00:00:40
journalist and I have always been fascinated by00:00:42
mushrooms. Today I will understand their00:00:44
amazing history and complex00:00:45
relationships with people from the invention of00:00:47
alcohol and antibiotics to the fight against00:00:49
climate change and the construction of00:00:51
Martian colonies00:00:53
[music] there are a00:01:02
lot of mushrooms, a lot of them and they are00:01:05
completely different. Scientists have calculated that00:01:07
in terms of biomass, mushrooms occupy third place00:01:10
in the world, second only to plants and00:01:12
bacteria; there are almost 5 times more of them than00:01:14
animals, and people are completely lost against their background.00:01:16
Experts have already identified 14800:01:19
thousand species of mushrooms. their total number00:01:22
can be millions different types of00:01:25
mushrooms are completely different from each00:01:27
other this is a mushroom and this is a mushroom This is also a Mushroom00:01:30
these are all mushrooms in childhood My grandmother told00:01:33
me that I need to eat well if I want to00:01:35
grow up I don’t know what my grandmothers said00:01:37
to mushrooms but some of them grew very00:01:41
Large scientists have discovered a00:01:42
colony of00:01:44
black honey fungus in the American state of Oregon, which occupies an area of00:01:46
almost 10 m². this is 20 times the area of the00:01:50
Vatican, this is not only the largest00:01:53
living mechanism in the world, but also one of the00:01:55
oldest. It is more than 8 thousand years old, that is,00:01:58
this honey fungus caught the last Mammoths. Of00:02:00
course, we are not talking about just one fungus on a00:02:03
vegan leg, this is an ancient creature,00:02:05
mycelium or mycelium, vegetative body00:02:09
mushrooms from which the familiar00:02:11
honey mushrooms grow. And scientists have also counted00:02:14
more than 17 thousand sexes in some types of mushrooms.00:02:17
This increases the chances of mating00:02:19
mushrooms that grow next to each00:02:21
other and of course prevents inbreeding,00:02:24
that is, crossing closely related00:02:26
organisms within the same population.00:02:28
to increase00:02:30
genetic diversity Well, if00:02:33
these impressive numbers have not made you00:02:35
respect mushrooms, then here is00:02:37
another amazing fact, as00:02:39
mythologists say, mushrooms play a00:02:41
decisive role in most earthly00:02:43
ecosystems, they provide the plant with00:02:45
mineral nutrients and00:02:47
process their remains, as well as the00:02:49
remains of animals. They too do not disdain00:02:52
all dead organic matter, it will00:02:54
later become a victim of rowing00:02:55
resighting, the cycle of nature in00:02:57
action, but Wait, what are00:03:00
mushrooms anyway? How to distinguish them from other00:03:02
representatives of the living world, if you are00:03:04
concerned about these questions, then you are not alone. For00:03:06
several centuries, scientists have also tried to00:03:09
answer them. A brief summary of the00:03:10
previous series At first, naturalists00:03:13
considered mushrooms to be plants logically. They00:03:15
literally grow from the ground. Although00:03:18
mushrooms do not necessarily feel good from the ground00:03:19
and on other surfaces,00:03:21
even Carl Linnel, the creator of a unified00:03:23
system of classification of flora and00:03:25
fauna, classified mushrooms as plants.00:03:28
And it was difficult to argue with his authority,00:03:30
however, even this The classic at first00:03:33
doubted and proposed placing mushrooms in the00:03:36
animal kingdom;00:03:37
he made the final decision only after the00:03:40
spores of mushroom seeds were discovered; only00:03:43
a few modern Cylanes proposed to00:03:44
separate mushrooms into a separate intermediate00:03:47
kingdom; mushrooms became quite00:03:50
recently only in the seventies; by this00:03:52
time, molecular biology had already appeared00:03:55
which allowed us to study00:03:57
mushrooms in more detail and put an00:04:00
end to this controversial issue, but00:04:02
how can you still identify a mushroom in front of you00:04:05
or some tricky cactus?00:04:07
Write down you need to pay attention to00:04:10
several striking distinctive features,00:04:13
unlike plants, mushrooms have no00:04:15
chlorophyll, they are not capable create00:04:17
organic substances under the influence of00:04:19
sunlight can only feed on00:04:21
Alien organics, unlike animals,00:04:24
fungal cells have a cell wall, their00:04:27
base includes chitin, the substance that00:04:30
makes up the external skeleton of crabs or beetles,00:04:32
the most striking feature of mushrooms is the structure of their00:04:36
body, which is called mycelium or00:04:38
mycelium, it consists of thin00:04:41
branching threads of hyphae OK Now we00:04:44
know exactly what mushrooms are; they are not00:04:46
plants, not animals, or even crabs, but in00:04:49
some ways they are similar to all of them; it remains to00:04:52
understand how they filled the entire earth. Apparently, the00:04:54
first terrestrial mushrooms00:04:56
appeared no later than a billion years00:04:58
ago00:04:59
venerable age Let's just say, by the way,00:05:02
the old people are well preserved. But it seems00:05:05
that this is not a record. A few years ago,00:05:08
an article was published whose authors estimated fossils00:05:10
resembling mushrooms to be two and a00:05:13
half billion years old. From time to time,00:05:15
scientists find ancient mushrooms in the most00:05:18
unexpected places, for example, on a shelf in a00:05:21
Belgian museum where It turns out that all00:05:22
this time mushroom fossils,00:05:24
approximately 800 million years old, were stored,00:05:26
look carefully on the shelves in00:05:28
the refrigerator. Perhaps there will be00:05:30
some mushrooms there too. Even if they are so ancient,00:05:33
they say that before the grass was greener and the00:05:36
trees are taller, I don’t know about the grass and00:05:39
trees. But here are some mushrooms in the distant00:05:41
past they really were giants. The00:05:46
fact is that 400 million years ago00:05:50
prototaxites could be found on earth; these are cones up to00:05:53
9 meters high and more than meters in diameter. According to00:05:56
one hypothesis, these are giant mushrooms; according to00:05:59
another, lichens, that is, symbiotic00:06:01
associations of algae and fungi in in any00:06:04
case, they looked simply impressive,00:06:07
probably the mushrooms familiar to all of us with a00:06:10
cap and stem, similar to those that we00:06:12
collect in the forests today, appeared 12000:06:15
million years ago, in any case, the evolution of the00:06:18
shape of their fruiting bodies stopped in the00:06:20
Cretaceous period, scientists suggest that00:06:23
at this time mushrooms and eaters their00:06:25
insects just established a00:06:26
mutually beneficial relationship and since then they00:06:29
have not changed much00:06:30
[music]00:06:37
about 30 million years ago, termites00:06:39
domesticated mushrooms, mushrooms are not only included00:06:42
in the diet of termites but help them00:06:44
cook, they process00:06:46
wood and other00:06:48
plant remains for their owners, by the way, mushrooms are termite processes in00:06:51
India, they are considered a delicacy among them, and00:06:54
Termitamyciss titanicus is the largest00:06:56
edible mushroom. To tell about julienne00:06:59
or creamy champignon soup, you don’t00:07:01
have to grow mushrooms on00:07:03
the windowsill, you can just order00:07:05
delicious food in May Food and don’t waste time00:07:07
on endless shopping trips,00:07:09
cooking and washing dishes for you you don’t even00:07:12
have to think about what to tell or00:07:14
dine on; there are ready-made and00:07:17
varied menus for the month ahead; there are00:07:21
three lines to choose from; classic home00:07:23
cooking; dishes from around the world; and a diet00:07:27
menu with calorie counting; good news00:07:30
for lovers of variety; a00:07:37
few days in a month; it’s much faster and00:07:39
easier than cooking yourself00:07:40
Try myfood ready-made food at the link00:07:43
in the description using the promotional code science00:07:47
10 dishes from the Classic line are available for two days with a00:07:49
discount on the first order00:07:54
before we complete our journey00:07:56
through the history of mushrooms Let's just00:07:58
admit that they are much cooler than00:08:00
dinosaurs, at least they are like and00:08:03
sharks, the hero of our other issue,00:08:05
avoided the mass extinction that killed00:08:07
all the dinosaurs except the ancestors of00:08:10
modern birds about 66 million00:08:12
years ago, immediately after the fall of that00:08:14
same asteroid to the earth, the number of00:08:17
mushrooms increased sharply, like a hand, or00:08:20
rather a leg, it was the mass00:08:22
death of plants and animals in the biosphere of the00:08:24
earth that played a role at that time it resembled a giant00:08:26
compost pit in which mushrooms multiplied and00:08:29
multiplied; what is bad for dinosaurs is it bad for00:08:31
mushrooms00:08:35
[music]00:08:38
[applause]00:08:39
[music]00:08:43
mushrooms surprise not only with their00:08:45
longevity, endurance and00:08:47
size; literally everything in mushrooms00:08:49
looks alien to us; perhaps the00:08:52
most important question to which00:08:53
any mycologist has to answer.00:08:55
Can mushrooms move? It is00:08:58
very difficult to answer this question unambiguously. On the00:09:01
one hand, mushrooms do not have legs and to00:09:03
move from point A to point B, they00:09:06
usually need the help of a mushroom picker. On the other00:09:08
hand, if the action takes place in a00:09:10
horror film, mushrooms may well00:09:12
move and even hunt people00:09:15
[music]00:09:17
however, Although what is happening around us sometimes00:09:20
resembles a horror movie, you and I do not live00:09:23
inside a movie. In our reality,00:09:25
mushrooms, of course, do not move on00:09:27
their own. But they are capable of spreading offspring00:09:29
over vast distances. Every year, mushrooms00:09:32
produce 50 million tons of00:09:35
airborne These spores are enough to00:09:37
cover every square millimeter of00:09:39
the earth's surface. Thousands of spores, these spores00:09:42
fly through the air, concentrate moisture on themselves00:09:45
and cause rain. So Mushroom00:09:47
rain. This is not something that generates mushrooms, but on00:09:50
the contrary, the ability of00:09:53
mushrooms to control the weather is not00:09:54
exhausted; they also cause00:09:56
a small wind to00:09:58
spread spores more efficiently when it’s time00:10:00
to reproduce, mushrooms release water vapor,00:10:03
cooling the air around them,00:10:05
air currents create a lifting force that00:10:07
carries spores in all directions, and00:10:10
dung fungus spores generally fly faster than00:10:11
bullets and any living organisms on our00:10:14
planet, this daring mushroom has a00:10:16
bag with spores that he can00:10:18
shoot, the speed of a bag of spores00:10:21
reaches 25 meters per second and the00:10:23
acceleration is more than one and a half million meters00:10:26
per second squared. Useful advice for00:10:28
cowboys never engage in a00:10:30
shootout with a dung mushroom the00:10:32
fastest shooter in the wild west00:10:38
[music]00:10:44
after such amazing facts it’s unlikely Is there anything00:10:46
else that can surprise you with something, but I00:10:49
’ll try? Scientists recently found out that00:10:51
mushrooms have their own electrical00:10:53
language, which is much more complex than00:10:56
previously thought, it turns out that mushrooms can00:10:57
use a kind of words from00:10:59
which they form a sentence for00:11:01
communication with neighbors. Of course, mushrooms do not have a00:11:03
nervous system. But they do. they do not have targets00:11:05
specifically for it They transmit00:11:07
electrical impulses through a thread-like00:11:09
formation hyphae yes, mushrooms, like people,00:11:12
also communicate with gifs using00:11:15
tiny electrodes the author of the study00:11:17
recorded electrical impulses00:11:19
transmitted through the mycelium of mushrooms, he00:11:21
discovered that the impulses differ in00:11:23
amplitude, frequency and duration,00:11:26
then scientists compared mathematical00:11:28
models of these impulses with those that are00:11:31
usually associated with human speech, he00:11:33
suggested that impulses form00:11:35
the basis00:11:39
of sentences with their help, mushrooms share00:11:42
information with neighbors about food nearby or00:11:45
about potential sources of danger;00:11:47
however, the possibility remains that the00:11:49
electrical activity of mushrooms is not00:11:51
related to communication; further research is clearly needed00:11:53
research The00:11:55
next time you go to the forest,00:11:56
be sure to take electrodes00:11:58
and a dictionary with you00:12:08
to tell the story of the relationship between00:12:10
mushrooms and people, we need to go back in00:12:13
time, namely, to the Upper Paleolithic00:12:14
about 18-12 thousand years ago,00:12:17
examining the teeth of people living at that time in the00:12:20
territory of modern Spain00:12:21
scientists came to the conclusion that the ancient00:12:24
Europeans ate not only meat but also00:12:27
plant foods and, of course, mushrooms,00:12:29
most likely boletus and champignons;00:12:31
specialists still know quite little00:12:34
about the use of mushrooms in00:12:36
ancient times. So, every new00:12:38
evidence here is worth its weight in gold,00:12:44
because mushrooms are not only those familiar from00:12:46
pictures in children's books00:12:55
[music]00:13:07
but on the contrary there were no harmful bacteria00:13:10
because alcohol is poisonous for them in a world without00:13:12
refrigerators, this was a very useful00:13:14
property, there is even a version that our00:13:16
ancestors began to grow grain00:13:18
crops not for the sake of bread, but for the sake of producing00:13:20
alcohol. Yours as they say health,00:13:26
the closer we get on the00:13:28
time scale to the present, the more00:13:31
interesting evidence we have of the00:13:32
relationship between people and mushrooms.00:13:35
Scientists have recently established that 5.5 thousand years00:13:38
ago there was a meeting that completely00:13:40
changed the history of mankind, one00:13:42
fine day one unfortunate fly00:13:44
drowned in a pot with milk and this fly00:13:48
tragedy became a real gift for00:13:50
all people. The fact is that the Drosophila fly00:13:52
carried the ancestor of modern00:13:54
milk yeast, this yeast00:13:56
lived perfectly on flies and did not even00:13:59
imagine that for complete happiness they needed00:14:01
milk when the yeast that arrived with the Fly00:14:04
found itself in milk, then we met00:14:06
there our close relative, this00:14:08
cousin felt great there00:14:10
because he knew how to process lactose00:14:12
due to additional proteins, two types of00:14:14
yeast and mated and our friends00:14:16
received from the relative Genes00:14:17
abilities00:14:26
and began to produce cheeses00:14:28
yoghurts kefir and other products that are00:14:31
enjoyed by billions of people today00:14:33
mushrooms quite they are healthy,00:14:35
low-calorie, rich in protein and00:14:37
fiber, and they also grow in the forest for free.00:14:39
In times of hunger, people turn to00:14:42
mushrooms if the government helps me.00:14:44
For example, in the 90s in Russia, the00:14:47
popularity of mushroom picking and00:14:48
home canning increased sharply. Mushrooms have always00:14:50
been for us and our ancestors not only00:14:52
food, one of the most amazing00:14:54
finds of recent decades is the ice00:14:57
Mummy of a man from the Copper Age era, this00:15:00
man lived in the Alps about 5,000 years00:15:02
ago and in fact he deserves a00:15:04
separate story00:15:07
But today we are interested Of course00:15:10
due to the connection with mushrooms The fact is that00:15:12
among the things archaeologists discovered two00:15:15
types Trudovik mushrooms, one of them00:15:17
has antibacterial properties and was00:15:19
probably used for medicinal00:15:21
purposes. And with the help of another fire, the00:15:25
medicinal properties of mushrooms were known00:15:27
not only to the people of the Copper Age, today00:15:29
scientists are also actively using them.00:15:32
Perhaps the most famous and medicinal00:15:34
product based on mushrooms is penicillin,00:15:36
the first antibiotic that saved millions00:15:38
lives In 1929, Alexander Fleming00:15:42
accidentally received it thanks to a00:15:44
colony of mold that grew in an unwashed Petri dish, that00:15:47
is, fungi, it turned out that they were able to00:15:49
destroy Staphylococcus aureus, a00:15:51
harmful bacterium that causes00:15:52
infectious diseases.00:15:55
Almost a century has passed since then, and mushrooms continue to00:15:57
provide benefits among the most popular00:16:00
medicines in the world articlein Anti-00:16:02
cholesterol drugs, one of them00:16:04
called mevastatin is obtained from a00:16:07
substance produced by the fungus00:16:08
penicillium lemon yellow, and most00:16:11
recently in January 2021, American00:16:14
officials approved a new drug for the00:16:16
treatment of lupus00:16:25
without fungi, and this was not without okolosparin, which is00:16:27
isolated from a fungus. Yes, and pladium00:16:30
inflatum, but mushrooms these are not only our00:16:33
friends, sometimes they can be our00:16:35
enemies00:16:38
[music]00:16:46
What unites rice mites and the Roman00:16:50
emperors? They all became victims of killer00:16:53
fungi. The most destructive00:16:55
fungal plant pathogen in the world bears the00:16:57
terrible name00:16:59
Magnoporta grise, although the Russian version00:17:02
sounds rather cute. This quiet rice fungus00:17:06
the killer infects rice and annually00:17:09
destroys so much of it that it would be enough to00:17:12
feed more than 60 million people.00:17:14
Although the main victims of pathogenic00:17:16
fungi are this plant, animals also00:17:19
get some fungi such as00:17:21
aspergillus00:17:22
cause diseases in humans, especially in00:17:26
people with a weak immune system. But00:17:28
pathogenic fungi can be used in00:17:30
agriculture to combat00:17:32
insect mites and other pests of00:17:37
mushrooms, people have long tried to use them in their00:17:39
service and not always for good00:17:41
purposes, for example, with the help of toadstool,00:17:43
opponents Apparently poisoned the00:17:45
Roman Emperor Claudius, even if you00:17:48
have unlimited power,00:17:49
one modest mushroom can destroy you,00:17:52
absolutely irrefutable00:17:54
evidence that the entire00:17:56
October Revolution was done with people00:17:58
who consumed the00:18:00
corresponding mushrooms for many years and mushrooms in the process of00:18:03
being consumed by people00:18:05
replaced their personality in these people people00:18:08
became mushrooms That is, I just00:18:10
want to say that Lenin was a mushroom a00:18:11
drink based on alkaloids in Spain00:18:14
supposedly consumed by the participants00:18:16
ancient Greek mysteries, which is00:18:18
not expected after them, even the00:18:20
Gorgon Medusa, even Cerberus, and the Maya and Shaman of the00:18:23
indigenous Siberian peoples00:18:24
used fly agarics to expand consciousness,00:18:27
our lawyers demand that I warn00:18:29
you,00:18:32
dried fly agarics taste like00:18:34
potato chips a little only00:18:37
tastier, friends, do not use fly agarics00:18:40
and ergot drinks it’s better to drink a00:18:43
cup of coffee and watch a couple of old00:18:45
issues of the editorial office of science, the psychoactive00:18:47
effect is guaranteed00:18:48
[music]00:18:52
If you need evidence that00:18:54
the abuse of mushrooms is not good, it’s00:18:56
enough to turn to the00:18:58
medieval experience when people00:19:01
were poisoned en masse by rye bread made00:19:02
from grain contaminated with spray, the name of this00:19:05
scourge comes from French00:19:06
name for ergot ergotism symptoms were00:19:10
unpleasant involuntary contraction of00:19:12
muscles gangrene hallucinations mental00:19:15
disorders and aggressive behavior Who00:19:18
would have thought that those suffering00:19:19
The Middle Ages were caused by mushrooms00:19:23
salvation came from America Just like in the00:19:26
20th century jeans and rock and roll when00:19:28
potatoes brought from the New World00:19:30
firmly took its rightful place on the tables00:19:32
and in the stomachs of Europeans, the consumption of00:19:35
bread decreased thanks to this,00:19:37
epidemics of the body occurred less and less often,00:19:38
and gradually science found ways to combat00:19:41
spring So today we can eat00:19:43
bread painlessly00:19:45
[music]00:19:54
So we learned the history of mushrooms, their00:19:57
amazing abilities and place in00:19:59
civilization there is only one aspect left for us to discuss: the00:20:01
relationship between mushrooms and people;00:20:03
regular viewers of the science editorial office have already00:20:06
guessed that we simply cannot help but00:20:08
talk about the future of mushrooms and of course00:20:10
their role in the fight against climate change, but00:20:12
before that we will pause for a short00:20:14
conversation about the art of a neural network,00:20:16
please portrait of a person, a mushroom00:20:20
oh Nightmare no, after all, art00:20:24
should be done by professionals and not us00:20:26
and artificial intelligence. I hope the00:20:28
robots won’t be offended by me for such an00:20:29
assault, for example, a mycologist and a musician00:20:32
performing under the pseudonym Mikalika00:20:33
grows mushrooms and connects them to00:20:36
synthesizers, it turns out a creative00:20:38
collaboration between people, mushrooms and00:20:41
machines, remember we said that mushrooms00:20:43
produce electrical impulses00:20:45
mycolic measures changes in00:20:47
resistance in their authors and00:20:50
turns them into sounds it turns out00:20:54
peculiar00:20:59
and one of the greatest composers of00:21:02
experimental music John Cage was00:21:04
so obsessed with mushrooms that he even00:21:06
founded a mycological society in00:21:08
New York And he also collected mushrooms himself and00:21:11
supplied them00:21:13
Unfortunately, he did not compose mushroom symphonies for local restaurants. But he00:21:17
created an illustrated book.00:21:27
Artists painted mushrooms at all times.00:21:30
American mycologists even created a00:21:31
register of paintings that includes works by00:21:33
Rembrandt and Salvador Dali, and in our00:21:36
time mushrooms continue to inspire, at00:21:38
least the creators of the public page Mom I00:21:40
Grew Mold00:21:43
[ music]00:21:49
mushrooms increase cheating And this is not00:21:52
a headline from an editorial from the time of the first00:21:54
Five-Year Plans, but quite recent news when00:21:57
scientists added enzymes from00:21:59
Aspergillus mushrooms to the cow's feed, this improved the appetite of00:22:02
animals, the more they ate, the more00:22:04
milk they gave, and with a higher00:22:06
content of lactose protein and other00:22:08
nutrients substances The fact is that00:22:10
fungal enzymes maintain a nutrient00:22:12
medium for microorganisms inhabiting the00:22:14
stomach of cows. And these microorganisms, in00:22:16
turn, help cows digest00:22:18
roughage. And mushrooms can also save the00:22:20
cows themselves. The Swedish biotechnological00:22:23
company Mycorena grows mushroom00:22:26
protein that can be used to00:22:28
replace meat, and American companies00:22:34
[ music]00:22:43
require the use of toxic00:22:46
chemicals more00:22:49
environmentally friendly In addition, mushrooms will help00:22:52
save forests and fight global00:22:54
warming as well as hunger. For example,00:22:56
you can plant trees with symbionts of00:22:58
edible mushrooms in large areas00:22:59
that are now reserved for pasture;00:23:01
trees will release oxygen, remove00:23:04
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fight00:23:06
greenhouse gases effect Well, mushrooms will feed00:23:09
people blue milkweed, which grows in00:23:11
Asia and North America, produces more than 7 kg of00:23:13
protein per hectare of soil, more00:23:16
than when raising cows on pastures.00:23:18
Perhaps mushrooms will help people in the fight against00:23:20
malaria with the help of genetic engineering,00:23:22
scientists forced the pathogenic fungus00:23:25
metarchisium to produce a toxin that00:23:27
kills malaria mosquitoes issues about00:23:30
paper architecture, be sure to00:23:31
watch it if you missed it, we00:23:33
talked about scientists who00:23:35
printed columns from mushroom target, so00:23:38
they are not the only00:23:42
environmentally friendly and lightweight material. And it is00:23:45
also resistant to fire, you can make00:23:47
structural elements00:23:48
soundproof and packaging NASA is even00:23:51
exploring the possibility to build00:23:53
Martian colonies from mycelium, water in those colonies00:23:56
will also be able to be produced by mushrooms because the00:23:58
target structures do not allow bacteria00:24:01
and even viruses to pass through, which a natural00:24:04
filter for water purification is not ready for. But if people00:24:06
cannot survive on Mars, then mushrooms will definitely00:24:08
cope with this; mold can00:24:10
exist in the stratosphere of the earth where there is00:24:12
high radiation and a rarefied atmosphere,00:24:14
and these conditions are very reminiscent of00:24:16
Martian, perhaps apple trees on Mars00:24:18
will not bloom, but mushrooms there00:24:21
will definitely feel great Elon00:24:23
Musk It’s time to go mushroom hunting00:24:25
[music]00:24:33
mushrooms are of little interest to you I understand, yes,00:24:35
you understand correctly, ancient mushrooms00:24:38
have been prepared the soil for the emergence of plants00:24:40
by destroying solid rocks and the00:24:43
good earth with nutrients, and the00:24:45
exchange of resources between early plants00:24:47
and fungi contributed to the growth of evolution and the00:24:51
complication of the earth's Flora if mushrooms00:24:53
suddenly disappear, our planet will be covered with a00:24:56
layer of garbage to process dead00:24:58
Plants and animal bodies there will be no one00:25:00
to deplete the soil because in it will no longer00:25:03
receive nutrients, there00:25:05
will be no vital medicines that00:25:06
we get from fungi, there will be no beer00:25:08
baking00:25:10
yoghurts and of course fried leaves with00:25:13
potatoes,00:25:14
the present Apocalypse Therefore, we need to take00:25:17
care of the mushrooms of my friends, carefully00:25:20
study and remember their most important role00:25:22
in the ecosystem and the fate of all humanity00:25:25
Thank you for expanding your horizons00:25:27
with the channel, editors science Write00:25:29
in the comments, think about mushrooms and00:25:32
tell all your friends As00:25:34
grandma said, there will be rain and there will be00:25:37
mushrooms00:25:38
[music]Description:
Питайтесь вместе с My food - сервисом доставки рационов на весь день: от классики домашней кухни до ПП-стритфуда. По промокоду NAUKA 10 блюд линейки Classic на 2 дня за 1100 руб. вместо 2050 руб: https://m-food.ru/?iitt=VkLvauo-4D_j4DYDOI174.zT Поддержать «Редакцию.Наука»: 💰 из России — через сервис Boosty: https://boosty.to/rnauka 💰 из-за рубежа — через функцию «Спонсорство» в YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDK8SFd2iuF_h4kklUoueJw/join Грибы пережили динозавров, и похоже, что у них есть сверхспособности! Они умеют убивать, разговаривать, стрелять, зомбировать насекомых, играть музыку и управлять погодой. А еще без них не было бы жизненно важных лекарств, выпечки, пива, йогуртов – и конечно, жареных лисичек с картошкой. В новом выпуске Редакции.Наука научный журналист Илья Кабанов разбирается, как грибы захватили планету и как людям ужиться с ними. Следите за новыми выпусками и доп. материалами в соцсетях Редакция.Наука: 🔵 https://t.me/redakciya_nauka 🔷 https://vk.com/public213756852 телеграм Ильи https://t.me/lifelongmooc Таймкоды (для вашего удобства) 00:00 Главные вопросы выпуска 00:53 Гриб площадью 10 квадратных километров! 2:12 17 тысяч грибных гендеров 2:32 Как грибы стали отдельным царством 4:55 Самые древние грибы 5:34 Нашествие гигантских грибов 7:54 Грибы круче динозавров! 8:34 Грибы вызывают дождь и ветер 10:09 Гриб быстрее любого стрелка на Диком Западе 10:33 Электрический язык грибов 11:59 Как люди полюбили грибы 13:24 Одомашнивание молочных дрожжей: история любви двух грибов 14:53 Зачем грибы понадобились древней альпийской мумии 15:29 Грибы и современная медицина 16:40 Грибы-убийцы: рисовый грибок, бледная поганка и спорынья 18:31 Дисклеймер 18:54 Эрготизм и (Страдающее) Средневековье 19:48 Самые музыкальные грибы 21:04 Как грибы вдохновляли Джона Кейджа 21:46 Грибы увеличивают надои 22:22 Экологичные материалы из грибов 22:54 Грибы против глобального потепления 23:22 Спасение от малярии 24:08 Грибы, которые могут выжить на Марсе 24:28 Что будет, если грибы исчезнут? Это канал «Редакция.Наука». Здесь мы будем раскладывать научные концепции простым языком, научим вас задавать вопросы себе и миру и всегда оставаться любопытным. Мы всегда учили вас делать выводы самостоятельно, а сегодня как никогда важно сохранять критическое мышление. Наука учит нас сомневаться и не принимать на веру гипотезы без достаточного количества доказательств.
Preparing download options
* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."
** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players
Questions about downloading video
How can I download "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука" video?
http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.
Which format of "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука" video should I choose?
The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.
Why does my computer freeze when loading a "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука" video?
The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.
How can I download "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука" video to my phone?
You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "ГРИБЫ / Редакция.Наука"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.