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  • ruRussian
Download
00:00:02
click on the bell so as not to miss
00:00:03
the next episodes
00:00:04
and if the year quickly take a
00:00:07
comment or a thumbs up it's good
00:00:08
for my referencing
00:00:51
[Music]
00:01:05
1
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no it will go down a little hand ok
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the range
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I am currently at the foot of the
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second Carbet falls a river
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which rushes down the side of the Soufriere
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quite violently since it is two
00:01:21
steps of more than 100 m the host fell 4
00:01:24
hours of walking and I was lazy
00:01:26
so you will have to settle for the 2nd
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in the previous episode which I
00:01:30
invite you to go see before watching this one.
00:01:31
On this side we
00:01:33
talked about the different forms of
00:01:35
volcanism in the solar system
00:01:36
shoot an episode on volcanoes at
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the top of a volcano it's fitting but
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then why shoot the sequel at the foot
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of a waterfall is there because the
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volcanism that we are going to discuss today
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does not involve two
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sulfur lakes melted or geysers of the awb the
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volcanism which we are going to talk about today
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involves lots on a
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hot planet the even hotter rocks
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emerge on the surface in the form of there
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but in a frozen world where the
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temperatures are wickedly negative
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it is possible that the same phenomenon
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occurs with liquid water which
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springs from an ice crust
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globally today we are going to talk about
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cold volcanoes whose activity is called
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crio volcanism crio volcanism
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does not appear in latest news
00:02:24
on the telluric planets of the
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solar system we are therefore going to resume our
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stroll where we left off, that is to
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say on the moons of Jupiter and we are going to
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abandon -o for its close neighbor
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Europe Europe
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I am not going to dwell on it too
00:02:36
long because I have already
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devoted an entire video to it, we are
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however going to come back to two or three little
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things.
00:02:42
The first thing is that the
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significant tidal forces which act
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on io also act to a lesser
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extent on Europe which shelters in all
00:02:50
likelihood of underwater volcanism
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because 8 as a reminder Europe is covered
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with a thick crust of ice which rests
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on an ocean of liquid water is salty I
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told you in my last video on
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Europe that if we wanted to find life there
00:03:02
that to the hills because we were going to
00:03:04
have to dig out this thick layer of
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ice before diving into the 100 km
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depth of this ocean
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but that was without taking into account the
00:03:12
recent discoveries of geysers on its
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surface which would greatly simplify
00:03:16
things, yeah it would be enough to place a
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lander next to a geyser,
00:03:20
wait for them to be watered and
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analyze the water to see if we find
00:03:24
any trace of life.
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When I say it's simple, it would be
00:03:28
super hard in that sense. 'we take it's
00:03:30
much simpler than going to look at
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it anyway on the surface
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of europe there are large
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tricolori these are the junctions of
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large plates of ice which drift on
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the surface of the moon
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a bit like the continents drift on
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the earth's mantle and just like on
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earth at the junction of the tectonic plates
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we observe volcanic activity we
00:03:49
observe volcanic cryhod activity on
00:03:51
the surface of europe the water rises from
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the ocean which is located in below and
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spread well in flows or in geysers on the
00:03:57
surface bringing in the passage a
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large quantity of salt of all kinds
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which give their color to the deposits this
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phenomenon is in every way similar to
00:04:05
terrestrial volcanism except that we
00:04:08
evolve in
00:04:09
radically different temperature scales and that it is
00:04:11
the water which plays the role of the molten rock
00:04:13
incidentally on the surface
00:04:15
of Europe the average temperatures of
00:04:17
-150 degrees make the water ice hard
00:04:20
as stone let's
00:04:21
change now the body of
00:04:22
reference and let's go to the
00:04:24
neighborhood of Saturn talks in this
00:04:26
lake Europe in size close to that of
00:04:29
the moon but in this it is
00:04:31
rikiki barely 500 km in diameter and
00:04:34
yet it shelters an activity which
00:04:36
leaves people perplexed astronomers it is
00:04:38
more than 230 thousand kilometers from
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Saturn
00:04:41
we cannot therefore count on it
00:04:43
to have a sea effect is as
00:04:44
important as in the case of Guillon or
00:04:46
Europe yet they also shelter an
00:04:48
ocean of water under a thick layer of
00:04:50
ice and snow
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yes it snows without that the
00:04:54
strangest geological formation dances there that is
00:04:56
located near its south pole an area
00:04:58
called the tiger stripes made up
00:05:00
of tectonic faults similar to
00:05:02
those of Europe and which does not include
00:05:03
of craters suggesting that its
00:05:05
surface changes frequently in this
00:05:07
area there are four large faults
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approximately 2 km wide and 500 meters
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deep stretching over 130 km long
00:05:14
is separated by 35 km
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according to temperature records from
00:05:17
cassini each of the faults is on
00:05:19
average 10 to 15 degrees warmer than
00:05:21
the surroundings of these faults spring
00:05:23
geysers which freeze instantly and
00:05:26
which rise to more than 500 km of altitude
00:05:29
thus maintaining the dense atmosphere
00:05:31
laddh as well as the ring e of saturn
00:05:33
no. 1 is the last and most tenuous
00:05:35
of the rings of the manager
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2 and its existence and almost
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exclusively at the geyser dances the cg
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their are composed of water and a
00:05:42
mixture of carbon compounds which are
00:05:44
not without recall natural gas therefore
00:05:46
heat water and carbon compounds a
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priori there is not everything needed to
00:05:51
shelter life there but once
00:05:53
again I refer you to my video
00:05:55
denounced on the other side I refer you
00:05:57
to my video dedicated to Europe to
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delve deeper into the subject of volcanoes back
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it's not bad but there is even
00:06:03
colder let's move a little closer to Saturn to take a
00:06:05
look at titan the largest
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of its satellites the radioactivity of its heart and the
00:06:10
tides caused by saturn gives it
00:06:13
a hot core but the volcanoes of titan
00:06:15
are distinguished by their nature the screams
00:06:17
at the volcano of titan crash plumes of
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metal which spread on a surface
00:06:21
of water ice of ammonia and various
00:06:23
hydrocarbons and it would seem that
00:06:26
titan owes them without the atmosphere we
00:06:27
also find few impact craters
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on its surface
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it suggests that it evolves quickly on
00:06:32
the geological scale titan is swept
00:06:34
by the winds and watered with rain of
00:06:35
methane
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it is therefore also necessary to take into account on erosion
00:06:38
and not just the cry for volcanism to
00:06:39
modify its surface but the
00:06:43
Cassini probe discovered a
00:06:44
dark circular formation of 160 km called
00:06:47
Ghanaian macula
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the vestige of a shield volcano which
00:06:50
collapsed gained 1 fact reference to the
00:06:52
hindu god ganesh god of wisdom and
00:06:54
prudence
00:06:55
and that's good because we have to be
00:06:56
careful when talking about this
00:06:58
formation because we are not yet
00:06:59
completely sure how this thing
00:07:01
was formed
00:07:02
water is cold liquid methane
00:07:04
is even colder but we can
00:07:06
do even better let's now
00:07:08
go to neptune and more precisely its
00:07:10
satellite triton triton is a
00:07:13
200 km ball which rotates in the
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retrograde direction of its orbit on the other hand,
00:07:18
this particularity means that it
00:07:20
was not formed around Neptune but
00:07:21
rather that it is an object of the
00:07:23
Kuiper belt in the style of Pluto that the
00:07:26
giant to capture just like Phobos
00:07:28
approaches from mars street we are approaching
00:07:29
neptune and it should crash there
00:07:31
in a hundred million years
00:07:33
in the cold objects genre triton
00:07:35
still plays in another category
00:07:36
it has a core of iron and rocks
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but a mantle made of
00:07:41
water ice and a solid azov crust as a
00:07:45
reminder the liquid zot is minus 200
00:07:46
degrees there the solids with an
00:07:49
average temperature of only 35
00:07:50
degrees above absolute zero
00:07:52
triton also has very few craters
00:07:53
on its surface and As you can imagine, it
00:07:55
also has Azov geysers, this
00:07:57
time traces of which were found on the
00:07:59
south polar cap.
00:08:00
We don't know a lot about this
00:08:02
star because most of the information we
00:08:03
have comes from the single
00:08:04
flight. of travelers 2 in 1989 which
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mapped a little less than half
00:08:09
of its surface
00:08:10
we were nevertheless able to take this photo
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the dark streaks that you can see
00:08:14
these are the cold geysers on the surface
00:08:16
of the moon
00:08:17
the nitrogen is instantly vaporized in
00:08:19
sort of taking with it
00:08:21
dust which settles on the ground and the ess
00:08:23
is dragged along its this polar cap
00:08:24
is made up of a recent ozone layer
00:08:26
of a few centuries at most
00:08:28
it is a safe bet that the same
00:08:30
phenomena are occurring produce on the other
00:08:32
cap 1 but we know nothing about it and we will
00:08:35
not know before another probe flies over
00:08:36
this star a little closer to
00:08:38
the equator there is an area also
00:08:40
mapped by traveler two which
00:08:41
seem covered of a solidifying viscous liquid
00:08:43
called crio avs
00:08:45
it is probably a mixture of water and
00:08:47
ammonia there are also four full
00:08:49
rounds with a rim which could
00:08:51
correspond to impact craters
00:08:53
subsequently filled with this lava crisis
00:08:55
a bit like the lunar seas
00:08:56
let's go a little further and take a look
00:08:58
at it quite well we agree that
00:09:01
it's more of a planet but we keep
00:09:02
a particular attachment to it and especially
00:09:04
with the flyby of the probe new horizons
00:09:06
we still have quite a few
00:09:08
details concerning it and therefore that you
00:09:09
write about low volcanism
00:09:11
we have no certainties we found
00:09:14
its surface two structures the
00:09:16
picard world and mount wright which are
00:09:18
almost nothing with a depression in the middle
00:09:20
but we have not noted any activity there and
00:09:23
therefore we cannot draw any conclusions from it.
00:09:25
Obviously we could continue
00:09:27
on volcanism and go
00:09:28
much further to titillate the
00:09:30
exoplanets
00:09:31
but that is an exercise to which I will not go
00:09:33
don't bend because you
00:09:35
suspect it if we already know so little about the
00:09:37
objects of the solar system we
00:09:38
shouldn't hope too much from a planet
00:09:40
that we have never even seen we are quite
00:09:42
capable of identifying some of
00:09:43
them as being volcanic because of
00:09:46
their proximity to their star which has
00:09:48
melted the crust or
00:09:51
very young planets and not yet
00:09:52
cooled which probably resembles
00:09:54
mustafar the planet of star wars
00:09:57
although I prefer to compare them to those
00:09:59
which look like and the earth shortly
00:10:01
after its formation,
00:10:02
however, I am not going to dwell any further
00:10:03
on the subject because in terms of a
00:10:05
planet covered in volcanoes I believe
00:10:07
that we have already seen some concrete good in the
00:10:08
last episode,
00:10:09
so let's return for a moment to the
00:10:11
solar system after the kuiper belt there
00:10:13
still remains the oort cloud in this
00:10:15
cloud there are objects among
00:10:17
which some fall into the
00:10:19
inner solar system giving birth to
00:10:21
comets in the cloud outside these objects
00:10:23
are rather sheltered from too
00:10:25
violent aggression and the elements which
00:10:26
compose them remain more or less
00:10:28
quiet but when it approaches the
00:10:30
sun the radiation and the
00:10:32
solar winds wake up their surface and we
00:10:34
will talk about that in the next episode
00:10:37
but I know it happens like a hair
00:10:39
in the soup but you don't worry about it it
00:10:42
will be worth waiting for the next
00:10:43
video in two weeks so even
00:10:45
more I will be accompanied by a distinguished guest
00:10:47
so I tell you in two weeks and
00:10:50
in the meantime roll your eyes to the sky and
00:10:52
be astronomical
00:10:54
when you see it again
00:11:06
[Music]
00:11:18
[Music]

Description:

Parlons des cryovolcans, ces volcans du système solaire qui crachent de l'eau, ou quelque chose d'encore plus froid... Pour aller plus loin : https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/Europa.html https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/Enceladus.html https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/Triton.html https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgre.20062 https://ciclops.org/view.php?id=5471&js=1 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2015.18756?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a9bca1d8-89b2-4171-a4c7-60f5f26c826b https://www.nasa.gov/feature/possible-ice-volcano-on-pluto-has-the-wright-stuff Pour m'écrire : AstronoGeek BP50125 57403 SARREBOURG CEDEX Retrouve tous les épisodes sur http://astronogeek.fr/ Si le cœur t’en dit, jette un œil à ma page Tipeee : https://en.tipeee.com/le-studio-de-poche Et pour devenir une icône de la mode, envisage un T-shirt AstronoGeek : https://astronogeek.myspreadshop.fr/ Pour m'écrire : AstronoGeek BP50125 57403 SARREBOURG CEDEX Sinon, tu peux aussi me retrouver sur Twitter : https://twitter.com/THIRYArnaud La Fanpage sur Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Le Groupe Facebook (aussi géré par des fans) : https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Le matériel que j’utilise (liens partenaire Amazon) : Trépieds : Trépied Velbon Ultra 655 : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B00ALA31VY?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B00ALA31VY Rotule Manfrotto 496RC : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B002N5NRSC?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B002N5NRSC Pieds à lumière Dynasun : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B008NJM4I6?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B008NJM4I6 Eclairage : Ampoules Dynasun 600W : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B005DWVZAE?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B005DWVZAE Douille E27 pour les ampoules : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B001KL2SD0?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B001KL2SD0 Ombrelles argent Phottix : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B004XIIKUM?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B004XIIKUM Panneau LED Aputure Amaran HR 672w : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B00OVO9KKC?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B00OVO9KKC Diffuseur Aputure EZ Box pour panneau LED : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B01D4BB3CU?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B01D4BB3CU Panneau LED Yongnuo YN600II : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B01A9PJ7TA?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B01A9PJ7TA Son : Micro Zoom H2 : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B005CQ2ZY6?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B005CQ2ZY6 Micro Zoom H : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B0144JHW4E?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B0144JHW4E Micro cravate Rode LavalierMic : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B003Z8OUUA?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B003Z8OUUA Auxiliaires : Prompteur fixe : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B01BMIM9PM?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B01BMIM9PM Prompteur portable Parrot : (indisponible) Moniteur vidéo Phottix Hector : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B007EMSR1Q?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B007EMSR1Q Fond vert Lastolite 4m : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B009WQ5LTI?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B009WQ5LTI Fond vert Lastolite 3x3.5m : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B0098HUCV8?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B0098HUCV8 Caméras & objectifs : Canon EOS 5D : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B01L8U5924?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B01L8U5924 Canon EF 24mm f/1.4 L : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B001E97GJ4?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B001E97GJ4 Canon EF-S 15-84mm f3.5-5.6 IS USM : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B002NEFLDM?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B002NEFLDM Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B00XKSBMQA?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B00XKSBMQA Le descendant de mon EOS 60D : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B01C2XJVPC?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B01C2XJVPC Montage : Logiciel de montage Vegas Pro 13 : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B00JI540P4?ie=UTF8&creative=6746&creativeASIN=B00JI540P4

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