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Russian
00:00:00
Is there life in the universe or are we00:00:03
alone in the galaxy? The night starry sky is00:00:06
simply mesmerizing and leaves no one00:00:08
indifferent.00:00:09
Looking at the stars, we often ask ourselves the00:00:11
question: is there anyone else out there in a distant00:00:14
galaxy? The topic of alien civilizations00:00:17
worries both scientists around the world and00:00:19
ordinary people It’s not for nothing that thousands of people00:00:22
around the world say that they saw a UFO00:00:24
or even had contact with aliens,00:00:27
some were even abducted by aliens,00:00:30
based on their own stories,00:00:33
many documentaries and00:00:34
science fiction films have been made on this topic, but so far not00:00:37
a single indisputable evidence has been found of00:00:39
the presence of extraterrestrial00:00:41
civilizations in this and00:00:43
Fermi's paradox is00:00:45
Enrico Fermi, a Nobel laureate00:00:48
who made a huge contribution to quantum00:00:51
mechanics and theoretical physics, but his00:00:54
name is often heard for a completely different00:00:56
reason. One day, while listening to serious00:00:59
arguments and stories from his colleagues that there00:01:01
are many civilizations in the galaxy, he00:01:03
asked where they all belong00:01:06
he formulated his opinion on this issue00:01:09
as follows: in the universe, everything obeys the00:01:12
same laws and any other00:01:14
civilization could have the same00:01:17
technological capabilities that its00:01:19
earthlings, we have spaceship projects00:01:22
that could deliver people to the00:01:24
stars closest to us, respectively,00:01:26
the same ships can be among other00:01:28
civilizations, this means that over millions of00:01:31
years, aliens should have already00:01:33
settled in the universe and00:01:35
colonized many planets suitable00:01:38
for life. If there were other civilizations in the galaxy,00:01:40
they would00:01:42
have reached us a long time ago. The absence of traces of00:01:44
aliens on earth is a powerful argument in00:01:48
favor of the version that extraterrestrials civilizations have00:01:50
not existed since00:01:53
1961, scientists have been trying to recognize00:01:56
radio signals from other civilizations and all00:01:59
this time without results, today we00:02:02
know that within a radius of 1000 light years00:02:04
from our planet there is not a single00:02:07
civilization that would send us a00:02:09
signal in any way known to us, judging00:02:12
by the pace of development spacecraft,00:02:14
we will soon be able to send00:02:16
interstellar probes to Alpha Centauri, and00:02:19
very little time has passed00:02:21
since the first man visited00:02:23
space, so in hundreds and thousands of years,00:02:26
maybe humanity will be able to00:02:28
travel through our and other00:02:30
galaxies Drake's equation in00:02:33
1961 by astronomer Frank drake proposed a00:02:36
simple formula for calculating the00:02:38
number of developed civilizations in the00:02:40
galaxy; many people have tried to solve this00:02:43
equation, but so far it does not have a00:02:45
final version; according to approximate00:02:47
data, it turns out that there are only 200:02:50
developed civilizations and one of them is us, but00:02:53
what is the other and where is it? the00:02:56
Kardashev scale is this school was developed by a00:02:59
Soviet astrophysicist, the method is00:03:01
to classify civilization by00:03:04
the amount of useful energy that00:03:06
can be used, so Kardashev divided00:03:08
civilizations into three types: a civilization that00:03:11
uses all the available energy on the00:03:13
planet, a civilization that can use the00:03:15
energy emitted by a star, a civilization00:03:17
that is capable of00:03:19
using all the energy of the galaxy, according to the00:03:22
calculations of the scientist Carl Sagan, we have00:03:24
almost approached the civilization of the00:03:26
first type, to reach type 300:03:29
humanity will need about a million00:03:31
years, having reached the second and third types,00:03:34
people on our planet will have to be able to00:03:36
move around the galaxy almost00:03:38
at the speed of light or even faster,00:03:41
let's look for a solution to the Fermi paradox,00:03:44
solution one, there is no one but us00:03:47
was this one of the possible explanations? It00:03:50
would be easy to agree with this, living in the00:03:52
time of Aristotle, according to00:03:55
whose ideas the universe was not a large00:03:57
accumulation of spheres revolving around the earth,00:03:59
but our universe is not at all like that.00:04:02
Since the 21st century, scientists have been finding00:04:06
new stars with planetary systems,00:04:08
and in one of the five of such planets there are00:04:10
planets very similar to ours and it is not at all00:04:14
believed that in such a variety of00:04:15
planets life is only possible on earth,00:04:17
most astrophysicists believe that00:04:20
such a solution to the Fermi paradox is the least00:04:23
likely solution 2 there is life on other00:04:25
planets but it is not reasonable and some00:04:29
scientists believe that in the near future00:04:31
we will be able to find traces of the simplest00:04:33
organisms on Mars, algae or00:04:36
microbes, if this solution is correct, then00:04:39
another question arises: what00:04:41
prevents many molecules from turning into an00:04:43
intelligent form of life?00:04:53
beings,00:04:55
some experts believe that we have yet00:04:58
overcome such a filter and therefore it00:05:01
is not clear what awaits us in the future,00:05:04
the theory of the great filter says00:05:06
that every civilization during its00:05:08
development runs into some kind of barrier00:05:10
that does not allow it to reach00:05:13
type 3 when a civilization is able to00:05:15
use all energy of the galaxy00:05:17
solution 3 intelligent life exists but is00:05:21
silent This solution to the paradox is also00:05:23
known as the zoo hypothesis There00:05:25
are several options for such a00:05:27
solution It is possible that we are still00:05:30
very primitive and other civilizations00:05:33
simply do not see the point in communicating with us,00:05:35
or maybe other civilizations decided that00:05:38
showing up to us will lead to to their00:05:40
destruction by intergalactic colonizers and the00:05:43
craziest option is our universe00:05:45
is a large-scale00:05:47
computer simulation00:05:48
solution 4 intelligent civilizations visited00:05:52
our planet in the past earthly00:05:54
civilization has been developing at best for the00:05:56
last 50 thousand years and writing00:05:59
was invented a little over five thousand years ago00:06:02
so even if our distant ancestors00:06:05
encountered extraterrestrial beings, they00:06:07
simply would not be able to leave us this00:06:09
information solution 5 the galaxy has long been00:06:13
colonized and we are in a00:06:15
calm and secluded place, we may not00:06:18
know that the galaxy has already been colonized and00:06:20
we may be lucky that we are in00:06:22
some outback where others00:06:25
civilizations will never get to the00:06:27
solution 6 intelligent races behave quietly00:06:30
to avoid encounters with dangerous00:06:33
civilizations, perhaps there is00:06:35
some kind of predatory civilization that00:06:37
poses a serious danger to00:06:40
everyone else and intelligent civilizations00:06:42
know about this and are silent, and we sent00:06:45
radio signals to the universe, most likely we00:06:47
are acting very recklessly because we00:06:50
don’t know at all what can expect us,00:06:52
maybe we should study everything better00:06:55
before taking more00:06:56
radical steps solution 7 in the galaxy00:07:00
there is a special super-civilization00:07:03
that destroys other civilizations,00:07:05
perhaps it is a super-developed and intelligent00:07:08
civilization that considers other civilizations a00:07:10
threat and therefore destroys them when they00:07:13
begin to develop according to theory, the00:07:15
civilization that first reached00:07:18
its maximum development will00:07:20
destroy others solution 8 our00:07:23
technologies are not able to recognize00:07:25
signals from other civilizations, either our00:07:28
instruments are very primitive or time on00:07:30
other planets goes completely differently from00:07:32
ours, we simply cannot catch and understand00:07:35
other signals00:07:36
solution 9 contact with aliens00:07:40
has been established for a long time, but the powers that be are hiding00:07:42
this from us, the most absurd option of00:07:44
all, but it has the right to be a solution 10 a00:07:48
super intelligent civilization is among us, but00:07:51
we don’t notice them, most likely for such00:07:53
civilizations, humanity is like00:07:56
ants, even if they want to, they don’t will be able to00:07:58
communicate with us, because we cannot teach00:08:01
ants to use the Internet, there may00:08:04
be a huge number of reasons for00:08:06
other civilizations to00:08:07
remain silent, not one theory cannot be00:08:10
proven one hundred percent, so even now,00:08:12
when no traces of extraterrestrial civilizations have been found, the00:08:15
Fermi paradox haunts00:08:17
many scientists, but what do you think we00:08:20
will we ever meet with an00:08:21
alien civilization? write in the00:08:23
comments and subscribe to the channel00:08:28
back in00:08:30
1993, screenwriter and producer Chris00:08:34
Carter decided to revive the genre of00:08:36
science fiction shows on00:08:38
television and create a series that would00:08:40
scare viewers to the point of trembling in their knees,00:08:42
then the world learned about x files soon the series00:08:46
in which the main storyline00:08:48
tells about UFOs and aliens00:08:51
achieved unprecedented success but what is a UFO00:08:54
in reality and what do we know about00:08:57
extraterrestrial life forms let's find out an00:09:00
unidentified flying object or a UFO is an00:09:04
unidentified observed00:09:06
flying object or a phenomenon that has not00:09:09
been identified00:09:10
with what00:09:12
meteorological or astronomical00:09:14
phenomenon is known to science and also no00:09:17
evidence of its falsification has been established in00:09:19
most cases when a UFO is observed, the00:09:22
first thing that comes to mind is that00:09:24
this object belongs to00:09:26
unearthly civilizations, but where did people00:09:28
get such a strong belief that a UFO00:09:31
is of alien origin?00:09:34
Perhaps it all started in in the forties of the00:09:36
20th century, when in00:09:39
1939 in Nazi Germany,00:09:42
aircraft designer Professor Heinrich00:09:44
photos patented an aircraft with00:09:46
vertical take-off and a00:09:49
saucer-shaped turbine engine, in the same00:09:52
year another German inventor, former00:09:54
farmer Arthur Zach, began developing a00:09:57
flying disc aircraft with00:09:59
disc-shaped wings, this device00:10:02
called The is-6 was tested in00:10:05
1944, but the pilot was only able to lift the00:10:09
is-6 off the ground, after which the right landing00:10:12
gear could not withstand the loads from the00:10:14
jet torque of the propeller00:10:16
due to the urgent need to00:10:18
redirect the means to conduct00:10:20
military operations against the actively00:10:22
advancing troops of the Soviet Union,00:10:24
which by that time had already completely00:10:26
took the initiative in the Second World War,00:10:29
Germany abandoned the development of00:10:31
this type of aircraft, but00:10:35
in the USA these projects gained popularity;00:10:37
developments were carried out with the support of the US at00:10:40
that time and the US Navy00:10:43
almost round 2 propeller00:10:46
planes Wolf in 173 and Wolf x F5 Youth00:10:51
took to the air but had00:10:54
many disadvantages, in particular they were00:10:56
inconvenient to control, so in00:11:00
1947 they were abandoned much later, the US00:11:02
National Archive published00:11:05
secret drawings of a flying saucer00:11:07
developed in the00:11:09
1950s for the American Air Force; the00:11:12
device in Project00:11:14
1794 was designed for vertical takeoff00:11:17
and landing and was supposed to reach00:11:20
speeds from 3200 to 4 thousand 30000:11:24
kilometers per hour, the flight altitude of the saucer00:11:26
should have exceeded 30 kilometers, so it is00:11:29
possible to assume that, seeing their00:11:31
developments, the military, who were00:11:34
studying flying saucers in the late forties,00:11:36
feared that UFOs were00:11:39
aircraft of other countries,00:11:42
looking ahead to say that the world-00:11:44
famous company sikorsky aircraft in00:11:47
1993 built an attack on a successful project of an00:11:51
unmanned reconnaissance aircraft00:11:53
site here which has the shape of a disk and takes off and00:11:56
lands vertically,00:11:59
but let’s return to the middle of the 20th century on the wave of the00:12:02
active growth of scientific and technological00:12:04
progress along with the intensive development of the00:12:06
idea of space travel00:12:09
for people it was necessary to feed my00:12:11
interest with something besides serious articles from00:12:14
scientific journals, and such fuel00:12:16
was found; we see many science fiction00:12:18
works. It is believed that in science fiction the00:12:21
term of first contact with an alien00:12:24
civilization was first used by the00:12:25
American writer Murray Leinster00:12:28
am in the story First Contact in00:12:31
1945, while the very theme of the first00:12:34
contact was touched upon by science fiction writers00:12:36
earlier, for example, in Herbert Wells’s novels The00:12:39
War of the Worlds00:12:41
1898 and the first men on the moon00:12:44
1901 in Soviet science fiction, one of the00:12:48
first to address this topic was Ivan00:12:50
Efremov, who in his 1958 story The Heart of the00:12:52
Serpent00:12:54
entered into direct polemics with the00:12:57
story of Leinster and the situation of the first00:13:00
contact is explored in the works of00:13:02
Ivan Efremov the heart of the snake the00:13:05
Andromeda nebula the hour of the bull by Alexei Tolstoy aelite of the00:13:09
Strugatsky brothers from the outside the baby Stanislav Lem00:13:12
solaris by Ursula Le Guin the left hand of darkness by Arthur Clarke a00:13:15
space odyssey by00:13:17
Robert Heinlein puppeteers and many00:13:20
other writers, both Russian and00:13:23
foreign, the first massive surge of interest in00:13:26
aliens dates back to00:13:28
1947, when the famous00:13:31
rose Welsh incident occurred, farmer William00:13:34
Bray is called while traveling around his property,00:13:36
discovered strange debris, soon00:13:39
information about the crashed00:13:41
alien ship reached the local military,00:13:43
but by that time the press had already created a00:13:46
fuss around this event, this is where the00:13:49
facts in history end and00:13:51
speculation begins government The USA00:13:54
allegedly hid the traces of the crash into the hands of00:13:56
the military, bodies allegedly fell into the form of gray00:13:59
humanoids, and so on,00:14:01
the image of gray humanoids finally took root in the00:14:04
American mass consciousness after00:14:06
another most famous incident in ufology00:14:08
in00:14:11
1961, Betty and Barney Hill and became the00:14:14
first to publicly declare that00:14:17
they abducted by aliens, children began to00:14:20
suffer from nightmares in which00:14:23
various medical experiments were carried out on her and her husband;00:14:25
short, gray-skinned00:14:28
creatures; the first who listened to the story of the00:14:30
Heels became an astronomer, Walter Web; he00:14:33
believed that Betty's nightmares were caused by00:14:36
stories about the UFO that gripped00:14:38
the Americans in those years, three years later Dr.00:14:41
Simmons managed to save the spouses from00:14:43
nightmares and came to the same conclusion that the00:14:46
Internet actively fueled interest in the topic of extraterrestrial civilizations00:14:49
then and continues to00:14:51
fuel it now, film adaptations of many00:14:53
works of science fiction, probably00:14:56
cinema and television have done even more00:14:59
than books and articles in the yellow press, so00:15:02
today day in the minds of people there00:15:03
has developed a persistent image that everything00:15:06
inexplicable can be safely attributed to00:15:09
the search for aliens; however, there are00:15:11
hypotheses about the natural origin of UFOs00:15:13
based on the belief that everything is not00:15:16
explained and the case arises from the00:15:19
observation of phenomena already known,00:15:22
described and studied by modern00:15:25
science, meteors, flying birds,00:15:27
burning swamp gas, but what00:15:30
then to do with some facts that00:15:33
not only cannot be explained,00:15:35
but also directly contradict the laws of physics known to us;00:15:37
video recording, although they do not00:15:40
have official confirmation of their00:15:42
authenticity, indicates that UFOs in00:15:45
some cases exhibited properties00:15:47
that cast doubt on the fact that00:15:50
they are also solid some maneuvers of a UFO,00:15:52
such as turning at right angles at00:15:54
high speed, are destructive for any00:15:56
living creature, including a00:15:59
person, if one00:16:01
is inside the object at that moment, but the most00:16:04
compelling argument is that UFOs were00:16:07
observed long before the00:16:10
scientific and technological revolution began, some00:16:13
geoglyphs geometric or figured patterns applied to the ground,00:16:17
Nazca geoglyphs, Omsk candelabra and other00:16:21
vivid examples of this, these ancient drawings00:16:24
are amazing in that their data is visible00:16:26
only from a certain height and they do not00:16:29
represent any artistic00:16:31
value for an observer at ground level;00:16:33
another mystery, but already in architecture, the00:16:37
polygonal masonry stands out a type of00:16:40
masonry made of00:16:42
polygonal stones combed together, joined00:16:45
at arbitrary angles with minimal,00:16:47
often almost zero gaps in00:16:50
Peru, you can see many examples of00:16:52
such masonry where multi-ton huge00:16:55
stone blocks fit each other with pinpoint precision Ollantaytambo00:17:00
fortress of Sacsayhuaman walls in the city of00:17:03
Cusco and many other places in the south00:17:05
in America they say that this00:17:07
construction technology was used by those00:17:09
who had the level of development of science,00:17:12
scientists-historians attribute these00:17:15
buildings to the affairs of the ancient Incas, but they00:17:18
themselves only00:17:20
laughed when asked about the construction and said that it was built by the00:17:22
gods and the Incas themselves came here later00:17:26
in addition architectural mysteries in art00:17:29
and especially in religion, the00:17:31
theme of higher powers has always been present,00:17:33
there are a number of cave paintings00:17:35
that are presented by supporters of the00:17:37
paleocontact hypothesis as evidence of contacts00:17:40
with aliens in ancient times, in a deep00:17:42
cave in France, an00:17:45
incredibly mysterious drawing was discovered, it00:17:47
depicts 17 spheres that appear from a00:17:50
very stereotypical flying plates plate00:17:53
Lola Dafa is another artifact where you00:17:57
can clearly see an alien00:17:59
humanoid, and here you can also see that a00:18:04
disk-shaped object is hovering above the aliens’ huge head, and van je ne00:18:07
board of mosques in Australia, which depicts some00:18:09
strange creatures with alarmingly00:18:12
large eyes and some characters00:18:14
look similar even dressed in spacesuits, the age of00:18:17
all these images is estimated at00:18:19
thousands of years, so the hypothesis that a00:18:22
UFO may have a completely terrestrial00:18:24
origin and was created by some ancient00:18:27
higher race that was perceived by00:18:29
people as gods but hid somewhere00:18:32
underground also has a00:18:34
widespread belief that contacts00:18:36
occurred in the past, but we have forgotten about them00:18:39
or do not perceive them specifically as00:18:41
contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations,00:18:43
probably all the peoples of our planet, from00:18:46
indigenous tribes to residents of megacities,00:18:49
have in their cultural heritage00:18:50
a mention of the higher powers of the peasantry, the00:18:53
higher powers are the angels that live00:18:56
in heaven and their fallen representatives00:18:58
demons live in the underworld one00:19:01
of the founders of the Brotherhood of St. Herman00:19:04
from duckweed monastic commune in the ward of00:19:06
not California the Orthodox priest00:19:08
Father Seraphim Rose in his writings00:19:11
suggested that his UFO00:19:13
sightings were caused by the activities of00:19:16
evil spirits Rose graduated from Pomeranian00:19:19
College and the University of California at00:19:21
Berkeley and where he studied theology,00:19:23
linguistics and philosophy, he noted00:19:26
the similarity of some circumstances of close00:19:29
contacts son loss with occultism and00:19:31
spoke out that the introduction of UFOs is00:19:33
caused by the devil who wants to distract00:19:37
people from God and prepare for the acceptance of the00:19:39
Antichrist; what appearances, according to the00:19:42
Holy Scriptures, should be accompanied by00:19:44
heavenly signs;00:19:46
some authors draw00:19:48
parallels between the circumstances of00:19:50
modern cases contact with UFOs and the00:19:52
properties of some demons described in00:19:55
demonological literature, but in addition to00:19:57
religious explanations, there are also00:19:59
quite secular conclusions of official00:20:02
authorities on this issue in the 1950s, the00:20:06
British government00:20:08
took the threat from00:20:09
aliens seriously for more than half a century of UFO00:20:12
surveillance and not00:20:14
no evidence was found of the presence of an00:20:16
extraterrestrial civilization or a military threat to00:20:20
Britain from aliens in00:20:23
2010, a special unit00:20:25
engaged in the study of materials about UFOs00:20:28
was disbanded; however, a whole00:20:30
sentence and even a paragraph remained00:20:33
encrypted or painted00:20:36
black, according to British military00:20:38
intelligence, all flying saucers fall00:20:41
under one of four possible explanations00:20:43
namely astronomical or00:20:46
meteorological phenomenon00:20:48
misidentification of a modern00:20:51
aircraft optical illusion or00:20:53
psychological hallucination00:20:55
deliberate fraud in France00:20:58
in00:20:59
1977 the group for00:21:02
information and study of unidentified00:21:04
flying objects was founded it receives data from the00:21:07
gendarmerie police army navy and00:21:11
civil aviation now view00:21:14
documents are stored in the archives and approximately 1,60000:21:16
cases of UFO appearances, according to00:21:19
experts in the press release I am the son and in00:21:22
most cases we are talking about00:21:24
absolutely normal natural phenomena00:21:27
misinterpreted by their observers,00:21:29
but in the United States the authors continue to take this issue very seriously for more than00:21:33
half a century00:21:35
In the00:21:37
US administration, a confidential00:21:39
report on the incidents was appreciated, saying00:21:42
that in the vast majority of the00:21:44
approximately 120 studied cases that have00:21:47
occurred over the past 20 years, it has been proven that00:21:50
American technologies were not involved in them,00:21:52
while their nature cannot be00:21:54
determined with certainty, the00:21:57
document says, the report was prepared by a working00:21:59
group of the Ministry of Defense created00:22:02
last year, to improve the understanding of00:22:04
unknown atmospheric phenomena and00:22:06
determine whether they threaten00:22:08
national security, three00:22:11
cnn sources said that the report does not exclude the00:22:14
extraterrestrial nature of some of them, but there is00:22:20
also no evidence that naval pilots saw alien ships, but the00:22:23
most famous place that links00:22:26
prices the bosom today is zone 5100:22:29
military base in the state of nevada00:22:31
133 kilometers from las vegas the base00:22:34
was opened in00:22:35
1955 but the us government recognized00:22:38
its existence only in 2013 the zone00:22:42
is classified at the bottom and air00:22:45
traffic is prohibited presumably they conduct00:22:47
tests of military apparatus and also00:22:50
experimental projects all this00:22:52
creates a lot of rumors around the zone;00:22:54
supporters of the conspiracy theory believe that it is00:22:57
used for UFO research; it is particularly00:23:00
popular and the mystical place was brought by the00:23:02
previously mentioned series x-files where00:23:05
secret bases with aliens repeatedly appear,00:23:07
there are hypotheses00:23:10
according to which contacts with and affairs are linked with00:23:13
ideas about the existence of such called00:23:15
parallel worlds, these hypotheses00:23:17
try to explain the observed00:23:20
ability of unidentified flying00:23:22
objects to disappear or appear, as well as00:23:25
the ability of creatures whose appearance is00:23:27
connected by prices to pass through walls;00:23:29
another hypothesis, similar to the previous one,00:23:33
says that UFOs are00:23:35
time machines controlled by people of the future and00:23:38
the past; this hypothesis can explain00:23:41
the behavior of UFOs which, if desired, can be00:23:44
interpreted as a fear of coming into00:23:46
contact with people in the event of the sudden00:23:49
appearance and disappearance of objects00:23:51
in front of eyewitnesses, however, the00:23:53
question always remains: who benefits from00:23:55
showing people films and television programs about00:23:58
UFOs, writing books about them and creating00:24:01
government reports? Maybe it’s all about the00:24:04
banal making money on a popular00:24:06
topic or maybe the question is something else in00:24:09
2008 the film Orion Conspiracy appeared and in00:24:13
short the plot tells00:24:16
that 70 percent of the so-called00:24:18
unidentified flying objects were built by00:24:20
people and have nothing to do with00:24:23
aliens after the end of the Second00:24:25
World War using Nazi technology00:24:28
which they obtained as a result of00:24:30
research found technologies of00:24:32
ancient00:24:33
highly developed civilizations were taken over00:24:35
partly by the Americans and partly by the Russians, these00:24:38
and others made every effort00:24:40
to improve and practically00:24:43
use these developments in conditions of the00:24:45
strictest secrecy00:24:47
built by the USA and Russia so-called00:24:49
unidentified flying objects can be00:24:52
used to stage an00:24:54
alien attack on our planet the00:24:57
rest will be taken care of by the00:25:00
media for what purpose when the00:25:02
myth about the threat from international00:25:05
terrorism oriented towards war dissolves to00:25:08
strengthen the economies of the superpowers and above00:25:10
all the United States for further prosperity a00:25:12
new image of the enemy will be required the war on00:25:16
earth will be replaced by a war in space against00:25:18
alien aggressors the truth Is this all00:25:21
or fiction? Everyone decides for himself; it is00:25:24
important to only understand that every00:25:26
event must first00:25:28
look for scientific confirmation;00:25:30
meteorological phenomena; military00:25:33
tests; or banal fatigue; all00:25:35
this, one way or another, can surprise an00:25:38
unprepared person; that is why it is00:25:40
necessary to read good books and00:25:42
develop yourself as a personality so that in the00:25:45
event of something unusual, you know how00:25:48
lucky you are, then the00:25:50
aliens will choose you for contact and mine you.00:25:55
The idea that the sun is the00:25:57
central celestial body around00:25:59
which the earth and other00:26:01
planets revolve seemed fantastic, and00:26:03
today our modern knowledge tells about this to very young children00:26:08
of the universe have come just to that very00:26:11
fantastic barrier, just one00:26:13
glance beyond which can completely00:26:15
change the science of space are we the only00:26:18
living beings in the universe or maybe there is00:26:21
someone else somewhere who is asking00:26:23
similar questions, what if we00:26:26
assume that there is more than one such universe00:26:28
and not two, but a whole set of what laws00:26:31
operate in other worlds and who can00:26:34
inhabit them, let’s figure it out, imagine00:26:37
that the universe we observe from edge00:26:40
to edge is just a drop in the cosmic00:26:42
ocean, that beyond our field of00:26:44
vision there is still space, more stars, more00:26:47
galaxies, even more countless00:26:50
billions of light years further than we will00:26:52
ever be able to see, and although the00:26:55
unobservable universe is large, there are00:26:57
still countless other00:27:00
universes similar to it, some00:27:02
larger and older,00:27:04
some smaller and younger, stretching00:27:07
across vast expanses of00:27:08
space-time, these universes00:27:11
are expanding inevitably quickly but the00:27:13
space-time holding them back00:27:15
expands even faster, separating them00:27:18
further from each other, guaranteeing that00:27:20
no pair of universes will ever00:27:23
meet sounds like science fiction,00:27:25
but this is exactly how scientists see the scientific idea of00:27:28
the multiverse,00:27:29
and how big is the observable00:27:31
universe, we can of course00:27:34
only observe it from the earth for to determine the00:27:36
distance, you need to temporarily multiply00:27:38
the speed of the big explosion happened approximately00:27:41
13 and 8 billion years ago and the speed of00:27:44
light is 3 multiplied by 10 to the00:27:46
eighth power of meters per second, that is,00:27:49
in a year light travels nine and a half00:27:51
billion kilometers by multiplying time and00:27:54
speed we get 1 and 3 multiplied by 1000:27:57
to the 20th power of kilometers or approximately 1300:28:00
and 8 billion light years, this is exactly the00:28:02
distance we can see from00:28:05
our planet through the hatch, your direction is a00:28:07
certain radius of a sphere with the earth in the center, everything is00:28:11
very simple, but is this really the case for00:28:13
the first 380,000 years after the big bang, the00:28:16
universe was smaller and hotter and00:28:19
the temperature was so high that the00:28:21
new particles formed moved00:28:23
too quickly and could not combine, a00:28:25
fourth state of matter arose00:28:28
when, as a result of strong heating,00:28:30
atoms lose their electrons, an00:28:33
ionization process occurs,00:28:34
this state is called plasma,00:28:36
it is from plasma that our sun is made and00:28:39
all the other stars at the beginning, our00:28:41
universe was one big glowing00:28:43
drop of plasma, and only then everything began to00:28:47
gradually cool down, but the main reason for the00:28:49
error in our calculations is the expansion of00:28:52
the universe, from the moment of the big bang,00:28:54
space expands, the entire contents of the00:28:57
universe scatter in different directions,00:28:59
some fragments move away from00:29:02
each other with a speed exceeding the speed of00:29:04
light, at first glance it seems that this00:29:07
simply cannot happen, because the special00:29:09
theory of relativity00:29:11
prohibits this, however,00:29:13
this limitation does not apply to the expansion of space itself,00:29:16
here it is permissible and00:29:18
high speed if we take this00:29:21
factor into account, the situation will immediately become clear,00:29:23
it turns out that an object which, for example,00:29:26
10 billions of years ago and released00:29:28
the light visible to us now, which is00:29:31
at a much greater distance from us because it has00:29:34
always been moving along with the expanding00:29:36
universe, but that’s not all, according to00:29:39
data obtained using the00:29:42
Hubble Space Telescope and other instruments, the00:29:44
universe is expanding with acceleration, that00:29:47
is, faster and faster and faster, according to new00:29:49
calculations that take into account all these factors, the00:29:51
observable universe will00:29:53
be a sphere with a radius of 46 and a half00:29:56
billion light years with the earth in the center00:29:59
from where we observe all this, but the big00:30:02
explosion that happened simultaneously in the entire00:30:05
universe was not the beginning of space and00:30:07
time, but became only the beginning of our00:30:10
observable universe before it there00:30:12
was an era of cosmic inflation00:30:14
in which space expanded and00:30:17
was filled with energy the inherent fabric of00:30:20
space-time inflation works00:30:22
by causing space to expand at an00:30:25
exponential rate everything that00:30:27
existed before the big bang00:30:29
becomes much larger in00:30:31
size at the end of inflation the universe00:30:33
is filled with matter and radiation and00:30:36
this is exactly what we see as a hot big00:30:39
explosion, but what’s strange is that for inflation00:30:41
to end, the quantum field that is00:30:44
responsible for it must move from a00:30:47
high-energy unstable00:30:49
state that signs inflation to an00:30:51
equilibrium state with low energy,00:30:53
this transition and the rolling down the hill of00:30:56
energy into its valley causes00:30:58
inflation end and give rise to a00:31:01
hot big bang therefore00:31:03
where the value of the field will slide down inflation00:31:08
will end in other areas inflation will continue and generate more and00:31:10
more new space hence the00:31:13
phenomenon known as00:31:15
endless inflation occurs where it00:31:17
ends we get a hot00:31:19
big bang and our universe but where there is00:31:21
inflation does not end, an00:31:24
even more00:31:25
expanding space appears, as a result of00:31:27
which they appear both in the area where the hot00:31:30
big explosion when it occurred there00:31:33
will be no reason for it to be connected with our area00:31:35
and in the area where inflation will continue, and00:31:37
so on, it is this picture of huge00:31:41
universes that is much larger in size00:31:43
than that area where we can observe00:31:45
constantly appearing in exponentially00:31:48
expanding space and describes a00:31:51
multi-universe, it is important to understand that00:31:53
the multi-verse itself is not a00:31:55
scientific theory, it does not make00:31:57
predictions of any observable00:31:59
phenomena that we could00:32:01
access from our corner of space00:32:04
instead of this multi- the universe is a00:32:06
theoretical prediction resulting from the00:32:09
laws of physics, we understand them today00:32:11
in the best possible way, perhaps it is an00:32:13
inevitable consequence of these laws, if00:32:16
you have an inflationary universe00:32:18
governed by quantum physics, then you are00:32:21
destined to come to exactly this conclusion,00:32:23
and what then might other00:32:26
universes look like in the 1980s Hawking, together00:32:30
with the American astrophysicist James00:32:32
Hard, he developed a new theory of00:32:34
the origin of the universe, this theory00:32:36
solved one problem but created another00:32:39
or even an infinite number of others in00:32:42
accordance with the theory of Hartley Hawking,00:32:44
some of the parallel universes are00:32:46
similar to ours, in them there are00:32:49
planets similar to the earth, a society similar to ours00:32:52
and even people similar to us, other00:32:54
universes may be slightly different, it00:32:57
may be a planet similar to the earth but00:32:59
preserving the population of dinosaurs, and00:33:02
thirdly, everything may be completely different00:33:04
without the earth, perhaps even without stars and00:33:06
galaxies with different laws of physics, a00:33:09
problem arises here because if00:33:11
there is an infinite number of universes with00:33:14
infinite variations of the laws of physics,00:33:16
then the theory cannot contribute to the00:33:18
understanding of what kind of universe00:33:21
we are in and what its features are in00:33:24
comparison with others, this is precisely the paradox that00:33:28
Hawking tried to solve in his last work together with Professor Thomas00:33:31
Hartigan in accordance with Hawking's theory00:33:33
Herzog, parallel worlds exist, but the00:33:36
laws of physics in them must be the same00:33:38
as in ours, this means that our00:33:40
universe is typical, which means the conclusions00:33:43
that we draw from observing it are also00:33:45
applicable to parallel worlds, but we00:33:48
remember that the idea of a multiverse is00:33:50
just an idea and for now that there is no00:33:52
confirmation of the correctness of certain00:33:54
theories, it is also possible that the00:33:56
same physical laws and constants will not exist in all universes,00:34:01
some universes may have more00:34:04
or less dimensions than ours, we have 4 of them,00:34:07
including time, somewhere there may00:34:09
be strongly and universally00:34:11
manifested magnetic field of some00:34:13
universe may have weaker00:34:15
gravity or other altered00:34:17
fundamental physical quantities,00:34:20
perhaps all and the same brightly lit00:34:23
capable of supporting the life of the universe00:34:25
as ours and dark sterile00:34:27
dimensionless volume and scattered quarks00:34:30
and electrons that will never00:34:32
gather complex matter cosmologist max00:34:35
tech mark proposed the following00:34:36
classification of possible worlds level 100:34:39
worlds outside of our visible00:34:41
universe in them are galactic00:34:43
objects level 2 world with other00:34:45
physical constants for example the world and00:34:48
on other branes in m-theory level 300:34:51
world and arising within the framework of the many world00:34:54
interpretation of quantum mechanics it00:34:56
is intended to explain the traditional 2 000:34:59
experiment where it is shown that light00:35:01
behaves like a wave and like a particle level 4 the00:35:04
final ensemble includes all universes that00:35:07
implement certain mathematical00:35:09
structures regarding the first level of00:35:12
worlds, then the issues we touched on the visible00:35:14
universe and cosmic inflation give a00:35:17
clear and different idea of00:35:18
the multiverse universes00:35:20
arose at different times, but we are limited00:35:23
only by the region of the universe visible to us, but the assumption00:35:26
put forward in string theory00:35:28
about worlds on other branes00:35:30
can be considered in the following example00:35:32
for the models we took a group of universes,00:35:35
each of which had four dimensions,00:35:37
three spatial and one time, and00:35:40
was built in a complete multidimensional00:35:42
space00:35:43
called bulk universe in such a model00:35:46
are called branes, shortened from00:35:49
membrane, universes in brane theory00:35:51
resemble slices of bread in a loaf,00:35:53
matter is tightly bound to its00:35:56
brane, although physicist Brian Greene theory00:35:58
believes that gravity can flow00:36:01
between these branes, although00:36:03
such an assumption is controversial some physicists00:36:05
use it to explain00:36:07
why gravity is the00:36:09
weakest interaction in our00:36:11
universe and perhaps does not even have its00:36:14
own particle that00:36:16
carries this interaction like a photon00:36:18
responsible for electromagnetic forces, the00:36:20
theory of branes can be verified by quite00:36:22
accessible experiments green00:36:24
suggested that when particles collide00:36:26
in the Large Hadron Collider, fragments of00:36:29
protons at high energies can be00:36:31
released into a bank in our00:36:33
space, this will lead to an00:36:35
energy leakage that can be measured, if it00:36:37
turns out that the energy before the collision does not00:36:39
correspond to the energy after the collision,00:36:42
then this will indicate its transition from00:36:44
our universe to the space of a00:36:46
higher dimension in which the00:36:49
brane and in Unlike previous versions of00:36:51
multiverses, the theory of multiple00:36:53
worlds already has experimental00:36:55
proof, although it is somewhat strange,00:36:58
for example, an experiment in which a00:37:00
source emits a stream of electrons in00:37:02
the direction of a screen with two slits, if no00:37:05
one observes the passage of an electron,00:37:07
it exhibits wave properties,00:37:09
that is, it passes through both simultaneously00:37:12
slits and a00:37:14
picture of alternating00:37:16
black and white stripes appears behind the screen, but if you try to00:37:19
detect with the help of instruments00:37:21
which slit the electron passes through, it will begin to00:37:24
behave like a particle in different00:37:26
variations. This experiment was repeated00:37:28
thousands of times and always gave the same00:37:31
results. Moreover, in this model00:37:33
the universe is not separated by a large00:37:35
distance and is not built into a bank,00:37:37
it is believed that they all exist in the so-00:37:40
called Hilbert space of00:37:42
infinite dimension, a complete list of00:37:44
Green's scientifically based hypotheses00:37:46
includes 2 more ideas of00:37:49
multiverses simulation and hologram00:37:51
describe the theory of simulated00:37:53
multiverses relatively easily00:37:55
each universe simulation is completed00:37:58
fragments of code possessing consciousness of00:38:01
such universes can be an infinite00:38:03
number from almost identical to00:38:05
unimaginably different, travel between00:38:08
them can occur both at the will of00:38:10
external intelligence, as if a gamer00:38:12
moved characters from one game to00:38:14
another, and with the help of their own00:38:16
technologies developed by the inhabitants and00:38:19
finally the idea that that our universe is00:38:21
just a hologram first appeared00:38:24
in the 90s and today has00:38:26
as much evidence as the00:38:28
inflation theory; the holographic00:38:31
universe arose as a product of the theory of00:38:33
information transfer; everything that we00:38:35
perceive as three-dimensional reality00:38:37
is actually located on a two-dimensional00:38:39
surface, remember holograms on00:38:42
bank cards on maps, the object in the picture00:38:44
seems three-dimensional, but at the same time we00:38:46
perceive it as two-dimensional, if00:38:49
the object on the hologram, for example, a bird,00:38:51
had consciousness,00:38:52
it would believe that it is in a three-dimensional00:38:55
environment, it turns out that our physical00:38:57
reality is actually located, or more00:39:00
precisely encoded, on the border of a smaller00:39:02
dimension, and what we see in a hologram00:39:05
has 3 dimensions the surface that we00:39:07
reflect is far away for example at the00:39:10
edge of the universe in its essence this is a00:39:12
fairly simple concept00:39:14
made up of just two universes00:39:16
real and reflected go to the00:39:19
edge of the universe and you will encounter your00:39:21
real self traveling00:39:24
towards you and finally let's look at the00:39:26
theory called final ensemble it00:39:29
includes all universes that implement00:39:31
certain mathematical structures00:39:33
a universe in which there is nothing a universe00:39:36
with an absurd number of spatial00:39:39
dimensions a universe in the form of cheese a00:39:41
universe in which only the00:39:43
laws of Newtonian mechanics work and which,00:39:45
according to Green, is filled with solid00:39:48
billiard balls the difference between the00:39:50
universes in this model number00:39:52
mathematical in our universe there is00:39:54
its own set of mathematical00:39:56
laws, in an attempt to understand why this is so, the00:39:59
hypothesis of a mathematical universe was born,00:40:02
which is called a finite00:40:04
ensemble, it is assumed that the world and the00:40:08
physical constants00:40:11
or completely different mathematical00:40:12
equations corresponding to different sets of initial states can be considered as00:40:14
equally real, however it is rather00:40:17
philosophical than the cosmological version of00:40:20
the multiverse so that whatever the00:40:22
other universes are, sooner or later we00:40:24
will find out about this what00:40:27
Kepler Copernicus and Bruno once did for science in00:40:29
our time they continue to do00:40:32
Andrey Linde Brian Greene Stephen Hawking and00:40:35
many other scientists perhaps in in00:40:37
some other universe, someone is00:40:39
also working on these questions, time00:40:42
will tell,00:40:44
living on our home planet, many of us do not00:40:47
often think about the fact that somewhere00:40:50
outside the solar system there are other00:40:53
stars around which other00:40:56
planets revolve, for a long time the task of discovering00:40:58
such planets remained unresolved00:41:01
since they are extremely small and dim00:41:04
compared to the stars and the stars themselves00:41:06
are far from the sun, but today00:41:09
our scientific methods allow us to discover00:41:12
them almost one by one, so00:41:14
right now our space00:41:16
journey offers to find out which of them are00:41:19
the most interesting of the discovered exoplanets00:41:22
and to begin with, a little background00:41:25
exoplanets or extrasolar00:41:27
planets are called planets that do not00:41:30
belong to the sun; they are located00:41:32
outside the solar system, revolving00:41:35
around their own luminaries in our00:41:37
galaxy, the number of exoplanets00:41:40
is estimated at 100 to 20000:41:42
billion, and of these there00:41:44
can be from five to 200 billion planets similar to the earth twenty00:41:47
billion more than 5000 exoplanets discovered to00:41:50
date can be00:41:52
divided into three main groups:00:41:55
gas giants such as Jupiter and00:41:58
Saturn,00:41:59
ice giants like Neptune and Uranus,00:42:02
and rocky super-Earths, examples of which00:42:04
are not in our solar system; there is also a00:42:07
fourth group, the smallest,00:42:10
which includes small terrestrial planets00:42:13
such as earth and mars historical the00:42:16
first statement about the possibility of the00:42:19
existence of planetary systems around another00:42:22
star other than the sun was a message made in00:42:25
1855 by captain jacob00:42:29
astronomer madras sky observatory in the00:42:32
late 80s of the twentieth century, many00:42:35
groups of astronomers began00:42:37
systematically measuring the velocities of00:42:39
nearby to the sun of stars seeing a00:42:41
special search for exoplanets using00:42:44
high-precision spectrometers the very first00:42:47
exoplanet was discovered in the early 90s and00:42:50
since then the speed of their discovery00:42:53
has increased many times and all thanks to the00:42:55
launch of the Kepler space telescope in00:42:59
2009 it was he who found the most00:43:02
confirmed exoplanets list of00:43:05
reliable ones candidates contained00:43:07
2740 objects and most of them00:43:10
are close to us from a cosmic00:43:12
point of view, which speaks of an incomprehensible00:43:15
number of worlds that are still not00:43:18
discovered, it is obvious that Kepler saw only a00:43:20
mall part of the earth of similar planets and in00:43:23
fact somewhere there are closer ones00:43:26
how little is observed part,00:43:29
firstly, the probability of the correct00:43:31
orientation of the orbit is given by a multiplier of 1 to00:43:34
two hundred; secondly, Kepler saw only00:43:36
one thousandth of the sky, really itself and00:43:39
abundantly, he looked along the nearest00:43:42
galactic arm; the easiest way00:43:44
to find planets with a large mass is00:43:46
because they change the brightness of their stars more strongly00:43:49
when they pass across the disk This is a00:43:51
change in the brightness of the star and was recorded by the00:43:54
apparatus; therefore, most of the discovered00:43:57
objects are more massive than Jupiter; smaller parts00:44:00
of them are close in mass to Saturn and only00:44:02
very few are similar to the earth; if00:44:05
the planet is very far from its star,00:44:07
then it is almost impossible to identify it for00:44:09
upcoming missions such as the00:44:12
launch of the Nancy Grace telescope in the novel space00:44:15
telescope will help00:44:17
expand the search area and the recently00:44:19
launched orbital infrared00:44:22
observatory James Web will help00:44:24
astronomers study already00:44:26
known planets in more detail our first candidate00:44:29
exoplanet you at 12 b orbiting a00:44:33
yellow dwarf in the constellation00:44:35
Auriga thanks to its extremely00:44:38
close orbit around its host star you00:44:41
at 12 b has one of the lowest00:44:44
densities among all exoplanets discovered00:44:46
in 2017, using the00:44:49
Hubble Space Telescope,00:44:51
researchers discovered that this planet00:44:53
reflects almost all the light that fell on00:44:56
its surface, resulting in it00:44:59
looking like a pitch-black planet, but the00:45:02
planet play00:45:04
1620 26b is commonly known as00:45:08
Genesis Planet is possibly the oldest00:45:11
exoplanet we have discovered to00:45:14
date, studies have shown00:45:16
that the planet is about 12 and 7 billion years old,00:45:19
it was formed just one00:45:22
billion after the big bang,00:45:23
located in the constellation Scorpius at a00:45:26
distance of 12 thousand 400 light years from00:45:29
earth, this is an old planet orbiting00:45:31
two pulsar stars and a white00:45:34
dwarf another interesting exoplanet00:45:37
glass and 436 b is a hot planet00:45:40
the size of Neptune orbiting a00:45:43
red dwarf type MB2 planetary00:45:46
star system at a distance of 3300:45:49
light years from earth for c 436 b has00:45:53
one of the smallest orbital radii00:45:56
and mass among of all exo00:45:58
planets discovered and was surpassed only by the even00:46:01
smaller Kepler planets that were00:46:03
discovered later, various studies00:46:06
suggest the existence of burning ice00:46:08
beneath its surface, scientists believe that00:46:11
under the enormous pressure between its00:46:13
rocky core and the crust, a00:46:16
significant amount of water was buried, the pressure00:46:18
was so enormous that it00:46:20
actually turned in solid ice00:46:23
a little further in space at a00:46:25
distance of 60 4 light years from us in the00:46:28
constellation Chanterelle there is a beautiful00:46:31
bright blue exoplanet, but do not rush to00:46:34
enjoy this beauty and hd00:46:37
1897 33 b orbits its parent00:46:40
star every two and two days with an00:46:43
orbital speed of one hundred and fifty two00:46:45
and a half kilometers per second which00:46:47
makes it a hot Jupiter with poor00:46:50
prospects for life this gas00:46:52
giant has the nickname glass planet00:46:55
this glass planet00:46:58
is actually an extremely dangerous sign00:47:00
weather on hd 189 733 by deadly winds00:47:05
consisting of silicate particles blowing at a00:47:08
speed of 8 thousand seven hundred kilometers per00:47:11
hour it rains from molten glass,00:47:14
it is daytime and carbon monoxide is detected on the side, we00:47:17
will continue the parade of our planets with the super00:47:20
earth co2 141 by which is one and a half times00:47:23
larger than the earth in radius and 5 times in00:47:26
mass, it acquires its orange star00:47:29
in the constellation Aquarius in just 7 hours and due to its00:47:32
proximity to it, it always looks at00:47:34
it with one side heated to 300000:47:37
degrees Celsius and filled with an ocean of00:47:40
liquid magma with a depth of about 10000:47:42
kilometers, and on the other side00:47:45
minus 200 degrees due to such a difference,00:47:48
hot vapors of sodium and00:47:51
silicon oxides essentially rush and evaporated stones00:47:53
from the day side to the night side00:47:56
at a speed of more than 5000 kilometers per hour,00:47:59
there they fall in the form of rains, after00:48:01
which the silicon oxides slowly flow00:48:04
back into the magma ocean and the sodium00:48:07
remains and accumulates. The hot place00:48:10
also looks hot and Kepler 78 b is00:48:14
the main thing you should know about this planet00:48:16
and it should not exist at all, at00:48:19
least the modern understanding of the00:48:21
origin and evolution of planets00:48:24
does not imply such a case to its star,00:48:26
the exoplanet is too close,00:48:29
only 9 hundred thousand kilometers; for00:48:32
comparison, our hot Mercury00:48:35
approaches the sun by at least 4600:48:38
million kilometers theoretically in the00:48:40
era when the planet was formed, a00:48:43
young star should have been00:48:45
somewhat larger, it turns out Kepler 78 b00:48:48
appeared inside the star, this is of course not00:48:51
possible, most likely it came closer to it00:48:54
later, but how and why this happened is00:48:56
still completely unclear, the00:48:59
planet Kepler 78 b itself is slightly larger than00:49:02
the earth, however, because of the star its neighbors,00:49:05
the conditions on it are far from those on Earth,00:49:07
the temperature on the surface is estimated00:49:10
to be two thousand 400 degrees00:49:13
Celsius, however, this short-lived nearby00:49:16
star is gradually pulling the planet towards00:49:18
itself and will completely absorb it in the next00:49:21
two three billion years, but the planet 5500:49:25
Cancer and Jansen is even more surprising, it00:49:28
belongs to the class super earth and eight00:49:31
times more massive than the earth itself was discovered in00:49:34
2004 using the Doppler method and in 2011 the00:49:38
Bridge telescope clarified its characteristics00:49:41
using the transit method. The main00:49:43
feature of this planet is that due to the00:49:45
high carbon content in the composition of the00:49:47
parent star in the bowels of this00:49:50
planet also contains many00:49:52
varieties of it, including huge00:49:55
deposits of diamonds, which is00:49:56
why it was quickly nicknamed the diamond00:49:59
planet. It is also interesting because it00:50:01
is so close to its00:50:03
star that it rotates in just 1700:50:06
hours, and the tide is connected00:50:09
to the star. only one00:50:11
part of the planet is always rotated, which leads to an absolutely00:50:13
fantastic phenomenon: the bright half of the00:50:16
planet is always molten and those00:50:19
in the shadow are solid, but perhaps the most00:50:22
unusual fate awaits the future planet,00:50:24
still a star in the GSN 069 galaxy,00:50:29
in about a trillion years it can00:50:31
turn into a planet similar to Jupiter00:50:34
thanks to infinite approach to the00:50:36
black hole, it turned out when00:50:38
astronomers noticed bright X-ray00:50:40
bursts every 9 hours, it turned out00:50:43
that this star rotating in a unique00:50:46
spear graphic orbit around the black00:50:49
hole, the flashes were caused by the substance00:50:51
that splashed out from the surface of the00:50:53
star every time it rushed00:50:56
past the black hole for several millions of00:50:58
years, the star has turned from a red00:51:00
giant to a white dwarf, if you give it00:51:03
another trillion years it will cool down so much00:51:06
that it can turn into a planet, but00:51:09
let's leave these hellish places and00:51:12
try to find something more suitable00:51:14
for life for the first time in the history of00:51:16
deep space exploration December 5, 201100:51:20
year, scientists were able to confirm00:51:22
the existence of00:51:23
an exoplanet similar to the Earth; this00:51:25
statement was made by NASA experts; the celestial00:51:28
body Kepler 22b orbits a00:51:31
star comparable in parameters to the00:51:34
sun; its radius is two and four times00:51:37
greater than that of the Earth, and most importantly, it00:51:39
is located in the habitable zone, that is, the00:51:42
planet00:51:43
has favorable conditions for00:51:45
existence of water in a liquid state, the00:51:48
period of revolution of Kepler 22b around its00:51:51
native star is 290 Earth days;00:51:54
unfortunately, it is not yet possible to establish for certain00:51:56
whether the planet is a rocky liquid00:51:59
surface or consists entirely of00:52:01
gases;00:52:04
another pleasant-looking earth-like00:52:07
planet has become Kepler 16 49 these00:52:10
beautiful dwarfs in the constellation Cygnus,00:52:13
three hundred and two light years away from us, it is00:52:15
just a little larger than the Earth, it00:52:18
makes a revolution around the star in 19 and a00:52:20
half Earth days and receives00:52:23
seventy-four percent of the Earth’s heat from it; the00:52:25
equilibrium temperature on the planet is about00:52:28
minus 40 degrees;00:52:30
however, life there is undoubtedly00:52:33
another of the most Earth-like00:52:35
exoplanets its sister Kepler 1649 b00:52:39
is similar to Venus but forget about all the00:52:43
exoplanets at large distances00:52:45
here we have a planet that00:52:47
possibly supports life and is00:52:50
only four light years away00:52:52
located in the habitable zone of its main00:52:55
star Proxima b is one of00:52:58
the most sought-after exo planets among00:53:00
astronomers around the world, this planet00:53:04
was discovered in 2016 by astronomers from the European00:53:07
Southern Observatory in the red00:53:09
dwarf system Proxima Centauri, the closest00:53:11
star to the sun. It is assumed that00:53:14
Proxima b is a rocky planet00:53:16
the size of our blue ball and00:53:18
potentially it could be suitable for00:53:21
colonization first scientists believed that00:53:23
the conditions on it were too harsh for00:53:26
the existence of life, but new00:53:28
research has shown that with a00:53:30
high probability there00:53:32
may even be liquid water on the exoplanet closest to us,00:53:35
with current technological00:53:37
development it is theoretically00:53:40
possible to reach it in six thousand three hundred years if00:53:43
we take it as a starting point the maximum00:53:45
speed of the Parker solar probe that00:53:48
it will develop when it reaches the sun, the00:53:50
spacecraft will move at a00:53:52
speed of 200 kilometers per second,00:53:55
which is equal to 67 thousandths of the speed of light, by00:53:59
2060, the ninth year of us and hopes to00:54:02
develop a device that can00:54:04
fly there in just over 40 years00:54:07
for this it will have to be accelerated to a00:54:08
speed only 10 times less than the speed of00:54:11
light, and while we continue to observe00:54:14
exoplanets only through our telescopes, we00:54:16
can conclude that, in00:54:19
principle, a person can set foot on an exoplanet00:54:21
if a person arrives there seeing a00:54:23
frozen embryo and is00:54:26
somehow grown there but to do this, it is necessary00:54:29
to solve a huge number of issues;00:54:31
show the question why all this is necessary; you00:54:33
can remember Konstantin Tsiolkovsky00:54:35
and Stephen Hawking, who spoke in the00:54:38
spirit that humanity without expansion00:54:41
into space is doomed, bearing in mind the00:54:42
historical time scale in a00:54:45
broader sense, this is in order to open up00:54:47
new prospects for the evolution and00:54:50
expansion of our life,00:55:04
hello, dear viewers of our00:55:06
channel, have you ever wondered what00:55:09
energy means for people, electrical or00:55:12
thermal, atomic or mechanical, the00:55:14
answer will be one00:55:17
energy equals life without energy,00:55:19
humanity will not be able to develop and00:55:22
even risks extinction as a species,00:55:24
other civilizations are possible In an attempt to answer00:55:27
this question, they found a way to obtain00:55:29
energy, thereby ensuring their00:55:31
existence. Based on this00:55:33
assumption, an international team of00:55:35
astronomers from National00:55:37
Tsinghua University presented a study00:55:40
theoretically predicting that highly00:55:43
developed civilizations are able to00:55:45
use the so-called00:55:47
Dyson spheres around black holes to obtain00:55:50
powerful energy, but before for us00:55:52
to try to build such installations, it00:55:54
would be nice to know what a00:55:56
Dyson sphere is in general, we suggest that we do not00:55:58
put the matter off indefinitely and00:56:00
deal with it right now. In00:56:03
1960, the American theoretical physicist00:56:06
Freeman Dyson published an article in00:56:08
which he suggested that a technologically00:56:11
advanced civilization had already begun a00:56:14
full-scale line of its stellar00:56:16
system could build at a distance of00:56:19
about two astronomical units from the00:56:21
star a solid sphere designed to00:56:23
collect radiation from this star and00:56:26
produce energy according to Dyson’s calculations, the00:56:28
sphere would completely hide the star from00:56:31
external observation and the temperature of the00:56:33
outer surface of the sphere could00:56:35
be up to 300 kelvins, that is to00:56:37
astronomers from another planet, such as00:56:39
earth, it would seem that the star emits00:56:42
energy in the deep infrared00:56:44
microwave spectrum, which makes00:56:46
it stand out strongly against the background of other stars.00:56:48
Dyson formulated this hypothesis in00:56:50
the context of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence; they,00:56:53
as an energy project, he00:56:55
believed that the search for such infrared00:56:58
stars could be a more promising00:57:00
path to civilized contact than00:57:02
attempts to exchange radio signals, we also00:57:05
note that the term Dyson sphere first00:57:08
appeared precisely in00:57:10
1964 and was suggested by Nikolai00:57:13
Semyonovich Kardashev, a Soviet and00:57:15
Russian scientist in the field of00:57:17
experimental and theoretical00:57:19
astrophysics and radio astronomy, in his work of00:57:23
transmitting information by extraterrestrial00:57:25
civilizations,00:57:26
Dyson himself admitted that the idea00:57:29
was inspired by the science fiction novel of Olaf00:57:31
Stapleton, and the creator of the stars, the scientist, believed00:57:34
that such megastructures would be able to00:57:37
convert the captured00:57:39
solar energy into the form needed by civilization,00:57:42
however, this process00:57:44
will inevitably be accompanied by heat losses;00:57:46
in the simplest case, this heat will manifest00:57:49
itself from afar in the infrared spectrum, so00:57:52
stars with excess infrared00:57:55
radiation may become a key target00:57:57
in the search for an extraterrestrial civilization,00:58:00
Freeman Dyson wrote about this in his article, the00:58:02
search for artificial stellar sources of00:58:05
infrared radiation, published in the00:58:08
journal Saints,00:58:09
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky also00:58:11
proposed inhabited space colonies,00:58:14
but not in the shape of a sphere, but in the shape of a pyramid or00:58:17
cone, deployed with a transparent base00:58:20
towards the sun with plants and00:58:23
inhabitants located on the walls of00:58:25
the cone, the so-called ethereal cities,00:58:28
what does the Dyson sphere have to do with it, and despite the fact that in00:58:30
his diary he depicted these cones00:58:33
precisely united in an ordered00:58:35
network with the help of certain beams or cables00:58:38
passing through the center and these objects and00:58:41
perhaps in the distant future, our descendants will00:58:44
build a huge energy station around the sun00:58:47
called a00:58:49
Dyson sphere, which will absorb stellar00:58:52
energy and direct it for the benefit of00:58:54
man, but for this project it is necessary to00:58:56
meet certain conditions, so the sphere00:58:59
can be made in the following00:59:01
variations of the swarm, let's start with the original00:59:04
version of the Dyson swarm closest to the00:59:06
concept put forward by the scientist himself, it00:59:09
looks like a set of autonomous00:59:11
ships powered by solar energy00:59:14
that will be located around the star,00:59:16
independent of each other, thereby forming00:59:19
something like a sphere, if the word00:59:22
simpler is generally appropriate here, then a00:59:25
Dyson swarm is easiest to build, all00:59:27
elements can be arranged gradually and00:59:30
calculating their number will also be00:59:32
easy bubble the following type of sphere00:59:35
Dyson bubble such a building may00:59:37
represent a modified00:59:40
Dyson swarm such rings will no longer hang00:59:42
in the orbit of the star will cool down and the00:59:44
peculiar statute of my satellites00:59:47
using radiation pressure to00:59:49
impede its enormous00:59:52
gravitational force these structures will not00:59:54
rotate around this and not collide00:59:56
with each other they must be absolutely00:59:59
motionless engineers of course cast01:00:01
great doubt on the practicality of such a01:00:04
structure but do not exclude its01:00:06
possibility shell if you have ever01:00:09
seen an artistic depiction of a01:00:12
Dyson sphere then most likely it was that01:00:15
very shell with a solid coating around01:00:18
stars, this design would allow01:00:20
intercepting 100 pro center of solar01:00:22
energy and it would also be a huge01:00:25
surface for life if it01:00:27
could be suitable for this at all; the01:00:29
Dyson sphere video shell would have a radius of01:00:32
one astronomical unit, which01:00:34
means that inside it would receive01:00:37
almost the same amount of light how much01:00:39
earth now it is necessary to note that although a01:00:41
Dyson sphere is not an analogue of a star or01:00:44
a planet, it in a sense01:00:46
uses 1 and replaces the second by a01:00:50
Dyson sphere one can understand not only a01:00:52
sphere or a shell, but any structure, the01:00:55
main thing is that this structure is01:00:57
large-scale and intercepts a significant01:00:59
part of the sun's radiation they are thousandths of a01:01:02
percent as existing in our01:01:04
system of planets and of course the Italian01:01:06
Marsilio Ficino in the 15th century could not01:01:10
come up with the concept of a Dyson sphere, he01:01:12
lacked knowledge and simply dreamed of01:01:14
creating a semblance of natural celestial bodies,01:01:17
but nevertheless it was he who was able to01:01:19
identify three in his short text01:01:22
of the four main problems in creating a01:01:25
Dyson sphere civilization, the first is the method01:01:28
of creation, how in some way can you01:01:31
create a sphere with a radius of 50,250 million01:01:35
kilometers, the second means of creation,01:01:37
what tools can you use to create such a01:01:39
sphere without harming yourself and01:01:42
your entire system, the third is the material for01:01:44
creation, the very celestial material01:01:47
that determines by its presence,01:01:48
quantity and quality, the very possibility of01:01:51
creating such a sphere, as well as the methods and01:01:54
speed of construction, the third01:01:57
location, which must be determined01:01:59
in advance before construction, so that later it does not01:02:02
turn out that the presence of a sphere in this01:02:04
place only complicates the life of civilization01:02:06
or is simply dangerous for its system;01:02:08
in general, the shape of the element should to be01:02:10
simple and easy to assemble, the plane of the01:02:13
element must have a concavity in order to01:02:16
capture light on energy receivers, the01:02:18
center of mass of the element must coincide with the01:02:20
geometric center for ease of01:02:23
towing and orientation, this is all01:02:25
intuitive, then the star01:02:28
will be able to provide civilization with the01:02:29
necessary fuel for a long time, in addition to a colossal01:02:32
source of energy in the case of building a01:02:34
sphere around a black hole, the hole itself01:02:37
will also be an ideal place for dumping01:02:39
all the waste of created civilizations; this01:02:42
results in another plus, but this is all in01:02:46
theory; in practice, the disadvantages01:02:48
due to the nature of orbital01:02:50
mechanics will make it difficult to arrange the orbits of01:02:53
elements; the simplest of the proposed01:02:55
arrangements is the Dyson ring and in01:02:58
which all structures have one and the same01:03:01
orbit, more complex patterns with01:03:03
more rings will intercept01:03:05
more radiation from the star, well, will lead to the01:03:08
fact that some structures01:03:10
will periodically outshine others01:03:12
when their orbits overlap. Another01:03:15
potential problem01:03:16
is that there is an increasing01:03:19
loss of orbital stability when01:03:21
adding more elements01:03:24
increases the likelihood of orbital01:03:26
disturbances,01:03:27
which can completely destroy the entire01:03:29
structure; of course, the main problem01:03:31
is not only the construction but also the maintenance of01:03:34
such a colossal structure in working01:03:36
condition; the shell itself must01:03:38
be located from the star at approximately the01:03:41
same distance as the earth is from the01:03:43
sun; therefore, the amount of01:03:45
materials required for creation is even01:03:47
relatively a thin shell layer01:03:50
will be truly cosmic; some01:03:52
astronomers suggest that to create01:03:55
one Dyson sphere we will have to01:03:57
completely dismantle Mercury and01:03:59
Venus and possibly also the asteroid belt;01:04:02
unfortunately, this could upset the01:04:04
delicate gravitational balance of the01:04:07
solar system and lead to a shift in01:04:09
orbits, which could result in a01:04:11
collision of large celestial bodies with01:04:14
each other, there are many other01:04:16
problems, for example, the construction and01:04:18
maintenance of the shell itself, as well as01:04:21
the elimination of the endless damage that01:04:23
asteroids and comets will regularly cause01:04:25
precisely for these and other reasons,01:04:28
for the Ottomans, an astronomer from the Free01:04:30
University of Tbilisi believes that there will01:04:33
never be a Dyson sphere brought to01:04:36
life by the way, I published it01:04:38
last year in the international journal of01:04:40
astrobiology and Manov claims that01:04:43
the project of the sphere itself is not realistic01:04:46
and instead we should expect from a highly01:04:49
developed civilization the construction of01:04:52
Dyson rings of a stripped-down version of the sphere of the idea of01:04:55
building something grandiose01:04:57
outside the atmosphere regularly visits01:04:59
hot heads today with such projects an01:05:01
American entrepreneur is running around the01:05:03
owner of Amazon and a great enthusiast of01:05:06
space flights and Joseph Bazos his01:05:08
ambitions are somewhat more modest than a01:05:11
Dyson sphere the philanthropist wants guns between the01:05:13
earth and the moon the so-called01:05:16
O'Neill cylinder this design should have a01:05:18
diameter of one and a half kilometers and create an01:05:20
artificial gravity due to01:05:23
rotation, Elon Musk called this idea senseless01:05:26
and compared it with the project of building the United States01:05:29
in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.01:05:32
Musk's own plans also do not always look01:05:34
realistic, but here it is difficult to disagree with him01:05:36
while humanity flies into01:05:39
space on extremely inefficient chemical01:05:41
engines and gets the lion's share01:05:43
energy from burning fossil fuels in01:05:45
serious projects outside the01:05:48
atmosphere it is better to forget, given the full01:05:51
set of observatories that have examined01:05:54
the sky, it is relatively safe01:05:57
to say that we have not yet found a single01:06:00
Dyson sphere at the present time, perhaps01:06:03
somewhere there are intelligent01:06:05
aliens using all the energy of01:06:07
their stars entirely and creating huge01:06:10
trans planetary empires, but there is01:06:13
0 evidence of this, only01:06:16
one reasonable conclusion can be drawn: our galaxy,01:06:19
as far as we can judge, does not have these01:06:22
giant alien structures; in01:06:25
any case, at the current stage of01:06:26
technological development of mankind,01:06:28
the construction of a Dyson sphere is absolutely01:06:31
impossible; we do not have materials,01:06:33
energy sources and knowledge necessary01:06:36
to create an object with a radius of 15001:06:40
million kilometers, there are no devices01:06:42
capable of delivering into space; the01:06:44
structures are huge; for the implementation of such a mega01:06:46
project, a colossal01:06:48
amount of substance is needed, and we are01:06:50
not even talking about the mass of the asteroid belt, but about01:06:53
using for the construction of entire01:06:55
planets, so for now we continue01:06:58
to develop along the way, exploring the depths01:07:00
of our universe;01:07:02
we have seen Is it really a dark night01:07:05
when you can’t even see your hand? Of course it’s01:07:08
dark, as the proverb says, even if you01:07:11
poke out your eyes, it’s quite possible on earth, but01:07:14
imagine real pitch01:07:16
darkness when the nearest light source01:07:19
is located hundreds of01:07:22
millions of light years away from you, imagine then you01:07:24
think that you found in the universe howling01:07:28
bootes white or bootes void this is an01:07:31
interesting cosmic anomaly that01:07:34
was discovered only 40 years ago01:07:37
this area was discovered in01:07:39
1981 by astronomer Robert Kirchner01:07:43
about a unique object if one can01:07:46
say so about something great in our universe the01:07:49
scientist told his work a void of a01:07:52
million cubic The01:07:53
megaparsec in La Paz01:07:56
is a huge spherical region with a01:07:59
diameter of approximately 300 million01:08:01
light years in which scientists, using the01:08:04
most modern instruments and methods,01:08:06
managed to count only 60 galaxies; it is01:08:11
very difficult to imagine the scale of such distances, but let’s try to01:08:14
give examples if we01:08:17
place a person in the center of the void, then01:08:19
he would have been able to see the nearest stars and galaxies only in01:08:22
super-large telescopes of the second half of the01:08:25
twentieth century, the American astronomer and01:08:28
popularizer of science Greg Oldiering01:08:30
gives the following example: if galaxies were placed in the volume of the01:08:33
emptiness of a bootes with the01:08:36
density with which they are distributed01:08:38
on average throughout the universe, then they01:08:41
would fit there no less than 10 thousand, but01:08:45
we have already said above that in fact there are01:08:47
only 60 of them. Bootes howls is one of the01:08:51
largest voids in the universe, it is sometimes01:08:54
called a01:08:56
super void, it is located in the constellation01:08:58
Bootes, a constellation in the01:08:59
northern hemisphere of the sky, according01:09:02
to the American astronomer Gregory01:09:05
Oldie Ring, the scale of the woad is as follows that if the01:09:08
milky way were at its center01:09:11
we would not have known about the existence of other01:09:14
galaxies until the01:09:16
1960s since the initial01:09:19
discovery of this void, astronomers have created01:09:22
more detailed maps of our universe01:09:25
and they have also discovered that galaxies in01:09:27
space are arranged like a huge web,01:09:30
most of them are located in long01:09:33
structures or filaments that01:09:35
extend through space when these filaments01:09:38
meet they create regions of01:09:41
high concentration of galaxies01:09:44
called clusters galactic01:09:47
filament it is the largest observable01:09:49
cosmic structure in the universe form01:09:52
mityai of galaxies with an average length of 16001:09:56
260 million light years lying between01:09:59
wars with large voids according to the01:10:02
standard model of the evolution of the universe,01:10:05
galactic particles are formed and follow01:10:08
along the city of prominent streams of dark matter,01:10:10
it is assumed that this dark matter is01:10:13
responsible for the macro structure of the01:10:15
universe, dark matter gravitationally01:10:18
attracts boiled matter and01:10:21
astronomers observe this ordinary matter in the01:10:24
form of walls and threads from galactic01:10:27
superclusters between these threads01:10:30
exist huge voids or wars in the01:10:33
Russian interpretation, the name of these01:10:36
areas in which there are almost no galaxies,01:10:39
scientists believe that these voids occupy01:10:42
about 80 percent of the visible universe,01:10:45
most of these warriors have a diameter of01:10:47
30 to 300 million light years, it01:10:51
is assumed that there may01:10:54
be dark energy inside, and about that01:10:56
galactic clouds, in addition, according to01:10:58
data published in 2014,01:11:02
astronomers from the University of Pennsylvania01:11:04
discovered small distortions in the01:11:07
directions of light propagation01:11:09
created presumably by dark01:11:12
matter, how could01:11:15
such an anomalous object appear in the universe, because it has long been01:11:17
known that nature abhors a vacuum,01:11:20
there is a theory about the formation of the01:11:23
bootes void as a result mergers of smaller01:11:26
voids, this explains the small number of01:11:29
galaxies inhabiting an elongated region01:11:32
near the middle of the void; unfortunately, none01:11:35
of the existing theories of01:11:37
the origin of our universe in any way01:11:40
explains the existence of01:11:42
voids; yes, of course, scientists today know voids that are much01:11:45
smaller in size by tens of times, and01:11:48
the mechanism of their formation is completely clear;01:11:51
computer calculations and observations01:11:53
confirm the conclusion that the cellular01:11:56
structure of the universe arose from the01:11:58
initial Gaussian field perturbation of01:12:01
density and01:12:03
spatial fluctuations in the speed and01:12:06
density of matter increasing over time under the influence of gravitational forces,01:12:08
but with a giant void in the01:12:11
constellation Bootes, a computer model01:12:13
built on known assumptions01:12:16
does not work, however, hypotheses about the01:12:19
nature of this voids are expressed with01:12:22
enviable consistency.01:12:23
One of the most radical and therefore01:12:26
frightening theories can be considered the hypothesis about the01:12:29
man-made origin of the void. According to the01:12:32
assumption of some scientists, the01:12:34
supercivilizations that appeared at the dawn of the01:12:36
formation of the universe could well have01:12:39
reached such a level of development that they01:12:41
have learned to literally pump out energy01:12:44
from the surrounding space, which would01:12:47
lead to the formation of a huge01:12:49
volume of almost ideal vacuum, let's briefly01:12:52
go through the theory of extraterrestrial01:12:54
civilizations. Soviet astronomer Kardashev01:12:57
divided possible extraterrestrial civilizations01:13:00
into three types based on the energy they01:13:03
use. civilizations of the first type01:13:06
use the resources of their home planet; civilizations of the01:13:09
2nd type use the energy of the star around01:13:12
which their planet revolves; civilizations of the01:13:15
3rd type use The energy of the galaxy has01:13:18
now been added to theoretical models by01:13:21
civilizations of types 4 and above, which01:13:25
can now freely operate not only with01:13:28
clusters of galaxies01:13:29
and the universe, the earth is not, as you understand, a01:13:32
classical civilization of the first01:13:35
type because solar panels cannot be01:13:38
called an effective way of processing01:13:40
the energy of a star, but aliens at a01:13:43
high level of development they should01:13:45
use astra engineering technologies,01:13:48
for example, build so-called01:13:51
Dyson spheres what hypothetical scenarios01:13:53
are possible in our case in the void of01:13:56
the bootes there was once or is life on the01:13:59
second level the local civilization began to01:14:02
consume the energy of the star at some01:14:04
point the civilization could be enslaved by01:14:06
artificial intelligence and the01:14:09
uncontrolled seizure of neighboring objects began,01:14:11
now the emptiness of the bootes can01:14:14
expand uncontrollably, absorbed by the01:14:16
exorbitant appetite of artificial01:14:19
intelligence, or the civilization itself01:14:21
is absorbing stars and galaxies one after01:14:24
another, just what do they need this energy for if01:14:26
in parallel they do not create any01:14:29
visible objects, of course, any scenarios01:14:31
with extraterrestrial civilizations by default it01:14:34
is hypothetical, but accumulating01:14:37
knowledge, even theoretically, is01:14:40
already worth it now, the better we will be ready for a01:14:43
possible meeting; space anomalies01:14:45
need to be investigated, and after all, any01:14:47
strong deviation from the norm can01:14:50
indicate possible problems;01:14:52
this is what at one time helped our01:14:55
ancestors to survive; they reacted sensitively on01:14:57
what is happening, all these strange deviations01:15:00
from the norm are possibly accidental, or perhaps there is a01:15:03
predator sitting there on an invited guest or, at01:15:06
best, a friend, be that as it may, the howling of a bootie is probably the01:15:08
most ideal01:15:11
vacuum in space, the effects of which are01:15:14
also worth paying attention to; they would rarely be01:15:16
encountered if not only stones and dusty01:15:18
and various kinds of particles for01:15:20
the interaction of particles in this huge01:15:23
void may take eons if this is01:15:26
possible there at all; the extremely low01:15:29
density of matter in this region of01:15:31
space means that when01:15:33
some kind of nejtrino structure gets into it,01:15:35
for example, on one side it will01:15:38
look like absolutely also at the exit01:15:40
hundreds of millions of years later the same01:15:42
goes for photons particles of matter with01:15:45
much greater mass than nejtrino &01:15:47
photons will be naturally01:15:50
attracted to the edges of the void because of this01:15:53
property of conservation of state introduces the01:15:55
bootes one day can be considered as an01:15:58
ideal time capsule one can say01:16:01
that the discovery is beyond void has greatly01:16:03
influenced traditional cosmological01:16:06
thinking since then, astronomers have01:16:08
repeatedly revised their01:16:10
understanding of the formation of galaxies given01:16:13
what is known about the extremely uneven01:16:15
distribution of matter in the universe,01:16:18
after all, white bootes is another01:16:21
modest reminder of the boundlessness of01:16:23
space, the universe we see is01:16:26
unimaginably huge for our01:16:28
understanding and our place in it is surprisingly01:16:31
small and insignificantly a microscopic01:16:34
flash in a gigantic space, but no01:16:37
matter how lonely we may seem01:16:39
to ourselves on our little blue01:16:41
dot, in any case we have the01:16:44
opportunity to contemplate the starry landscape01:16:47
when we turn our gaze to the heavens01:16:50
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В новом документальном фильме поговорим про НЛО и инопланетян. 00:00:00 | Парадокс Ферми 00:08:28 | НЛО и инопланетяне 00:25:54 | Мультивселенная 00:40:45 | Самые интересные экзопланеты 00:55:04 | Сфера Дайсона 01:07:03 | Войд Волопаса 🢖 Все космические видео: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPtC7pwHsZU&list=PLxwi128m9g-OLACj54Nv1Pikz-3n11_lC 🢖 Солнечная система: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6vz8E_NQRc&list=PLxwi128m9g-PbNeYsj0vlcX4_jKORz6Rb 🢖 Самое популярное: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxwi128m9g-OuxpNaFxNdtkopSYs0K0pl Музыкальное сопровождение audiojungle.net
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