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00:00:02

his history the program is released with the

00:00:05

support of the universal telecom operators of

00:00:08

the company west number of trunks a reliable

00:00:11

supplier of communications for business and home

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good afternoon you are listening to the radio and slowly

00:00:20

on the air the Viva program history in the studio

00:00:22

author and presenter of the program historian Sergei

00:00:24

Vivatenko good afternoon Sergei

00:00:26

hello Sasha hello dears

00:00:28

friends at the console of Alexander Romashov

00:00:29

today, as always, we have the end of the issue of a

00:00:32

historical quiz brought which

00:00:34

is presented by the publishing house of methane

00:00:36

Sergey what book are we playing today

00:00:38

Sasha we are playing today a book by Oleg Lik

00:00:41

Manov and Mikhail Sverdlov

00:00:42

Sergey Senin biography this is a very good

00:00:46

book rare and a wonderful building

00:00:49

but a special book Nora, you can say a few

00:00:51

words that according to the world in which the

00:00:53

book amazes us, this logic of the carnival,

00:00:56

the logic of changing roles of the variable model, the

00:00:59

existence and method of creativity,

00:01:01

they called him, I didn’t understand it, it doesn’t matter, I can

00:01:04

say that this book looks simply

00:01:06

gorgeous, the kind of books that you want to

00:01:08

keep for yourself, and even if you

00:01:10

are not going to read it, it’s still a game

00:01:13

or the book is definitely gorgeous, well,

00:01:16

today we have the Nuremberg trial,

00:01:19

but we won’t all talk about the tribunal or

00:01:22

how the Second World War ended in

00:01:24

Europe, in any case, well, I think that everyone knows

00:01:27

that such a Nuremberg trial everyone knows and

00:01:29

watched film many yes with someone

00:01:33

there was ordinary fascism

00:01:34

no ordinary fascism there is also a process the

00:01:37

film is so old and this is the most

00:01:39

Maximilian shell plays the main role

00:01:41

Marlene Dietrich and many others well in general

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yes I think everyone knows very well but

00:01:48

we managed to figure out where it

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came from how it was formed, how

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the trial took place, and what are the results, if possible? Well,

00:01:56

it’s clear that the history of the Second World War,

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Sasha’s war, I think that he is dear

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friends, I myself understand this on the one hand,

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as in my opinion, this is a list of war

00:02:07

crimes that were committed against

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Nazi Germany, an ally, an

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endless list for this, the main

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war criminals

00:02:16

were condemned by humanity in open court,

00:02:18

first humiliated by Berge and then in Tokyo,

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depending on who to judge, yes from and for the politics of

00:02:25

legal significance, culture is it your

00:02:27

environment, not the Hungarian tribunal became a

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symbol of justice in its shadow,

00:02:31

other indicators of the process became the countries of Europe,

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but we are the Nazis their accomplices and, first of

00:02:36

all, the hidden trials carried out on

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the territory of the Soviet Union, let's

00:02:39

see when it all began, and

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in general, before the Second World War, no one in the

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world had experience of trying war

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criminals, the Nazis, we are their accomplices,

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but probably only one example can be given,

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although it was approximately the agreement

00:02:52

of the stage to Napoleon that after 100

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days Napoleon was sent by the victors without trial

00:02:59

or investigation into exile on St. Helena Island

00:03:01

sheet music the next thing we can say night

00:03:05

nhk let's talk about the First World War

00:03:06

but a little later and there were no

00:03:09

analogues in world history such

00:03:10

cruelty was not brutal

00:03:13

such temporal and graphic scales,

00:03:15

therefore, there were no legal norms for the

00:03:18

impact of not an international convention,

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their not national criminal codes,

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besides, for justice they still needed to

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free up space, it was necessary to free up the

00:03:27

crime scenes that were still under the

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Germans and witnesses to capture the

00:03:32

criminals themselves and who was the first

00:03:34

Sasha began to do this, of course, the Soviet

00:03:36

Union, we are also not strange, and immediately

00:03:39

41 years before the end of the occupation,

00:03:43

open trials were held on the territory of sir,

00:03:45

for example, during the Ryazan detachments for

00:03:48

traitors, spies, marauders, I think

00:03:50

we also saw with you, Sasha, such documentaries

00:03:54

where someone is tried, yes and then they vote and the

00:03:57

spectators were partisans themselves, and later

00:04:00

they began to invite residents of neighbors of

00:04:02

neighboring villages about the evidence base,

00:04:05

there were detailed reports on the scale of

00:04:06

destruction in the liberated

00:04:08

territories,

00:04:09

but on November 2, 1942, we

00:04:12

indicate where the Supreme Council

00:04:14

created the so-called emergency

00:04:16

state commission to establish

00:04:18

investigation of the atrocities of the

00:04:19

Nazi invaders and

00:04:21

accomplices, but it was led by Alexey Tolstoy,

00:04:23

Alexey Tolstoy,

00:04:25

but the author of Buratino, Sasha, but on the front of

00:04:29

traitors and Nazi executioners, the kings had

00:04:31

military tribunals

00:04:32

until the issuance of decree number 39 of the

00:04:35

Presidium of the Supreme Council of 19 3 years

00:04:38

on penalties for German about

00:04:40

such villains guilty of murders and

00:04:42

here for them the Soviet civilian

00:04:43

population, but according to the decree, cases of

00:04:47

murders of prisoners of war and civilians

00:04:49

were entered into military courts to present

00:04:51

them and in the Republic of Belarus many meetings, on the

00:04:55

recommendation of the command, were open

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with the participation of the local population of the military

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tribunals of the presidential people's and

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military field courts accused of heresy themselves

00:05:03

without lawyers, often the verdict was

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public hanging; decree number 39 became the

00:05:10

legal basis for a system of

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responsibility for

00:05:13

thousands of crimes about and the most

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severe war crimes of the forty-

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third 49 years, trials took place in

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twenty-one pastors in our city, five

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Soviet republics to Krasnodar,

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Krasnodon

00:05:26

what is clear in Kharkov, Smolensk to

00:05:29

Leningrad, as I understand correctly,

00:05:31

this process did not happen in any place

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overnight, it went on for more than a year,

00:05:36

Batista’s game to me from no, Sasha, just

00:05:38

progressive movements

00:05:39

about the trial when we started talking about

00:05:41

negotiations with the allies, we will talk to you later,

00:05:43

we will we talked about our

00:05:45

proposals, including because from the

00:05:48

side of England the USA there were other

00:05:49

proposals about which we still agreed, that

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is, we seemed to show how this can be

00:05:54

done before openly and the legal

00:05:57

process to which places and so on

00:06:00

friends, that is, in fact, we

00:06:01

imposed here a certain will to the West and the OMS did

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not agree with it, then before Gomel there

00:06:07

was a trial, well, in Leningrad, but other

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times you already know where in our city the

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king of the German fascist criminals

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was hanged where the hour of the Lenin monument is on the

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square in front of the

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conti casino but the former cinema giant

00:06:23

to the cinema giant yes absolutely true

00:06:26

the mood they hanged the

00:06:27

Germans yes this is how it happened in

00:06:31

Khabarovsk for example but it was with the Japanese

00:06:32

yes it means 2,252 war

00:06:36

criminals from Germany and Austria and

00:06:38

Hungary Romania and several accomplices and the

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USSR were executed an

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open super double attack stone

00:06:44

if not only the legal sense of

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punishing the guilty, but also politically

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anti-fascist, I think this is understandable

00:06:49

because films were made, books were published,

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reports were written,

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judging by the reports of the MGB, almost the entire

00:06:55

population supported the charges and wished

00:06:58

the defendants a strict punishment,

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but now let’s talk about what happened with us,

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how we approached such things courts, that is, there

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were no such courts before, which means

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negotiations with our allies, punishment of

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war criminals in one form or another

00:07:13

arises already in the first years of the Great

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Patriotic War, and our allies

00:07:17

England and the United States conceded to the Tea

00:07:19

Commission about average crimes, and we

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proposed not only investigating but also

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rendering in court and for 42

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years now we have been raising the question before England

00:07:29

England USA about the creation of a tribunal. The

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next act of this story occurs in the

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forty-third year when, during a

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Moscow meeting, the head of the

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allied foreign affairs departments accepted a declaration of

00:07:41

responsibility where I hold on to the

00:07:43

crimes committed, but you understand, and

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at first it was not clear what it’s not clear what

00:07:48

but when more and more people

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again Rio atrocities that happen

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when they liberate some

00:07:54

construction camps of the river these are areas

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for example Kiev because billiards everyone tried to ask

00:07:59

more questions and therefore the allies were

00:08:02

more and more inclined to our

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proposal that they offered

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let’s say England and France in the negotiations

00:08:13

will be allies on 100 precisely such

00:08:14

decisions of fathoms which today

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can perhaps only cause amazement, for example, let’s

00:08:19

say that the cardinal decision of the fate of the

00:08:22

heads of Nazi criminals, namely the

00:08:25

executioners without trial, more often believed that it

00:08:28

would be best to dissolve the main

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criminals as soon as they

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and Roosevelt went even further in the forty-

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fifth year in Yalta,

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he proposed to necessarily destroy

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50,000 German Russian officers, I will remind you

00:08:41

with steel, but what about the very good toast

00:08:44

that he made

00:08:45

on this topic in Tehran, this is a

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projected transcript of the Crimean

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conference, Phil Marshal, and the marshal from the NHL

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proposed executions for everyone

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He proposed to shoot non-German generals

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when trying to escape,

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that is, to provoke immediate shooting,

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but soon the winners returned to the idea

00:09:04

that was voiced during the

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Versailles conference and to find the

00:09:08

Paris peace conference conference

00:09:10

after the First World War under the

00:09:11

Treaty of Versailles, which was

00:09:13

signed at a price in the nineteenth year

00:09:15

Germany was supposed to extradite

00:09:16

Kaiser Wilhelm 2 and hundreds of

00:09:18

high-ranking officers to an

00:09:20

international tribunal to try

00:09:22

them for war crimes, however,

00:09:25

the Kaiser fled to Holland and the German

00:09:28

Prechist refused to extradite anyone, this is how it

00:09:30

all ended this

00:09:32

time, and after the end Germany was

00:09:35

completely occupied could not

00:09:37

resist therefore the process took place there

00:09:39

were interesting scenarios for the future of

00:09:41

Germany if it had some kind of

00:09:44

future expressed in Chile at one of the

00:09:46

meetings by the Prime Minister of Great Britain

00:09:48

proposed dividing the southern provinces from Germany,

00:09:50

including Bavaria, and including

00:09:53

them in the Danube Federation Georgian made a

00:09:55

proposal about the resettlement of Germany into

00:09:57

five independent states, but I

00:09:59

think that we will allow these dear friends,

00:10:01

but let me remind you that in the context of the

00:10:03

trial, there were a lot of exotic ideas from the allied countries

00:10:05

in response to

00:10:07

Churchill’s statement that Germany was framed

00:10:09

as a future type of government

00:10:11

system that communism was looking for

00:10:14

Churchill and Stalin were forced to

00:10:16

note that communism in Germany fits

00:10:18

like a cow’s saddle,

00:10:20

so its division looks like

00:10:23

all the accidents that were very

00:10:26

developed; there was also a proposal

00:10:28

that the entire judicial procedure should

00:10:30

not be of a legal but of a political nature.

00:10:32

Ruzil announced the future trial of hundreds

00:10:35

should be too legalistic and

00:10:36

Churchill added a trial for the main

00:10:39

criminals you must be political

00:10:40

they are a physical act

00:10:42

which is not surprising only with the old

00:10:45

Soviet delegation from the very beginning

00:10:46

they talked about the need to subject the

00:10:48

main Nazi criminals to a strictly

00:10:50

legal procedure of criminal

00:10:52

prosecution for these purposes a

00:10:55

military tribunal was created between on why we are

00:10:57

here such clear dishes, but probably

00:10:59

Comrade Stalin was in the thirty-

00:11:00

seventh year of the organization of such courts,

00:11:03

he knew how and how it can be done, how it

00:11:06

can be manipulated and some

00:11:07

result can be achieved,

00:11:09

and so the Lomov conference in the summer of

00:11:14

forty-five, 23 sides of the allies

00:11:18

signed, it means they signed

00:11:22

documents there thanks this was tried, the

00:11:25

new gerber ceased to be an exclusively

00:11:27

political matter, maintaining of course this

00:11:29

constant component, sorry, it was

00:11:32

legalized

00:11:33

or sealed, unlike

00:11:34

subsequent attempts to create logical

00:11:36

structures at different times at different times and

00:11:38

so why not Luber why this particular

00:11:41

city sage what do you think why but it

00:11:46

was the Axis because they Liber was the center of

00:11:48

Nazism in Germany, they were there to eat

00:11:51

all the congresses about the German before the triumph, were they

00:11:55

removed there for a while, and there was such a Zeppelin

00:11:58

filter, there was an area where they passed, they

00:12:01

marched there at night, these same opinions

00:12:03

with a farce there in the hands of there were torches,

00:12:06

but all this was not there yet, the liber was not so

00:12:10

destroyed, and we must remember that it was

00:12:13

after the Anglo-American bombings that the

00:12:16

palace of justice remained intact in this city, and that

00:12:19

was also important, well,

00:12:24

Grinberg became such a center in 1945-1946, so to

00:12:29

speak, of the world beau monde

00:12:31

but from our side of course no one has

00:12:32

come yet neither Ksyusha Sobchak nor

00:12:35

Olga Buzova there or there zvereva

00:12:37

it’s unclear who you are with scary us yes I am

00:12:39

but also yes yes yes yes there we are still

00:12:41

talking about the war about horrors, for

00:12:43

example Malindi 3 I arrived there all the

00:12:46

time there were some quarrels and other

00:12:49

parties such as Chaplin came date

00:12:52

Hemingway everyone was interested in looking

00:12:54

at this, that is, even then the decaying

00:12:57

capitalism put on a show, well, something like that, let's learn about the lyre

00:12:59

near the walls of the palace,

00:13:02

so what else is so interesting but

00:13:06

we are now the fact that we have little time,

00:13:08

what is different about this, let’s say this is the

00:13:11

tribunal of another, for the first time in history,

00:13:13

simultaneous translation appeared and as

00:13:16

Hermann Goering said, simultaneous translation

00:13:18

shortens his life, well, it’s clear why

00:13:21

you translated for so long,

00:13:24

looking at this process, I was looking for the lord more often and

00:13:28

I dare, well, you understand why the British

00:13:30

for a long time they didn’t want it to be a

00:13:33

legal one, you and I, lord, need to not

00:13:36

lose the next war, otherwise the same thing awaits us, so

00:13:43

give these things about the legal component

00:13:46

and in general, of course, modern

00:13:49

legal science is not in the Soviet science,

00:13:52

sorry, not in the Russian and world science in

00:13:54

principle Since the beginning of the 70s, this

00:13:57

process has been perceived as, in general, as a

00:13:59

curiosity

00:14:00

more than some kind of example, many

00:14:05

frankly lawyers, not researchers,

00:14:08

openly call such processes, the

00:14:09

number of winners is worth noting

00:14:11

that not only the Germans but also

00:14:13

other judges and prosecutors thought so

00:14:16

neutral they represent the four

00:14:17

strong victorious powers

00:14:19

as a result of what happened in what was happening

00:14:21

sometimes it was strange let's say the Soviet

00:14:24

prosecutor Rubin showed off on the pact of

00:14:27

Histalin Hitler something to

00:14:30

prove that German aggression

00:14:35

against Poland means then it means how

00:14:39

you had a lot of money also for example a

00:14:43

Soviet judge I convinced my colleagues that

00:14:46

murder and search for officers to Tanya was possible.

00:14:49

which was, as you know, we recognized in the

00:14:51

organization water

00:14:52

needs to be added to the list of German war

00:14:54

crimes, and by the way, Siberia was led not

00:14:57

only from the Soviet side, dear

00:14:58

friends 8th accessor of the 5th year of the Lonsky

00:15:01

agreement, which said yes, who

00:15:03

created the Verbitsa tribunal, emphasize

00:15:05

emphasized limited limited the range of

00:15:08

its powers only a war

00:15:10

crime exchange pase additives tribunal

00:15:12

leadership of the so-called princes run

00:15:15

loki that is, I make excuses I will

00:15:18

acquit anyone illegally ok if the

00:15:21

other side also committed it, that is,

00:15:24

knock-knock this means you too, that’s why

00:15:30

France dropped the charges against Germany

00:15:33

isomin hanoi Vichy were

00:15:35

not silent about this USA for help

00:15:39

economic assistance Germany also from

00:15:41

helping to help Jews

00:15:43

pre-war initial stage, but the Germans were not

00:15:48

tried for tourist bombings,

00:15:50

because the use of strategic

00:15:51

mounts against the world population was

00:15:53

one of the pillars of the British American

00:15:55

military doctrine, so the date of what

00:15:57

they did they seemed to refuse about it and

00:15:59

when the American General Chester Nimitz

00:16:02

declared to the court that the

00:16:03

US naval forces began the

00:16:05

first arbo waged an

00:16:07

unlimited submarine war against the Japanese

00:16:09

after that

00:16:12

the charges against the dying Karl were automatically dropped, the German would go away

00:16:14

before this underwater volcano,

00:16:22

well, for example, the meager criminal

00:16:25

tribunal for the former Yugoslavia when he

00:16:27

organized this principle here considered it

00:16:30

vicious refused from him, and so you need to

00:16:33

understand, let’s now talk about

00:16:34

what happened since November 20,

00:16:37

so in general, soon we will have a real

00:16:39

week, let’s say this, and the reason is the next

00:16:42

anniversary of a weighty trial, so

00:16:45

today we are in the tides and say that at it without

00:16:48

com the tribunal, personal matters were discussed

00:16:51

very much a small circle of people, the

00:16:52

leadership of Germany, 67 people in total,

00:16:56

up to 12 people were executed

00:16:59

60 Berge, the rest of the places of their

00:17:01

leadership, that is, 18 percent plus 4

00:17:05

died in prison, 21 people committed

00:17:08

suicide, yes, that is,

00:17:10

thirty-seven people were killed in one way or another,

00:17:12

died and so further and the like, and

00:17:15

documents were handed over to the court for 24

00:17:19

people Hitler Himmler Goebels whose

00:17:24

death part of the death was established I

00:17:26

was put on trial by a tribunal,

00:17:28

oddly enough, but maybe correctly, Bormann was

00:17:31

tried in absentia, the main thing is that the Nazi

00:17:34

criminals were hanged by the conclusion of

00:17:35

Goering who managed to poison himself all

00:17:38

this was recorded from Count Ravana and

00:17:40

so on and so forth

00:17:42

[music]

00:17:45

in addition to the main German trial there were the

00:17:47

so-called small Newry Minsk and there

00:17:49

were twelve of them they were

00:17:52

carried out not by the Rybinsk military tribunal

00:17:54

created by the American military trial by

00:17:56

the authorities within the framework of these trials 46 to

00:17:59

50 and the year was considered took about

00:18:01

two hundred more to the figures of the Nazi regime,

00:18:05

not this under the tribunal de sal until 51,

00:18:09

many of those convicted in Franks of these

00:18:11

trials were amnestied for

00:18:13

some, their sentences were reduced.

00:18:16

It is also interesting to note that in 1953,

00:18:20

one of those convicted by the meager tribunal,

00:18:24

Field Marshal Jodl, was completely acquitted

00:18:27

and only the suppression of the Americans, this

00:18:29

acquittal

00:18:30

was later annulled, however,

00:18:33

the problem of denazification, the cleansing of

00:18:36

society from the consequences of the rule of

00:18:37

fascism had a much more

00:18:40

complex nature in all European countries,

00:18:42

including the Soviet Union,

00:18:44

and why now I will try to explain a

00:18:46

huge number of major Nazis and

00:18:49

their accomplices

00:18:50

escaped criminal prosecution, not to

00:18:53

mention small figures of the regime

00:18:55

who were not subjected to persecution at all by the

00:18:57

Soviet administration,

00:18:59

Germany and other

00:19:01

countries, at a certain

00:19:04

stage, began to look at them conciliatoryly, well,

00:19:06

why, because if everyone yells,

00:19:10

then there simply won’t be enough hands,

00:19:12

time, head, or anything, you know, all the

00:19:15

leadership there was steam anointed, yes, but

00:19:18

give examples so that it is clear, for

00:19:20

example, the mayor of one of the Lithuanian

00:19:22

cities in free Lithuania was one

00:19:25

person, then in Soviet times he became a

00:19:27

representative of the city executive committee under the Nazis,

00:19:29

he again became the chief burgomaster, and

00:19:33

after the Soviets arrived, he fell asleep and

00:19:35

appeared as a traitor to the regional executive committee

00:19:37

Well, because he was a talented person,

00:19:39

it was impossible without him, we talked about this

00:19:42

with you, let's also sage you probably

00:19:44

know that Independence Day is before in

00:19:47

Latvia, but soon we are

00:19:49

going and there are Nazi criminals from all the time walking around there in the city center

00:19:52

around the statue of the

00:19:53

Freedom Monument

00:19:56

waffen ss there

00:19:58

and where did they come from so many of them there were

00:20:00

n’t so many of our front-line soldiers who didn’t survive

00:20:02

but because the dishes as they were

00:20:04

captured by us were taken prisoner before the 46th

00:20:07

year they began to enclose them in Raval

00:20:09

in order to preserve the gene pool of the

00:20:12

Baltic peoples

00:20:14

and because too a lot of their men

00:20:16

died and I need to recover, so they were all

00:20:18

released, so they are quite well-fed and

00:20:20

well-groomed, and even now

00:20:23

a patient is walking in the center of the aegis because

00:20:25

she didn’t look at what

00:20:27

crimes they had there, listening to what was happening

00:20:30

there in Sweden too doesn’t know him after being

00:20:33

afraid of this, yes, when children were born there

00:20:36

from Nazi criminals in

00:20:38

Norway, here’s an interview in Norway, and

00:20:42

one of the soloists was everything right,

00:20:43

the fire doesn’t burn

00:20:47

blueberries, is she really from

00:20:49

such a family there, and there really was a

00:20:51

struggle, but find out some the people

00:20:53

there are very vindictive because there the

00:20:57

French women slept with the Germans before

00:20:59

other women who didn’t sleep

00:21:02

maybe because they weren’t scared or

00:21:04

something else you suggested to me yes they

00:21:06

carried out lynching after the war underpainting

00:21:08

x3 for these comrades yes if before they were

00:21:11

taken away from the children

00:21:13

That's why Frida's mother fled from

00:21:15

Norway to neutral Sweden where, in

00:21:17

general, she lived until just because of

00:21:20

this terrible situation that

00:21:22

was there, well, in general, there were many different wasps,

00:21:25

people were convicted there, for example, in

00:21:28

France there was a trial the leader is higher and

00:21:30

all this is very complicated and Laval was

00:21:33

shot by Marshal Pétain although he

00:21:37

should also have received a death

00:21:39

sentence, but de Gaulle respects him for the

00:21:42

First World War and

00:21:44

allowed him to live in prison and he is

00:21:46

buried on the island, this is where the memory of the

00:21:49

blue beard is, remember there is Charles Perrault,

00:21:51

he is buried there because de Gaulle

00:21:54

and I really respected complex things there in general

00:21:57

de Gaulle and de Gaulle came up with the history of

00:22:00

France during the First World War of the Second World

00:22:02

War,

00:22:03

as if France agreed with this, what was

00:22:06

de Gaulle’s idea and the fact that

00:22:08

France fought with the Nazis with all of them,

00:22:11

yes, it was always there to eliminate the allies,

00:22:13

it’s not true, nothing like that is a very

00:22:16

small part,

00:22:17

and in general, if we compare French

00:22:19

to the point where Minton and the prosecutor are

00:22:23

prosecutors from France, yes, he accused the

00:22:25

Germans, that they killed, it’s written in the

00:22:29

documents, you can see what

00:22:31

during the occupation of the forties of

00:22:33

the forties, they killed 40 to 44 somewhere in 45

00:22:37

some areas, yes they killed 47 thousand

00:22:39

French people, sorry, this is funny, this is

00:22:42

practically nothing for a multimillion-dollar nation,

00:22:45

yes, then a nation of 80 million, yes,

00:22:49

you understand, the truth is, well, we won’t say that

00:22:52

remembering the bad in the decline of Smith in the

00:22:53

good hands we have no

00:22:55

collaborators and so on, but if

00:22:57

we go further, we also don’t

00:22:59

like the socialist Francois Mitterrand, he

00:23:01

worked for Vichy

00:23:02

and then said that he was a spy before the

00:23:05

intelligence officer who told free

00:23:08

France that there were French and Germans

00:23:10

is going to do but

00:23:12

very, very let's say so let's say so a

00:23:15

controversial argument dear friends do not have been like this

00:23:19

up to such a moment

00:23:23

or something in the world so let's still

00:23:27

finish and about the fact that not everyone

00:23:30

was shot they were all convicted until Hermes

00:23:32

cheated and did not recognize as criminal all

00:23:34

governments or state

00:23:36

institutions on the nipples of the novel of Germany

00:23:37

why because the members of the tribunal

00:23:40

realized otherwise it would be

00:23:42

impossible to govern the country since

00:23:46

practically all management personnel in any way

00:23:47

capable of solving administrative

00:23:50

problems should be persecuted,

00:23:52

very few people were from Germany, these

00:23:56

fascists who migrated there led by

00:23:58

Willy Baran there but everyone else didn’t

00:23:59

stay there,

00:24:00

well, there, in the best case, it’s Pastor Schlag,

00:24:03

and in the worst case, these are the heroes of Mr.

00:24:07

Lion, dear, and who just served the

00:24:09

German Nazi regime, and a very

00:24:12

controversial issue, so Germany for a long

00:24:15

time after the war there were visas that

00:24:18

led the state apparatus under the

00:24:19

Nazi regime, everyone understood that it was

00:24:21

impossible to build the future of the country where the

00:24:24

collab diet and regimes were on a wide scale if all

00:24:27

accomplices of fascism and Nazism were brought

00:24:29

to justice, well, it is clear that such a list

00:24:33

was not made by the Soviet Union but by the allies,

00:24:35

all this was clearly limited Dima,

00:24:38

let’s say all these restrictions clearly

00:24:41

demonstrated the presence of,

00:24:43

well, how to tell the political

00:24:44

component that the Lirgiso Tribunal, but

00:24:48

despite all the criticism of the

00:24:49

German process from this side,

00:24:51

you can’t imagine that the political

00:24:53

component could be completely excluded

00:24:55

from its activities, from this we are

00:24:58

returned to the topic by its brother’s originality

00:25:00

and character or the Betsky court, it of course

00:25:03

has unprecedented significance only in the

00:25:04

fact of its creation by me of political

00:25:06

procedures and they, of course, Sasha, often

00:25:09

contradictions in the legal practice of

00:25:11

the legislation of individual countries,

00:25:13

for example in Nuremberg, they ignored

00:25:16

the principle of reasonableness and guilt, but like the

00:25:18

Soviet Union before the war, if you

00:25:20

understand yes but but this the French

00:25:23

and the British and the Americans went to the

00:25:25

anti-gay side of the sky coalition, followed by the

00:25:27

member countries, he left even before the

00:25:29

tribunal began, the action of the Nazis

00:25:31

falls the criminal and depending on how

00:25:34

obvious the

00:25:35

scope and scale of the crime against the

00:25:37

world of humanity was, how many war crimes were

00:25:41

these three categories which crimes and

00:25:43

which were charged to the Nazi leadership

00:25:45

before the rest, in the opinion of the teachers

00:25:48

of the tribunal, can be put aside

00:25:50

as not directly related to the case of

00:25:52

diverting the course of the process aside once again,

00:25:55

let me repeat, that means yes, that

00:26:02

means these discussions in general are speakers

00:26:06

constantly between and between representatives

00:26:08

various countries, well, yes, he himself is probably well-known, let’s

00:26:11

say this about the fact that the OUN and

00:26:16

UPA are criminal organizations and the

00:26:18

100 review are criminal

00:26:20

organizations, yes, but once again in

00:26:25

the tribunal the trial of war

00:26:27

criminals who are not associated with a

00:26:29

specific geographical place was written, then

00:26:31

we agree that the UPA and OUN are there are not included in any

00:26:33

way because they worked only on the

00:26:35

territory of the current Soviet Union and

00:26:37

perhaps a little on the territory of

00:26:39

modern Poland, none

00:26:44

of the numerous laboratory assistants in the

00:26:46

occupied territory of Europe

00:26:48

where they collaborated, but in principle they

00:26:51

all got their due on their own

00:26:53

land, as they say above another question and

00:26:55

[music]

00:26:58

so the German process was aimed at

00:27:00

convicting the main war criminals in

00:27:03

which

00:27:04

the leadership of the Nazi Party of the Nazi

00:27:06

Party of Germany was attributed to

00:27:07

the leadership of the military structures of the USSR and so

00:27:11

on, on the contrary, ours

00:27:14

once presented a document as a witness about episode 1 the

00:27:16

persecution of

00:27:18

Ukrainian nationalists from the country of the Nazis since forty-one,

00:27:20

that is, this is the same something interesting, and

00:27:22

during the process, close

00:27:25

ties between Ukrainian nationalists and the

00:27:27

Nazis were revealed; for this, even in November of forty-

00:27:30

five, the

00:27:31

general of the review was called as a witness, the hero of the email dinner,

00:27:35

yes, he remembered about that about

00:27:38

on and above remember that the German

00:27:40

trial recognized from a criminal

00:27:42

organization but I went back to the SS division

00:27:45

Galicia to which it was formed

00:27:49

from Ukrainian nationalists but

00:27:51

then let’s say so now this is a

00:27:53

controversial issue in Ukraine about this world

00:27:54

I’m interested in remembering the process itself,

00:28:00

how these people were invited to the defendants,

00:28:04

but if I may say so in quotation marks,

00:28:06

of course, it expresses the new process itself,

00:28:08

someone to start Danil or

00:28:09

head them, they were all arrested, that

00:28:11

is, there was a general list of who was included there,

00:28:14

representatives of well, all the film is just a column of

00:28:17

those who did not manage to escape

00:28:18

Well, in principle, yes, in principle, who managed to

00:28:22

escape, it was the links, one person was

00:28:24

Bormann, well, once again, yes, he was killed or

00:28:27

was not killed, they asked him not to be there before, and

00:28:29

no one managed to escape, who did not manage to commit

00:28:32

suicide, after twenty-one

00:28:33

people committed suicide 67

00:28:35

is big list and so who all the

00:28:38

films words some generals all the

00:28:41

leadership with with further the

00:28:44

ministers who were at that time

00:28:47

I go through the trade unions this lei such yes it

00:28:50

means further further further Gauleiter and

00:28:54

leaders of some region, yes, that is,

00:28:57

from Belarus and Ukraine and Germany there

00:29:00

and Austria and so on and so forth, they

00:29:03

were all there, they were all invited, yes, that is,

00:29:05

and they flew the Reich, the so-called yes, this

00:29:08

list, this list was stated who did not

00:29:10

get there from those who could be convicted,

00:29:13

well, help acadian walk rda

00:29:15

it’s called westmark and he was or no

00:29:19

Upper Silesia this man was somehow forgotten about him

00:29:23

then he fled to Canada was to Canada before on the

00:29:25

other hand to CSKA honestly he was

00:29:27

appointed aggressor for 5 years yes that is

00:29:31

he didn’t have much time there to

00:29:32

do some unpleasant things but that

00:29:35

is, once again, only the leadership of the most

00:29:38

important officials and party

00:29:41

leaders of the

00:29:42

NSD,

00:29:43

well, once again, 670 oc is quite a lot,

00:29:47

well, it’s probably true that you

00:29:52

asked the question correctly, what they are working on and the kunala

00:29:54

was not brought to its logical

00:29:55

conclusion, this is visible and gives grounds for

00:29:59

it today handing over real

00:30:01

crimes is I don’t know anyone on the

00:30:02

same Ukrainian nationalist

00:30:04

if now we are talking about this but on the

00:30:09

world of the ethical side of the matter the inclusion of

00:30:11

spokes the list of the tribunal questions about the

00:30:13

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact was not

00:30:15

dictated by the danger that for this what

00:30:17

because they will be accused they will shake that he started

00:30:20

the war, no one talked about it at all

00:30:23

because everyone clearly understood and accepted and during the

00:30:25

trial that the war in Europe was started not by the

00:30:28

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, but by the Munich

00:30:30

Agreement, yes, this is so late in the structure of the

00:30:32

process, let’s say, and

00:30:34

the aggressor, and when when Goering Goering

00:30:39

spoke out during one at the meeting I directly

00:30:42

stated I draw the judge who put

00:30:44

Britain and France, after all, you too, the

00:30:46

government, gentlemen, the judges,

00:30:48

gave a free hand in Munich, of course they did

00:30:51

n’t forgive him for this, and from November 25 to

00:30:57

October 1, 1946, between the finale, where

00:30:59

prosecutors from four countries entered, listened to the

00:31:01

revelation of the main Nazi

00:31:03

criminals and we studied film and photo

00:31:05

evidence of atrocities about how

00:31:08

the process was prepared, why the

00:31:10

Americans and the British propose to try the

00:31:12

Nazis and everyone en masse, but all this is

00:31:15

also difficult to imagine that

00:31:17

criminals who pursued

00:31:19

absolutely political goals, relying on

00:31:21

powerful human dynamic dialogues,

00:31:23

would be judged somehow would be ordinary

00:31:25

criminals, and so the tribune was

00:31:28

formed of four

00:31:29

representatives, squeezing the

00:31:31

winner of the USSR was the prosecutor of Ukraine,

00:31:34

Roman Rudenko,

00:31:36

well, probably such a very

00:31:38

great professional if at first Goering was very

00:31:41

active, he fought, mocked the

00:31:45

accusers, the judges, and so on, but

00:31:48

when the child began to be interrogated, yes and the

00:31:50

questions became very acute, as seen as

00:31:53

Goering smack, and as the

00:31:56

American representative said before Goering

00:31:58

baked, it was very clear that

00:32:01

Rudenko and Vodokanal from

00:32:03

the UK were prosecutor Hartley Shaw

00:32:05

Crost and the United States Supreme Court Judge Robert

00:32:09

Jackson from France, as I say,

00:32:11

Attorney General Francois De Minton

00:32:15

Well, let’s just say that the relationship

00:32:18

between Rudenko and other members here

00:32:20

were different, good, at first they were

00:32:22

cold because the Stalinist regime for

00:32:24

the allies for a long time remained an

00:32:26

unpleasant partner for negotiations towards a

00:32:28

mystical ideology, practice by

00:32:30

definition were not damaged, were

00:32:32

unacceptable for the political class of

00:32:33

Western Europe but this rejection was

00:32:36

overcome by the fact that all sides who

00:32:38

had been subjected to aggression by

00:32:40

German Nazis understood the

00:32:42

seriousness of the situation, as if before

00:32:45

Johnson had not been discussed at first, Rudenko found

00:32:49

nothing, brisket, found how to bribe him,

00:32:52

excuse me, teach him or something, and once

00:32:55

he noticed that American soldiers

00:32:57

were warming up and

00:32:59

let's say, near the wife and the paper, they

00:33:01

threw the paper into a barrel and talked

00:33:04

about it, he looked and there was a

00:33:06

witness cream and

00:33:07

testimony documents of the Soviet delegation,

00:33:09

yes, these were bad delegations there, these

00:33:13

were accounting reports, etc. and so

00:33:15

on, but with these the world was burned the

00:33:17

American judge came to see it,

00:33:20

it was such a scandal that Johnson

00:33:24

confessed and went into open

00:33:27

contact with Rudenko and then

00:33:30

came to him many times and saw

00:33:32

Rudenko’s professionalism, yes, he later became the

00:33:34

Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union, and

00:33:38

indeed, our hurricane park is truly the

00:33:40

main role in the process,

00:33:43

and the main witness of all this was

00:33:46

also from us, this film was walking down the street

00:33:48

because everyone thinks that the number and

00:33:51

I’m transferring Paulus is not only the

00:33:53

hero of the Stalingrad Stalingrad

00:33:56

cauldron, Sasha, but the most important thing is that

00:33:58

he is the author,

00:34:00

he is the author of the Barbarossa plan, the

00:34:04

Barbarossa plan they said that there were no ideas and

00:34:06

so on,

00:34:07

and when he says we have a witness,

00:34:09

well, Paulus came to the film at once, all the military men

00:34:13

and us in the dock, the

00:34:15

movement went like this, and when Crow

00:34:19

Cross asked how long do you

00:34:22

need to bring him, he says, well, about

00:34:25

20 minutes, let’s do it secretly transported from

00:34:28

brought first to Berlin Germany then

00:34:31

secretly transported from our zone to the

00:34:33

American zone because the example was in the

00:34:34

American zone and of course there

00:34:37

was a danger that he could say there that they

00:34:39

forced me to do something in the Soviet plan, well

00:34:42

they beat me there and so on and so forth

00:34:44

one side before, but he did everything

00:34:46

correctly, he said everything, he admitted what he

00:34:48

said, he admitted it was such a blow

00:34:50

that after that everyone who was sitting on the sky

00:34:53

vega was tried in Germany, they were beaten,

00:34:55

beaten morally and physically, but physically,

00:34:58

yes, the sword of the degree, although although the gendarmes

00:35:01

who stood there were policemen because of

00:35:04

the military policy before the

00:35:05

American they with them,

00:35:08

let’s just say so, they didn’t stand on ceremony, it was

00:35:10

necessary to put him in prison, it was that if he was standing and

00:35:12

Goering, they could easily

00:35:15

put him in prison, someone else there would disperse him,

00:35:17

drive away the lawyers to the general so him and so the

00:35:20

attitude was like this but what

00:35:23

should have been the content that there is nothing

00:35:24

new and could not be understand gelin

00:35:26

pincers shouted marshals are not hanged fil

00:35:29

marshals are not hanged but you will be the first

00:35:32

well like that year

00:35:34

again 2 world of harm for the Germans they

00:35:38

did everything in a new way until the 1st film was

00:35:40

captured yes there there was 1 huge

00:35:44

group that surrendered surrounded

00:35:46

then the first film ascii from whom they

00:35:47

hanged yes it was not Goering as you

00:35:50

know he took poison yes he was the day before the

00:35:52

delirium let’s say this day when he was

00:35:56

supposed to be hanged

00:35:57

well there were Kate or and mold killed poison

00:35:59

with oneself, well, they say that his wife, during

00:36:02

kisses, kisses, gave him an ampoule from

00:36:04

mouth to mouth,

00:36:06

well, yes, that is, well, if, as it were,

00:36:12

in Nuremberg, before this is the essence of this in the

00:36:14

supreme court in this prison

00:36:16

somewhere there were excursions there, there was

00:36:17

such a long corridor and there were these same

00:36:21

casemates, and there was an

00:36:24

American policeman standing at each one, looking through the

00:36:26

hole, what the

00:36:28

prisoner was doing, but under him he managed at night, and

00:36:30

another one hanged himself, it was the hand of the

00:36:33

trade unions, and here are two people who did

00:36:35

not live until the end of the trial and personally to

00:36:38

himself, but din earlier with a different butt

00:36:40

in general during the trial, how they behaved again, she

00:36:42

began, she could some to

00:36:44

some said what they would give absolutely

00:36:47

and that there was no precedent for one more time to

00:36:50

be judged like that

00:36:51

and then when they didn’t understand what did all this

00:36:53

smell like and when they started showing the chronicle

00:36:56

from the construction camps there

00:36:58

was already dead silence for many for although on the

00:37:01

other hand Goering and when

00:37:02

they show Hitler who is speaking

00:37:04

he says to his neighbor I again fell under the

00:37:08

charm of Adolf when looking at the chronicle

00:37:11

well like that yes yes once again, don’t be sorry,

00:37:17

let’s talk about the results, so the

00:37:19

main thing we have on average Greenberg at the

00:37:22

moment is the

00:37:23

village principles of the so-called

00:37:25

resolutions confirmed in 1948 to the

00:37:29

Iranians level on,

00:37:30

they establish that crimes can be

00:37:33

punished under international law

00:37:35

and now criminals can no longer

00:37:38

refer to the spirit Isn’t it possible

00:37:39

to restrain the legislation that they were simply following

00:37:41

orders,

00:37:42

well, as if the Germans were all shouting that they were

00:37:44

following orders, but the nerve-wracking

00:37:46

processes were also bullets Irina to the genocide convention

00:37:49

to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the

00:37:51

Geneva Convention for the Protection of Victims of War

00:37:54

all these documents were signed immediately

00:37:57

after the Second World War The war

00:38:00

should not have had the greatest impact on the

00:38:03

development of international criminal law;

00:38:04

it was slowed down by the Cold War, after

00:38:08

only in the 90s the

00:38:09

fat tribunals for the war

00:38:11

crime of genocide were created; this Yugoslavia,

00:38:14

Rwanda, the child’s legacy became a powerful

00:38:17

argument in favor of the creation of an

00:38:19

international criminal

00:38:20

court in 1998. also the Roman status, which

00:38:24

includes a whole series of principles,

00:38:26

will be developed in the year forty-five, therefore,

00:38:29

by the way, the United States,

00:38:30

as the main proponents of the non-Lubets

00:38:32

trials, would have every reason to be

00:38:35

proud of their consequences if the

00:38:36

American authorities had not so desperately

00:38:38

objected to the statement from the kind of voice of

00:38:41

the court that the inter-family was hungry

00:38:43

legislation can also be applied

00:38:44

against US citizens, of course they don’t

00:38:47

like this, so even now the

00:38:50

legacy of a non-child remains inconvenient,

00:38:54

well, that’s probably all I wanted to say,

00:38:57

here someone was acquitted, well, yes, they were

00:38:59

acquitted, brin fritche

00:39:01

fritche, let’s do it then with all

00:39:06

the shortcomings, Nyurbinsky consumed tried

00:39:08

exactly those who should have been judged from the lot

00:39:10

as a whole fairly 12 charges received

00:39:13

death sentences 7 long sentences from a

00:39:16

swarm of notes and Hans Fitch he was the main Sasha

00:39:19

radio voice of the regime

00:39:21

that is, he led radio propaganda

00:39:24

before he worked for a month wait there much he

00:39:27

of course I personally did not participate in

00:39:28

planning a war crime, but

00:39:30

the truth and what else needs to be said, if

00:39:33

so, what would I come to as a child

00:39:35

on the roads, such crimes were recorded

00:39:37

on the pacifier, regimes such as the

00:39:38

second Holocaust in Germany, many

00:39:41

would prefer not to forget or you about them

00:39:44

before or claimed that they knew nothing about them,

00:39:46

but it was proven by

00:39:48

Indian documents about the Holocaust Sasha,

00:39:51

if everything goes well, we will

00:39:52

definitely make a separate broadcast,

00:39:54

but yes, but those who

00:39:58

served imprisonment about this are limited, what

00:40:02

happened to them later means look

00:40:04

about spandau, this is the prison

00:40:06

that was located in West Berlin,

00:40:09

we are the people who received life

00:40:12

imprisonment, there were four of them, they lived and

00:40:14

died, the last one died in 1689 guess

00:40:18

guess they even wanted to release him into

00:40:21

old age, but he was very inconvenient for the

00:40:25

British and so he hanged himself

00:40:28

before they were supposed to be released but it’s not

00:40:31

clear why if we assume that if the

00:40:33

British hang him

00:40:35

then it’s understandable because he still

00:40:36

jumped in the forties with a parachute, as you know, to

00:40:39

England, he conducted secret

00:40:42

negotiations with Churchill, he could have said

00:40:44

a lot of interesting things about the British, how did they,

00:40:47

let’s say, did they have let's say so, let's say, did

00:40:52

they have any let's say

00:40:55

and grounds to accuse them of the fact that they also

00:40:57

started the Second World War,

00:40:59

that is, it was the last, well, let's say,

00:41:02

many who were convicted by various

00:41:04

tribunals in some countries, but the last

00:41:07

foreigner who was imprisoned with us was

00:41:09

released in fifty-fifth year and the site of the

00:41:11

scythe after the death of Stalin when he

00:41:14

arrived that in order to conclude, let’s say

00:41:17

recognize the FRG and Fergana

00:41:20

recognized us and so that he dispersed,

00:41:23

came to us, and learn about this issue lectus

00:41:25

the end of the war, released

00:41:27

all war criminals, all citizens of

00:41:28

other countries, that is somewhere before 55, and

00:41:31

those who managed to hide and escape, after all,

00:41:34

now to this day these old

00:41:36

people are found, and even then mostly by our

00:41:38

performers, but like Dr. Mengele there

00:41:40

or someone else is trying to catch them there,

00:41:43

I don’t know, Wiesenthal’s organization yes

00:41:46

nowhere is this a search for Nazi

00:41:48

criminals before whom they fought,

00:41:50

destroyed the game and to his

00:41:52

cabin and are trying to somehow judge, oh well, there are a

00:41:54

lot of them, ditches and once again you need to

00:41:57

understand, dear friends, after the end of the

00:41:58

war the Cold War began,

00:42:00

so the Americans

00:42:01

invited the United States in large numbers and there are a lot of war criminals in Canada,

00:42:04

these Ukrainian

00:42:07

rabble who live there in large

00:42:09

numbers arrived before they are not victims of the

00:42:11

Stalinist regime and so on, they fled

00:42:14

because there

00:42:16

may be some kind of persecution against them and against the family and it’s

00:42:19

like yes now that’s when they are many

00:42:22

there 10 their comrades are Ukrainians who are

00:42:24

now helping Ukraine build some kind of

00:42:27

new state before their parents there are

00:42:30

quite controversial and

00:42:32

people are legend ambassadors there or others until which is why they

00:42:36

closed their eyes, well, let’s say this is

00:42:39

what happened, let’s take from Ukraine

00:42:41

to Autukhovich Arturovich and anti-believe the

00:42:45

main criminals are Croats, the elders, yes,

00:42:47

they all calmly left for the USA and lived there

00:42:50

until their death, everything was very good for them, even though they,

00:42:53

excuse me, massacred so many Serbs, yes,

00:42:56

there is even a sage, such a special knife

00:42:58

is called sir pacer, yes, if you

00:43:01

rest in Croatia, go to some

00:43:02

edged weapons store, they’ll

00:43:04

offer you one, he’s so cute with a glove,

00:43:06

why is the Serb acer and it’s easier for them to

00:43:09

spank the bellies of the Serbs, but that’s why

00:43:12

it was created until 1 again, these are the people

00:43:15

and they still live like absolutely Well,

00:43:18

yes, we need to catch them, but continue of course,

00:43:21

because excuse me, but for one reason:

00:43:23

those people who were not tortured, killed, have

00:43:26

not lived for 75 years, so there is no point in forgiving them; it’s

00:43:30

interesting; there’s a statute of limitations, like

00:43:33

here they don’t have a statute of limitations when they think of

00:43:34

such crimes against humanity

00:43:36

there is no statute of limitations

00:43:38

themselves as a result, which are periodically

00:43:40

questioned no one no one

00:43:44

questions the decisions of the German

00:43:46

tribunal

00:43:47

no country let them try again yes

00:43:50

but not Angelina France and England not the

00:43:52

Soviet Union or Russia

00:43:54

will never do this, it’s clear why it’s

00:43:56

good but what then do we move on to for our

00:44:00

traditional historical quiz

00:44:02

in the last program we had answers to

00:44:05

questions about the 1717 revolution his rose

00:44:08

from Sergei sounded like this means the question

00:44:11

sounded like why in the October days in

00:44:14

Smolny some Bolsheviks who

00:44:16

were going to Klenina says I’ll go to the cool

00:44:18

lady why is this because

00:44:21

Lenin's office was located in the highest office,

00:44:23

cool ladies, yes, that means yes, the class

00:44:26

teacher,

00:44:27

we also had a pension for noble maidens,

00:44:30

and there lived a cool lady, and next to it there

00:44:33

was an ice dormitory by pepe need your

00:44:38

only booties, the so-called yes, that is, a

00:44:39

bedroom for average girls, there

00:44:42

is perceived as

00:44:45

Alexander Prozorov annoying us

00:44:47

today a book from the publishing house view it

00:44:49

perfectly crushes the perches the same or

00:44:52

rather another book from the publisher of methanol

00:44:54

floors about Sergei Yesenin the luxurious building

00:44:57

will be received by the one who correctly answers

00:44:59

today's question to Sergei tsaint and so

00:45:01

name the specialty of the American John

00:45:03

Wood who after weeks Betsky's

00:45:05

processor in the forty-sixth year was selling

00:45:08

near the courthouse

00:45:11

a lot of the same sizes, dozens, I'll say

00:45:17

dozens of the same items, starting with slightly

00:45:21

different sizes, with the help of which he

00:45:23

did his job, they were all

00:45:25

sold out quite quickly, who was in the

00:45:27

specialty of John Wood, a very interesting

00:45:32

question, personally, you can answer yours

00:45:35

leave on our website imagine radio

00:45:37

dot ru us now you’re on the nose, it’s useless

00:45:39

to click, but we have a button at the top to

00:45:42

ask a question, you can also send

00:45:44

your answer to today’s question to Sergei tsaint, do

00:45:46

n’t forget to just introduce your last

00:45:49

name, first name and phone number so we

00:45:51

can contact you to explain how

00:45:52

to get with Sergey and once again the question and

00:45:54

so drug

00:45:55

and friends what specialty military

00:45:58

specialty or just a specialty

00:45:59

did the American have in the daily life John Wood

00:46:02

if after the end of the process

00:46:05

after the tribunal closed yes he serves there

00:46:08

near New York he sold some kind of

00:46:12

items to whom he used it until he

00:46:14

cut it into several parts, yes,

00:46:17

yes, and he said that it does not bring happiness,

00:46:19

having understood what brings happiness in America,

00:46:22

and what he was selling, tell me what his

00:46:25

specialty was, very interesting to you,

00:46:27

of course, well, it was a

00:46:29

Viva History program, Sergei, thanks to

00:46:30

the studio was the author and presenter of the program,

00:46:32

historian Sergei Vivatenko, at the controls of

00:46:34

Alexander Romashov and see you in a

00:46:35

week before Sidorin dear friends

00:46:39

[music]

00:46:41

the program is released with the support of the

00:46:44

universal telecom operator Westcott

00:46:47

UAC scales

00:46:51

[applause]

00:46:52

Oda Cohen

00:46:55

September 1

00:47:00

[music]

Description:

1 октября 1946 года в Нюрнберге был провозглашен приговор Международного военного трибунала, осудивший главных военных преступников. Нередко его называют "Судом истории". Это был не только один из самых крупных судебных процессов в истории человечества, но и важнейшая веха в развитии международного права. Нюрнбергский процесс юридически закрепил окончательный разгром фашизма

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