Download "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники"
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252F01e0t7liOyc%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
Table of contents
Similar videos from our catalog
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FUNBl2B8SCY8%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FYNyyU5slmhY%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FdprnTzcqa5g%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FegFz3HY6Hq0%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
%3Aformat(webp)%2Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi_webp%252FxtG6sCfxKi0%252Fmaxresdefault.webp&w=1139&q=75)
Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
ancient Greek philosopher Plato believed00:00:02
that planets are indicators of time00:00:04
placed by the creator in the world of phenomena and00:00:07
forever their rotation is a reflection of eternity00:00:09
in the universe, how much meaning does this phrase have?00:00:12
the mind and knowledge of the thinker never ceases00:00:15
I'm surprised a lot of time has passed since then00:00:18
since the ancient word Planet was first used00:00:20
was said by the ancient Greeks and let00:00:23
knowledge of the planets goes back centuries, but00:00:26
what do we know about these heavenly00:00:28
bodies today Let's find out in translation00:00:30
from the ancient Greek word Planet00:00:32
means wanderer as the Greeks called it00:00:35
wandering stars they believed that the Earth00:00:37
motionless is at the center of the universe00:00:39
and the sky and everything that is visible on it rotates00:00:42
around us their astronomers introduced this00:00:45
term to describe the difference so00:00:47
called fixed stars which00:00:49
stayed in their places each other00:00:51
relative to each other five celestial bodies we00:00:53
we don't call them planets, they were famous00:00:55
to the ancient Greeks Mercury Venus Mars yu and00:01:00
Saturn these are the planets visible on Yasny00:01:03
the sky with the naked eye were added00:01:05
the sun and the moon, but Plato himself tried00:01:08
separate them into a separate group when00:01:11
heliocentric system of Copernicus00:01:13
began to prevail over geocentric00:01:16
The Earth began to be considered a planet00:01:18
while the sun and moon were removed from00:01:21
this concept and then astronomers began00:01:23
discover other more distant planets00:01:25
satellite definition and map appeared00:01:28
the starry sky began its Transformation00:01:31
it would be logical to start with our native00:01:33
Solar system and find out what types00:01:36
planets have been familiar to us since ancient times of the solar00:01:39
system we see a clear division into two00:01:41
groups of four planets each00:01:43
the outer part of this area is occupied00:01:45
giant planets and the inner one significantly00:01:48
less massive terrestrial planets00:01:50
the group of giants is also usually divided00:01:53
bisected gas giants Jupiter and Saturn00:01:55
and ice giants Uranus and Neptune in the group00:01:59
a new type of planet is also planned00:02:01
halving Venus and earth00:02:04
extremely similar to each other00:02:06
many physical parameters and Mercury00:02:08
and Mars is an order of magnitude inferior to them in mass and00:02:12
almost devoid of atmosphere, even Mars has it00:02:14
hundreds of times smaller than Earth's, and Mercury's00:02:16
practically absent it should be noted00:02:19
that among two hundred satellites of planets00:02:21
at least 16 bodies can be identified00:02:24
having internal properties00:02:26
full-fledged planets are often00:02:28
exceed in size and mass00:02:30
the planets are dwarfs but at the same time it is located00:02:33
under the control of gravity significantly00:02:35
more massive bodies we are talking about the Moon00:02:38
Titan, Galilean satellites of Jupiter and them00:02:41
similar therefore it would be natural00:02:43
enter into the nomenclature of the Solar system00:02:45
a new group for such subordinates00:02:47
objects of planetary type, naming them00:02:50
planets satellites but for now this idea is in00:02:52
stage of discussion let's return to the planets00:02:55
terrestrial type compared to giants00:02:57
they are attractive because they have a hard00:02:59
to the surface on which they can00:03:01
land space probes00:03:03
automatic stations since the 1970s00:03:07
self-propelled vehicles of the USSR and the USA00:03:09
repeatedly sat down and worked successfully00:03:12
landings on the surface of Venus and Mars00:03:15
There has been no Mercury yet since flights to00:03:17
surroundings of the sun and landing on00:03:19
massive unatmospheric body coupled00:03:22
with big technical problems00:03:23
Studying terrestrial planets, astronomers do not00:03:27
they forget the earth itself, analysis of photographs from00:03:29
space has made it possible to understand a lot about00:03:31
dynamics of the earth's atmosphere in its structure00:03:34
upper layers in the processes occurring in00:03:37
its magnetosphere comparing with each other00:03:39
structure of the atmospheres of earth-like planets00:03:41
much can be understood in their history and00:03:44
more accurately predict their future00:03:46
the second group of planets are giant planets on00:03:49
at first glance it may seem00:03:50
primitive Well gas Yes and gas But this00:03:53
maybe because we're not doing well yet00:03:55
we know the nature of these four giants00:03:57
for example, to two icy Giant branes and00:04:00
Neptune in the entire history of astronomy only00:04:02
one day a space probe was approaching00:04:05
Voyager 2 And even then it didn’t fly00:04:07
stopping past them how much could he00:04:10
there to see and measure we can say that00:04:13
we have yet to study the ice giants00:04:15
haven't really started but here are two00:04:18
gas giants have been studied much00:04:20
in more detail because in addition to spans00:04:23
Pioneer 10 and 11 Voyager 1.2 devices00:04:26
Ulysses Cassini New Horizons next to00:04:29
artificial ones worked with them for a long time00:04:31
satellites Galileo and Juno which since 201600:04:34
years explored Jupiter and studied Cassini00:04:38
Saturn has been the most deeply explored00:04:40
namely Jupiter and in the literal sense00:04:44
its atmosphere from Galileo was00:04:46
a probe was dropped that flew there from00:04:48
at a speed of 48 km/s, the parachute opened and00:04:52
one hour dropped 156 km below00:04:56
the top edge of the clouds where, at external00:04:58
pressure00:04:59
atmosphere and temperature 153 degrees00:05:02
Celsius Stopped transmitting data via00:05:05
apparently due to overheating along the trajectory00:05:07
satellite he measured many parameters00:05:10
atmosphere, including even its isotopic00:05:12
composition This significantly enriched Not only00:05:15
planetology but also cosmology00:05:18
giant planets do not let go00:05:20
substance they forever retain that of00:05:23
what they were born with This is especially true00:05:25
Jupiter internal structure00:05:27
giant planets are still being studied only00:05:29
theoretically for direct penetration into00:05:32
their depths we have little chance and methods00:05:35
seismology, that is, acoustic00:05:36
probing has not yet been applied to them00:05:39
maybe someday we'll learn00:05:41
illuminate them with the help of neutrinos but before00:05:44
this is still far away and now we are going beyond00:05:46
limits of our system and it turns out that00:05:49
there are planets orbiting around00:05:51
other stars And their common name00:05:54
exoplanets they have huge00:05:56
variety from beautiful land-like00:05:58
worlds of hellish planets so named for00:06:01
merciless conditions on their surfaces00:06:03
here you can find everything from the planet from Diamond00:06:06
to planets located in the deep00:06:09
frozen among them there are planets00:06:11
being so close to their stars that00:06:14
their mass is lost every second and the planets00:06:16
so far from their sun that00:06:19
we're still not sure how they can do that00:06:22
some planets exist00:06:24
outcasts and wandering in the dark, others have00:06:27
such long periods of revolution around00:06:30
home star that one year in their world00:06:33
equal to 900 thousand earth years per00:06:36
today we have 373000:06:38
confirmed exoplanets00:06:41
2724 potential candidates00:06:44
exoplanets and00:06:45
2783 planetary star systems with00:06:48
confirmed planets among00:06:50
there are confirmed exoplanets00:06:53
1507 similar to our Neptune00:06:56
1192 gas giants similar to Jupiter00:07:00
Saturn or Uranus00:07:02
852 super-Earths, that is, the mass of which00:07:05
exceeds the mass of the earth 153 similar to Earth00:07:08
26 unknown planets That is, those that00:07:11
exert their influence on objects, but they00:07:14
have not yet found So some computer00:07:16
models show that certain00:07:18
objects of planetary mass can leave00:07:20
your system and go into the interstellar00:07:23
space some scientists argued00:07:25
what are such objects Already found freely00:07:28
wandering in space and they should00:07:30
classify as planets by naming them00:07:33
calling them orphan planets though00:07:35
others have suggested that they may be00:07:38
few massive stars yet another00:07:40
calculations showed that when00:07:42
gravitational collapse of a gas cloud00:07:44
not only stars can form but00:07:47
and smaller objects planetary objects00:07:50
masses formed in this way00:07:52
the soup is called brown dwarf soup00:07:55
brown dwarfs may be located in00:07:57
free swimming or around more00:08:00
large object for a short time00:08:02
time in 2006, astronomers believed00:08:05
that they found a binary system of such00:08:08
objects that researchers described00:08:10
like planemos or planetary objects00:08:13
mass However, further analysis allowed00:08:15
establish that their masses are most likely00:08:17
more than 13 Jupiter masses, which makes them00:08:21
into a brown dwarf system00:08:23
occurs and such that some00:08:25
large satellites are similar in size to00:08:27
planet Mercury or even surpass00:08:30
its for example Galilean satellites and Titan00:08:32
for such objects the term was proposed00:08:35
Planet satellite as for an object size00:08:37
from a planet orbiting another00:08:40
planets Similarly, objects the size of00:08:43
planet in the asteroid belt fillet belt00:08:45
Kuipers can also be considered planets00:08:47
There are also planets with a multiple00:08:50
orbit are exoplanets that00:08:52
do not orbit a single star00:08:55
like the Earth around the Sun and00:08:57
around double00:08:59
it is very rare for more stars00:09:01
the path of such a planet in this case00:09:03
is formed depending on the orbit of all00:09:06
stars first discovered exoplanet with00:09:09
multiple orbit was found in the system in00:09:11
constellation Sagittarius which consisted of00:09:13
pulsar and white dwarf and was in00:09:17
globular cluster M4 during each00:09:19
rotation of this pulsar in the direction00:09:21
the earth emits electromagnetic00:09:24
impulse greatest difference in intervals00:09:26
between impulses give reasons00:09:28
assume that there is a pulsar in orbit00:09:30
there are white dwarfs large Jupiter00:09:34
similar Planet And here is the next view00:09:36
planets are not of great interest00:09:39
only for the scientific community but also for00:09:41
ordinary people, did you think that you00:09:43
or your descendants will someday succeed00:09:46
visit another planet and of course00:09:48
it would be very nice if the conditions are00:09:50
she will be close to earthly ones00:09:52
such terrestrial exoplanets are accepted00:09:55
are supposed to be called mesoplanets00:09:58
that these planets have a similar composition00:10:00
butt for terrestrial planets00:10:02
there is a list of potentially life00:10:04
suitable exoplanets that00:10:06
sorted by similarity to00:10:09
land using the similarity index00:10:11
land developed by the laboratory00:10:13
planetary habitability at the university00:10:15
Puerto Rico in Russia similarity index00:10:18
earth is a parameter showing00:10:20
how close is the exoplanet00:10:23
corresponds to the earth index can00:10:25
take values in the range from 0 to 100:10:27
where one means the identity of the land00:10:30
a value between 0.8 and 1 corresponds00:10:33
rocky earth-like planets00:10:35
who may have similar lands00:10:37
atmosphere with moderate temperature00:10:40
support terrestrial life forms index00:10:42
is a function of the planet's radius00:10:44
density of the second escape velocity and00:10:47
surface temperatures in the methodology00:10:49
determination of life suitability of planets00:10:51
other parameters are also used, such as00:10:54
for example basic standard of living00:10:55
suitability distance from habitable00:10:58
zones and others based on these parameters00:11:00
scientists managed to create a list00:11:02
habitable exoplanets where is their number00:11:05
already reaches 60 for clarity we00:11:08
we can look at some planets from00:11:10
this list So kepler 1649c00:11:13
exoplanet orbiting red00:11:16
dwarf Caplar 1649 at a distance of about00:11:20
300 light years from earth in 202000:11:23
director of the scientific bureau of the K2 network Jeff00:11:26
Coughlin called it the most similar to earth00:11:29
planet discovered by space00:11:31
Kepler telescope index00:11:32
vitality is 910 percent00:11:35
exoplanet identified by NASA00:11:38
like Rocky and very close in size to00:11:41
on earth 1.06 earth radii it is located00:11:44
within the habitable zone of the Planet00:11:47
receives 75% of the Star's Light relative to00:11:50
Earth's equilibrium temperature00:11:52
surface is estimated at 234 Kelvin00:11:55
Based on this, depending on00:11:57
atmosphere surface temperature00:11:59
may be close enough to00:12:01
temperature of the earth, which makes it possible00:12:03
existence of water in liquid form composition00:12:06
atmosphere unknown another Planet00:12:09
teagarden bi exoplanets located on00:12:12
orbit within the star's habitable zone00:12:14
teagarden red dwarf00:12:16
located in the constellation Aries at 12.500:12:19
light years from the solar system00:12:21
the planet was discovered in June 201900:12:24
this is the fourth one nearby potentially00:12:27
habitable exoplanet as of00:12:30
April 2020 index of her life00:12:33
suitability is estimated at 95 percent00:12:36
According to the simulation, the probability that00:12:38
Nati Garden Bee's conditions coincide with00:12:41
earthly 60 percent this means that on00:12:44
it contains liquid water moderate00:12:46
temperatures and weather conditions If this00:12:49
so the Planet has a high chance of appearing00:12:51
complex organic life00:12:53
approximate average temperature00:12:55
According to scientists, it is 2800:12:58
degrees tigard star to dim00:13:01
red dwarf However Planet teagarden00:13:04
bi is closer to its star than00:13:06
Mercury to the Sun The planet makes00:13:08
a complete revolution around a star in less than one00:13:11
5 days which is also00:13:14
negative factor in the formation00:13:15
life but to know everything for sure for us00:13:18
need to keep exploring00:13:20
the space around us may be00:13:22
one day we'll be lucky enough to do something00:13:25
sensational discovery00:13:34
Hello our dear subscribers and00:13:37
viewers of the channel today Cosmic00:13:39
the journey invites you to find out more00:13:42
more about the planets around us but not about those00:13:45
which they constantly talk about00:13:47
dwarf yes yes our solar system00:13:50
this is a very interesting place here00:13:53
there are a lot of things you might be interested in00:13:56
find out well today let's figure it out00:13:58
what are dwarf planets like them00:14:01
appeared and where it is and also find out00:14:04
what secrets do these kids hide?00:14:06
take your seats and we will00:14:09
we begin the term dwarf planet00:14:12
appeared in 2006 as part of a new00:14:15
classification of solar system bodies00:14:17
objects are massive enough to00:14:19
to clear the surroundings00:14:21
orbits fell into the category of planets objects00:14:24
unable to reach hydrostatic00:14:27
equilibria were defined as small00:14:30
bodies or asteroids and planets occupied00:14:33
intermediate position between these00:14:35
categories at the moment00:14:37
international astronomical union00:14:39
officially adopted five dwarf planets00:14:42
Ceres Pluto Eridu Holmeo Maki Maki of00:14:47
of this list, only Pluto was demoted00:14:49
title and the rest, on the contrary, went to00:14:51
promotion from being just one of00:14:54
asteroids However, it is possible that as00:14:56
at least 40 already known objects00:14:58
Solar system belong to this00:15:00
categories at least one more00:15:03
large object in the asteroid belt00:15:05
Pallas Can be classified as00:15:07
dwarf planet if it turns out that it is00:15:10
shape is determined by hydrostatic00:15:12
balance is not yet convincingly00:15:15
proven in the same way as sedna Although there are no masses00:15:18
assigned her this status by some00:15:20
scientists consider it as such, according to00:15:23
definition of international00:15:24
Astronomical Union dwarf00:15:26
The planet must satisfy the following00:15:28
criteria to orbit around00:15:31
The sun doesn't have enough mass to00:15:34
so that under the influence of gravity00:15:35
maintain hydrostatic equilibrium00:15:38
and a close to spherical shape is not00:15:41
to be a satellite of the planet00:15:43
dominate your field00:15:44
space in the vicinity of its orbit00:15:47
there must be other comparable00:15:49
mass objects most dwarf00:15:51
planets located in the kuiper belt00:15:54
disc-shaped area extending from00:15:56
Neptune's orbit to a distance of about 5500:15:59
astronomical units from the sun00:16:01
It's interesting that the moon is superior in00:16:04
the size of all dwarf planets for example00:16:06
The diameter of the Moon is greater than the diameter of Pluto00:16:09
almost one and a half times the closest to us00:16:12
Dwarf Planet Ceres is00:16:14
largest and most massive body in00:16:17
solar asteroid belt00:16:19
systems between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter00:16:21
length of day on dwarfs00:16:24
different planets for example one day00:16:26
on Ceres is equal to 9 Earth hours exactly00:16:30
this is how long it takes dwarf threads00:16:32
to rotate around your00:16:35
axis year on a dwarf is equal to 4.5 Earth years00:16:38
years Ceres celestial body named in00:16:42
honor of the ancient Greek goddess of fertility00:16:44
was discovered earlier than other dwarfs in00:16:47
1801 its surface consists of00:16:50
various clayey rocks with impurities00:16:53
ice underneath them lies a thick layer of ice00:16:55
mantle and shallow rocky core Atmosphere00:16:58
Ceres represents a discharged00:17:01
water vapor loses 6 kg of mass per second00:17:04
ceres due to the evaporation of water from00:17:06
surface of dwarf planet satellites00:17:09
the smallest dwarf does not00:17:11
discovered next on our list00:17:13
consider Rida Iris is located in00:17:16
area of the scattered disk remote00:17:18
parts of the solar system filled00:17:20
ice bodies, it itself also consists of00:17:23
hydrocarbon ices that evaporate00:17:26
create a thin temporary gas00:17:28
shell Iris the most massive planet00:17:31
dwarf by She is only slightly inferior00:17:33
Pluto has a high orbit00:17:36
eccentricity coefficient and00:17:38
strongly inclined to the ecliptic plane00:17:41
due to such orbital characteristics00:17:43
iris is classified as isolated00:17:45
trans-Neptunian objects celestial body00:17:48
away from the sun on average 1000:17:49
billions of kilometers because of what on his00:17:52
surface temperature does not rise00:17:54
higher - 253 degrees another dwarf00:17:59
Kuiper belt planet called Maquis00:18:02
maque was opened almost simultaneously with00:18:04
Iris is named after the goddess of abundance00:18:07
who is worshiped by the island's aborigines00:18:09
Easter due to its distance from the sun00:18:12
makemaki remains poorly studied00:18:14
the object is not yet possible to accurately00:18:16
establish her basic physical00:18:18
parameters but according to preliminary calculations00:18:21
it ranks fourth in size00:18:23
and the fifth largest mass among all planets00:18:26
dwarfs its surface is covered00:18:28
methane ice and polymer00:18:30
hydrocarbons constant atmosphere00:18:33
this Kuiper belt object does not have00:18:36
makemaki there is tiny very dim00:18:38
satellite faint shine of this moon00:18:40
makes it difficult to study it thoroughly00:18:42
one of the most unusual objects on00:18:45
the edge of the solar system is00:18:47
dwarf planet hill it was discovered00:18:50
only in 2004 it has a diameter00:18:53
makes a full revolution in about 100 km00:18:56
around the Sun in 284 years, but the most00:18:59
the strange thing is its rotation period00:19:01
around its axis xiaomi - This is the most00:19:04
rapidly rotating object in the solar00:19:06
the dwarf planet system makes full00:19:09
revolution around its axis, that is, on it00:19:12
One day passes in four Earth hours00:19:15
Scientists among us may have figured out how00:19:17
this strange planet appeared writes00:19:19
Space from the rest of its dwarf planets00:19:22
distinguished by its ovoid shape and incredible00:19:25
rotation speed around its own axis00:19:28
another unique feature of haoma00:19:30
the presence of rings and a whole family of small ones00:19:34
bodies resulting from a collision00:19:36
celestial body with a large asteroid00:19:38
transverse and longitudinal diameter00:19:40
planetary dwarfs vary greatly00:19:43
the equator hills are almost equal to pluto then00:19:46
like across it's half its size00:19:48
Haoma is located in the Kuiper belt at 6.4300:19:53
billions of kilometers from the sun on its00:19:56
movement is slightly affected by gravity00:19:58
Neptune's composition is also dwarf00:20:00
represents an icy celestial body00:20:02
its surface is00:20:05
thick layer of water ice with impurities00:20:07
minerals and hydrocarbons of the atmosphere are not00:20:11
has Simulation results showed00:20:13
that at the beginning of its history, Hauma was on00:20:17
3% more than now and that's the difference00:20:19
explains the appearance of relatives00:20:21
dwarf planet, scientists also found out00:20:24
which is most likely originally a hill00:20:26
rotated at a different speed and its volume00:20:30
was more than now the same00:20:32
something unusual happened once upon a time00:20:34
considered a full-fledged planet00:20:36
Pluto no longer fits this00:20:38
definition of just one criterion is not00:20:40
allows us to establish it as a planet00:20:42
The solar system he must clear00:20:45
vicinity of its orbit That is, it00:20:47
must be gravitational dominant and00:20:50
there should be no other bodies nearby00:20:52
comparable size other than his own00:20:54
satellites or those under it00:20:56
by gravitational influence and its mass00:20:59
makes up only 7% of the total mass of objects00:21:02
kuiper belt known fact mass of the earth00:21:05
1.7 million times more compared to00:21:08
other objects of the solar system00:21:09
which is located in its vicinity00:21:12
orbits by Soviet scientists back in the 1950s00:21:16
years, it was suggested that Pluto00:21:19
is only the largest with dwarf00:21:21
planets that orbit in this area00:21:23
outer space by loved ones00:21:25
orbits in the international astronomical00:21:27
The Union decided to determine00:21:30
Pluto is in the category according to two criteria at once00:21:33
dwarf planets and as a prototype00:21:35
class of trans-Neptunian bodies which00:21:38
later they became known as plutoids00:21:40
June 11, 2008 mass officially00:21:44
approved the name of trans-Neptunian bodies00:21:47
plutoids are among the plutoids00:21:49
dwarf planets Pluto and Iris later00:21:52
they were joined by poppies poppies and hills00:21:55
dwarf planet Ceres was left without00:21:58
attention and was not included in the plutoid class 700:22:01
September of the same year Pluto officially00:22:04
got a number00:22:06
134.340 in the catalog of minor planets if00:22:10
initially he had the status of a dwarf00:22:12
planet, then his number would be among00:22:14
first thousand and so on this place00:22:16
there is a cabalda00:22:19
1164 it was opened a month after00:22:22
Pluto has 5 moons and that's it00:22:25
they were opened relatively recently00:22:27
already in the two thousand years, however00:22:30
some of America's population was not00:22:32
satisfied with the decision of the international00:22:34
astronomical union and residents tried00:22:37
convince astronomers that Pluto00:22:39
solar system planet speaking on00:22:42
street protests with slogans Save00:22:44
Pluto March 13, 200700:22:47
state legislature00:22:49
New Mexico unanimously decided that00:22:51
in Pluto in her Mexican sky always00:22:54
will be considered a planet on February 26, 200900:22:59
year a similar resolution was adopted00:23:01
state senate Or where I'm from00:23:03
discoverer of Pluto Clyde Tomba00:23:06
it didn't change the decision of the masses. Now00:23:09
let's step back even further and take a look00:23:12
for some objects that are claimed00:23:14
the only one for the title of dwarf planets00:23:17
known possible dwarf planet00:23:20
Worth cloud was opened in November 200300:23:23
named after the goddess of the sea00:23:26
animals in Eskimo mythology are considered00:23:29
One of the most distant bodies00:23:31
solar system which makes it very difficult00:23:34
her research is known that by size00:23:36
and the mass among all the dwarf planets00:23:39
second only to Ceres, the surface of Sedna00:23:42
layer of methane and water ice00:23:44
permanent atmosphere celestial body not00:23:47
has the exact temperature set yet00:23:49
failed due to high eccentricity00:23:51
orbit and great distance from the sun00:23:54
the year in Sedna is the longest among00:23:57
famous objects of the solar system00:23:59
lasts 11.5 thousand years in 201800:24:03
American planetary scientists chat Trujillo and00:24:06
Scott Shepard opened another one00:24:09
candidate for dwarf planet a00:24:11
exactly 201800:24:13
vg-18 its diameter is approximately 50000:24:17
km and it rotates in a very elongated00:24:20
orbit, the point closest to the Sun00:24:23
orbit is at a distance of approximately00:24:25
69 astronomical units that is00:24:28
about twice as far as Pluto A00:24:31
most in 530 astronomical units in00:24:34
moment of discovery Object which00:24:36
unofficially called faraut from00:24:39
English was very far away00:24:41
distant object in the solar system but it00:24:44
was removed by 108 astronomical units00:24:47
from the sun then Shepard and Trujillo00:24:50
opened another similar facility in 201800:24:54
ag37 it could be located even further than00:24:57
Faraud is why scientists named the object00:25:00
porcelain is very, very far away, scientists are not00:25:04
knew the exact distance until 201800:25:07
so they couldn’t say which of the two00:25:10
there are more objects worthy of this name00:25:12
They recently resolved this dilemma00:25:15
thanks to the Magellan and Gemma telescopes00:25:17
Nords which are installed in Hawaiian00:25:19
islands it turned out that Orbit is porcelain00:25:22
also elongated like its competitor00:25:25
the point closest to the luminary00:25:28
approaches the sun at 27 astronomical degrees00:25:31
which is comparable to the orbital position00:25:34
Neptune and at its farthest is located in00:25:36
170 astronomical units in size00:25:39
2018 and 37 are slightly inferior to the second00:25:43
on a dwarf planet its diameter is00:25:46
approximately 400 km according to modern data00:25:49
one revolution around the porcelain luminary00:25:52
completes in about 1000 years00:25:54
Neptune periodically approaches00:25:57
according to Shepard and his colleagues, these00:25:59
convergences are especially interesting for00:26:01
astronomers because thanks to their study00:26:03
you can find out many details from00:26:06
history of the formation of the solar system in00:26:08
In particular, planetary scientists hope that00:26:10
further observations for 201800:26:13
can understand when and how it is dwarf00:26:18
The planet was thrown out from distant00:26:20
outskirts of the solar system in its00:26:22
central regions where it is00:26:24
supposedly taken over by attraction00:26:26
Neptune's answer to this question will help00:26:29
scientists understand what factors are involved00:26:31
number of presence not yet open00:26:33
major planet X influence the movement and00:26:36
location of dwarf planets00:26:39
beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto00:26:41
astronomers at the European Southern Observatory00:26:43
announced the discovery in Solnechnaya00:26:46
systems of the new dwarf planet Hygiea00:26:49
the tiniest one known to us00:26:52
of similar objects hygiene named in00:26:54
honor of the ancient Greek goddess of health00:26:56
located in the main asteroid belt00:26:59
orbiting the Sun between orbits00:27:01
Mars and Jupiter dwarf diameter00:27:04
the planet is only about 430 km00:27:07
strictly speaking, he was the first to discover Hygeia00:27:10
Italian astronomer and not points Gaspares00:27:13
170 years ago in 1849 but before00:27:18
today was officially considered00:27:20
asteroid is the reason for the official00:27:22
the change in classification was due to the fact that00:27:25
scientists for the first time succeeded in detail00:27:27
examine Hygeia with the help of a very00:27:30
large telescope installed in00:27:32
Paranal Observatory in Chile00:27:34
Atacama Desert Hygiea as it is now00:27:37
it turned out to be almost perfect00:27:39
spherical shape and therefore corresponds00:27:41
defining a dwarf planet today00:27:44
astronomers continue to search for dwarf stars00:27:46
planets of the solar system and their list00:27:49
constantly expanding in00:27:51
In 2017-19, a theory was put forward that00:27:55
Hygiea is the fourth largest asteroid00:27:57
the main belt should be upgraded to00:28:00
planetary scale the question remains00:28:03
debatable as of 202000:28:07
dwarf planets that are included in00:28:09
The composition of the solar system is still bad00:28:11
studied and if to large planets00:28:13
there are no questions about classification then00:28:16
they remain small, which means we00:28:18
We should expect new discoveries in the near future00:28:21
time00:28:28
every day we walk on its surface00:28:30
we breathe her air and consume her Gifts00:28:34
but very rarely do we think about it as00:28:36
about our only protector from00:28:39
external dangers that are literally00:28:41
surrounded on all sides because our dear00:28:43
The planet is not only our place00:28:46
habitats It's literally a part of us00:28:49
Just like all of us are its components00:28:51
It is believed that the Earth formed around 400:28:54
billion00:28:56
567 million years ago by cretation from00:29:00
protoplanetary disk disk-shaped00:29:02
masses of gas and dust remaining from00:29:05
sun formation volcanic00:29:07
degassing created the primary atmosphere00:29:09
planet, but there was almost no oxygen in it00:29:12
and it would be toxic to people and00:29:15
modern life most of the Earth00:29:17
was melted due to active00:29:19
volcanism and frequent collisions with00:29:21
other space objects00:29:23
it is assumed that one of these large00:29:25
collisions caused the tilt of the earth's axis00:29:28
and the formation of the moon over time such00:29:31
space bombing has stopped00:29:33
What allowed the planet to cool and00:29:36
form a hard crust delivered to00:29:39
planet with comets and asteroids, water with00:29:41
condensed into clouds and oceans Earth00:29:44
became suitable for life and the earliest00:29:47
its forms enriched the atmosphere with oxygen00:29:49
at least the first billion years00:29:51
life on earth existed in small and00:29:54
microscopic forms and about 58000:29:57
millions of years ago a complex00:30:00
multicellular life and during00:30:02
she survived the Cambrian period00:30:04
process of rapid diversification in00:30:07
most basic types around 600:30:10
million years ago from hominids00:30:12
the homini lineage split off which led to00:30:15
the appearance of chimpanzees and subsequently to00:30:17
to modern man let us make a reservation that00:30:19
exactly how life appeared on our00:30:22
we can't tell the planet00:30:24
prone to theories about basic properties and00:30:27
so-called carbon chauvinism00:30:30
someone refers to the impossibility of00:30:32
extremely negligible probability00:30:34
the appearance of those very properties themselves00:30:37
themselves and appeal to the directed00:30:39
highly organized program00:30:41
laid on the basis of foundations unknown to us00:30:44
be that as it may, this question will still arise00:30:46
considered by scientists more than once00:30:49
observation of the Earth from space the first thing00:30:51
striking oceans of liquid water with00:30:55
in terms of surface area of the oceans00:30:57
covers approximately 70 percent of the ground00:31:00
What is one of the most unique00:31:03
properties of our planet similar to the atmosphere00:31:06
Earth's presence of liquid water is00:31:08
necessary criterion for maintaining00:31:10
life scientists believe that for the first time life00:31:13
appeared on earth 3.8 billion years ago00:31:16
it is in the ocean that the opportunity00:31:19
moving on land appeared among the living00:31:21
creatures much later planetary scientists00:31:24
explain the presence of oceans on earth by two00:31:26
reason The first one is herself00:31:29
Earth there is an assumption that in00:31:31
time of earth formation Atmosphere00:31:33
planet was able to capture large volumes00:31:36
water vapor over time geological00:31:39
the mechanisms of the planet are primarily its00:31:41
volcanic activity released this00:31:44
water vapor into the atmosphere and then into00:31:46
atmosphere, this steam condensed and00:31:49
fell to the surface of the planet in the form00:31:51
liquid water ice which predominated in their00:31:54
composition and formed the existing00:31:56
earth bodies of water the surface of the planet00:31:58
has been constantly changing for hundreds of years00:32:01
millions of years, continents appeared and00:32:03
collapsed moved across the surface00:32:05
periodically gathering in00:32:08
supercontinent then diverging into00:32:10
isolated continents so about 750 million00:32:13
years ago a single wound split00:32:16
then its parts were combined into panotya00:32:20
600-540 million years ago and then in00:32:23
The last of the supercontinents, Pangea00:32:25
which broke up 180 million years ago00:32:29
Despite the fact that most00:32:31
surface of the Earth is located under it00:32:33
oceans dry surface has a lot00:32:36
distinctive features when comparing the Earth with00:32:39
other solar solids00:32:41
system its surface is strikingly00:32:43
different because there are no craters on it00:32:45
According to planetary scientists, this does not mean00:32:48
that the Earth escaped numerous00:32:50
impacts of small cosmic bodies, but rather00:32:53
indicates that the evidence00:32:55
similar influences were erased00:32:57
perhaps there are many00:32:59
geological processes responsible for00:33:02
this But scientists identify two most00:33:04
weathering and erosion are considered important00:33:07
that in many ways it is the double impact00:33:10
of these factors influenced the erasure from00:33:12
faces of the earth traces of craters so00:33:15
weathering breaks the surface00:33:17
structures into smaller pieces00:33:19
not to mention chemical and physical00:33:21
methods of atmospheric exposure00:33:23
example of chemical weathering00:33:25
are acidic example of physical00:33:28
weathering abrasion of river beds00:33:31
caused by rocks contained in00:33:33
running water, the second mechanism is erosion00:33:36
is inherently an impact on00:33:38
relief movement of particles water ice wind00:33:41
or earth thus influenced00:33:43
weathering and erosion have been erased00:33:46
impact craters on our planet due to00:33:49
what some were educated00:33:51
relief features are also scientists00:33:53
There are two geological mechanisms00:33:55
which in their opinion were able to form00:33:58
the surface of the Earth is the first to00:34:00
the mechanism is volcanic00:34:02
activity process of magma release00:34:04
molten rocks from the depths of the earth Through00:34:07
ruptures in its cortex are possible precisely because00:34:10
cause of volcanic activity on earth00:34:12
the bark was changed and were formed00:34:15
the islands are a clear example00:34:18
Hawaiian Islands second mechanism00:34:20
define mountains of formation or00:34:22
formation of mountains as a result of compression00:34:25
tectonic plates if we started talking about00:34:28
tectonic plates, it’s impossible not to00:34:30
mention earthquakes which too00:34:32
affect the appearance of its surface by the way00:34:35
the strongest tremors in history00:34:37
observations of moment magnitude 9.5 What00:34:41
is the maximum value on the scale00:34:43
Richter occurred on May 22, 1960 in00:34:48
Chile is like other planets on earth00:34:50
Earth group consists of three components00:34:52
cores of the mantle and crust at present00:34:56
science is sure that the core of our planet00:34:58
consists of two separate layers00:35:01
solid nickel inner core and00:35:04
iron and outer core of00:35:06
molten nickel and iron while00:35:09
the mantle is very dense00:35:11
and almost completely solid silicate00:35:14
rock its thickness is approximately00:35:17
2850 km Kara also consists of silicate00:35:21
rocks and varies in thickness00:35:24
time as continental crust ranges00:35:26
are from 20 to 40 km thick00:35:29
oceanic crust is much thinner00:35:32
from 6 to 11 km By the way, if it were possible00:35:36
drill a tunnel through the ground and00:35:38
jump into it and the fall would last00:35:40
about 42 minutes the earth's density is higher00:35:43
any other planet00:35:46
5515 grams per cubic centimeter more00:35:49
one distinctive feature of the earth00:35:51
relative to other terrestrial planets00:35:53
this is what its bark is divided into cold00:35:56
rigid slabs that rest on00:35:58
hot mantle located below00:36:01
Moreover, these plates are in constant00:36:04
movement along borders as a rule00:36:06
two processes are carried out at once00:36:08
known as subduction and spreading during00:36:12
subduction time two plates enter into00:36:14
contact producing an earthquake and one00:36:17
the plate runs over another second00:36:19
the process is separation00:36:21
when two plates move away from each other00:36:24
one of the necessary conditions for00:36:26
lifelong existence on earth without00:36:28
doubt is her atmosphere She00:36:31
consists of approximately 78 percent nitrogen00:36:34
21 percent oxygen and one percent00:36:38
There is also absolutely argon in the composition00:36:40
small amount of dioxide00:36:42
carbon and other gases are noteworthy00:36:45
that nitrogen and oxygen are necessary for00:36:47
creation00:36:48
deoxyribonucleic acid00:36:49
production of biological energy without00:36:52
which life is impossible to exist00:36:55
In addition, the oxygen present in00:36:57
protects the ozone layer of the atmosphere00:36:59
surface of the planet and absorbs harmful00:37:02
solar radiation is curious what00:37:04
significant amount of oxygen00:37:06
present in the atmosphere is created by00:37:09
on the ground it is formed as a by-product00:37:11
product of photosynthesis when a plant00:37:13
converts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into00:37:16
oxygen essentially This means that00:37:19
without plants the amount of carbon dioxide00:37:21
in the atmosphere it would be much higher00:37:24
oxygen levels are significantly lower with00:37:26
one If the carbon dioxide level00:37:29
will rise It is likely that the Earth00:37:31
will suffer from the greenhouse effect00:37:33
like on Venus on the other side if00:37:35
carbon dioxide percentage00:37:38
that decrease will even be a little lower00:37:41
greenhouse effect would lead to a dramatic00:37:43
cold snap thus current00:37:45
carbon dioxide levels contribute to00:37:47
ideal range of comfortable00:37:50
temperatures from -88 to 58 degrees Celsius00:37:55
As you know, our planet is in00:37:57
giant cloud of deadly particles00:37:59
coming from the sun and from the entire galaxy in00:38:02
in general, and we live on this planet because00:38:04
that these particles are not on us00:38:06
strong magnetic field collapses00:38:09
The earth makes them bend around it00:38:11
explore further into space while00:38:13
the powerful solar wind seems to flatten00:38:16
magnetosphere from the side that00:38:18
looks at the luminary But even so she00:38:21
extends over 70 thousand kilometers it00:38:24
a good dozen radii of the Earth and on the other00:38:26
magnetic field is formed completely00:38:29
a gigantic plume worth a couple of hundred earthly00:38:32
radii in 1905 Albert Einstein00:38:36
called this question one of the main00:38:38
the mysteries of 20th century physics must be recognized00:38:41
after a hundred years it cannot be said that she00:38:44
finally solved we know that00:38:46
magnetic field occurs where there is00:38:48
electric current means planet earth00:38:51
is a giant00:38:52
electric generator Asked as B00:38:55
this electricity arises in the depths00:38:58
until now we were sure that it was in the core00:39:00
consists of two parts external liquid00:39:03
shells of molten iron and00:39:06
the core is also Iron, but because of00:39:08
incredible pressure, hard and now at00:39:11
interaction of solid and liquid parts00:39:13
heat exchange occurs and convective currents occur00:39:16
as a consequence of electricity as is known00:39:19
iron conducts current very well, so00:39:22
Everything fits together, however, as everything turns out00:39:24
Yes, not the whole point is that the heart has become00:39:27
solid relatively recently 1.5 billion00:39:30
years ago, French scientists declared that00:39:33
the lower layer of the earth's mantle remained00:39:35
liquid for about a couple of billion years00:39:38
now I must say the mantle is almost solid00:39:40
again due to pressure only in the most00:39:43
the upper part remains viscous magma00:39:45
which sometimes breaks to the surface00:39:48
and from volcano vents The problem is that00:39:51
even in the form of plastic liquid mantle00:39:53
the substance has always been considered very bad00:39:55
conductor of electricity but the point is00:39:58
that we should test it somewhere in a laboratory00:40:00
it's not like watching him00:40:03
In the bowels of the earth, therefore, scientists from00:40:05
University of California at San Diego00:40:07
decided to find out everything in the most likely way00:40:10
in today's most advanced way00:40:12
by calculations based on principles00:40:15
quantum mechanics made it possible00:40:17
it is not possible to simulate the behavior of a substance00:40:20
here on the surface, namely at the very00:40:22
the earth's core and so it turned out that on00:40:25
such a depth of mantle Quite00:40:27
electrically conductive anyway Dynamo00:40:30
can support So it’s the mantle00:40:33
initially defended the land with her00:40:34
a blanket and without it to life on the planet00:40:37
might not have happened But here's a little more00:40:39
interesting facts about the magnetic field00:40:42
aurora is caused by00:40:44
sudden change in magnetic field00:40:46
the geographic pole of the earth does not coincide00:40:49
with magnetic displacement speed magnetic00:40:52
poles is growing every year00:40:54
leads to the fact that it is constantly necessary00:40:56
adjust navigation systems00:40:58
using a magnetic field00:41:01
magnetized many years ago by Ferry00:41:03
magnetic rocks are partially preserved or00:41:06
completely remanent magnetization00:41:07
it was also noticed that magnetization00:41:10
soil changes accelerate plant growth00:41:13
geomagnetic field of the earth is continuous00:41:16
the first time the Earth was photographed from00:41:18
space in 1959 by Explorer 600:41:23
the first person to see the Earth from00:41:26
space in 1961 Yuri Gagarin a00:41:30
The Apollo 8 crew in 1968 was the first to00:41:34
watched Earthrise from lunar orbit00:41:37
outer space and from the outer planets00:41:39
located beyond the earth's orbit you can00:41:42
observe the earth's passage through phases00:41:44
similar to lunar as well as terrestrial00:41:46
the observer can see the phases of Venus00:41:49
discovered by Galileo Galilei on earth00:41:51
it takes approximately 365 days to00:41:54
to make a complete revolution in orbit00:41:57
around the sun the length of our year is related00:41:59
pretty much with average00:42:01
orbital distance of the earth which00:42:03
is one and a half to 10-8 degrees00:42:06
kilometers At such an orbital00:42:08
distance sunlight is required in00:42:11
on average about 8 minutes and 20 seconds for00:42:14
reaching the earth's surface at00:42:16
orbital eccentricity Earth's orbit00:42:19
is one of the most circular in the whole00:42:21
the solar system as a result00:42:23
intensity of sunlight on earth00:42:26
remains virtually unchanged all round00:42:28
year nevertheless the position of the earth on00:42:30
determines its orbit by one or another00:42:32
season the tilt of the earth's axis is00:42:35
approximately00:42:36
23.45 degrees is required for this earth00:42:40
24 hours to complete one00:42:43
rotation around its axis is the most00:42:45
rapid rotation among the terrestrial planets00:42:47
groups But a little slower than everyone else00:42:50
gas planets are relatively large00:42:53
Earth's natural satellite Moon is larger00:42:55
towards your planet than anyone00:42:58
another satellite of the solar system in00:43:00
floor program time from the surface of the Moon00:43:02
rocks were brought to earth00:43:05
radiometric dating of these rocks00:43:07
showed that the Moon arose at least00:43:09
at least 30 million years after that00:43:12
how the solar system was formed00:43:14
new data suggests that00:43:16
the moon formed even later00:43:19
70-110 million after occurrence00:43:21
Solar System Today we looked at00:43:24
our home planet only from the outside00:43:27
covering a small fraction of currently known00:43:29
moment of facts probably If you try00:43:32
combine all knowledge about the earth into one00:43:34
you could watch the entire video00:43:36
life but in this diversity of ours00:43:39
the planet is all its beauty that we00:43:42
with you should be able to keep00:43:54
Venus is mysterious and unique as00:43:57
the goddess after whom she was named little00:44:00
which scientist focused on00:44:02
rocky planet as a habitat00:44:04
something living But for decades scientists00:44:08
looked for signs of life in other places00:44:10
usually looking at Mars And recently at00:44:13
Europa Enceladus and other icy moons00:44:16
giant planets But in vain Venus found how00:44:20
surprise skeptics by deducing space00:44:22
research to a new level veneers00:44:25
observed for thousands of years as one of00:44:28
two bodies between the Earth and the Sun back in00:44:31
the times of the ancient Romans it was clear that00:44:33
Venus was one of the four planets00:44:36
besides the earth being the brightest and00:44:39
notable Romans named Venus in honor00:44:41
his goddess of love beauty as a result00:44:44
its name of the planet Naturally00:44:46
associated with love and femininity00:44:49
and romance throughout history often00:44:53
notes that Venus and Earth are00:44:55
twin planets due to their similarity in00:44:58
dimensions density mass and volume Although00:45:01
these planetary characteristics00:45:03
Venus and earth are relatively identical00:45:05
still differ significantly in many ways00:45:08
other factors as in the case of00:45:11
Mercury our knowledge about Venus00:45:13
increased significantly during the second00:45:15
half of the 20th century, for example, in several00:45:18
planetary missions conducted by NASA and00:45:21
Soviet Union since00:45:23
In the 1960s, scientists hoped to find00:45:26
evidence that the conditions are under00:45:28
extremely dense clouds00:45:30
covering the planet allow us to find00:45:33
life but is it so and what are the features00:45:36
Venus managed to recognize Venus the second00:45:39
planet from the Sun and third brightest00:45:42
object in the Earth's sky after the sun and00:45:44
the moons may actually be Venus00:45:46
look so bright that the pilot on00:45:49
on board an Air Canada flight in January 201100:45:52
years ago took the dazzling planet as00:45:56
the plane is approaching The pilot sent00:45:59
your plane for an emergency dive00:46:01
To avoid a mid-air collision with00:46:03
what investigators later determined was00:46:06
the planet Venus was reported as such00:46:08
Canadian aviation representatives00:46:10
transport billions of years ago climate00:46:13
Venus could have a similar climate to Earth00:46:16
scientists believe that Venus once had00:46:19
large amounts of water or oceans00:46:21
However, due to high temperatures00:46:24
caused by a greenhouse emergency00:46:26
the effect is that the water has long since boiled away and00:46:28
The surface of the planet is now very hot00:46:31
and hostile to maintain life00:46:33
although other scientists are not so much00:46:36
are categorical in their statements00:46:38
Venus can be divided into two broad00:46:41
layer one is the Cloud layer which00:46:44
effectively covers the entire planet second00:46:47
that's all that's below those clouds00:46:50
the clouds surrounding Venus range from00:46:53
up to 80 km above the surface of the planet and00:46:57
consist predominantly of sulfur dioxide00:47:00
so2 and sulfuric acid these clouds00:47:03
so dense reflective 60%00:47:07
sunlight that Venus receives00:47:09
through the thick clouds surrounding Venus00:47:12
details of its surface are impossible00:47:14
get simple photographic00:47:16
Fortunately, scientists were able to00:47:19
use the method00:47:20
radar display for00:47:22
obtaining this information Although how00:47:25
photography and radar work00:47:28
collecting radiation reflected from an object00:47:31
the difference lies in the forms collected00:47:33
radiation photography collects visible00:47:36
Light emission and radar00:47:39
microwave radiation first00:47:41
surface radar reflections00:47:43
Venus using space00:47:45
ships took place in 1978 when00:47:50
spaceship Venus began orbit00:47:53
surface discovered around the planet00:47:56
consisting mainly of plains00:47:59
formed by ancient lava flows00:48:01
with only two mountainous regions and00:48:04
Starterra and Aphrodite Terra space00:48:07
devices from several countries visited00:48:09
Venus, including the successful series00:48:12
What did Venus accomplish in the Soviet Union?00:48:15
first landings on the planet's surface00:48:17
Magellan's mission was also successful00:48:20
NASA which studied Venus from 1990 to00:48:24
1994 in 1990 spaceship00:48:29
Magellan began his orbit around Venus in00:48:32
addition to execution00:48:34
radar display Magellan00:48:36
also implemented more00:48:38
advanced radar00:48:40
an image that has collected much00:48:42
Magellan found more precise details00:48:45
approximately 1000 impact craters Interesting00:48:48
that none of the craters seen00:48:51
had a diameter of less than 2 km00:48:53
additional observations regarding00:48:55
the size of the impact craters helped shed00:48:58
light on the age of the planet's surface00:49:01
estimated age of the surface of Venus00:49:03
is about 300-400 million years for00:49:06
comparisons The surface of the earth has00:49:08
age about 100 million years But the most00:49:12
interesting things happened next while00:49:14
Cold Mars covered by NASA probes00:49:16
Venus is studied by only one probe, Lonely00:49:20
Japanese Akatsuki spaceship00:49:22
image of Venus made from data00:49:25
recorded by Japanese space missions00:49:27
Akatsuki ships in 2016 are impressive00:49:31
high in the planet's toxic atmosphere00:49:33
Astronomers on earth have discovered Venus00:49:35
signs of what could be life00:49:38
astronomers using powerful telescopes00:49:41
discovered the chemical phosphine in00:49:44
thick atmosphere of Venus00:49:46
the interesting thing is that he just can’t be there00:49:49
maybe the appearance of phosphine does not have00:49:51
reasonable explanation00:49:53
after many tests00:49:55
some scientists began to argue that00:49:57
something alive now exists on00:50:00
this is the only thing on the planet00:50:02
explaining the source of the chemical00:50:04
substances, some researchers put00:50:07
question this hypothesis and instead00:50:09
they assume that gas can00:50:11
arise due to unknown00:50:13
atmospheric or geological processes00:50:16
on the planet But which ones remain a mystery00:50:19
This finding also prompts some00:50:22
Don't ask planetarium scientists00:50:25
has humanity missed the planet?00:50:26
which once may have been more00:50:29
more like earth than any other world00:50:32
our solar system is amazing00:50:35
and an unexpected find said Sarah Seeger00:50:39
MIT planetarium scientist00:50:41
Institute of Technology is00:50:43
will certainly contribute00:50:45
further research into the possibility00:50:47
life in the atmosphere of Venus she added00:50:50
Venus has been ignored by NASA for so long00:50:53
really a shame Jim Bridinstine00:50:56
NASA administrator responded to the findings in00:50:59
Twitter said it's time to prioritize00:51:02
Venus chemists compare phosphine with00:51:05
pyramid occupies one phosphorus atom00:51:07
base of three hydrogen atoms00:51:10
NASA Cassini spacecraft00:51:12
discovered it in the atmosphere of Jupiter and00:51:15
Saturn in this situation is the doctor of sauce00:51:18
Silva said that for the formation00:51:20
phosphine does not need life enormous heat and00:51:23
pressure can jam phosphorus atoms and00:51:26
hydrogen together forming a molecule but on00:51:30
smaller rocky planets such as00:51:32
earth and Venus say researchers00:51:34
insufficient energy to00:51:36
produce large amounts of phosphine00:51:39
in the same way However, there is one thing00:51:41
it seems to be produced very well00:51:44
anaerobic life or microbial organisms00:51:46
who don't need or don't use00:51:49
oxygen in such worlds as we are00:51:52
we can only judge life00:51:54
create phosphine said doctor sauce00:51:57
Silva She studied gas a long time ago, believing that00:52:00
detection of its emissions from rocky00:52:02
planets orbiting distant stars00:52:05
may serve as evidence00:52:07
existence of life in other places00:52:09
Milky Way phosphine here on Earth00:52:12
found in our intestines in feces00:52:15
badgers and penguins in some00:52:17
deep sea worms and also in other00:52:20
biological environments associated with00:52:22
anaerobic organisms it also00:52:24
extremely poisonous used by the military00:52:27
it is for chemical warfare, but scientists still00:52:30
did not explain how earthly people make it00:52:32
microbes the team needed more powerful00:52:35
telescope and scientists in the next00:52:37
used a large millimeter00:52:40
Atacama massif in Chile in March 201900:52:44
this time they discovered that everything00:52:47
signs pointed to phosphine and a lot of it00:52:50
ranging from 5 to 20 ppb00:52:53
Although these numbers may seem00:52:55
small it is thousands of times more than00:52:58
Earth's atmosphere Doctor Sauce Silva00:53:00
Dr. Griefs and their colleagues planned00:53:03
complete additional observations in00:53:05
telescope earlier this year but the pandemic00:53:08
coronavirus and limited time of Venus00:53:10
above the horizon prevented them00:53:13
ability to collect more evidence00:53:16
leaving many questions unanswered00:53:18
the team spent a year reproducing00:53:21
Venusian environment in computer00:53:23
simulation to test various00:53:25
explanations regarding the source and00:53:28
amount of phosphine we made So00:53:30
excluded all other sources of pasfin00:53:33
except life said doctor baines doctor00:53:37
Seeger and his colleagues suggested that00:53:39
microbes that are transferred upward to00:53:42
air currents so-called00:53:44
can live on gravitational waves00:53:46
metabolize and multiply internally00:53:49
drops of sulfuric acid and water and given00:53:52
quantity00:53:53
favorite gas population of these microbes00:53:56
would be enough about how these00:53:58
germs got there, her best guess is00:54:01
words is that they00:54:03
appeared on the surface when Venus00:54:05
had oceans 700 million years ago00:54:08
but they were pushed into the sky when00:54:11
The planet has dried up and no one knows the germs00:54:15
if they are real based on DNA like00:54:18
we or us completely different in search of life00:54:21
It's so hard not to be somewhere else00:54:23
earth-oriented said the doctor00:54:26
Silva sauce because we only have00:54:29
one data point not to do00:54:31
useless assumptions from researchers00:54:33
want to collect more telescope data and00:54:36
see different models tested and00:54:39
proven robotic spacecraft00:54:42
missions to Venus may also00:54:43
contribute to the search for Indian00:54:46
space agency proposed mission00:54:48
in the coming years, like the private Rocket00:54:51
company00:54:52
Rocket Lab00:54:53
Rocket was a very loud company about00:54:55
sending a spacecraft to Venus00:54:57
in 2023 even before it was found00:55:01
phosphine is now the head of the company Says that00:55:04
its Venus mission may be developed00:55:07
to look for signs there as well00:55:09
in life, any scenario is intriguing and00:55:12
NASA representatives are already hinting that00:55:15
some suggested missions on00:55:17
the Venusian cloud may soon00:55:19
get green light two finalists Yes00:55:22
Vinci and Verites offer missions to00:55:25
Venus veritos would send a probe to00:55:27
The orbit of Venus and photographed it00:55:30
surface then when Vinci would send00:55:32
umbrella through the atmosphere of the planet this probe00:55:35
would take air samples on the way down00:55:37
potentially telling us more about00:55:40
that which lingers in the clouds However00:55:43
the decade process will take a long time00:55:45
but despite all the excitement and00:55:47
planning it is clear that now everything00:55:50
eyes are fixed on Venus to give00:55:53
years for one question: is there life on00:55:56
Venus00:56:09
Jupiter is the largest solar planet00:56:12
system and the fifth planet from the Sun he is in00:56:15
two and a half times more massive than everyone else00:56:17
other planets of the solar system00:56:19
taken together it consists mainly of00:56:22
gases and is therefore known as Gas00:56:26
giant Jupiter is the fourth brightest00:56:28
The only object in the solar system that is brighter is00:56:31
Sun Moon and Venus is one of the five00:56:34
planets visible to the naked eye00:56:37
lands of the ancient Babylonians first00:56:40
recorded the appearance of Jupiter It was00:56:43
around 7th or 8th century BC Jupiter00:56:48
named after the king of the Roman gods For00:56:50
to the Greeks it represented Zeus the God of Thunder00:56:53
Mesopotency saw the God Marduk and00:56:57
patron saint of the city of Babylon, Germanic00:57:00
tribes saw this planet as donar or00:57:03
Thor when Galileo discovered four moons00:57:06
Jupiter in 1610 was the first00:57:10
proof of celestial bodies rotating00:57:12
around something other than the ground00:57:15
the discovery also provided00:57:17
additional evidence for the model00:57:19
Solar system-oriented00:57:22
Sun Copernicus Upper Atmosphere00:57:25
Jupiter is divided into cloud belts and00:57:28
zones they consist mainly of00:57:30
ammonia sulfur crystals and mixtures of these00:57:33
two connections large red spot00:57:36
which can be seen on Jupiter00:57:38
huge storm it rages for at least 35000:57:42
years old and so big that inside it00:57:45
will fit three earths under a massive00:57:48
the atmosphere of Jupiter, which consists of00:57:50
The layers are mainly made of hydrogen00:57:52
compressed hydrogen gas liquid00:57:55
metallic hydrogen and ice core00:57:58
rocks and metals internal00:58:02
Jupiter is believed to consist of three00:58:04
regions first is a rocky core00:58:07
mass consisting of various elements00:58:10
which is 12.45 times the mass of the entire00:58:14
The Earth's core is surrounded by a second region00:58:17
layer of electrically conductive liquid00:58:19
hydrogen thanks to this layer which00:58:22
makes up most of the planet's mass00:58:24
Jupiter has such a strong magnetic00:58:27
field the third region consists of the usual00:58:30
hydrogen with traces of helium which00:58:33
enters the planet's atmosphere00:58:35
a fascinating property of Jupiter is that00:58:37
that it emits more energy than00:58:40
receives from the Sun This is due to the fact that00:58:43
the planet is so massive as a result00:58:45
such a large mass Jupiter exerts on00:58:48
yourself strong gravitational force What00:58:50
leads to compression of the planet as a whole00:58:52
the cumulative effect of all this internal00:58:55
strength lies in the production of large00:58:57
amount of heat which then00:58:59
radiated into space00:59:02
Another interesting fact is00:59:04
Hubble space telescope not so long ago00:59:06
recorded an amazing event on00:59:09
Jupiter's North Pole is like Earth00:59:12
has aurora northern lights00:59:15
which instead of mystical green is like00:59:18
on the ground it seems to glow electric00:59:20
blue Aurora of Jupiter or polar00:59:24
the glow is amazing electric00:59:27
blue whirlpool which is in00:59:29
is actually ultraviolet00:59:31
This means you can't see him00:59:33
naked eye near Jupiter 5600:59:36
confirmed satellites that00:59:38
these satellites revolve around the planet00:59:41
divided into three groups internal00:59:44
satellites they orbit very close to00:59:46
Jupiter and sometimes they are called a group00:59:48
Amalthea precisely the inner satellites00:59:51
Jupiter mixed breed Otraspiya and Maltea00:59:55
Galileo's satellites are the largest00:59:58
satellites of Jupiter and were discovered by Galileo01:00:02
in 1610 IO Europa Ganymede and Calisto01:00:08
outer satellites these satellites01:00:10
much smaller and distant from01:00:13
Jupiter they also have the wrong01:00:15
elliptical orbit Jupiter has a thin01:00:18
The ring system of its rings consists of01:00:21
mainly from dust particles ejected from01:00:24
some of the smaller worlds of Jupiter during01:00:26
collisions with incoming comets01:00:29
and asteroids there is a provocative01:00:32
theory that Jupiter is an unlucky star01:00:35
modern scientific knowledge01:00:36
indicate that if Jupiter01:00:39
actually was around 8001:00:42
times more massive nuclear fusion had01:00:45
would have a place in its core thus Jupiter01:00:49
would become a star and not a planet scientific01:00:51
knowledge of Jupiter was significantly01:00:53
expanded since Galileo's time as a result01:00:56
numerous planetary missions that01:00:58
started in the 1970s and visited a lot01:01:02
spacecraft, nine of them were01:01:05
particularly successful first space missions01:01:08
ship that ever reached01:01:11
Jupiter was the NASA Pioneer 10 umbrella01:01:13
launched in March 1972 with the purpose01:01:18
studying the asteroid belt Atmosphere01:01:20
Jupiter and the outer solar system01:01:22
about a year and a half later in December01:01:26
1973 Pioneer 10 collided with01:01:30
Jupiter the ship flew within 20001:01:33
thousand kilometers from the cloud tops01:01:35
covering the gas giant he made01:01:38
a series of discoveries including measurement01:01:40
intense radiation among Jupiter01:01:43
became the brother of his predecessor01:01:46
Pioneer 11 it was launched in April 197301:01:50
year this ship became the second01:01:53
managed to fly through the asteroid belt01:01:55
and visit Jupiter in December01:01:58
1974 this probe was detailed01:02:02
images of Job's Great Red Spot01:02:05
as well as the poles of the planet and measured the mass01:02:09
Jupiter's moon Calisto mission Voyageur and01:02:13
Galileo guiding the spacecraft01:02:15
on Jupiter and its moons discovered that01:02:18
Europa is one of the largest satellites01:02:20
The solar system has underwater liquid01:02:24
the ocean is covered with thick ice now01:02:26
scientists believe that Europe is actually01:02:29
may be capable of hiding lives01:02:31
because it corresponds to three important01:02:34
biochemically useful molecules01:02:37
energy source and liquid solvent01:02:40
water in which dissolved substances01:02:42
chemicals can react with each other01:02:45
next was Ulysses launched in October01:02:49
1990 together with NASA and the European01:02:52
space agency He flew01:02:54
Jupiter in February01:02:56
1992 as part of a circular path to01:03:00
poles of the sun Gra Jupiter01:03:02
used as a slingshot to01:03:04
send the umbrella back to the center of Solnechnaya01:03:07
systems to the Solar Polar Orbit01:03:09
however, the span was enough to01:03:12
Ulysses collected useful measurements01:03:15
intense magnetic and radiation01:03:17
fields of Jupiter, Ulysses' mission ended in01:03:21
June 2009 umbrella for autumn jugends01:03:25
NASA mission Isa Italian space01:03:28
agency is one of the most01:03:30
famous spacecraft launched01:03:33
He went into orbit in 200401:03:36
ringed planet past Jupiter in December01:03:38
2000 three years after launch in01:03:42
October01:03:43
1997 and the most interesting mission of all01:03:47
NASA Juno she explores Jupiter from Orbit01:03:51
conveying amazing photos01:03:53
atmospheric data and other observations01:03:56
the largest planet of our solar01:03:59
systems01:04:01
launched on August 5, 2011 and arrived at01:04:06
Orbit around Jupiter July 4, 2016 This01:04:10
most distant space probe01:04:12
who has ever been powered by solar01:04:15
grids it is expected that the mission is 101:04:18
billion 100 million dollars will last until July01:04:21
2021, scientists discovered that01:04:24
Jupiter's intense radiation environment01:04:27
illuminates the icy shell of Europa which01:04:30
hides a huge potentially useful01:04:32
for life an ocean of salty liquid water if01:04:35
Europe will not be under this radiation01:04:39
look like our Moon looks like01:04:41
the dark one on the shadow side said to us01:04:44
lead author of the murti study01:04:46
goodipati scientists in the laboratory01:04:49
NASA Jet Propulsion But since01:04:51
it is bombarded by Jupiter's radiation and glows01:04:55
in the dark and therefore water from underground01:04:58
the ocean of Europe in some places makes its way to01:05:00
surface01:05:01
How this composition changes can give us01:05:04
tips on whether there are conditions in Europe01:05:07
livable said gudipati01:05:10
team members note that the variation01:05:12
colors from green to bluish01:05:15
whitish depending on composition01:05:17
surfaces scientists could observe01:05:19
glow nearby relatively soon01:05:22
thanks to NASA's Europa Clipper probe01:05:25
which is planned to be launched in01:05:28
In 2020-2021, the clipper will carry out the Orbit01:05:31
around Jupiter and will carefully study Europa01:05:34
collects data on dozens of flights01:05:37
which will help researchers evaluate01:05:39
satellite suitability and plan01:05:41
vital landing mission on Europa01:05:44
the landing was authorized by Congress but01:05:48
for now it remains a concept01:05:50
and not a full-fledged NASA mission And yet01:05:53
one question remains open: Will he be able to01:05:56
new mission to find life01:06:15
living on our home planet, many of us do not01:06:18
often think about what is somewhere01:06:21
there are others outside the solar system01:06:23
stars around which others revolve01:06:26
planets long time detection task01:06:29
such planets remained unresolved01:06:31
as they are extremely small and dim01:06:34
compared to the stars and the stars themselves01:06:37
are far from the sun but today01:06:40
our scientific methods allow us to discover01:06:42
there are almost one by one So01:06:45
right now our Cosmic01:06:47
the journey offers to find out what they are like01:06:50
The most interesting of the discovered exoplanets01:06:53
and first, a little background01:06:55
exoplanets or extrasolar01:06:58
planets are planets that are not01:07:01
belong to the Sun they are outside in01:07:04
solar system revolving around its01:07:06
own luminaries in our Galaxy01:07:09
the number of exoplanets is estimated by the number01:07:11
from 100 to 200 billion and of these planets01:07:15
There can be from 5 to 20 similar to Earth01:07:18
billions more than 5000 discovered by01:07:21
exoplanets today01:07:23
conditionally divided into three main groups01:07:26
gas giants such as Jupiter and01:07:29
Saturn ice giants like Neptune and01:07:32
Uranus and rocky super-Earths examples01:07:35
which are not in our solar system01:07:37
there is a fourth group01:07:39
small, which includes small01:07:42
terrestrial planets such as earth and01:07:46
Mars is historically the first statement about01:07:49
planetary possibilities of existence01:07:51
systems around a star other than the sun01:07:54
became a message made in 185501:07:58
Captain Jacob01:08:00
Astronomical Observatory at the end of 801:08:03
years of the 20th century, many groups of astronomers01:08:07
started systematic measurement01:08:09
speeds of the stars closest to the Sun, leading01:08:12
special search for exoplanets using01:08:15
high-precision spectrometers the very first01:08:18
exoplanet was discovered in the early 90s and01:08:21
since then the speed of their detection01:08:23
increased many times over A All thanks to01:08:26
launch of the Kepler space telescope in01:08:30
In 2009, it was he who found the most01:08:33
list of confirmed exoplanets01:08:35
contained reliable candidates01:08:38
2740 objects and most of them01:08:41
is close to us from space01:08:43
point of view that speaks of the incomprehensible01:08:46
number of worlds that are still not01:08:49
open it is obvious that Kepler saw only01:08:51
a small part of the earth-like planets and on01:08:54
in fact there are closer ones somewhere01:08:57
how small is the observable part01:08:59
firstly the probability of correct01:09:02
orbital orientation multiplier one to01:09:05
two hundred and second Kepler saw only01:09:07
one thousandth of the sky is really the most01:09:10
abundant he looked along the nearest01:09:12
the galactic sleeve is the easiest01:09:14
find planets with a large mass01:09:17
after all, They change the shine of their01:09:20
stars when they pass across the disk01:09:22
change in the brightness of the star and recorded01:09:25
the apparatus is therefore most open01:09:27
a minority of objects more massive than Jupiter01:09:30
their mass is close to Saturn And only01:09:33
very few like the earth if01:09:35
The planet is very far from its star01:09:38
then it’s almost impossible to identify her01:09:40
impossible upcoming missions such as01:09:43
launch of the Nancy Grace Roman Space telescope01:09:46
telescope will expand01:09:48
search zones A recently launched01:09:51
Orbiting Infrared Observatory01:09:53
James Web will help astronomers more01:09:55
study in detail already known planets01:09:58
Our first candidate exoplanet you 12b01:10:03
around a yellow dwarf in the constellation01:10:06
the charioteer thanks to his extremely01:10:09
close orbit around your host star01:10:12
12B has one of the lowest01:10:14
densities among all detected01:10:16
exoplanets in 2017 using01:10:20
Hubble Space Telescope01:10:22
researchers discovered that this is a planet01:10:24
reflects almost all the light that falls on01:10:27
its surface as a result of which it01:10:29
looks like a pitch black planet01:10:33
Planet Psar01:10:36
bi-1620-26b commonly known as Planet01:10:39
genesis is perhaps the oldest01:10:42
exoplanets that we discovered on01:10:45
research today has shown01:10:47
that the planet is about 12.7 billion years old01:10:50
it was formed just 1 billion years ago01:10:53
after the big bang located in01:10:55
constellation Scorpio in the distance01:10:58
12400 light years from earth This is old01:11:01
The planet orbits two pulsars and01:11:04
white dwarf is another interesting one01:11:07
exoplanet Glisse 436b is hot01:11:11
Planet the size of Neptune rotating01:11:13
around an M-type red dwarf in two01:11:16
planetary star system in the distance01:11:19
33 light years from earth glide 436b01:11:24
has one of the smallest orbital01:11:26
radii and mass among all detected01:11:29
exoplanets and has only been surpassed01:11:31
Kepler's smaller planets which were01:11:34
various studies were discovered later01:11:36
suggests the existence of burning ice01:11:39
beneath its surface, scientists believe that01:11:42
under enormous pressure between his01:11:44
was buried by a rocky core and crust01:11:47
significant amount of water pressure01:11:49
it was so huge that it01:11:51
actually turned into solid ice01:11:54
a little further in space on01:11:56
64 light years away from us in01:11:59
the constellation chanterelle is beautiful01:12:01
bright blue01:12:03
Planet but don’t rush to rejoice at this01:12:05
beauty HD01:12:07
1897 33b revolves around parent01:12:11
stars every two and two days with01:12:14
orbital speed01:12:15
152.5 km/s What makes it hot01:12:19
Jupiter with bad prospects for01:12:22
life this Gas giant has01:12:24
nicknamed Glass Planet01:12:27
glassiness is actually01:12:28
extremely dangerous weather sign01:12:32
HD01:12:34
189733b deadly winds consisting of01:12:37
silicate particles blow at a speed01:12:40
8700 km/h it rains molten01:12:44
glass A on the daylight side is found01:12:47
carbon monoxide let's continue the parade of our planets01:12:50
super earth01:12:51
k2-141b which is one and a half times larger01:12:54
Earth's radius and five times its mass01:12:57
she flies around her orange star in01:13:00
constellation Aquarius in just 7 hours and in01:13:03
close to her, always looking at her01:13:05
one side heated to 300001:13:08
degrees Celsius and flooded by the ocean01:13:10
liquid magma with a depth of about 100 km a01:13:14
on the other side minus 200 degrees01:13:17
due to such a difference, hot vapors01:13:20
sodium and silicon oxides essentially01:13:22
evaporated stones rush from01:13:25
day side to night side at speed01:13:27
more than 5000 km/h There they fall out in the form01:13:31
rains after which silicon oxides01:13:33
slowly flow back into the magmatic01:13:36
ocean And sodium remains and accumulates01:13:39
The hot seat also looks hot and01:13:43
Kepler 78b the main thing you should know about01:13:46
this planet shouldn't have it at all01:13:48
exist at least modern01:13:51
ideas about origin and evolution01:13:53
planets do not imply such a case01:13:56
the exoplanet is located in its star01:13:58
too close just 900 thousand01:14:02
kilometers01:14:03
for comparison, our hot Mercury01:14:05
the sun approaches at least 4601:14:08
million kilometers theoretically01:14:11
the era when the Planet was formed01:14:13
the young star was supposed to be01:14:15
Kepler 78b turns out to be somewhat larger01:14:19
appeared inside a star, that's of course01:14:22
impossible, most likely she became close to01:14:24
her later but How and why is this01:14:27
what happened is still completely unclear01:14:29
Planet Kepler 78b itself is a little01:14:33
larger than the earth However, because of the star01:14:35
neighbors the conditions there are far from earthly01:14:38
surface temperature is estimated01:14:41
sizzling 2400 degrees Celsius01:14:44
however, this is not a close star for long01:14:47
Gradually pulls the planet towards itself and01:14:50
will completely absorb it in the coming01:14:52
two to three billion years, but Planet 5501:14:55
cancer01:14:56
Jansen is even more amazing she belongs01:14:59
class of super-Earths and 8 times more massive01:15:03
was openly clear in 2004 by the method01:15:06
Doppler A in 2011 telescope bridge01:15:10
clarified its characteristics using01:15:12
transit method main feature01:15:14
of this planet is that due to the high01:15:16
carbon content in the composition01:15:18
parent star in the depths of this01:15:21
planets also contain a lot of it01:15:23
varieties including huge ones01:15:25
deposits of diamonds because of which it is quickly01:15:28
also called the diamond planet01:15:31
interesting because it is located01:15:32
so close to its star What01:15:35
makes a revolution in just 17 hours01:15:38
besides, it is tidally connected to the star01:15:40
only one part is always rotated01:15:42
planets which leads to absolutely01:15:44
fantastic phenomenon bright half01:15:47
planets are always molten and located01:15:49
solid in the shade but perhaps the most01:15:52
an unusual fate awaits the future planet01:15:55
still a star in the galaxy01:15:58
gsn069 in about a trillion years she01:16:02
can turn into a pla similar to01:16:04
Jupiter thanks to its infinite approach01:16:06
with a black hole it turned out when01:16:08
Astronomers have noticed bright X-rays01:16:11
bursts every 9 hours it turned out01:16:14
that this star rotates in a unique01:16:17
spirographic orbit around black01:16:19
flare holes were caused by matter01:16:22
which splashed out from the surface01:16:24
stars Every time it flashed by01:16:26
past a black hole for several million01:16:29
years the star turned from red01:16:31
giant into a white dwarf if you give her01:16:34
in another trillion years it will cool down so much01:16:36
what can turn into a Planet but01:16:39
Let's leave these Hellish places and01:16:42
Let's try to find something more suitable01:16:45
for life for the first time in history01:16:47
deep space exploration December 5, 201101:16:50
scientists were able to confirm01:16:53
existence of an earth-like exoplanet01:16:56
Experts made this statement01:16:58
NASA celestial body Kapler 22B drawn01:17:02
around a star with comparable parameters01:17:05
by the sun its radius is 2.4 times greater01:17:08
earthly And most importantly she01:17:10
located in the habitable zone, that is01:17:13
there are favorable conditions on the planet01:17:16
for the existence of water in liquid01:17:18
state orbital period Kepler 22B01:17:21
around the parent star is 29001:17:25
earthly days Unfortunately for certain01:17:27
determine whether the planet is01:17:28
rocky liquid surface or01:17:31
consists entirely of gases01:17:33
it seems possible another01:17:36
nice looking earth-like planet01:17:38
became Kepler01:17:40
1649-si beautiful dwarf constellation01:17:43
swan 300 two light years away01:17:46
it is just a little larger than the Earth's revolution01:17:48
around the star takes 19.5 Earth times01:17:52
days and receives 74 percent from her01:17:55
earth's heat equilibrium temperature at01:17:58
the planet is about -40 degrees However, life01:18:01
there's no doubt there01:18:03
impossible another one of the most similar01:18:06
to exoplanet earth her sister Kepler01:18:09
1649b looks like Venus but forget about01:18:13
all exoplanets at large distances01:18:15
here we have a planet which01:18:18
possibly supports life and is located01:18:20
just four light years away01:18:23
being in the residential area of its main01:18:26
stars Proxima Bay is one of01:18:28
the most popular exoplanets among01:18:31
astronomers all over the world this planet in01:18:34
2016, astronomers from01:18:37
European Southern Observatory in the system01:18:39
red dwarf star Proxima Centauri01:18:41
the closest star to the Sun is assumed to be01:18:44
that Proxima b is a Rocky Planet01:18:47
the size of our blue Ball and01:18:49
it could potentially be suitable for01:18:51
colonization, at first scientists believed that01:18:54
the conditions there are too harsh for01:18:56
existence of life but new01:18:58
NASA studies have shown that with great01:19:01
probability of the nearest exoplanet01:19:04
there may even be liquid water at01:19:07
current technological development01:19:08
it is theoretically possible to reach it01:19:11
for 6300 years if we take it as a starting point01:19:15
maximum speed of the Parker Solar probe01:19:18
prop which he will develop upon reaching01:19:21
the spacecraft will be01:19:22
move at a speed of 200 km/s what01:19:26
equals 67 thousandths the speed of light by 206901:19:31
NASA hopes to develop a device01:19:34
who can fly there in just 4001:19:36
it will take him more than a year to do this01:19:38
accelerate to speed only 10 times01:19:40
less than the speed of light In the meantime, we01:19:43
We continue to observe exoplanets01:19:45
only in our telescopes can you do01:19:48
the conclusion is that on an exoplanet in principle01:19:50
can a person's foot step if a person01:19:53
will arrive there frozen01:19:55
embryo and will somehow be there01:19:57
grown but for this we need to decide01:20:00
a huge number of questions are still pending01:20:02
question Why is all this necessary?01:20:04
remember Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and01:20:07
Stephen Hawking who spoke out about01:20:09
spirit that humanity without expansion in01:20:11
space is doomed meaning historical01:20:14
broader time scale01:20:16
This is to open new ones01:20:19
prospects for evolution and expansion01:20:21
our life01:20:30
It's hard to imagine our night sky without01:20:33
Someone compares the moon to a head01:20:35
someone sees a simple cheese on it01:20:38
face closely watching01:20:40
nightlife And for some it's just01:20:42
illuminates the evening path The moon is the first01:20:45
satellite of the planet located towards the Sun01:20:47
Our closest neighbors are Mercury and01:20:50
Venus rotates in space without having01:20:53
not a single satellite, but now Mars can01:20:56
boast two natural01:20:58
satellites And then there’s only more01:21:00
imagine in 2019 astronomers01:21:03
discovered 20 new satellites of Saturn01:21:06
thanks to which he became a record holder in01:21:08
solar system by number01:21:10
He has as many as 82 known companions.01:21:14
it's really busy traffic01:21:16
They also say that in space there is solid01:21:18
emptiness the rest of the planets of our system01:21:21
also have several dozen01:21:23
satellites However, today we would like01:21:25
find out which of these moons can be01:21:28
the most interesting Let's find out01:21:31
ganymede ganymede is the largest01:21:34
satellite in the solar system and orbits01:21:37
he even has one around Jupiter01:21:39
own magnetic field its diameter01:21:42
equals01:21:43
5268 km which is 8 percent more than01:21:48
Mercury has the mass of Ganymede01:21:50
is only 45% of the mass of the same01:21:53
Mercury but among the satellites of the planets she01:21:55
record-breakingly large, the moon exceeds01:21:58
2.2 times by mass It couldn’t come at a better time01:22:02
this one suits its owner Jupiter01:22:05
satellite discovered by Galileo Galilei A01:22:07
the name was given to it by another astronomer Simon01:22:10
Marius in honor of the cupbearer at the feast of Zeus01:22:13
Ganymede, by the way, gave names to Marie01:22:16
and some other satellites Therefore, with01:22:19
his light hand names of ancient heroes01:22:21
mythologies began to spread widely01:22:23
in the discoverable world, moons are in common use01:22:26
satellites are sometimes called that01:22:28
some scientists believe that the most01:22:31
promising celestial body for01:22:33
colonization is not Mars but Titan01:22:36
satellite of Saturn it has a dense01:22:38
an atmosphere one third denser than the earth's and01:22:41
it probably has water from which you can01:22:43
get oxygen it's the same atmosphere01:22:45
reliably protects it from space01:22:47
radiation and besides, Titan is the only01:22:51
besides the earth there is a celestial body on which01:22:52
The existence of liquid on01:22:55
surfaces One problem local Atmosphere01:22:57
consists mainly of methane and other01:23:00
gases unsuitable for breathing In addition01:23:03
It's very cold here, about minus 18001:23:06
degrees Celsius second largest01:23:08
Jupiter's moon is one of four01:23:10
Galilean satellites and the most distant01:23:13
among them from the planet these are callists01:23:15
is the third largest satellite in01:23:18
solar system after Ganymede and01:23:20
titanium calista diameter is approx.01:23:23
99 percent of Mercury's diameter was01:23:27
opened at 16 last year Galileo01:23:29
Galilee is named by tradition in honor of01:23:32
character from ancient Greek mythology01:23:33
Callisto is the mistress of Zeus nevertheless01:23:36
this moon itself is not the most beautiful object in01:23:39
to our system it is known as a satellite with01:23:42
the largest number of craters with which01:23:44
Almost its entire surface is covered01:23:47
There is no geological activity on Kalista01:23:49
therefore the relief is not smoothed out01:23:52
its satellite of Jupiter is its most01:23:55
geologically active body of the Solar01:23:58
system since on its surface01:24:00
there are more than 400 active volcanoes01:24:03
some volcanoes have emissions so01:24:06
powerful that they rise to a height of 50001:24:08
kilometers and y mainly consists of01:24:11
silicate rocks surrounding01:24:13
molten core and iron or01:24:15
iron sulphide most of it01:24:17
its surface is occupied by plains01:24:19
coated with sulfur or frozen dioxide01:24:22
sulfur but on the surface of this Moon Also01:24:25
you can see more than 100 mountains that01:24:28
if due to compression of the satellite's crust01:24:30
Some of these peaks are higher than the earth's01:24:33
Everest's only known satellite01:24:36
counter-rotating01:24:38
side is Triton, Neptune's moon01:24:40
Triton is one of the few geologically01:24:43
active satellites in the solar system01:24:46
its complex geological history01:24:48
shows traces of tectonic01:24:50
activity intricate terrain and01:24:52
numerous cryovolcanoes erupting01:24:55
nitrogen average surface temperature01:24:57
triton is01:24:59
-235 degrees Celsius is so01:25:02
cold surface that nitrogen is likely01:25:05
settles on it in the form of frost or snow01:25:08
thus Triton presumably01:25:10
is the coldest object01:25:12
solar system from those that have01:25:14
geological activity Miranda01:25:17
satellite of Uranus change of seasons on Miranda01:25:19
Each pole of this is very peculiar01:25:22
companion, 42 years old, is in full health01:25:24
darkness and the next 42 years continuously01:25:27
lighting Miranda has a unique01:25:30
kind of surface with a large01:25:32
a variety of relief forms are cracks01:25:35
faults valleys craters ridges depressions01:25:38
rocks and terraces, its entire surface seems01:25:41
rugged and this is where the most01:25:45
deep gorges in the solar system in01:25:47
ten times deeper than the deepest01:25:49
canyons of the earth Charon is a dwarf satellite01:25:53
of the planet Pluto its diameter is01:25:55
approximately 1200 km in 200601:25:59
Charon was supposed to be given the status01:26:01
planets, what in this case is the system01:26:03
Pluto Charon would be considered double01:26:06
planet However, in the final version01:26:08
resolution introduced the concept01:26:10
dwarf planet to this new class01:26:13
objects were assigned to Pluto and Charon01:26:16
remained classified as a satellite01:26:18
Pluto in July 2015 American01:26:22
umbrella New Horizons for the first time in history01:26:24
reached Pluto and Charon and explored them01:26:28
trajectories were photographed as01:26:30
visible even at maximum approach01:26:33
side and back pictures of her were01:26:35
made before approach and therefore have01:26:38
the lower resolution on them is clearly01:26:40
it is clear that Charon is noticeably darker than Pluto01:26:43
It seems that these objects are significantly01:26:45
differ in composition While on01:26:48
Pluto's surface has a lot of nitrogen ice01:26:50
Charon is covered with water ice and its01:26:53
the surface has a more neutral01:26:55
less reddish color yaped satellite01:26:58
There is a unique location on Saturn's Iapetus01:27:01
a mountain range that encircles01:27:03
The equator of the satellite its height reaches 1301:27:06
km width 20 km remotely something in this01:27:10
resembles a space walnut01:27:12
the anterior hemisphere is as black as01:27:15
soot and the rear slave hemisphere01:27:18
shines almost as brightly as01:27:20
freshly fallen snow and competes with one01:27:23
one of the brightest objects in Solnechnaya01:27:25
system of Jupiter's satellite Europa removal01:27:28
the distant one also has a encircling ridge01:27:30
Yapit's neighbor Pan who has01:27:33
unusual shape resembling a dumpling01:27:35
presumably this form is explained01:27:37
settling of material from Saturn's rings onto01:27:40
Pan's surface is another satellite01:27:42
gas giant Saturn belted01:27:45
mimos ring system star fans01:27:48
wars by looking at his photo immediately01:27:50
will discover its resemblance to the death star01:27:52
and the famous franchise with a diameter of approx.01:27:55
400 km mimosa is the smallest in the sun01:27:59
system, the celestial body is round in shape and in01:28:02
in the past some kind of collision barely01:28:04
Herschel impact crater did not split01:28:07
diameter is about 30% of the diameter itself01:28:10
mimos and cracks remaining monstrous01:28:13
impact are clearly visible even on01:28:16
opposite side of the satellite01:28:17
next in line in our selection01:28:20
There will be two moons at once: Phobos and Deimos01:28:23
fears horror What did the American people call them?01:28:25
astronomer01:28:27
the only Mars received their names in01:28:30
honor of the sons of the ancient Greek God01:28:32
wars of Arisa aka Mars in Roman01:28:34
mythology So that's it with names01:28:36
it’s very clear by the way, astronomers were looking for01:28:39
them for quite a long time before opening01:28:41
still in the travels of Gulliver Jonathan01:28:44
Swift written almost 300 years ago01:28:46
it is said that the astronomer of the flying island01:28:48
Laputa discovered two satellites of Mars01:28:51
It’s also interesting that Deimos is with everyone01:28:54
revolution around the planet increases01:28:56
the radius of its orbit and Phobos is the opposite01:28:59
reduces So in the future Deimos may01:29:02
fly into space and Phobos will fall on Mars01:29:04
provoking unprecedented events for those there01:29:07
places of cataclysm, but this will not happen yet01:29:10
soon these are the interesting and01:29:12
unusual moons orbiting planets01:29:14
our solar system How01:29:17
it would be great if there were more01:29:19
research ships flew from01:29:21
our planet for research of everything01:29:23
of this satellite varietyDescription:
Давайте начнем увлекательное знакомство с планетами Солнечной системы по порядку их расположения от Солнца, а также рассмотрим их основные спутники в гигантских просторах космоса. 00:00:00 | Планеты и их виды 00:13:32 | Карликовые планеты солнечной системы 00:28:25 | Земля 00:43:53 | Жизнь на Венере 00:56:09 | Юпитер 01:06:15 | Самые известные экзопланеты 01:20:29 | Самые интересные луны 🢖 Все космические видео: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPtC7pwHsZU&list=PLxwi128m9g-OLACj54Nv1Pikz-3n11_lC 🢖 Солнечная система: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6vz8E_NQRc&list=PLxwi128m9g-PbNeYsj0vlcX4_jKORz6Rb 🢖 Самое популярное: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxwi128m9g-OuxpNaFxNdtkopSYs0K0pl Музыкальное сопровождение audiojungle.net
Preparing download options
* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."
** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players
Questions about downloading video
How can I download "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники" video?
http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.
Which format of "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники" video should I choose?
The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.
Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники" video?
The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.
How can I download "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники" video to my phone?
You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "Космическое путешествие: Планеты и их спутники"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.