Download "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22"

"videoThumbnail Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22

Полёт из Москвы в Нижний Новгород и пасторское собрание в Краснодаре. Московские старости 30.07.1922

Полёт из Москвы в Нижний Новгород и пасторское собрание в Краснодаре. Московские старости 30.07.1922

Channel: Дилетант

Обманутые Врангелем казаки, заключение Тихона, брак в Ватикане. Московские старости 11.07.1922

Обманутые Врангелем казаки, заключение Тихона, брак в Ватикане. Московские старости 11.07.1922

Channel: Дилетант

diletant.media

дилетант

история

дилетанты

00:00:09

1805 in Moscow

00:00:12

Ethan program paragraph 43 as just

00:00:15

determined in the broadcast chat our

00:00:18

obey face Olga Sokolova two very

00:00:20

good history teachers are teaching a lesson

00:00:22

for those who were unlucky at school thank you

00:00:25

very much

00:00:26

for two good ones yes indeed one

00:00:29

currently active there is no end one former

00:00:32

Alexey Kuznetsov

00:00:33

teacher schools

00:00:35

never number 43 hence the name of

00:00:37

the program parainfluenza 43 and today we

00:00:40

decided to choose for our conversation such a

00:00:45

very classic school topic,

00:00:48

the paragraph has always been called that way since

00:00:50

the rise of Moscow since Soviet times

00:00:52

and, in

00:00:54

fact, the task was usually methodically

00:00:57

set

00:00:58

for schoolchildren to draw their own conclusions at the end of mastering the topic

00:01:03

about the fact that it was

00:01:07

Moscow that ultimately became the

00:01:09

center of the unification of the lands of the North

00:01:11

for the North-Eastern, excuse me, Russia and that

00:01:14

this is historical,

00:01:15

well, either predestination or at

00:01:18

least in this there is such a loyko

00:01:21

number gan dimensionality certain, I

00:01:23

looked at some old ones but not

00:01:25

Soviet textbooks are true, but in the 90s I

00:01:27

looked at the textbooks of the 2000s and

00:01:31

found that usually three arguments are

00:01:34

thrown in here in the text, students

00:01:36

point to the 3rd argument, they usually start with

00:01:39

nature, Moscow behind the forests, behind the swamps behind

00:01:42

the rivers, and this made it less

00:01:45

susceptible to say the Tatars to the Mongolian

00:01:48

in those days so they said now, we

00:01:50

speak in the Horde, the influence

00:01:53

allowed it, but nevertheless, there

00:01:54

is such an argument, the second argument is a

00:01:56

successful wise one, there are various epithets for

00:01:59

the politics of the Moscow princes, first of all,

00:02:01

Ivan colitis is of course remembered, and

00:02:03

the third is the troll church, well, the thing is that

00:02:08

if you watched the Soviet back in

00:02:10

the textbook that you would have seen a whole set of

00:02:12

other arguments so scared when you

00:02:15

knew this here namely Moscow center of

00:02:18

old arable land

00:02:22

Moscow on comfortable people songs to live I

00:02:26

’m hearing the expression old arable land for the first time I

00:02:28

swear admitted on live

00:02:30

broadcast to sew such land where it has been going on for a long time oh

00:02:33

skillfully

00:02:34

Moscow on convenient trade routes of the

00:02:38

Volga-Oka interfluve

00:02:43

Moscow center folding of the Old Russian

00:02:46

nationality

00:02:47

or the Great Russian nationality sounds

00:02:50

great but will help at all never

00:02:51

an argument why suddenly we now

00:02:54

figure it out well well and after

00:02:58

that it brought the fact that

00:03:01

in the Soviet system historical

00:03:04

education had its own very strict

00:03:07

logic and a

00:03:08

smile, it may have been vicious, but

00:03:11

it was there, and in this case it was that

00:03:18

the material factor must be brought to the fore, well, naturally, the march

00:03:19

of Marxism would be its only star, so the

00:03:22

policy of the Moscow princes could be in

00:03:25

this logic, only the

00:03:27

auxiliary author of the steppe dispersal

00:03:29

is due to these darts, yes, she could

00:03:33

carry a tax for this for everyone, there could have

00:03:36

played a role, well, here it is necessary to say

00:03:40

that firstly,

00:03:44

when the task of unifying the

00:03:47

Russian lands arose, this task was carried out by the crowd,

00:03:49

apparently somewhere at the end of the

00:03:51

13th century after that how Russia generally

00:03:54

recovered from the

00:03:56

Horde pogrom, but it must be said that for

00:03:59

about half a century after

00:04:02

Batu’s invasion, no stone construction was carried out in Russia,

00:04:05

and

00:04:07

it seems that the oldest stone building that has come down to us

00:04:11

after the Mongol

00:04:13

time is

00:04:16

Novgorod and

00:04:19

this is the year 1294. This is evidence of the

00:04:23

largest decline in culture, not even

00:04:26

urban culture all the productive

00:04:27

forces of what was called the productive

00:04:30

forces to poke here the economics of the economy there

00:04:32

was no strength there was no environment for stone

00:04:35

construction it was

00:04:36

expensive just like that and then gradually

00:04:41

two centers began to take shape one center

00:04:45

is Western Russia it developed

00:04:48

around Lithuania I think we won’t today

00:04:50

talk about this in detail because the

00:04:53

Grand Duchy of Lithuania Russian clearly

00:04:56

requires a separate conversation as if and I

00:04:58

think that not a single program is the

00:05:01

second center this is northeastern Russia

00:05:04

they were very different because,

00:05:08

well, Lithuania did not experience the

00:05:12

Mongol invasion and accordingly

00:05:14

it was much closer in Europe,

00:05:17

many

00:05:20

liberties and the order of the European type have been preserved,

00:05:24

Magdeburg law in particular, and

00:05:28

great freedom for the gentry, and here is the

00:05:32

northeast of 2 2 then the spokes center 2 and

00:05:36

here it makes sense to say

00:05:39

that

00:05:42

potential centers cannot be more offensive

00:05:44

in the north - there were several in the east and it was

00:05:46

immediately necessary

00:05:48

to separate those cities that

00:05:52

obviously could not become such centers, well, this is,

00:05:55

first of all, Ryazan, although it generally

00:05:58

belongs to the northeast. Tasha, the

00:06:01

Ryazan princes are not descendants of the great

00:06:04

princes of Vladimir, this is Nizhny Novgorod,

00:06:07

that is, from the border land in the same way

00:06:11

by the way, that’s why why because

00:06:13

they wouldn’t be allowed to raise their heads until there are

00:06:15

constant raids

00:06:17

constant raids

00:06:19

and threatening as later Kursk we’ll say and

00:06:23

Voronezh has no morality of tributary threatened

00:06:25

borders this is them on granite with the horde

00:06:28

another reason why we are talking about Lithuania

00:06:31

and talking about the northeast I didn’t talk

00:06:34

at all about

00:06:36

the north-west, that is, Novgorod and Pskov,

00:06:38

here another reason is that this is a

00:06:40

boyar republic where there are no

00:06:42

princely dynasties,

00:06:44

Russia could unify in those conditions

00:06:46

only around the princely

00:06:48

power, therefore, not Novgorod by some kind of fight of

00:06:51

part of the Gotti of the whole in general to the

00:06:53

order to the Baltic states to Riga Pskov never laid claim to this

00:06:57

role

00:06:59

could not claim but nevertheless

00:07:01

as an alternative option they are also

00:07:03

interesting

00:07:04

yes but not as an option for unification as an

00:07:08

option for political development and how much

00:07:10

more Novgorodians on it we just know more

00:07:14

as for the

00:07:18

cities that were not border then

00:07:22

here it is necessary to say that Moscow was not at all the

00:07:27

most remote

00:07:30

city from the horde and in several large

00:07:36

campaigns our dance reached Moscow perfectly

00:07:39

and

00:07:41

robbed Moscow, but still it is one of

00:07:44

those cities that had a chance, but as for

00:07:47

what about

00:07:49

behind the swamps behind the forests, this

00:07:52

It’s impossible to say that it doesn’t have anything to do with

00:07:54

where it doesn’t, it has to do with

00:07:56

things, but Moscow was the only one like that, and that’s what we’re

00:07:58

talking about, but as

00:08:02

for

00:08:03

material resources, well, I’ll

00:08:08

allow myself to even read a little bit what

00:08:11

such an outstanding person wrote about this

00:08:14

the historian Alexander himself lands in the book

00:08:17

which the truth came out after his

00:08:19

death in the book The Knight at the Crossroads Hmmm there were

00:08:22

no convenient routes to the role of Moscow A

00:08:25

small river in Moscow

00:08:28

was just the granddaughter of Cinderella

00:08:31

The powerful Volga and therefore the cities along the Volga

00:08:34

Galich Uglich Yaroslavl Kostroma

00:08:37

had much a more convenient

00:08:39

geographical and trading position

00:08:43

now, as for the center of the old arable

00:08:46

lands, in general, it’s worth saying that there is little grain in the native

00:08:49

lands in the Moscow region,

00:08:52

everyone who has dachas and garden

00:08:55

plots near Moscow is excellent at what kind of

00:08:57

fertile land there is, some benefits

00:08:59

to the mountains and today 1 subsoil was removed here and the

00:09:04

lands of these bowlines are fertile, they have

00:09:06

advantages for us right on the right bank of the

00:09:10

Moscow River, in addition, in

00:09:16

general, the center is old arable land

00:09:20

or just smells of land cannot be

00:09:22

formed, it is only a large

00:09:23

territory because originally the

00:09:26

Moscow horse that was a strong sword of the

00:09:28

modern Moscow region and

00:09:31

it did not belong to a mosaic not

00:09:34

Volokolamsk not Dmitrov walk alone

00:09:37

including soon they Pereslavl-Zalessky not the

00:09:41

mosaic column belonged to the princes with Momensky the

00:09:46

Ryazan column Pereslavl it was

00:09:49

generally separate principalities,

00:09:51

but besides this

00:09:55

in the office we talk about the resources that we

00:10:00

Moscow had, the so-called

00:10:03

trade articles, that is salt

00:10:06

wells fish rivers

00:10:09

some kind of board on the hoser become boarded

00:10:13

lands here, too,

00:10:16

but these talk about the

00:10:20

Volga Ob interfluve but the pitching of the USA the

00:10:23

Volga will make a loop, but on the other

00:10:27

side along the Volga you swim, swim

00:10:30

downstream,

00:10:34

make your way through the wave with a pointer

00:10:36

interfluve in those conditions, without roads

00:10:38

across watersheds, this pleasure is

00:10:41

generally below average.

00:10:46

Timber here also

00:10:49

disappeared quite quickly. We know that to the south of

00:10:52

Moscow, zones of

00:10:53

broad-leaved forests begin;

00:10:56

the most valuable forest is

00:10:59

not here; I mean, in this case,

00:11:03

timber is an advantage; spruce and

00:11:05

pine

00:11:06

are there are true conifers, there are not so many of them near Moscow

00:11:10

either, but oak has never

00:11:12

been a tree to carry ora and

00:11:15

cached oak forest oil sounds good, but they are

00:11:17

quite rare,

00:11:20

well,

00:11:23

expensive fur-bearing animals are also not

00:11:27

many

00:11:28

reserves of iron ore here except in

00:11:32

Serpukhov there are none near Moscow

00:11:36

Another well-known story

00:11:40

is that historians at one time

00:11:43

when they talked about agriculture

00:11:46

as the basis of the

00:11:49

Moscow rise,

00:11:51

special so that time and sugar or

00:11:54

or Soho cash register [ __ ] yes manure on the

00:11:57

peasant field in place 3 field

00:12:00

made colitis the richest prince of the

00:12:02

Russian land but in general, it was

00:12:05

not confirmed by serious research

00:12:07

because it turned out that there was

00:12:12

no roe deer plow with a ploughshare in the 14th century,

00:12:18

everything suggests that the

00:12:21

usual 2 teeth were used and sugar at

00:12:25

the entrance did not predominate even

00:12:29

in the middle of the 15th century, before that there were either

00:12:33

two fields or what to carry

00:12:36

we rarely think about here, it was still quite

00:12:39

widespread throughout the school end

00:12:42

slash-and-burn forests crayfish of the earth in fact,

00:12:45

but it was like that in the 15th century, the Polish author

00:12:49

historian and geographer

00:12:50

Matvey Mekhovsky, he generally

00:12:54

described the Russian land as follows,

00:12:57

essentially plow earth tree without

00:13:00

iron

00:13:01

scolded dragged not through sowing tree

00:13:04

branches in other words this is the most understandable

00:13:07

to us from the fourth class brane with brown [ __ ]

00:13:10

gate kadam due to severe and long

00:13:13

frosts nevas rarely ripen there and

00:13:15

therefore, having compressed and mowed the crop, they dry it out in huts and

00:13:19

withstand it until maturity they

00:13:22

thresh this is how he describes the so-

00:13:25

called Riga, that is,

00:13:29

in general, we can say

00:13:32

so that of course the unification of

00:13:37

north-eastern Russia around some

00:13:39

one of the pain suit didn’t blow off

00:13:41

thought that probably do more precisely that Riga we

00:13:44

mean a special type of barn before

00:13:47

opening on all four sides this is

00:13:50

happening up to the 8th capital of Latvia dos

00:13:53

suturing grains sleep groin flow let's go

00:13:55

back of course they're

00:13:57

just listening to us with their bottoms of course

00:13:59

city dwellers we are citizens so it

00:14:04

was natural of course that

00:14:07

Russia has impoverished its circle of one of the large

00:14:10

cities and this is what it is there was a city,

00:14:14

this largely decided the case, let's

00:14:16

look at these cities, but they were the first

00:14:19

to fall away as possible rivals, and here the

00:14:23

susan is already a subjective factor,

00:14:27

Yaroslavl Erastov, because in these

00:14:31

cities descendants older than the branches ruled,

00:14:37

all the waves more then the son and Vsevolod, a

00:14:39

big nest, these are the

00:14:42

sons and grandchildren and the great-grandchildren there of Constantine

00:14:45

of all, let's

00:14:48

pull, let's quickly give Abbas their

00:14:51

dead and never laid claim to the great reign,

00:14:53

and besides, it just so

00:14:56

happened that the

00:14:58

descendants of his Serko Rostov and all the val

00:15:01

before Yaroslavl they were numerous and

00:15:04

the more numerous the princely family, the

00:15:07

stronger they will achieve and why not

00:15:09

they laid claim to greatness, but that’s why they did

00:15:11

n’t claim that

00:15:13

after the death of their father,

00:15:23

Yuri Vsevolodovich Yuryev became the Grand Duke by agreement with his younger brothers, he tells, he

00:15:26

died on his cheeks,

00:15:28

by the way, and both of his nephews died there; the

00:15:33

great reign passed to Yaroslav

00:15:35

Vsevolodovich; there is a battle on the river city

00:15:37

in 1000 for pepper and 8 8 years of Batyev

00:15:41

in court,

00:15:42

respectively, the

00:15:45

nephews are now cousins

00:15:47

nephews, they somehow became isolated in

00:15:50

Rostov and

00:15:52

Yaroslavl and could not leave the port beyond the borders of their principalities, which

00:15:56

means that everything else is happening here, in

00:16:00

fact, between the sons of

00:16:04

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich further between the

00:16:07

descendants of Alexander Nevsky, we talked about the

00:16:12

clash between Alexander Pskov and his

00:16:14

brother Andrei last time, so

00:16:19

they closed themselves off carrying these two principalities

00:16:21

within themselves,

00:16:25

but if we take Kostroma or Vologda

00:16:28

before they are protected much better than Moscow by

00:16:32

their remoteness from the Horde borders,

00:16:35

but there everything is it’s still cold, poor lands,

00:16:38

farms were mainly there at that time to

00:16:42

carry hunting, fishing, partly

00:16:45

livestock breeding but not agricultural

00:16:49

Nizhny Novgorod, I already said, but there is

00:16:53

such a

00:16:54

Pereslavl-Zalessky

00:16:56

yamaha I love my children in the lesson,

00:16:59

he says that fate will turn around and the new

00:17:01

kilometer 90 to from Moscow probably

00:17:03

turns out, maybe a little more, or

00:17:06

maybe on the shoulder of its sea I have never measured it before,

00:17:08

I always say that if fate had turned out

00:17:11

differently, I would be sitting now in a

00:17:14

huge metropolis on the shore and cleaner and in the

00:17:18

lake and talking about why

00:17:20

this particular one is wonderful the city they are a

00:17:22

provincial Moscow became the center of a

00:17:24

huge state, the fact is that

00:17:27

when the war began between the sons of

00:17:31

the shareholder of whom

00:17:33

I mean Dmitry of Pereslavl and

00:17:36

Andrei Gorodetsky, then their younger brother

00:17:40

Daniil of Moscow supported

00:17:42

Dmitry

00:17:44

Dmitry in 1094 to the

00:17:49

throne sent passed to his son

00:17:51

Ivan and

00:17:53

him number 20 years of age,

00:17:56

not being married, has no children and

00:18:00

bequeathed the principality to his uncle Daniel,

00:18:03

but Komono could have bequeathed to the hated

00:18:05

Andrei Gorodetsky,

00:18:08

their girlfriend could have happened exactly

00:18:10

the opposite on the head of

00:18:13

Denmark, Lord San Chu could have had a brick fall on him, and

00:18:16

Ivan could have started

00:18:18

giving birth to children and so on and so

00:18:21

forth, and most likely he would have left

00:18:24

the capital of Pereslavl not Moscow, that is, the

00:18:26

services lived stone construction

00:18:28

froze for half a century, Moscow was in favor of

00:18:31

Danil Alexander, the brick manure did not fall,

00:18:37

so this in general is really

00:18:40

largely an accident, but the dorsa enters the

00:18:43

arena starting in 1304,

00:18:48

the city that became the largest rival of

00:18:52

Moscow and which had significantly

00:18:54

better starting positions is, of course,

00:18:57

Tver, Tver, which also stands

00:19:00

on the Volga, a

00:19:01

door that you will push there before

00:19:03

Moscow because one of the

00:19:09

brothers of Alexander Nevsky, Yaroslav

00:19:12

Yaroslavich, spent in Tver, the Tver response became a separate

00:19:14

principality with 1247 Moscow, as is

00:19:18

commonly believed, from 1276 and

00:19:22

after the death of Andrei

00:19:25

Gorodetsky,

00:19:27

Daniil was no longer alive, Yaroslav

00:19:31

Yaroslavich, of course, the

00:19:34

eldest son of Daniil,

00:19:37

Yuri Danilov, and

00:19:39

in advance the brother of Ivan Kalita became attached

00:19:42

to whether those yes yes of course well, just how

00:19:45

great was not at all unknown

00:19:47

the character and the

00:19:48

Tver prince Mikhail

00:19:51

Alexandrov say that the then

00:19:54

Khan of the Horde bolts

00:19:57

left the great reign for the Tver

00:20:00

prince in no case, do not confuse him with

00:20:02

Tokhtamysh, no, they are different so that Voronenko

00:20:05

and Nosovsky do not claim, and even then they completely

00:20:07

recreated it, took it away,

00:20:08

and to say that Yuri Danil had a

00:20:13

hard time in general; he

00:20:16

was in Novgorod at the

00:20:19

time, and with great difficulty he

00:20:22

had to defend Novgorod from the claims of the

00:20:24

Grand Duke; at the same time, the

00:20:27

Horde fully supported the

00:20:31

Tver prince and the

00:20:33

Tver prince was completely layalina ore;

00:20:36

this happened until the

00:20:40

Horde was replaced by I have a question that is

00:20:43

completely at the level of a 7th grade school student

00:20:45

in which all this is normal to study:

00:20:48

why, when Vladimir is alive, I have

00:20:51

the city of Vladimir, why was there even

00:20:53

talk about some other center of the

00:20:56

northeast with him, e edited capital city

00:20:58

planning, the thing is that Vladimir did not

00:21:01

have his own princely dynasty,

00:21:04

Vladimir Khanan gave as a

00:21:08

kind of horn a valuable prize there from the princes to

00:21:12

whom he gave a label for the great

00:21:15

reign of Vladimir, and since

00:21:18

Vladimir was, well, like a passing prize,

00:21:21

then the princes, accordingly, were

00:21:25

more concerned with their city and there was no this

00:21:27

dynasty because died, wear it,

00:21:30

well,

00:21:32

rather not like that, because wear it like

00:21:35

they died, but Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was the

00:21:38

Grand Duke of Vladimir, no need,

00:21:41

but after

00:21:44

Alexander Nevsky,

00:21:47

Vladimir somehow

00:21:49

lost

00:21:51

his princely family there, the

00:21:55

Grand Duke she moved sometimes didn’t

00:21:57

move, some didn’t move, it became

00:22:00

here I am I will repeat with such an

00:22:03

honorary title and a challenge prize the

00:22:07

church there, but also not immediately,

00:22:13

the Metropolitan moved from Kiev to

00:22:17

Vladimir,

00:22:18

finally in 1299, this is Metropolitan

00:22:21

Maxim and

00:22:23

by the way, the church in general played a

00:22:27

very important role in the further confrontation between Moscow and Tver, it

00:22:31

turned out that the

00:22:34

point of Maxim’s death was the

00:22:38

Grand Duke of Vladimir Municipal Council of Tver

00:22:41

Prince Mikhail

00:22:42

Yaroslavich

00:22:45

nominated his master candidate for

00:22:49

metropolitan it was a certain hegumen

00:22:51

Gerontius

00:22:52

whom the patriarch did not approve.

00:22:55

It’s difficult to say why there are assumptions

00:22:59

that the patriarch did not approve him because

00:23:01

he believed that the

00:23:05

metropolitan, originally from Tver, would be autonomous in everything,

00:23:09

but no, on the contrary, he would be

00:23:12

submissive to the will in everything the Grand Duke and he

00:23:15

therefore nominated his candidate for

00:23:19

metropolitan, he was actually installed as metropolitan by the

00:23:21

famous Metropolitan Peter, a

00:23:24

Galician by birth, but here it must be

00:23:29

said that in general before this there was at least

00:23:31

one precedent with a local harvest, no

00:23:34

no, they were all appointed and Barbara are

00:23:36

you always there were either Euros or Greeks or

00:23:40

in their cs of southern Russia and but their own and to

00:23:44

and there were no

00:23:46

cases our Maxim was generally the first who

00:23:48

transferred his

00:23:50

religion to Vladimir before that they

00:23:53

were all in Kiev and almost all of them were Greeks

00:23:55

but or Bulgarians and

00:24:00

here we need to say that the princes of Tver,

00:24:04

with all their many merits,

00:24:07

which will be discussed ahead,

00:24:08

apparently from a political point of view had

00:24:11

one drawback -

00:24:14

straightforwardness and inflexibility, because

00:24:17

when Peter arrived in Tver,

00:24:20

Mikhail Yaroslavich was dissatisfied with the fact that the

00:24:23

metropolitan had imposed a stranger on him; he

00:24:26

met him unkindly, he met him with hostility

00:24:30

Various kinds of accusations rained down, in

00:24:33

particular on everything, not that is, supplying

00:24:36

sacred items for money for money,

00:24:39

and in the end, that’s how it ended, he found

00:24:44

support, he found his mouth of

00:24:46

patronage from his opponent at the door in

00:24:49

Moscow, and therefore, although

00:24:52

officially

00:24:55

the residence of the Metropolitan remained

00:24:57

Vladimir

00:25:01

He was called, curiously, the

00:25:03

Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, and so he

00:25:07

would be the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia

00:25:09

until the middle of the 15th century,

00:25:12

but

00:25:14

he spent most of his time in

00:25:17

Moscow, and his successor, Metropolitan

00:25:20

Theognostus, also by the way, Greg

00:25:22

moved the residence of the Metropolitan Kvaska

00:25:25

already at the end of the middle hours. and according to

00:25:28

established tradition, instead of news, we

00:25:31

will report news from our breadwinner site

00:25:34

shock amateur media In my opinion, Anton Orek did

00:25:36

not yet have the information that I will

00:25:39

now tell you and therefore in the previous

00:25:41

part you probably could not hear, here

00:25:44

in our store there are

00:25:48

several dozen options for sale

00:25:51

These are the kind of posters that you see

00:25:54

now from our studio, which have been

00:25:58

accompanying the release of this cover in

00:26:01

large format for a long time, I would say that

00:26:04

meter by centimeters by 60, probably

00:26:09

and maybe more, even here is one such

00:26:12

water-repellent film base, these are the

00:26:14

posters that have been put on

00:26:16

sale there, depending on our

00:26:19

reserves, from 2 to 5 6 copies, so

00:26:23

please pay attention if you are

00:26:26

interested in this, this is what

00:26:28

it was called in the days of my pioneer

00:26:30

youth, visual propaganda,

00:26:33

but now back to the rise of Moscow,

00:26:39

but when this dispute began,

00:26:43

they rushed into the horde and

00:26:46

ardak I already said that she kept the

00:26:51

great reign behind the door, but

00:26:55

until then it was just out of harm or there was some kind of need, what does the

00:26:59

harm have to do with it, I’m

00:27:02

kidding, of course, between Lera, pour in everything so

00:27:06

that no, for now it’s not even about that, of

00:27:08

course it’s stronger, more authoritative

00:27:12

near me the Tver prince

00:27:14

to the mayor,

00:27:16

in general, everything was logical, but it was like that until the

00:27:24

wards were replaced on a horde thought that for the horde it

00:27:28

was an argument closer to the ancestor Arno

00:27:31

respected the Russian dynastic new, in

00:27:33

any case, I can say

00:27:35

that there was never a time

00:27:40

when - except for the throne,

00:27:44

and the Vladimir throne, they also never

00:27:47

appointed a person because of the family who

00:27:49

generally had feelings for this principality,

00:27:51

for example, imagine that one

00:27:54

of the Ryazan princes would end up on the

00:27:56

Vladimir one, in such a case it is impossible in principle,

00:27:58

that is, apparently to some extent this

00:28:01

was observed, that is, when I say they will

00:28:04

say that the Ryazan prince Oleg

00:28:06

betrayed Russian unity in general and he did not

00:28:08

feel that it was the only Russian thing at all

00:28:09

until the 15th century it is

00:28:12

impossible to talk about it, it is not necessary,

00:28:14

he betrayed in the 14th to

00:28:19

success in looking for also first an

00:28:21

Uzbek with furs and

00:28:27

bertana he was not an Uzbek and fled, too,

00:28:31

at first he kept his label behind the

00:28:35

door and

00:28:37

relations with the Moscow princes were

00:28:40

quite tense, to say the least, and in the

00:28:43

end, because of the claims that were made in Danil

00:28:47

Chu’s cabin, he was summoned to the horde and things

00:28:50

could have turned out there,

00:28:52

but he turned out badly saunas for him in the best

00:28:55

way, namely, the

00:28:58

khan changed his mind, the khan decided that the Tver witch

00:29:04

had become too strong, and here we can

00:29:07

assume that the horde decided

00:29:10

to maintain some kind of balance and not

00:29:13

allow any principality to rise too much,

00:29:17

in one of the books I said that

00:29:22

Yuri managed to marry on the khan’s sister,

00:29:29

well, it couldn’t be understood that

00:29:32

he would do it with his own will on the

00:29:35

khan’s secret, it could only be the will of the

00:29:38

khan,

00:29:40

and Yuri was already at that time, the race was not

00:29:43

the first of

00:29:46

Konchak’s youth, the woman was quite young,

00:29:50

apparently it was a dynastic marriage

00:29:52

concluded at the will of the khan precisely

00:29:56

for The khan hands them over to the Moscow prince on his

00:30:00

sister and the label is probably from

00:30:05

the bottom, apparently deciding that

00:30:07

the door needs to be held a little, just holding the

00:30:10

water and

00:30:13

Yuri returns to Russia,

00:30:17

accompanied by the Horde army

00:30:20

led by a certain military leader, and his

00:30:24

wife, who is now going with him, is going with him to the bastards already in the

00:30:29

Orthodox baptism calls from the end of

00:30:31

Agafya

00:30:36

ambassadors, this name is Greek and means good,

00:30:43

it must be said that they first moved to

00:30:47

Vladimir for

00:30:48

some time to drag the

00:30:51

Tver and Moscow Horde troops stood

00:30:53

against each other, let the Tver

00:30:56

prince yield the troops to understand that this is

00:30:59

generally not comparable small princely

00:31:01

squads, but these are several hundred people, but

00:31:03

still not thousands, one school build ski

00:31:05

beauties, he conceded

00:31:08

from Vladimir, drove off, and if Elkin

00:31:13

strokes the prince was satisfied, perhaps he would

00:31:16

have turned either differently,

00:31:18

but he would be satisfied with this, he did not want to, he

00:31:21

decided now to finish off the enemy

00:31:22

finally in the Turks the super-sky land

00:31:25

and here at the very end at the end of

00:31:28

December even in the year one thousand and seventeen the

00:31:31

so-called

00:31:34

Barti Nevsky, I beg your pardon,

00:31:37

Bordenevsky battle took place

00:31:39

in which the Tverites defeated the Muscovites, I

00:31:43

say the Muscovites because it is not very

00:31:46

clear how the Horde behaved according to one

00:31:49

of the versions this is the first

00:31:53

field battle in which the

00:31:55

Russians generally defeated the horde, and according to another version

00:31:58

of the Horde, the bastards did not take part in this right away,

00:32:01

so after

00:32:04

all, there was no right away, it was mainly between the

00:32:07

masses with swords and the doors of the Komi Muscovites were

00:32:11

defeated and this was one

00:32:14

of those defeats which to carry the ray of

00:32:17

victory because he was captured and in Tver

00:32:21

this is Konchaka Agafya and in captivity she

00:32:24

died to the great misfortune of Tver,

00:32:27

that is, this is such a reason for war, it’s better not to

00:32:30

invent it, this is not even a reason for war,

00:32:32

this is for reprisals, that

00:32:33

’s why Mikhail Yaroslavich was in the horde

00:32:36

immediately called out in the Tver chronicle,

00:32:40

such a tragic monologue was preserved; it

00:32:44

is unknown whether the prince uttered such

00:32:47

words, but

00:32:49

Tver years and now these words are put in his mouth

00:32:53

about the fact that he is

00:32:55

going to go to the horde and understands that

00:32:58

for once he doesn’t understand that they will face reprisals,

00:33:01

but they are going to suffer for many and

00:33:05

Vardi, of course, he is going

00:33:07

to suffer for the multitude, that is, for the people

00:33:09

before Vardi, he was naturally executed,

00:33:14

well,

00:33:19

what can be said here after

00:33:24

all is that he is preparing

00:33:28

to suffer for the multitude, and half a shame it

00:33:30

looks like he was thinking of laying down his soul

00:33:33

for the fatherland to save the multitude from

00:33:36

death with his blood

00:33:38

all the same, this suggests that the

00:33:41

moral duty of the prince

00:33:45

was already perceived in Russian society in exactly

00:33:47

this way, and they were told here by

00:33:49

such a Christian motive before me, of course, I still

00:33:52

say it again, this is written by the

00:33:55

monk of the summer, a teaser for of course what he

00:33:58

said and said Is it possible that this is not the case at all,

00:33:59

we don’t know, but

00:34:01

the label is passed on to Yuri,

00:34:04

we will return it, they remain with Yurim, boredom, it

00:34:07

was passed on to Yuri, but at the moment of his marriage to

00:34:09

Agafia, there is some idea of

00:34:12

what the

00:34:15

doors of Moscow were like in comparing the city at that moment, as I

00:34:18

understand it, probably steep it was

00:34:20

somewhat larger somewhat larger in

00:34:24

Tver there was already a large stone cathedral the

00:34:26

Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior

00:34:28

this, as far as I understand, the first large

00:34:31

stone building

00:34:33

in the northeast, so I

00:34:36

already formed cathedrals in the Kremlin until it was there I

00:34:38

called the Novgorod Church from thousands 2

00:34:41

94 from Nicholas on Lipnya, but this church

00:34:46

is relatively small, like

00:34:48

most Novgorod churches in general, and the cathedral of the

00:34:50

Savior of the Transfiguration of the things, I understand this is

00:34:52

what kind of

00:34:54

princely cathedral here, well, then

00:35:00

the following happens

00:35:02

in 1325,

00:35:06

Yuri went to the horde there he met the

00:35:12

son of the

00:35:14

Tver prince of the executed prince Dmitry,

00:35:17

mid Kolchak the formidable very well, apparently, the

00:35:20

nickname corresponded to the character

00:35:23

because Dmitry met the figure for a long time, it took a long time to figure

00:35:27

it out, so to speak, he didn’t bother to figure it out, he pulled out the sword,

00:35:31

Yuri was killed, but because he was a

00:35:36

warg, I almost gave a boorish face

00:35:40

in general,

00:35:41

carried out the murder, Dmitry

00:35:44

Mikhalych himself was also executed and now this

00:35:50

time the horde entered curiously

00:35:54

Dmitry Mikhail was executed but the label

00:35:58

left Moscow for Tver and ended up with his

00:36:02

younger brother Dmitry abs MHC

00:36:04

Tver Prince Mikhail Alexander and in

00:36:08

Moscow I naturally

00:36:11

switched off

00:36:13

one of Yuri’s younger brothers that

00:36:19

same one want for caught Danil school but

00:36:21

so to note that

00:36:23

between Yuri and Ivan there were four more

00:36:27

brothers

00:36:28

who, well, so to speak, in

00:36:32

different ways, left the stage,

00:36:36

two in my opinion, well, the elder brother had a

00:36:40

witcher of great brotherly love who fled

00:36:43

to Tver,

00:36:45

one was, it seems,

00:36:49

helped, executed, was in the horde, if they are

00:36:51

mistaken, he may have died such would be

00:36:53

Prince Afanasy and

00:36:55

now we are really faced

00:36:59

with one of the main characters

00:37:01

with Prince Ivan Danil than to the cast under

00:37:06

which there is

00:37:08

one wonderful poem and 1

00:37:11

began to notice on the legion legends will begin to

00:37:14

fly connected with the nickname Kalita came a

00:37:18

covered bag for money and

00:37:25

carry a church bag The legend of Tartak

00:37:28

in the church chronicles says that the prince

00:37:31

received this nickname, but he also always

00:37:32

walked with this amount and handed it out

00:37:35

generously to the parties, but there is

00:37:38

another version of this nickname, but she

00:37:41

thought in what case to call the

00:37:42

wallet, but if he stuffed it, we’ll leave it

00:37:46

on actively, of course, that’s it it means that

00:37:47

wealth and parentheses, by

00:37:50

the way, there is

00:37:53

my favorite joke about this, the thing is that what is the

00:37:58

name of the one who

00:38:00

produces wickets,

00:38:02

kaletnik to glacier, and

00:38:08

the synonym if you are a

00:38:10

machine is just a swindler, respectively, a

00:38:13

swindler, here is a swindler in its first

00:38:16

meaning, a master who sews wickets, a

00:38:20

joke on account of the name of the oprichniks

00:38:23

kromeshnik was given from the same series, you need a

00:38:25

trowel core,

00:38:27

but the attack of Soviet creations is a classic,

00:38:30

by the way, one of the largest

00:38:32

Russian poets of the 20th century, Naum Korzhavin,

00:38:38

today we sing your glory,

00:38:42

we sing this glory for a reason, the founder of the Moscow

00:38:45

state, the great prince Ivan Kalita was

00:38:48

a person you have a terribly disgusting heart,

00:38:51

but that’s not the point, you’ve

00:38:53

historically been progressive in your

00:38:55

life’s path,

00:38:57

well, the fact is that the

00:39:02

turning point in the confrontation between Moscow and Tver

00:39:05

happened in 1327 and it happened

00:39:09

precisely because of the inflexibility of the Tver

00:39:13

princes, which I already said but look

00:39:16

here are examples of this inflexibility,

00:39:18

which means a person understands that they sent him a

00:39:23

metropolitan confirmed in Constantinople, he

00:39:27

pushes his horn in every possible way with this

00:39:30

metropolitan, he conflicts with this one, he

00:39:33

goes over to the side of Moscow and provides

00:39:35

Moscow with the most powerful support,

00:39:37

short-sighted to the book of another

00:39:41

proud, well, of course they won’t hand over the subkhan,

00:39:44

but Vardi

00:39:46

kills his rival instead in order to

00:39:49

drag him to the Khan's court, he cannot help but

00:39:52

understand how it will end, but passions

00:39:54

overcome him,

00:39:56

here in the year one thousand three hundred and twenty-seven,

00:39:59

after a rather long break, the

00:40:02

Basque Baskaks were sent to Russia by

00:40:05

tax collectors, but we have already said that

00:40:07

the great bass himself collected it under the shadows

00:40:11

tell kiyamat yes and not even a

00:40:13

diplomat from was a high Horde

00:40:15

dignitary who but let's say it

00:40:18

was controlled by the representative of the president in the

00:40:20

federal district I think I found

00:40:24

the modernists alekseeva things

00:40:28

this Bosch is called to the

00:40:32

elves the

00:40:35

Russian chronicle calls and came to us

00:40:38

not easily Shchelkanov

00:40:40

donkey Gangnam-gu money evening from people are not

00:40:44

where denuvo army yes this is the same

00:40:47

gerde people him army carotene

00:40:51

1293 let which was defeated

00:40:54

we will return at least which was defeated Lynn

00:40:56

Pereslavl and

00:40:57

most likely it was as a result of this

00:41:00

raid that

00:41:03

Dmitry Pereyaslavsky died in the next 1094 the

00:41:08

most interesting thing is really not money

00:41:10

HIV or the chronicler so wants

00:41:11

continuity in rendering I honestly

00:41:14

don’t know for sure in reality of

00:41:16

course the day I’m dismissing the day hey once

00:41:19

there for us but the point is, apparently, yes,

00:41:22

apparently, and a cent of dans, non-

00:41:25

literary, polemically, I’m afraid, I’m afraid

00:41:28

that no, it’s all the same again I repeat

00:41:31

this is a high dignitary who apparently belongs to an

00:41:34

Afghan family,

00:41:38

he actually has another name, this is

00:41:42

folklore, he sat down can

00:41:44

in Russian years [ __ ] mongrel for

00:41:49

quite a long time you were not

00:41:52

quality collected Russian princes

00:41:56

exit themselves

00:41:58

well now

00:42:00

basque to profit naturally in Tver they

00:42:05

behaved quite arrogantly and they

00:42:10

committed outrages and how such cases

00:42:13

are

00:42:14

enough it turned out that one spark of a horse

00:42:17

at the market long ago the top hat began to take the

00:42:20

horse away from the deacon, the pipe he

00:42:23

grabbed the bridle shouted as a muse

00:42:28

Tver don’t give it away and the

00:42:31

dumping of

00:42:33

marriage at the market began, it turned into an uprising and

00:42:36

here Prince Alexander Mikhailovich,

00:42:41

unlike his namesake pro hero Prince

00:42:45

Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky,

00:42:48

instead of suppressing the

00:42:52

uprising, he

00:42:56

led the uprising and, as a result, on his orders, the

00:42:59

princely corals of which the Khan and his

00:43:01

retinue were locked in were created,

00:43:04

our dance was killed,

00:43:07

only a few survivors fled

00:43:09

to Moscow,

00:43:12

well, how to evaluate the act Prince Alexander,

00:43:16

after all, is growing to the point of inflexibility, recklessness,

00:43:20

it’s true, not an incorrect assessment of one’s

00:43:23

capabilities, they raised it on the other

00:43:25

side, there is either at that time the

00:43:28

Russian princes united

00:43:32

even as I gave them, they turned around, then look for it

00:43:35

better in advance, the horde, we all say yes, I

00:43:38

agree, the horde, it wasn’t already that under

00:43:40

Bate but

00:43:44

of course he

00:43:46

gave free rein to his passions, this arouses my

00:43:51

undoubted sympathy, but as a politician,

00:43:55

apparently he conceded to the Moscow prince,

00:43:59

what happens as a result,

00:44:02

well, for Ivan Kalita,

00:44:06

he

00:44:07

immediately unleashes this gift of fate with the Horde

00:44:09

punitive army on Tver, and

00:44:14

the name of the

00:44:17

leader of this Horde carotene is curious the

00:44:20

troops called him Fedorchuk,

00:44:24

you understand, but but you need to understand that this is not

00:44:26

Ukrainian plywood, of course, but this is a

00:44:28

diminutive of Fedor, apparently yes,

00:44:32

apparently yes, but this suggests that

00:44:34

apparently

00:44:36

this is some kind of baptized, apparently a member of the Horde, well,

00:44:40

well, not really, and fat sushi is not a suffix

00:44:43

ending mask Korea always laugh most

00:44:46

likely with the sons of Finn round Ivantsov

00:44:48

remember Ivan the Terrible bill or

00:44:52

sell my house is the door

00:44:56

without this closet Tver land is

00:44:59

destroyed from this moment Tver

00:45:03

will never be able to resist Moscow on equal terms again

00:45:05

trying to get

00:45:07

a label more than once, but it’s like already

00:45:10

attempts The USA is obviously using unsuitable

00:45:12

means and

00:45:15

after that it’s completely dragging around,

00:45:20

obviously Moscow is gaining the upper hand,

00:45:26

it’s true, well, they say that Ivan Kalita

00:45:30

immediately became the Grand Duke after that, and

00:45:33

that’s not the case because he received a label

00:45:36

for half of the reign of Great Vladimir

00:45:39

and for the second half of Veliky Novgorod

00:45:42

Great reign

00:45:44

received the label Suzdal prince was

00:45:47

Prince Alexander Vasin

00:45:50

two years later

00:45:52

Ivan Kalita heads to the launch site where

00:45:55

Alexander House is hiding The

00:46:02

Tver prince is given the order of the Khan

00:46:05

to go to the horde

00:46:07

on the road to the cast no no he is for this

00:46:11

idiot school pass on my order it

00:46:14

is clear what awaits the Tver prince guard The

00:46:18

Pskovites tell him don’t go to the horde, if

00:46:23

anything happens to you, we’ll die with you in one

00:46:26

place,

00:46:33

there’s a valuable khalk,

00:46:36

maybe he would have stayed in Pskov, but

00:46:40

Metropolitan Theognostus intervened,

00:46:43

at the request of Kalita, he excommunicated Alexander

00:46:47

and the Pskovites from the church, this means the

00:46:51

church is closed,

00:46:53

baptize, you can’t have a funeral service it is impossible to

00:46:57

impose an interdict in

00:46:59

other words, as is called in Europe,

00:47:02

interdict ore in Russia is simply

00:47:05

excommunication, well, it was the norm, and if

00:47:08

the saint, by the will of God, excommunicates someone,

00:47:10

the kingdom of heaven will follow him and

00:47:13

the price you want turns to the townspeople and

00:47:17

says, my brothers and friends, it will not be against

00:47:20

you the curse is not excommunication for less sake,

00:47:23

but food from the cities of Osago is the same

00:47:26

motive, even to disrupt our community, and the

00:47:30

Tver and Pskov years of 50 are completely in

00:47:33

solidarity, so they portray the

00:47:38

Tver princes as people ready to

00:47:40

sacrifice, that is, this is apparently an

00:47:42

established flexible norm, and this is how it

00:47:45

should be portrayed Russian no,

00:47:48

this is not the norm, that is, or rather, this

00:47:53

may be the norm, as it should be, but for

00:47:56

some reason it is connected specifically with the Tver

00:47:58

princes, by no means Moscow, this is not a

00:48:01

question of drama in years, I think that no,

00:48:05

in the end

00:48:08

he left Pskov for the horde, although he didn’t

00:48:13

go soon only in the thirty-

00:48:16

seventh year of that eight years and

00:48:19

10 years after the uprising and on the slope

00:48:22

for the hordes, the Uzbek mercifully released him

00:48:26

to Tver but not on another soon

00:48:29

followed by a new denunciation of the

00:48:32

Tver prince Kalita again summoned to the horde, he

00:48:35

says if I go they will be separated by the

00:48:38

stomach and a tear I won’t go a lot of dirty tricks

00:48:42

will be for Christians 3 1 tons archive on

00:48:46

finally he goes to the horde to the horde

00:48:49

he is subjected to a terrible execution in the horde his

00:48:52

roses were quartered in parts

00:48:55

and here he says

00:49:00

that

00:49:01

[music] the

00:49:04

question is very controversial

00:49:07

historians who always

00:49:11

tried to carry colitis exalt

00:49:13

they wrote continue to write that here

00:49:16

he wisely saved Russia from even worse things and keep

00:49:20

in mind with his defeat of Tver ptosis, otherwise the

00:49:23

dance bar fell on all of Russia,

00:49:27

it’s hard to say, well, for example, in 1262

00:49:32

there was an anti-Horde uprising in Rostov,

00:49:35

it was suppressed of but the Horde in as a result

00:49:39

of the transfer of the

00:49:41

exit to the farm, the beads chalk refused to

00:49:44

give out any concessions went here

00:49:48

our sew up or Mikhail Kapustin writes

00:49:51

although history does not tolerate the subjunctive

00:49:53

mood, but if it weren’t for it there wouldn’t have

00:49:55

been the rise of Moscow, Russia would have been

00:49:57

different, but surprisingly the whole structure

00:49:59

that you here today you are describing it is

00:50:02

based on the fact that there is, so to speak, the

00:50:05

political will of the Horde and this is the

00:50:07

political will of course,

00:50:09

sometimes

00:50:10

Moscow

00:50:12

has risen largely thanks to the

00:50:14

Horde will, undoubtedly, and

00:50:17

Moscow owes its rise

00:50:20

precisely to the Horde will, this is indisputable, so, for

00:50:23

example, the final refusal of

00:50:27

the coating that

00:50:30

occurred just after you it will be

00:50:33

1327, but as for Kalita, you understand, but

00:50:37

today we will

00:50:38

finish the jump, so we will also, and if

00:50:42

they talk,

00:50:43

then we can say that Kalita in all this

00:50:47

history

00:50:49

acted on the model of the previous princely

00:50:52

strife,

00:50:56

in the future the Moscow chronicle

00:51:00

when Russia was already united by the

00:51:02

whole emin of the Tver chronicles and

00:51:06

Prince Alexander House will become a hero, it is no

00:51:08

coincidence that he will be canonized.

00:51:12

Ivan Kalita’s connections and with the horde will be but if

00:51:16

possible he will be dragged and

00:51:19

finally obscured, he will become the Grand

00:51:21

Duke, let the death of his Suzdal

00:51:23

partner in 31, the

00:51:28

entire great reign is concentrated in

00:51:31

his in his hands

00:51:33

he collects tribute, of course he leaves some of it to

00:51:36

Moscow, while the horde never

00:51:39

complained about the fact that he doesn’t give enough,

00:51:42

taking into account how much he left in Moscow, the

00:51:45

creation is visible, he collected

00:51:49

Julie the yolk harshly, in any case, he

00:51:53

had enough to build a

00:51:58

white-stone Assumption in Moscow

00:52:00

white-stone cathedral of the Arkhangelsk cathedral of the church,

00:52:02

not a single one of the Ladder has reached

00:52:05

us and crosses out all of them were demolished

00:52:09

back in the 15th century and to

00:52:11

build the Cathedral of the Savior on the forest, this one

00:52:15

could have reached us and reached us until the 30s of

00:52:17

lipstick and nine hundred and thirty-three last year

00:52:21

the idea to restore was destroyed, but

00:52:25

as far as I understand, they abandoned it

00:52:28

because there are no drawings, it

00:52:32

would have been a lot of work anyway, but of

00:52:35

course, carrying a remake is not

00:52:38

very reliable; there are photographs and

00:52:40

no drawings, so it would have to be sculpted,

00:52:43

of course, of course,

00:52:49

well, it is known that w walls were with him the

00:52:52

walls that were built before, the

00:52:54

witch, were not simply updated and because the

00:52:59

walls existed and the priors of Danil Th

00:53:03

legend are nothing but apparently there was a

00:53:07

significant

00:53:09

cream from suppressing but and yes to me also

00:53:13

and only while I am a grandson for there is such a

00:53:16

wonderful

00:53:18

chronicle phrase that with with the arrival of

00:53:21

Ivan Danil to the school you came to the great reign, there was

00:53:24

silence throughout the Russian land, I

00:53:29

gave the silence is galloping, this is a political ideal

00:53:31

to this term still nirmun further to

00:53:34

return, I’m afraid we will live in it,

00:53:36

but it’s curious that’s what and with what command the

00:53:40

record was made about the onset of the tire by the

00:53:42

command of the elder on her and who is

00:53:45

the elder Anania and that is, Ivan Kalita

00:53:48

to take the veil of the year will humble himself to death he took

00:53:51

monastic vows as if the bow is not and not yes it

00:53:55

means accepted here Olga Skala writes

00:53:59

at home Moscow managed to hold on to the

00:54:01

position of leader that’s how she

00:54:03

held on will be dedicated to our

00:54:05

next ardently we we will talk

00:54:07

continue to talk about now about

00:54:10

how Moscow became held Vadim

00:54:13

will ask whether the transfer of the

00:54:14

activities of Alexander the second will be so of

00:54:16

course if the transfer

00:54:18

continues until you understand that

00:54:21

Alexander 2 depends on a lot, not an example,

00:54:23

of course it was rrraz and from different

00:54:25

angles of view, I think that not

00:54:29

only in Alexander the Second but also in

00:54:31

the other Illa Rabbi Mother Russian in Mink

00:54:33

Ekaterina the Second there will also be a transfer, but

00:54:35

undoubtedly, in the near future you

00:54:37

will return to this studio Anton

00:54:40

Orekha because you switch after

00:54:42

19 to a live guest, they have a special opinion

00:54:46

today, economist Vladislav Inozemtsev

00:54:49

Anton Orek will talk with him at 21 in the

00:54:52

program status plus and not status

00:54:55

status plus studio guest Alexey

00:54:57

Venediktov, who is considered a foreign agent by the authorities of the Russian

00:54:59

Federation, and the

00:55:02

presenter Maxim Kurnikov, who already

00:55:04

once said he liked him, whom the

00:55:07

Russian authorities do not yet consider a foreign agent

00:55:09

This is our

00:55:12

impressive program program for today, remember the

00:55:14

media amateur passed through and the poster that is

00:55:16

put up for sale today all

00:55:18

the best to you

00:55:22

all Vasily java

Description:

В сегодняшнем выпуске программы "Параграф 43" Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов расскажут о становлении Великого княжества Московского. Присоединяйтесь к обсуждению! Продолжение разговора о становлении Московского княжества в программе "Параграф 43": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bVY2Mff5wA 📖 Магазин "Дилетант": https://diletant.shop/ 🔔 Эксклюзивные материалы Youtube канала Дилетант в telegram: https://t.me/diletantyoutube 🎩 Подписаться на Youtube-канал Дилетант: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuIE7-5QzeAR6EdZXwDRwuQ?sub_confirmation=1 🎙 Дилетант в аудиоформате: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2TmZ5k5H7jL6nzaUu9Bdxm Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/user-241747784/sets/diletant Яндекс.Музыка: https://music.yandex.ru/album/22141676?dir=desc Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82/id1616151435 Google Подкасты: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zb3VuZGNsb3VkLmNvbS91c2Vycy9zb3VuZGNsb3VkOnVzZXJzOjEwOTk3MDQxNDUvc291bmRzLnJzcw/episode/dGFnOnNvdW5kY2xvdWQsMjAxMDp0cmFja3MvMTIzOTMxMjMxNg?sa=X&ved=0CAgQuIEEahcKEwigxO3Eweb2AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLQ

Preparing download options

Popular

HD video

Only sound

All

* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."

** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players

Questions about downloading video

How can I download "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22" video?

http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "Становление Великого княжества Московского / Параграф 43 / Леонид Кацва и Алексей Кузнецов 03.05.22"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.