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00:00:03
Hello
00:00:05
guys, today's video is from
00:00:08
the category of theoretical
00:00:12
knowledge. Today I
00:00:16
would like to shed some light on such a topic as
00:00:23
bronzes. As you know, bronze is one
00:00:26
of the most common copper alloys.
00:00:35
Here are the copper alloys we have. There is an
00:00:40
alloy of copper with zinc called
00:00:45
brass, you know,
00:00:48
there is an alloy of copper and nickel. It's called
00:00:58
cupronickel
00:01:00
if the nickel content is more than 5%, well, in the range from petit
00:01:04
to 30, then it will be
00:01:07
cupronickel. There is also an alloy called
00:01:10
monel, also a copper alloy. More likely, it's even a
00:01:14
nickel alloy, because in this
00:01:18
alloy there is
00:01:23
67% nickel, there is an alloy called
00:01:28
nickel silver, also based on copper.
00:01:32
Nickel and zinc are present,
00:01:35
another copper alloy is called
00:01:41
constantan, there are
00:01:43
55% copper and 45%
00:01:48
nickel, and
00:01:51
another copper alloy is most likely not even a copper
00:01:54
alloy, but an alloy in which copper is present
00:02:00
is called
00:02:03
Sterling, in this alloy there is only 75% copper and
00:02:09
the rest is 925 silver,
00:02:16
you know
00:02:19
probably English money, pound
00:02:23
sterling, so this is what is connected with this
00:02:26
alloy, the coins were made from this alloy,
00:02:31
240
00:02:34
sterling coins weighed 1 pound 453 g,
00:02:41
English and it was easy to check if 240
00:02:45
coins do not weigh 1 pound, then they are
00:02:48
fake, this is the
00:02:51
backstory in general, our
00:02:55
archaeologists During
00:02:58
excavations, bronze objects were found,
00:03:02
various axes, knives made of
00:03:06
bronze, and all this was dated to the end of the
00:03:09
fourth millennium BC, that
00:03:12
is, from this date, from this time, the
00:03:17
Bronze Age began on our earth. I
00:03:21
don’t know how people there tried to
00:03:25
shove all the crap they
00:03:28
found into copper but
00:03:32
What is it, that is, bronze they
00:03:36
got, what kind of bronze it was, what
00:03:40
properties it had, of course, I won’t
00:03:47
tell you, as for modern
00:03:51
technology, there are
00:03:53
several types of bronzes, a group of bronzes is
00:04:02
non-toxic
00:04:08
bronzes, naturally tin
00:04:11
bronzes, beryland bronzes,
00:04:21
flint bronzes, and they also add
00:04:25
chromium zinc to bronze ones.
00:04:28
Manganese
00:04:32
phosphorus is quite- still
00:04:36
often Each alloying element
00:04:39
adds certain properties to bronze,
00:04:42
it cannot be said that all types of
00:04:45
bronze have the same mechanical
00:04:48
properties. If it were so simple,
00:04:50
we would have only one bronze, we
00:04:55
would use it and not break our heads,
00:04:58
but
00:05:01
certain
00:05:03
mechanical corrosion
00:05:07
resistant properties of
00:05:09
metals are required therefore there is a huge variety of
00:05:15
bronzes, I won’t tell you about them all
00:05:18
because it will drag on for a
00:05:20
very, very
00:05:22
long time, I can tell you in
00:05:26
groups there are
00:05:30
tin foundry bronzes, 22 grades of
00:05:35
these bronzes,
00:05:42
there is Tin bronze which is
00:05:44
pressure processed, 13
00:05:47
grades, non-cast bronze, 16
00:05:53
grades, and non-catchable bronze. which
00:05:56
is processed by pressure 21 grades of bronze,
00:05:59
that is, you understand each type of bronze,
00:06:02
I can’t describe it to you
00:06:05
because in about five minutes you will
00:06:09
fall asleep bronze
00:06:12
beryleth is popularly called gypsy
00:06:15
gold for its bright golden
00:06:20
luster. Well, from the name it is clear that berythium
00:06:24
copper is present here and in small amounts
00:06:28
very small
00:06:30
quantities of any impurity Nickel
00:06:32
silicon iron lead
00:06:37
aluminum Well, as if they don’t
00:06:41
add anything What gives what properties of this
00:06:44
bronze
00:06:46
Riley is resistant to alkali, acid, sea
00:06:50
and fresh
00:06:54
water Dat good oxide PN
00:06:58
which contributes to
00:07:01
good sliding of bronze good
00:07:06
anti-friction but this bronze does not
00:07:09
resist ammonia vapors well and halogen
00:07:14
gas halogen in Thor, bromine, chromium, iodine, that
00:07:18
is, well, this is a very specific
00:07:23
property. For us, for
00:07:28
home-made ones, the
00:07:33
most popular option for us is the
00:07:38
cheapest
00:07:42
bronze, bronze, Mac brush. What is a
00:07:47
brush? This bronze contains
00:07:51
up to
00:07:54
10% aluminum. and up to 4%
00:07:58
iron,
00:08:07
what this
00:08:08
gives is that the presence of
00:08:11
iron allows this bronze to improve
00:08:15
improvement - we have hardening plus
00:08:20
tempering,
00:08:28
hardenability
00:08:31
300°, that is, we increase the hardness and
00:08:35
at the same time the ductility of this bronze,
00:08:38
this bronze for us, I say again, is the best before
00:08:42
Samodelkina
00:08:43
-the most
00:08:49
popular, that is, all sorts of
00:08:57
sleeve screws
00:08:59
on all sorts of
00:09:01
shafts Well, everything that we
00:09:06
love is also this bronze brush used
00:09:10
in the food
00:09:11
industry, there are no harmful impurities,
00:09:15
another
00:09:17
type of
00:09:19
brush with the addition of
00:09:25
nickel, that is, aluminum 10%
00:09:29
iron 4%
00:09:36
nickel, the same thing here
00:09:39
bronze
00:09:58
is hardenable to fresh sea water to
00:10:01
various
00:10:02
acids and
00:10:06
no matter how dangerous the atmospheric air is,
00:10:09
that is, from this
00:10:14
bronze, this bronze is used in
00:10:22
shipbuilding, that is, in those places where there
00:10:24
is contact with sea
00:10:28
water,
00:10:29
it belongs to the group of so-called
00:10:31
Admiralty bronzes, several types of
00:10:34
bronzes which they are not afraid of sea water they
00:10:36
are called
00:10:39
Admiralteysky So we also have a
00:10:42
brush with the addition of
00:10:45
manganese, that is, the same thing
00:10:49
aluminum
00:10:51
10% 3% iron and
00:10:54
15%
00:10:58
manganese
00:10:59
in bronze manganese more than
00:11:02
2% if it is present more than
00:11:07
2% sharply Mixes reduce the hardness of
00:11:11
bronze with at high temperatures, that is,
00:11:14
8000 degrees, hardness is lost if there is a
00:11:17
lot of
00:11:19
manganese, this bronze has poor
00:11:23
resistance in sea
00:11:27
water in hydrochloric
00:11:31
acid liquid fuel steam
00:11:36
hydrogen sulfide That is, this is some kind of
00:11:38
chemical equipment, some kind of fuel
00:11:43
equipment, high loads, this
00:11:45
bronze does not withstand average
00:11:48
load,
00:11:54
please the following view
00:11:56
bronze already
00:12:00
with the addition of
00:12:03
tin, the so-called
00:12:06
bro bronze, tin
00:12:14
bronze has quite
00:12:17
high
00:12:19
corrosion resistance, corrosion
00:12:23
resistance, elasticity
00:12:26
is good, that Dat tin in bro
00:12:30
improves casting properties,
00:12:34
phosphorus adds fluidity, that is, there are a
00:12:38
lot of parts that
00:12:40
are made by
00:12:42
casting, that is, there is a grade of bronze where
00:12:46
tin about
00:12:49
20% is called Bell
00:12:51
Bronze, bells have always been cast from such bronze.
00:13:03
So here I also wanted to tell you about this bronze,
00:13:10
I wrote a few cheat sheets
00:13:12
because to remember all
00:13:17
this there are several types of tin-phosphorus bronzes,
00:13:21
everything depends on the content of tin and
00:13:24
phosphorus, small differences in qualities
00:13:30
This is
00:13:32
for How can I tell you for the purely
00:13:36
individual qualities of any part
00:13:39
or the environment in which it will
00:13:46
work, these alan phosphor
00:13:52
bronzes are used for pressing,
00:13:55
rolling and hot
00:13:57
drawing of ov phosphor bronze 6.5 to
00:14:04
04, you can do wire drawing in a
00:14:07
cold form, wire is obtained
00:14:10
thickness
00:14:12
0
00:14:14
imagine the rest of the types of this bronze are
00:14:17
processed in a hot form; they
00:14:23
make rims of worm wheels from it; nuts of lead screws;
00:14:27
bushings of precision bearings;
00:14:31
mesh for the
00:14:32
pulp and paper industry;
00:14:35
it also goes into jewelry for all sorts of
00:14:41
souvenirs; and it is also used as
00:14:44
springs for pressure gauges;
00:14:52
devices,
00:14:54
so all types of bronze, I won’t tell you
00:15:00
this for a very long time, there is bronze, tin,
00:15:04
zinc,
00:15:06
lead, there is a brand of bronze
00:15:12
ocs
00:15:15
555 is considered a universal bronze with
00:15:19
universal performance
00:15:22
properties, excellent casting
00:15:24
quality and shrinkage by 1%, that is, there is
00:15:31
shrinkage over the entire surface of the part that we cast by
00:15:34
1% that is, with the correct calculation of the form,
00:15:38
it is possible to cast
00:15:41
parts that will not subsequently be
00:15:44
processed mechanically. That is, this
00:15:46
is called precision casting, which in
00:15:50
itself reduces the cost
00:15:57
of production; it
00:15:59
uses plain bearings
00:16:01
operating at high speeds of 5-6 m per
00:16:07
second; also,
00:16:10
internal combustion engine liners; you know what these
00:16:12
are the rims and wheels of worm gears
00:16:16
at speeds from 4 to 10 m per second,
00:16:19
gaskets and bushings for
00:16:22
valves, pipes and shut-off
00:16:25
equipment, fittings for installations of steam
00:16:29
generators and
00:16:31
heating boilers; it is also
00:16:35
used for all kinds of jewelry, artistic
00:16:38
products, embossing figurines, and so
00:16:47
on. All this all this for each bronze
00:16:52
If you wish, you can
00:16:55
find us on the
00:16:57
Internet
00:16:59
Here I have all sorts of
00:17:03
bronze
00:17:04
things lying around These are pieces of shut-off
00:17:09
valves made of maple maple faucet This was
00:17:15
from gas burners This thing is from
00:17:20
something else This is from something else This is
00:17:24
this this is
00:17:27
for us. It’s clear, it means practically for
00:17:34
us, for
00:17:37
the next gliding, it’s best
00:17:39
to use a
00:17:42
brush since this bronze contains a
00:17:45
small
00:17:47
amount of iron, then a magnet will help us here,
00:18:01
look, I don’t know, you can see no,
00:18:06
now the iron content is very small,
00:18:15
so Well, as you can see here, this little
00:18:18
thing is absolutely indifferent from Tosi to the
00:18:23
magnet, just like let’s say, and this is it,
00:18:30
that is. Maybe this is useful, good
00:18:32
bronze, but I
00:18:40
felt everything like this, so how should I put it so that
00:18:44
you can see better what
00:18:47
happens when I bring
00:18:52
the magnet up? So she
00:18:55
ran, there is sweat, there is bronze, there is iron. That
00:19:00
is, this is definitely bronze of the
00:19:04
BR brand, this is the bronze we
00:19:07
love, there’s
00:19:09
nothing here, there’s
00:19:13
nothing here either,
00:19:18
you know, you drive it into the wall,
00:19:21
screw it into the wall, screw it in, it
00:19:23
opens up and everything holds perfectly,
00:19:26
look what’s happening,
00:19:29
run for the
00:19:32
magnet, run, it’s attracted a little
00:19:36
so that it sticks, no, no
00:19:39
there is a very small
00:19:40
iron content, but still it gives a reaction,
00:19:44
that is,
00:19:47
this is also bronze of the
00:19:53
brush brand, then this ring,
00:20:00
you see,
00:20:02
reacts. Here the reaction goes, the
00:20:06
ring runs after the
00:20:09
magnet, that is, for this bronze I can
00:20:12
say that this is also bronze of the brush brand,
00:20:16
but with by adding either
00:20:18
manganese or nickel, I can’t tell you for sure, but
00:20:22
on the
00:20:27
gz, unlike this bushing, it’s also bsh,
00:20:31
it’s a little darker and gives off a
00:20:35
slightly purple color or something, that
00:20:39
is, either Nickel or manganese is present here.
00:20:45
Well, this is such a massive
00:20:49
bushing, it’s natural it won’t run anywhere,
00:20:52
but
00:20:53
because of its weight and volume, it’s already
00:20:56
quite sensitive and
00:20:58
attracts
00:21:01
a magnet, that is, this thing is also made of
00:21:05
brass of the sconce brand. This is everything else,
00:21:08
this separator from the bearing was
00:21:11
standing on my spindle, the bearing is
00:21:14
in no way on the magnet doesn’t
00:21:16
respond That is, it’s some other
00:21:20
brand, it’s a constipation, it’s a fitting, do
00:21:27
any of you have a method of
00:21:30
determining another one
00:21:32
for
00:21:34
bronzes What kind of bronze is it tin
00:21:38
lead Is it tin reel or
00:21:44
something else share your experience because
00:21:48
one head is
00:21:51
good and 1,000 heads are even
00:21:54
better So, like
00:22:02
this,
00:22:05
if you find
00:22:10
bronze, don’t think that it
00:22:13
will immediately go into some kind of
00:22:28
internal
00:22:30
combustion, it has good
00:22:33
ductility without collapsing, and at the same time it
00:22:36
holds the temperature well, but it doesn’t react to friction.
00:22:48
identify bronze When
00:22:50
you put it in the chuck, you know that bronze
00:22:55
produces small chipped shavings, like cast iron,
00:22:59
it doesn’t
00:23:02
curl into a spiral, it
00:23:06
breaks. That is, if you have some
00:23:08
piece of bronze, but it’s the kind that you can’t check with a magnet,
00:23:13
well, you can’t check it,
00:23:16
make a little shavings and check
00:23:19
with a magnet. Like shavings. will
00:23:21
react to a magnet more or less then
00:23:23
you’ll figure out what kind of bronze you have.
00:23:26
Maybe it’s not bronze at all, but by the type of
00:23:28
shavings. Determine that it’s actually
00:23:31
brass, that’s when both bronze and brass are
00:23:35
covered with patina. Well, in general,
00:23:40
it’s difficult to determine right off the bat. Although brass is more
00:23:43
red,
00:23:45
of course, but that’s again Let's not touch
00:23:51
brass today, today we're talking about bronze,
00:23:54
there are also a lot of
00:23:56
types of
00:23:59
alloys, compositions, purposes, and so
00:24:03
on, as I see, my lecture has already
00:24:08
dragged on, so I'll say goodbye so that
00:24:10
you don't fall asleep guys, does anyone have any
00:24:13
information on bronze, how to determine what? Feel free
00:24:18
to share experience needed I do
00:24:21
n’t consider myself an expert to everyone, that I knew,
00:24:24
I told you what I don’t know, then again,
00:24:29
picture by picture And
00:24:31
when he feels all this with his hands, it’s completely
00:24:35
different, so I’m waiting for your responses And
00:24:39
bye, see you
00:24:42
bye

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