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Russian
00:00:01
[music]00:00:09
[music]00:00:21
a00:00:26
[music]00:00:29
welcome to our lecture the00:00:32
sermon on the mount and modern ethics00:00:35
the principles that you said jesus the00:00:39
sermon on the mount00:00:40
is the source of numerous00:00:43
disputes among christian theologians00:00:46
how these principles of modern life can be applied00:00:52
why jesus forbids divorce00:00:56
how it is possible to substitute another cheek00:01:00
how to achieve perfection to these and many00:01:04
other questions we give answers and look for them00:01:10
in our lectures and so we are already in the00:01:16
middle of almost the end of the fifth chapter of the00:01:20
Gospel of Matthew and here we see how00:01:26
gradually Jesus reflects on the00:01:31
ethics of the Torah, ethics is how to apply the00:01:37
laws of the Torah we see that in each of the so-00:01:42
called00:01:44
smallest commandments that00:01:48
Jesus discusses there is a very important priority00:01:54
that he represents and through these00:02:01
priorities we can see the system of00:02:05
values that Jesus creates the00:02:11
kingdom of heaven in his school in front of00:02:14
his disciples we talked about00:02:18
adultery we talked about divorce00:02:21
we they talked about the fact that Jesus uses the00:02:28
same methods of finding00:02:33
priority, arranging the commandments in00:02:36
order, their priority00:02:40
uses the method of tying, it is cut,00:02:44
depending on the priority of the00:02:46
commandments, this or that commandment is either00:02:51
interpreted strictly bowline or interpreted00:02:55
less strictly,00:02:56
as well as building a fence for the law, and00:03:02
today we will analyze another important00:03:08
principle that00:03:12
is of great importance in the modern00:03:17
world, especially in the world of human00:03:22
relationships, I don’t understand it, I’m00:03:26
reading chapter 5 from verse 33. You also heard00:03:32
what was said by the ancients, do not break your oaths,00:03:36
but fulfill your oaths before the Lord, and00:03:42
I tell you do not swear00:03:45
not by heaven at all because on the throne00:03:49
of God not by earth because it is00:03:53
his footstool to the world of Salim because he is the city of the00:03:58
great king00:04:00
do not swear by your head because00:04:04
you cannot make a single hair white00:04:07
or black you will need your word yes yes no no00:04:12
what Moreover, this is from the onion, and00:04:17
perhaps this is one of the most difficult00:04:22
to understand their principles that Jesus00:04:25
sets out in the Sermon on the Mount, this is like00:04:29
not making any promises to anyone at all,00:04:34
but this is absolute absurdity, well,00:04:40
imagine your boss00:04:47
asks you will you come tomorrow at00:04:52
8 o’clock in the morning and you tell him I I can’t00:04:58
promise this, it doesn’t depend on me,00:05:04
the problem is that if we00:05:10
understand the words of Jesus, don’t swear everything00:05:17
literally like this, this is how I took it00:05:22
out of context, then we are faced with a serious00:05:27
dilemma. It was easy to quote these words, well, to a00:05:33
certain extent, it was easy, of course not00:05:36
easy, but those young people who00:05:41
were drafted into the Soviet army and they were00:05:45
believers very often cited these00:05:49
words as a reason for refusing the army00:05:56
oath, in this case it is easy without00:06:01
understanding the consequences that the Soviet00:06:05
army then used all sorts of measures of00:06:09
influence on a person, but the point is that00:06:12
it is understandable So they drafted me00:06:16
into the army, they put a machine gun in my hands and00:06:21
they told me to swear on the oath that I will00:06:26
carry out all orders, everything is clear00:06:30
here, it’s black and white,00:06:33
unfortunately you see, we can’t00:06:39
always find ourselves in situations where00:06:43
we have the black and the white of all00:06:49
situations that we can get into are00:06:53
described here by the army oath, which00:06:59
now, as I understand it, the Soviet oath does not00:07:02
exist; this is00:07:05
perhaps one of the few such00:07:10
examples of black and white;00:07:13
well, in general, in many00:07:16
states, such oaths exist,00:07:19
for example, when residents of the United States00:07:26
who come to the country and naturally00:07:29
it is called, that is, through visible residence00:07:33
they want to obtain citizenship, then they also00:07:39
take an oath in this case, a person00:07:45
who does not believe in oaths, that is,00:07:50
fulfills the words of Jesus, don’t swear at all,00:07:54
well, thank God, the United States of America00:07:57
still somehow respects Christian00:08:02
values before, they respected it more now00:08:07
It’s becoming more and more difficult, but in00:08:10
this matter there is still respect for the00:08:14
Christian faith, you have to write a00:08:18
special statement that you00:08:21
will not do this, for such and such and00:08:24
such points, they invite you for an00:08:28
additional00:08:29
interview and give you a certificate that you00:08:35
will not do this to you anyway, it’s a00:08:37
matter of being a citizen, that is, by way of00:08:39
exception, again, it’s easy black and white, but00:08:44
what to do here, how to do it here00:08:50
when where is the limit, you know where the limit is,00:08:55
don’t swear to this, and also there is, and we00:09:02
will try now from the point of view of00:09:06
modern reality00:09:08
and tie this00:09:11
this principle which Jesus says there and00:09:16
that we shouldn’t promise anything to anyone at all00:09:22
in this case00:09:26
of a dream, who will deal with you, and00:09:30
in general, is this a meeting of believers here,00:09:35
like a church and everyone is doing it, don’t00:09:39
swear what it will look like,00:09:43
well, brothers, let’s hold a deacon’s00:09:48
meeting of such- then the numbers brother we are not we00:09:53
will try over no one can promise00:09:56
you the situation is not easy how to understand all this00:10:02
to me well let’s figure it out here00:10:07
let’s figure it out first of all what the00:10:12
ancient one is telling us00:10:15
and we have already said that the ancient one is the00:10:22
language of Jesus the ancients said this is a reference00:10:27
to oral tradition, that is, perception from an00:10:33
oath in the oral tradition, it was a very00:10:40
very serious thing,00:10:45
breaking an oath00:10:48
was considered one of the most serious00:10:53
atrocities,00:10:55
again when we talk about priorities00:11:02
in the system of Pharisaic rabbinic00:11:07
Judaism, the question of oaths was very very00:11:13
strict if a person swore he was bound00:11:21
and between he was bound very serious00:11:27
obligations and about this dream society and00:11:31
there was such a situation such a00:11:35
story in medieval Judaism in00:11:41
medieval Spain many Jews00:11:49
at the end at the end of the 15th century were forced to00:11:56
convert to Christianity in fact King00:12:01
Philip did not leave any choice for the Jews00:12:05
either you leave the country or you00:12:12
accept Christianity,00:12:15
otherwise you will die for those who could not00:12:20
leave the country,00:12:22
it was 1492, known to the history of00:12:30
the addict00:12:31
expulsion of Jews from Spain, and00:12:35
many of them, on pain of death,00:12:39
agreed to convert to Christianity, they were00:12:44
monitored in the strictest way if a person00:12:50
who accepted Christianity, his neighbors00:12:54
noticed that he prayed in Hebrew, he was00:12:59
taken to the Inquisition,00:13:03
he was tortured, he was tortured until he00:13:06
admitted under torture that he had converted to00:13:11
Christianity, low, not as soon as he00:13:14
said these words, he was burned at the stake00:13:18
as a heretic, however, several00:13:25
decades later, an uprising began in the Spanish Netherlands00:13:29
there was a part against the00:13:34
Tang movement of the Protestant00:13:37
reformation there was a war00:13:40
led by William of Orange00:13:44
the Netherlands the northern part00:13:47
became Protestant and expelled the Spaniards00:13:53
to since it was a common territory the00:13:58
Jews could spans00:14:01
and get there all the Jews who00:14:04
were forcibly converted to Christianity00:14:09
were called Marranos Mara us in Hebrew00:14:13
and in Spanish and this is a pig,00:14:16
and the point is to demonstrate00:14:18
their so-called loyalty to00:14:24
the Church of Christ, a Jew00:14:26
who agreed to be baptized was required to00:14:30
publicly eat pork, this was a sign of00:14:34
loyalty, that is, the Inquisition thereby00:14:39
hoped that a person would00:14:46
not be able to return back to the Daiz in this way00:14:50
because that all the principles were violated by00:14:55
finding themselves in the Netherlands,00:14:57
whose authorities, William00:15:01
of Orange, fortunately favored the Jews and00:15:05
accepted them, gave them refuge,00:15:09
many Jews began to look for a way to get out00:15:14
of such Christianity, and00:15:19
in this case, then equal and developed a00:15:25
special liturgical hymn00:15:28
called if not all drift00:15:32
oaths,00:15:34
this gene was read, fulfilled or00:15:40
fought during Yom Kippur, and that is, on00:15:44
Yom Kippur,00:15:45
this Jew00:15:47
who fed him pork under00:15:50
fear of the fire,00:15:52
sprinkled holy water on him and00:15:56
hung a cross on him, this Jew00:16:00
could now come to the synagogue and through00:16:05
participation in this liturgical, as00:16:09
they say in this liturgical ritual,00:16:13
if there is no heaven, all the vows, he could00:16:16
free himself from what he promised to the00:16:19
holy Catholic Church and this hymn is what it is,00:16:24
it is sung in Aramaic,00:16:29
but it is so a little difficult to00:16:31
translate because there are a lot of tons of00:16:36
synonyms for the word the oath of the thousand,00:16:42
especially in Judaism, this question was00:16:48
very very very developed, but if we00:16:53
read what the00:16:57
Mishnah tells us, it’s interesting what is written,00:17:01
for example, there are at least five00:17:06
different types of oaths of the00:17:09
subsoil of the kingdom of carbon00:17:17
about which we read one of the spore00:17:22
sus and damn it, that is, at00:17:26
least five main types of oaths,00:17:29
these oaths are then further divided into00:17:35
various different moments, that is, a very00:17:42
sophisticated00:17:44
developed00:17:47
legal system was created and this00:17:52
legal system00:17:55
regulated the ways in which a person took00:18:01
an oath00:18:02
and then how he00:18:06
was freed from it, in particular what known to the00:18:11
reader of the new testament this word carbon00:18:15
carbon in principle this word is found00:18:19
in the book of Leviticus00:18:21
the book of Leviticus it simply means a gift or00:18:26
sacrifice however the legal00:18:30
system developed in early00:18:33
rabbinic00:18:34
Judaism classified carbon as00:18:41
something belonging to the temple00:18:46
what happened for what Jesus for example00:18:52
when he was accused of washing doesn’t wash doesn’t00:18:57
wash his hands what he00:19:02
accuses the Pharisees of00:19:04
he brings this system to00:19:07
show how it was possible to get away from paying a00:19:13
parent’s pension well we think00:19:16
in modern categories and in modern00:19:20
categories it looks something like this:00:19:25
today the pension is paid by00:19:29
the state or the insurance system00:19:31
and then when the father could no longer direct00:19:38
him to do work in the business00:19:43
that the man had, he bequeathed00:19:48
this business to his son, that is, it was00:19:51
inherited, the cheese became00:19:56
the heir00:19:58
owner00:19:59
even before the death of the father, but an agreement was concluded00:20:03
according to which part of the profit00:20:07
went to support the parents, that is, the so-00:20:10
called00:20:11
inside the family pension system,00:20:16
how some got out of this situation,00:20:20
they dedicated all the property to the temple,00:20:26
thus significantly limiting00:20:30
pension payments to their parents, when the00:20:35
parents died, the issue was resolved00:20:40
by paying a fine and00:20:45
simply freeing the person from00:20:49
the oath,00:20:50
a benefit was obtained, that is, the difference between the00:20:53
cost of services for the release from the00:20:57
oaths and the payments that00:21:01
the parents needed to make, just put00:21:04
yourself in your pocket. Jesus00:21:09
criticized this very form of bread. Well, having talked about00:21:16
Judaism and oaths in Judaism, it’s worth00:21:20
talking about the oaths of the00:21:23
Holy Scriptures, in contrast to00:21:27
rabbinic Judaism, in biblical00:21:31
Hebrew there are three words regarding oaths,00:21:38
let’s Let's open with you the book of the00:21:42
number 30 chapter00:21:46
we will see two of these two of these word the00:21:53
first word is not a gift, this is00:21:57
how we say if someone gives dinner00:22:04
to the Lord00:22:06
or swears00:22:10
an oath,00:22:12
that is, two words are used here,00:22:17
subsoil and showa, that is, these are two main00:22:28
such actions subsoil00:22:34
there are 3 more words and the third word is not00:22:39
two but mitava is very often used in00:22:47
relation to sacrifices, this is like00:22:51
such a dinner,00:22:52
for example, when it comes00:22:56
to a peace offering, it is written in this00:23:04
way a peace offering can be00:23:07
offered as gratitude, or it can be00:23:11
offered as a vow from the zeal of a00:23:14
Levite Chapter 3, when it comes to the00:23:21
vow, here it’s just a person for00:23:25
some reason, but from the type this is not a00:23:29
very good reason, this is00:23:34
what he does and he makes a vow to00:23:40
bring the first thing that comes out of the house,00:23:49
unfortunately, he did not specify what he had00:23:55
in view00:23:57
of his daughter, the story00:24:00
ends tragically,00:24:03
why and because Fay00:24:07
forgot about the oath, he did not forget, you see00:24:12
the question of the oath is a matter of honor for Ifa and00:24:17
he is ready to00:24:19
fulfill this at any cost,00:24:23
so he takes the life of his touch,00:24:30
which did not leave behind any00:24:33
offspring, naturally the reason for his00:24:37
death, there cannot be another reading of this text,00:24:41
but what did you forget? I’ve00:24:50
also been in the book and the fifth chapter, it00:24:54
turns out there is a way to resolve the issue00:24:58
and sekta with unreasonable lips swore to00:25:04
something, must make a guilt offering00:25:08
and fi did not bring it a guilt offering, he00:25:12
decided to make a human sacrifice, this00:25:16
speaks of a serious crisis that00:25:19
existed in the Israeli people,00:25:21
but also about the mentality of the00:25:25
status of a person, the responsibility of a person00:25:29
who took some kind of oath, well, not everyone00:25:35
did what, so the Bible very00:25:39
often tells us to fulfill your oaths00:25:42
regarding the temple, lunch and my yes I00:25:46
will bring lunch and my Deuteronomy 1200:25:50
chapter the place where00:25:54
the Lord will choose to come there for his name00:25:59
there bring your and the tithes and the00:26:03
firstborn of the herd and small livestock lunch and00:26:08
yours that is lunch is what we00:26:12
swore to bring to the Lord in the00:26:15
context of the book of Leviticus this is a definite00:26:19
sacrifice, if there is something like00:26:23
this, I’m ready to sacrifice00:26:26
my best calf, okay, I agreed, and00:26:32
please be kind enough to do this,00:26:35
but when we talk about the oath of the show and the00:26:42
oath of holes00:26:45
here the situation is somewhat different showa this is an00:26:51
imposition on oneself of00:26:54
some- then the prohibitions00:26:58
an indoor00:27:00
is the assumption of some kind of obligations.00:27:08
It is interesting that the whole treatise of the mishna00:27:13
regarding such obligations on00:27:16
the gift is00:27:17
included in the section on women,00:27:21
why and because the question of how a00:27:31
woman takes on some kind of00:27:34
obligation, this obligation must00:27:36
be signed by00:27:39
her husband, father or older brother,00:27:44
why is it very simple here, here we are00:27:48
just looking at the question of what an00:27:53
obligation looks like, an obligation, this is00:27:57
what today is the most00:28:02
common form of an oath,00:28:04
you wanted to take out something on credit, a00:28:10
car, what are you doing,00:28:15
you swear to the bank, you turned out to be you swear to the bank00:28:24
to pay a certain00:28:30
amount monthly, the same thing here in ancient times, a00:28:34
woman took on an obligation, she00:28:38
entered into a certain agreement with someone without making a00:28:43
deal, why, well,00:28:45
wives and Murz, yes, because you need a head of00:28:49
the family,00:28:51
today every person has an00:28:54
identity card, in those days there was an00:28:59
identity card 7 this is a family ring00:29:04
bulo and today it is called00:29:07
just recently during excavations on the southern00:29:11
side of Jerusalem the00:29:14
wall of Jerusalem was found a bua on00:29:19
which00:29:20
Isaiah the prophet was written, that is, this is00:29:25
not only a document of identity but also of the family,00:29:30
so a woman can make a deal00:29:34
on the women and the ring itself there00:29:36
were no passports, the husband, the father,00:29:41
approves this deal,00:29:44
okay, now the question is, does00:29:50
Jesus forbid making deals? If we say yes, then00:30:00
we have a serious problem; we will practically00:30:04
paralyze economic00:30:07
activity because if it is forbidden00:30:13
to swear, then this means that no one00:30:17
will lend money to anyone if It is impossible to00:30:21
lend,00:30:22
then not a single production, not a single business00:30:26
can develop, and that is why it is00:30:30
very important here to read what00:30:34
Jesus teaches in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 500:30:38
in context,00:30:41
let's look at this context; it is00:30:44
not written, do not swear at all.00:30:49
and00:30:52
it’s explained why you can’t swear on00:30:57
heaven and earth00:31:03
heroes Salim on your head, why let’s00:31:12
look carefully at how a00:31:17
normal deal is concluded, even for a00:31:20
consumer loan, what the bank does,00:31:23
you don’t come to the bank, give your00:31:27
passport and say I promise you, you’ll00:31:33
pay every month, how can that be? will not00:31:37
accept what the bank should do, the bank will say I don’t00:31:40
know how it is here now,00:31:42
but the bank will check from I do it where I00:31:47
live wang check my credit00:31:49
history, look at my credit rating00:31:53
depending on the size of the purchase, he00:31:56
will require you to bring a certificate of income and00:32:00
so on, that is, he does not give the bank risks me a loan00:32:05
for nothing,00:32:08
but it calculates its00:32:14
risk00:32:17
by figuring out whether I can pay or not, for00:32:22
example, if a person’s salary is 10,00000:32:28
hryvnia or I’ll give 10 thousand dollars and00:32:34
he has loans for a00:32:38
house, car, refrigerator, furniture, mobile00:32:43
phone, his tuition fees are also calculated00:32:46
the amount of loan payments is 7,00000:32:51
dollars, no punk00:32:56
will give an additional loan because they see00:32:58
the situation,00:33:01
what then is meant here is very00:33:05
simple between human relationships,00:33:11
how often among themselves in the church in the community00:33:19
people get into serious situations and00:33:26
quarrels arise when debts are not repaid to each other00:33:30
one of the most terrible00:33:35
reasons for quarrels within a community, do you know00:33:40
why this happens, but because00:33:45
they use the wrong00:33:47
text from the same gospel to those00:33:53
who want to study with you, give between two00:33:58
different types of loans00:34:00
there is a loan when a person has nothing to eat,00:34:05
yes yes you are studying a person could00:34:10
feed himself well you you borrow a reasonable00:34:13
amount, understanding at the same time, understanding00:34:19
that the poor check may not be00:34:21
returned, but you are ready to suffer, the other00:34:26
side comes those people I want to00:34:29
open a business,00:34:30
I know that you have savings there somewhere,00:34:33
lend me your savings00:34:38
and I will come in a year and I will bring you up to 2000:34:43
percent of the profit, I swear, and then the00:34:47
oaths of the oaths of00:34:51
the oaths of the oaths begin that this is sworn, unsecured00:34:59
if you swear to the bank by showing it00:35:05
your income, your salary, and so on,00:35:09
the bank does an analysis, and there are more00:35:12
complex00:35:13
loans when a person gives some syllable00:35:18
then between each other what will you swear by00:35:25
Jerusalem and what will you do then with00:35:33
your head if you even00:35:39
cut off your own head who will need it00:35:44
what is Jesus talking about Jesus does not say not to00:35:49
make promises but says not to make00:35:54
empty promises00:35:57
unsecured promises I want00:36:01
something for so that there is peace in00:36:04
human relations00:36:08
[music]00:36:18
[music]Description:
Как понимать слова Христа о клятве? Стоит ли давать обещания? Запрещает ли Иисус сделки? Какие клятвы встречаются в Библии? Ответы на эти вопросы в десятой лекции.
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UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.
Which format of "09 - Что говорил Иисус о клятве Выпуск - Нагорная проповедь" video should I choose?
The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.
Why does my computer freeze when loading a "09 - Что говорил Иисус о клятве Выпуск - Нагорная проповедь" video?
The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.
How can I download "09 - Что говорил Иисус о клятве Выпуск - Нагорная проповедь" video to my phone?
You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "09 - Что говорил Иисус о клятве Выпуск - Нагорная проповедь"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "09 - Что говорил Иисус о клятве Выпуск - Нагорная проповедь"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.