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00:01:03
Northern India, the eternal,00:01:05
where palaces of the Maharajas
and Mughal temples,00:01:08
multicolored festivities and the Taj Mahal
intermixed with Indian megalopolises,00:01:14
creating an unlikely
and indescribable mix.00:01:17
Its various ethnicities,
its few thousand years of history,00:01:21
and its multiple religious groups
reveal the rich heritage00:01:24
and the great cultural diversity of India.00:01:43
On the road of the Indies,00:01:45
Delhi is often unfairly ranked
below neighboring Agra and Rajasthan.00:01:54
Yet, the capital
of the biggest democracy in the world00:01:56
is highly reflective of the grandeur
and ambivalences of modern-day India.00:02:03
Today, two cities co-exist within Delhi.00:02:06
New Delhi, the most recent,
was settled by the British00:02:08
during colonization.00:02:14
To the north, Old Delhi
dates back to the Mughal era.00:02:24
Old Delhi seems to echo
the stereotypical image of India,00:02:28
congested, busy, throbbing
and odorous, and especially full of light.00:02:38
A world of rickshaws,
saris, and free-roaming cows.00:02:54
Along with a rather peaceful atmosphere,00:02:57
Delhi offers a nice image
of intermingled ethnic groups.00:03:09
At the heart of Old Delhi
stands the impressive Red Fort,00:03:13
today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.00:03:16
The Mughal Empire,
which flourished in the 16th century,00:03:19
left its mark on Delhi,
its former capital.00:03:23
Both conquerors and aesthetes,00:03:25
the Mughals created a city
on par with their military power.00:03:29
The Red Fort was built
by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan,00:03:32
around 1640.00:03:37
It's a gigantic complex with towers
standing atop its massive walls.00:03:41
The fort gets its name
from the red sandstone00:03:43
that was used to build it.00:03:46
The surrounding wall is nearly
2.5 kilometers long and 33 meters high00:03:50
on the side that faces the city.00:03:54
Passing through the monumental Lahore Gate
and behind its austere walls00:03:58
lies a luxuriant garden
interspersed with imperial palaces,00:04:02
marble mosques and Mughal pavilions
formerly decorated with precious stones.00:04:09
The palace was modeled
after the image of paradise00:04:12
described in the Quran.00:04:14
On one of the walls, a simple phrase
evokes this most famous epic.00:04:18
"If there's a paradise on Earth,
here it is."00:04:22
It is easy to imagine the powerful Mughals
nonchalantly smoking narghile00:04:26
beneath the colonnades
of the chiseled marble palaces.00:04:36
The two most emblematic buildings
of the Red Fort00:04:39
are the two audience halls,00:04:41
the Diwan-i-Aam,
where the emperor, seated on a throne,00:04:44
received official guests,00:04:47
and the Diwan-i-Khas
for private audiences.00:04:54
The Diwan-i-Aam hall
was decorated with stuccoes00:04:58
and included a series of gold columns.00:05:00
It also included a large railing that
separated the commoners from the emperor.00:05:13
From his balcony in a canopied alcove,00:05:15
the emperor heard
complaints from his subjects.00:05:22
The Red Fort is considered to represent
the peak of Mughal creativity,00:05:25
which, under the reign
of Emperor Shah Jahan,00:05:28
attained an even
higher degree of refinement.00:05:30
The palace's layout
was influenced by Islamic architecture,00:05:34
but each pavilion includes elements
that are typical of Mughal architecture,00:05:38
reflecting a fusion of Persian,
Timurid and Hindu traditions.00:05:43
The innovative design
and architectural style of the Red Fort,00:05:46
and especially its gardens,00:05:48
heavily influenced ulterior constructions
in Rajasthan and neighboring regions.00:05:54
The gardens
are irrigated by the Yamuna River,00:05:57
reoriented to this end.00:05:59
The private apartments
are made up of pavilions00:06:02
that are linked by a canal
called the River of Paradise,00:06:05
which flows
through the center of each pavilion.00:06:09
The Red Fort Palace Complex
is among the best examples00:06:13
of Mughal architecture,00:06:14
and it is one of India's
most popular tourist attractions,00:06:17
drawing millions of visitors each year.00:06:26
In the Diwan-i-Khas,
the private audience hall,00:06:29
the emperor met with his courtesans
and with official state guests.00:06:33
The hall is comprised
of a rectangular chamber00:06:36
with arched openings
supported by pillars on all sides.00:06:50
South of the palace
lies the sumptuous Rang Mahal00:06:53
known for its marble pool
that is filled by the Paradise River00:06:56
and for its marble sculptures
that emphasize the skill and know-how00:07:00
of Mughal artists and artisans.00:07:07
Its pillars and beautifully decorated
golden ceiling00:07:10
leaves the visitor breathless.00:07:27
West of the Hamam
stands Moti Masjid, the Pearl Mosque.00:07:31
It is a small three-domed mosque
carved in white marble00:07:34
with a triple-arched facade.00:07:36
Built for the successor of Shah Jahan,
it was added to the complex in 1659.00:07:51
The Red Fort
has symbolized the seat of power00:07:53
since the reign
of the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan.00:07:57
It has also witnessed
the changes Indian society experienced00:08:00
under British domination.00:08:01
It was also the site where India
celebrated its independence in 1947.00:08:07
To this day,
Independence Day is celebrated here00:08:09
on August 15th.00:08:16
Chandni Chowk is a major shopping road
located further down the Red Fort.00:08:23
Around this busy avenue,
full of cars and rickshaws,00:08:26
lies a huge bazaar.00:08:31
The Moonlight Market,00:08:32
built in the 17th century
by the Mughal emperor,00:08:35
was once intersected by canals
that reflected the moonlight.00:08:39
Today, it is one of the biggest
wholesale markets of India.00:08:43
The bazaar contains
many specialized markets.00:08:48
Saris and traditional clothing
are found in Fatehpuri.00:08:52
Dariba Kalan and Kinari Bazaar
are known for their silverware00:08:55
and jewellery.00:08:59
Khari Baoli is a delight for the senses,
selling dried fruit, spices and grains.00:09:05
A giant beehive,
Chandni Chowk, is a must see.00:09:10
One of the facets of lively,
colorful and spicy India.00:09:20
Located opposite the Red Fort
and built in 1656,00:09:24
Digambar Temple
is the capital city's oldest Jain temple.00:09:30
Jainism from the Sanskrit word Jina,
the conqueror,00:09:34
is a religion
that prescribes non-violence.00:09:37
It is based on the theory
of karma and reincarnation,00:09:40
on ecology and plurality
and prescribes asceticism.00:09:44
It is one of the most
ancient religions of the world,00:09:47
originating in antiquity,
or even prehistory around 3000 to 3500 BC.00:09:55
It disseminated its teachings to all,
regardless of ethnicity, gender or age.00:10:00
The temple is very popular
and the devout come bearing offerings00:10:03
such as fruit,
grains, rice and even candles.00:10:07
Due to their rigorous adherence
to the precepts and ethics of Jainism,00:10:11
the Jaints have become well represented00:10:13
in the cultural, political
and business sectors of India.00:10:21
Indeed, the Jain community
has the highest literacy rate of India.00:10:39
The biggest mosque of India
is located, unsurprisingly, in Delhi,00:10:42
once the pinnacle of Muslim culture
under the Mughals.00:10:47
Jama Masjid, the Friday mosque
can hold up to 25,000 people.00:10:52
Made of red sandstone,00:10:53
its design is distinctly Mughal
and includes a vast paved courtyard00:10:57
surrounded by three high gates.00:10:59
The highest gate
was reserved for the emperor only.00:11:08
Its stones, cupolas and minarets
make it easily identifiable00:11:11
from a distance.00:11:13
Also built during the reign
of Emperor Shahjahan,00:11:16
the mosque was linked to the Red Fort
by an underground passageway.00:11:20
Below the three
bulbous red and white domes,00:11:22
the mosque echoes the majesty of a people
who clearly left their mark on Delhi00:11:26
and Northern India, the Mughals.00:12:27
When the Muslims
seized Delhi in the 12th century,00:12:29
they erected a monument
to represent their faith and their power.00:12:35
Qutub Minar,
a majestic tower over 70 meters high00:12:38
is to this day,
among the world's highest minarets.00:12:42
The Qutub Minar Complex
contains many other buildings00:12:45
and the first mosque of India.00:12:47
According to an engraving
above the eastern entrance,00:12:50
it was built from materials
obtained in the demolition00:12:52
of 27 idolatrous temples.00:12:57
Extracted materials reveal
that the recycled elements00:13:00
were taken from Jain and Hindu temples.00:13:02
Certain parts of the mosque are decorated
with floral motifs and calligraphies.00:13:07
A masterpiece of Hindu Muslim art.00:13:10
Everything lies in the details,00:13:11
from the sculpted suras
to the flowering carvings.00:13:15
With over 150 million followers,00:13:18
Islam is today
the greatest religious minority of India.00:13:21
The first Muslims
arrived in India in the eighth century,00:13:24
first for trade, then for war.00:13:28
The peak of their conquest
lies in the growth of the Mughal Empire00:13:31
in the 16th century.00:13:33
Ever since, Hindus and Muslims
have tried to live together in harmony.00:13:38
West of the mosque
lies the tomb of Iltutmish,00:13:40
the builder of the minaret.00:13:42
This was a novelty for India,00:13:44
where tradition
called for cremation of the dead.00:13:55
Humayun's tomb
is a complex of Mughal architecture.00:13:59
The site contains the tomb
of the eponymous emperor.00:14:02
The sculpted stone works
here are enchanting.00:14:05
This is perhaps one
of the most beautiful sights of Delhi.00:14:08
One must spend time here
to soak in the landscaped model00:14:11
of Paradise on Earth.00:14:14
The fountains,
invaded by squirrels, gurgle serenely.00:14:20
Surrounded by Persian-style gardens,00:14:23
Humayun's tomb is a huge mausoleum
made of red sandstone and white marble.00:14:28
It was built in his honor
from 1565 to 156900:14:32
by his widow, Haji Begum.00:14:39
It is the first example
of Mughal architecture.00:14:47
It exemplifies
the splendor of Mughal art,00:14:50
with its arcades and its dome
designed by a Persian architect00:14:54
and built by 300 Arabic artisans.00:14:57
This type of funerary monument
reached the peak of its glory00:15:00
with the construction
of the Taj Mahal mausoleum in Agra.00:15:03
Humayun's tomb was designated
a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.00:15:17
The sober aspect of the tombs
inside the mausoleum00:15:20
stands in contrast
to the luxuriant exterior decorations.00:15:41
Northern India, in the Mughal Triangle,
the cradle of Buddhism and Hinduism,00:15:45
heavily influenced by Islam,
dominated by Mughal emperors00:15:49
and Maharajas and later by the British,00:15:52
truly forms a cultural
and religious mosaic.00:15:56
A colorful and bright melting pot.00:16:08
Jantar Mantar
is an astronomical observatory00:16:10
that was built in the 13th century
by the Maharaja Jai Singh II,00:16:15
who also initiated the Jaipur observatory
in neighboring Rajasthan.00:16:19
It contains a wealth
of astronomical instruments00:16:21
devoted to studying the path of the stars
to establish astrological birth charts00:16:26
and to define the most suitable time
for important events00:16:29
such as weddings and political decisions.00:16:34
The name is derived from Yantra
meaning instrument, and Mandir, temple,00:16:40
thus, the temple of instruments.00:16:52
South of Delhi lies Agra, heaven.00:16:56
Agra was the capital city
from the 16th to the 17th century.00:17:01
It reached its glory
under the successive reigns00:17:04
of the emperors
Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.00:17:07
The latter ordered the construction
of the Taj Mahal in 163100:17:10
before transferring
the capital city to Delhi.00:17:13
Today, Agra draws millions of tourists
due to its majestic and famous mausoleum.00:17:22
Among the 20,000 people
who worked on the construction site00:17:25
were master artisans
from Europe and Central Asia.00:17:30
The head architect
was Ustad Ahmad from the city of Lahore.00:17:53
The Taj Mahal funerary complex00:17:54
was built using materials sourced
from various regions in India and Asia.00:17:59
The white marble
was extracted from Rajasthan,00:18:01
the jasper from Punjab,00:18:04
the turquoise and malachite from Tibet00:18:06
and sapphires
and lapis lazuli from Sri Lanka.00:18:09
The coral from the Red Sea.00:18:11
The carnelian from Yemen.00:18:13
The onyx from Persia.00:18:15
The garnets from the Ganges River.00:18:17
The rock crystal from the Himalayas.00:18:20
All in all, 28 types
of precious and semi-precious stones00:18:23
were used in the calligraphies
and inlaid motifs00:18:26
displayed on the white marble.00:18:28
Over 1,000 elephants were used
to transport the necessary material.00:18:40
Seen from the gardens,
the majesty of the Taj Mahal00:18:43
is beyond impressive.00:18:44
One walks slowly, as in a dream,
towards this tomb of white marble00:18:48
enshrouded in a cloudy mist
that accentuates its magical appearance.00:18:52
The gardens were designed
to reflect the description of paradise00:18:55
with its four rivers
of water, milk, wine and honey.00:19:01
The tomb's central dome
is surrounded by four identical minarets.00:19:07
The monument is perfectly symmetrical.00:19:44
This sublime white marble mausoleum00:19:46
arose from Emperor Shah Jahan's
fervent love for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal,00:19:51
which is Persian for light of the palace.00:19:54
She died on June 17th, 1631,
while giving birth to their 14th child.00:20:01
Devastated by her death,00:20:03
he wanted to give her
the greatest homage possible.00:20:07
Thus, this majestic and poetic monument.00:20:22
Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site,00:20:25
the Taj Mahal is the leading
tourist attraction of India,00:20:28
drawing in 2.5 million visitors annually.00:20:31
Perhaps the relative beauty
of the Taj Mahal00:20:33
is a deliberate means
of reflecting the absolute beauty of God.00:20:38
Left of the Taj Mahal
is a red sandstone mosque00:20:41
that stands in stark contrast
to the Taj Mahal's white marble.00:20:47
The Jama Masjid Mosque
was built in order to sanctify the site00:20:50
and serves as a place
of worship for pilgrims.00:20:53
To its right,
an exact replica of the mosque00:20:56
maintains the complex's
architectural symmetry.00:20:59
But this edifice is not used as a mosque
since it does not face Mecca.00:21:07
The two monuments stand on a vast platform
set atop the front terrace.00:21:13
The arches frames and the timpanis
are covered in white marble.00:21:18
The timpanis are entirely covered
with stone-inlaid floral arabesques.00:21:26
The mosque and the pavilion's design
are identical.00:21:29
They both consist
of a massive oblong prayer room00:21:32
with three rows of vaulted ceiling.00:21:45
The arches are lined
with twisted rope-shaped moldings.00:22:01
The passages of the Quran00:22:02
that are calligraphied
on the walls of the Taj Mahal00:22:05
are apparently intended to characterize
the site as the reproduction of paradise,00:22:10
a true allegory of judgment day
when the dead come before God00:22:14
and God tells them,
"You peaceful soul, be among my servants"00:22:18
"and enter into my paradise."00:22:26
Near the gardens of the Taj Mahal
stands the Red Fort of Agra,00:22:29
a significant Mughal monument
from the 17th century.00:22:34
With its perimeter walls
spanning 2.5 kilometers,00:22:37
this powerful citadel
made of red sandstone00:22:39
contained the imperial city
and a great number of palaces.00:22:43
Established as a capital city
by the Mughals,00:22:46
Agra, necessarily needed
to have its own Red Fort.00:22:50
From the fort,
the Emperor Shah Jahan,00:22:52
could contemplate the Taj Mahal,
where his beloved wife rested in peace.00:22:56
Like Delhi's fort,00:22:57
the fort in Agra stands
as one of the greatest symbols00:23:00
of the Mughal emperor's grandeur,00:23:02
which reached new heights
under Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.00:23:08
Behind the surrounding walls,00:23:10
Jahangir Mahal Palace was built
by Akbar for his son, Jahangir.00:23:15
The Mahal was the woman's main palace
and was mainly used by Akbar's wives.00:23:21
It is a combination
of Central Asian and Hindu architecture.00:23:25
The Red Fort's monuments marked
the peak of an Indo-Muslim art form00:23:29
with strong Persian influences.00:24:08
The Imperial Citadel thus contains
a large number of fairytale-like palaces00:24:12
such as the Khasmahal, the Sheesh Mahal,00:24:18
the octagonal tower,00:24:19
and the audience halls built
under the luxurious reign of Shah Jahan.00:24:29
Two very beautiful mosques00:24:31
can also be seen
within the palace complex,00:24:33
one of which is the Pearl Mosque.00:24:41
Diwan-i-Aam, the public audience hall,
was added to the Red Fort by Shah Jahan00:24:45
in 1628.00:24:46
The flat roof is supported
by three rows of beautifully decorated00:24:50
and sculpted pillars.00:25:00
Here, the emperor
heard his subjects' complaints,00:25:03
seated on silken carpets
and where he received his ministers,00:25:06
while gazing elsewhere,00:25:07
he dreamed about his
bereaved and beloved wife since.00:25:22
Two hundred and sixty kilometers
southwest of Delhi,00:25:24
Rajasthan, literally the country of kings,00:25:27
offers a series
of sumptuous, beautiful palaces.00:25:31
It is the opportunity to visit
Jaipur Palace in the state's capital.00:25:40
The name Jaipur is derived
from Jai, victory, and Pur, city.00:25:45
It was founded in 1727
by the Maharaja Jai Singh,00:25:49
a famous astronomer and mathematician.00:26:02
The city follows a grid pattern00:26:04
and its surrounding walls
are six meters high and four meters wide.00:26:08
It is accessed through one of eight gates.00:26:12
The original Jaipur contained
large avenues, 34 meters wide,00:26:15
while the rest roads that made up the grid
were at least four meters wide.00:26:21
A surprising organization
amidst the Baroque chaos00:26:24
that reigns in most cities
of the Indian subcontinent.00:26:28
The City Palace of Jaipur is a complex
located northeast of the city.00:26:32
The first constructions were made
at the initiative of Jai Singh II,00:26:36
between 1729 and 1732,
a time when the exterior walls were built.00:26:42
Successive editions
followed by various leaders00:26:45
until the 20th century.00:26:49
The City Palace holds an impressive amount
of inner quads, gardens, and monuments.00:26:54
The complex was the seat
of the Maharaja of Jaipur.00:26:58
The structure is accessed by Rajendra Pol,00:27:00
a magnificent gate
decked by two marble-sculpted elephants.00:27:13
The audience hall, Diwan-i-Khas,
entirely covered in marble,00:27:17
stands in the middle of the courtyard.00:27:21
Here, we delve into the marvelous world
of the havelis,00:27:25
the palaces of the Maharajas.00:27:28
Jai Singh II, the mathematician,
took part in designing his own residence,00:27:33
which is still partially occupied
by the Maharaja's family.00:27:36
The rest of the palace is a museum.00:27:39
In the room,00:27:40
two gigantic silver jars,
the biggest in the world are displayed,00:27:47
as well as sumptuous crystal chandeliers.00:28:04
We are now in front of the Moon Palace.00:28:08
Today, most of the palace
is occupied by the descendants00:28:11
of the first leaders of Jaipur.00:28:13
Only the museum
on the ground floor can be visited.00:28:21
Chandra Mahal is seven stories high,
and each floor has its own name.00:28:29
Balconies, encased in glass or decked
in ceramic decorations, are typical.00:28:38
On the roof, a pavilion
topped with the royal family's flag00:28:41
offers a panoramic view
over the gardens and the entire city.00:28:46
Within these Indian palaces,
nostalgia runs thick,00:28:49
and one imagines
all the intrigues that unraveled00:28:53
beneath the luxurious facades.00:28:55
The Moon Palace is undoubtedly
a prime example of Indian kitsch.00:29:03
The Mubarak Mahal, or welcome palace,00:29:06
is a mix of Mughal,
Rajput and European styles00:29:09
built in 1890
by the Maharaja Madho Singh II00:29:12
as a residence for his guests.00:29:20
Today, it is part of the museum.00:29:22
The Maharaja's wardrobe
is on display here,00:29:25
rising two meters high
and weighing 250 kilograms.00:29:33
He had 108 wives.00:29:51
With a passion for mathematics,
astronomy and astrology,00:29:54
King Jai Singh II had five observatories
constructed in Northern India00:29:59
in the 1720s.00:30:01
The observatory of Jaipur,00:30:02
inspired by the one in Delhi,
is the most impressive.00:30:06
The observatory contains a series
of specialized astronomical instruments.00:30:11
Its large-scale calculating tools
have interested a number of architects,00:30:14
historians and scientists
throughout the world,00:30:17
from their conception to modern times.00:30:21
This is the biggest sundial in the world,
rising 27 meters high.00:30:25
It measures time up to two seconds.00:30:35
Another particularity of Jaipur.00:30:38
At the intersection of Tripolia Bazaar,
a fragile edifice rises above the avenue.00:30:43
Hawa Mahal,
the aptly named Wind Palace,00:30:47
built in 1799 as a place of fresh air
for the Maharaja's wives and concubines00:30:51
in summer.00:30:53
Nine hundred and fifty three
windows and balconies00:30:55
decorate the five-story facade,00:30:57
letting the air in
and enabling the woman to see outside00:31:00
while preventing them from being seen.00:31:05
Seen from the street,00:31:06
the narrowness of this interesting edifice
goes unnoticed.00:31:09
Merely four to five meters maximum
on the fifth floor.00:31:20
The city wasn't originally uniformly pink
as it is today,00:31:24
but displayed a range of colors
from grey to white.00:31:28
The entire city was painted in pink
for Prince Albert's visit in 1876,00:31:32
pink being the traditional color
of welcome.00:31:37
To mark the occasion,00:31:39
the British built a beautiful edifice
before even thinking about its purpose.00:31:50
Nearly a century and a half later,
the Albert Hall Museum has not budged,00:31:54
and visitors come here
to admire a collection of crafts00:31:57
and mural paintings.00:32:03
It's Indo-Saracenic architecture
and stone decorations00:32:07
have become a source of reference
for various classical Indian styles.00:32:27
The Rambagh Palace
of a modest size was built in 183500:32:31
to house a private servant to the queen,00:32:34
the nurse of Prince Ram Singh II.00:32:42
The building,
then circled by a thick forest,00:32:44
was converted into a hunting lodge
in 1887.00:32:48
A palace built on this site
by the architect, Sir Samuel Jacob,00:32:51
in the early 20th century later became
the summer residence of the Maharaja.00:32:55
The palace was occupied
by the royal family until 1957.00:33:01
But due to the major maintenance expenses
of the palace and its 19-hectare gardens,00:33:05
the Maharaja decided to convert
the palace into a luxury hotel.00:33:13
Leaving Jaipur,
the road to Delhi follows a placid lake00:33:17
at the center of which
an abandoned palace seems to float.00:33:21
Painted in the colors of a sunset,
the Jal Mahal is magical.00:33:25
The palace has five floors.00:33:28
The first floor
routinely flooded in the rainy season00:33:30
when the level of the lake rises.00:33:32
The chhatris
at the four corners are octagonal.00:33:36
The middle one is the rectangular chhatri.00:33:48
Further down the road
rises another image of eternity.00:33:51
Overlooking a gorge,
a powerful fortress on rocky peaks00:33:54
stands protected
by a second higher bastion.00:34:01
Here is Amber, the former capital
of the Maharajas of Jaipur and Jagannath.00:34:06
Amber was first mentioned
by the Egyptian Ptolemy,00:34:09
pioneer of geography,
in the first millennium.00:34:13
Founded by Raja Alan Singh,00:34:15
Amber was already a flourishing city
before 1,000 AD.00:34:23
Amber is not reached effortlessly.00:34:26
There are those
who sweat their way up on foot.00:34:33
Others take a jeep or they arrive
on colorfully covered elephants,00:34:41
to reach the Gate of the Sun.00:34:53
Like most Indian fortresses,
Amber has its own public audience hall.00:34:59
Built in the 17th century,00:35:01
the architecture
of this hall is purely Hindu00:35:03
and differs from the Mughal style
that is commonly seen in Northern India.00:35:08
The Hindu columns, capitals, and arches00:35:11
differ from
the multi-lobed Islamic arches.00:35:19
Ganesh Pol is the decorous gate
that leads to the private quarters00:35:22
and palaces of the sovereigns.00:35:25
The gate is decorated
with colorful mural paintings00:35:27
displaying a heavy Mughal influence.00:35:34
The screened windows on the upper floors
enabled women to see outside00:35:37
in accordance with the purdah,
which averts women from being seen by men.00:35:48
Amber was founded in the 12th century00:35:50
at the intersection
of the roads to Delhi and Agra.00:35:55
It was a capital city
for over five centuries.00:35:57
Expanded and embellished over the years,00:35:59
the fortress came to include vast palaces
built over successive terraces.00:36:03
When the king moved the capital
to Jaipur, Amber was not abandoned.00:36:07
Not only did Amber maintain
an essential role in the military defence00:36:11
of the new city,00:36:12
but it also remained over many decades,
a crucial governmental and religious site.00:36:16
Indeed, Jai Singh
maintained a double title as Maharaja00:36:19
of both Amber and Jaipur.00:36:25
There are innumerable spaces
to be discovered.00:36:49
In the Zenana Bag, the women's garden,00:36:51
water is piped through the walls
to refresh the atmosphere.00:36:56
The fountain was perfumed with rose water.00:37:04
During his reign from 1621 to 1667,00:37:08
King Jai Singh I had many temples erected00:37:10
and expanded his palace to the point00:37:12
that it became not unlike
those of the great Mughal emperors,00:37:16
containing public
and private audience halls00:37:18
modeled off of those in Agra.00:37:23
With its ceiling covered in gold,
mirrored glass, and ivory mosaic,00:37:27
the hall at Jai Mandir
represents the utmost refinement.00:37:31
The successive courtyards,00:37:32
the hypostyle halls
that open out onto balconies00:37:35
and the mashrabiyas,
the decorations sculpted in stone,00:37:38
the gold leaf paintings,
all add to the splendor of the palace.00:37:49
In the serene setting
of the ladies' apartments,00:37:51
the Maharaja's 12 wives
and his concubines remained cloistered.00:37:56
Each had her own private apartment00:37:57
giving out onto the courtyard
of the Ram Singh Palace,00:38:00
where they would gather together
in a site rife with intrigue and betrayal.00:38:14
Amber Palace
was thus designed to be a major site00:38:17
in the development of Jaipur.00:38:19
The creation of double city territory
enclosed by surrounding walls00:38:22
spanning a 50 kilometer periphery.00:38:25
Raja Jai Singh I
brought many fine arts' workshops00:38:28
to the city as well as artists.00:38:31
Highly cultured, he spoke Hindi,
Persian, Turkish, and Arabic.00:38:37
Such openness
onto the Mughal and Persian worlds00:38:39
led Amber to become
a place of major cultural activity.00:38:45
Shortly thereafter,00:38:46
in the late 18th century
and early 19th century,00:38:49
the successors of Jai Singh II
slowly abandoned the hillside site.00:39:04
Further west, the city of Jodhpur
in the state of Rajasthan00:39:08
is also known as the Gate to the Desert00:39:10
due to its proximity to the neighboring
Thar desert in Northern India.00:39:15
Jodhpur is also called the City of Sun
since it benefits from sunny skies00:39:20
all throughout the year.00:39:23
Under the Mughal Empire,
the city knew a true time of prosperity,00:39:26
of cultural and commercial exchange.00:39:29
Jodhpur continued to prosper
in the 19th century under the British Raj.00:39:36
The merchants of Jodhpur came to occupy
a dominant position in Indian trade.00:39:43
Jodhpur was a strategic site
for the ruling elite,00:39:46
especially due to its opium,
coffee, and spice trade with Delhi.00:39:53
The clock tower was built in 1910
by the Maharaja Sardar Singh00:39:57
to mimic the British and especially
to supply the people with a public clock.00:40:07
In 1947, India became independent00:40:11
and Jodhpur became
the second greatest city00:40:13
in the new state of Rajasthan
following Jaipur.00:40:17
Sadar Bazaar stretches out
around the clock tower00:40:19
in a labyrinth of alleys and dead ends,00:40:21
some of which are specialized
in cloths, scarves and airy pashminas.00:40:27
There are also the magical drapings
that are saris.00:40:34
Sara Bazaar gets going around 11:30
and reaches its peak activity00:40:39
in the late afternoon.00:40:41
It is both the center of activity
and the economic center of the old town.00:41:08
After crossing the bazaar00:41:10
and walked up the promontory
in the blue quarter of the Brahmins,00:41:13
the upper caste in India,
we reach Mehrangarh Fort,00:41:17
one of the most imposing forts of India.00:41:21
This magnificent fort
made of ochre limestone00:41:24
overlooks the city
from its height of 135 meters.00:41:29
Richly decorated palaces,
adorned with numerous courtyards,00:41:32
are found inside the fort.00:41:34
The fortress was built in 1459,
like an aerie, by the founder of Jodhpur,00:41:39
the Rao Jodha,
who lend his name to Jodhpur.00:41:44
The fort is accessed
through the Victory Gate.00:41:47
Superb facades can be viewed
from the inner courtyards.00:41:50
The fort contains historical collections.00:41:53
It is a combination
of intermingling palaces and courtyards.00:41:59
The Maharajas lived at Mehrangarh
until the early 20th century.00:42:03
Hence its name Mehrangarh,
meaning majestic fort.00:42:08
Sangar Choki,
the coronation seat of the kings,00:42:11
made of red sandstone,
is spectacularly decorated.00:42:14
According to legend,
the fortress was built on the site00:42:17
where the old hermit Cheeria Nathji,
the Lord of the Birds lived.00:42:22
The hermit was displaced from the site00:42:24
and in his wrath,
cast a terrible curse on the kingdom.00:42:29
To propitiate the curse,00:42:30
the king is said to have buried
a man alive in the foundations.00:42:35
The museum exhibits
the heritage of the ruling class,00:42:38
such as clothing and arms.00:42:39
A collection of palanquins
can be admired here.00:42:49
Most notable is the Mahadol,00:42:51
richly sculpted
and gilded in the 18th century.00:42:57
It is an armchair bearing
more or less luxurious decorations.00:43:02
The royal family
also used them on special occasions.00:43:10
This gallery exhibits one
of the richest collections of palanquins00:43:13
and elephant chairs.00:43:17
From an architectural standpoint,00:43:18
the museum is one
of the most beautiful in Northern India,00:43:21
and more specifically, it contains some
of the richest collections of Rajasthan.00:43:27
It is a perfectly preserved treasure
of the Mughal period,00:43:30
a time during which the local sovereigns
kept close ties00:43:33
with the Muslim emperors.00:43:41
The museum also has rooms
that are still furnished and decorated00:43:44
as in their time of glory.00:43:46
The Flower Palace, Phool Mahal,
dates back to the 18th century00:43:50
and was entirely
devoted to sensual pleasure.00:43:53
The royal bedroom was built around 1850.00:43:55
It is an interesting mix
of both traditional and modern styles.00:44:01
Certain details
reveal a notable British influence,00:44:04
like these Christmas tree decorations
added to the ceiling in the 1930s.00:44:09
This part of the palace was built
by the Maharaja Thakur Singh,00:44:13
the last sovereign of Jodhpur
to reside in the fortress.00:44:16
Pig skin collages
and paintings on the walls00:44:19
represent European-looking women
in traditional Indian lovemaking scenes.00:44:27
Shishamal can be found
in most palaces in the region.00:44:31
The one at Mehrangarh Fort
was designed in pure Rajput style.00:44:35
The mirrors
are topped by religious figures00:44:37
painted in lively colors.00:44:41
The typical platform is magnificent.00:44:45
Janki Mahal contains
a rich collection of royal cradles00:44:48
decorated with gilded mirrors
and figures of fairies,00:44:50
elephants and birds.00:44:55
We are in the women's quarters.00:45:06
The wives' apartments are located
within Zenana Deodi Square.00:45:10
All the wives and concubines
of the Maharaja00:45:12
resided in the inner sanctum,
guarded by eunuchs.00:45:17
The screens and fine sandstone sculptures
are highly intricate.00:45:29
From the path at the top of the Citadel,
behold a panoramic view of the city below.00:45:35
Jodhpur is commonly called the Blue City,
as blue symbolizes India's upper caste.00:45:41
Blue is also said to refract heat
and to repel mosquitoes.00:45:53
Umaid Bhawan Palace
was the palace of the Maharaja of Jodhpur.00:45:57
Its impressive cupola
is visible from any point within the city.00:46:10
Completed in 1944,
on the eve of India's independence,00:46:13
Umaid Bhawan is India's last great palace.00:46:19
The Maharaja
built this incredible construction00:46:21
to counter the unemployment rate
and famine that Jodhpur suffered00:46:25
in the 1930s.00:46:27
The English architect designed this palace
as if the empire of the British Indies00:46:31
were to last a thousand years.00:46:33
Umaid Bhawan Palace
is divided into three parts,00:46:36
the Maharaja's residence, the hotel,
and the museum on the ground floor.00:46:41
Every room, every corner within the palace
reeks of the time of colonization.00:46:59
Jaswant Thada
is a superb white marble temple00:47:02
built in memory of King Jaswant Singh II.00:47:06
It exemplifies the talent
and skill of Indian architecture.00:47:11
This funerary complex contains
the tombs of Jodhpur's kings.00:47:20
On the terrace in front of the temple,00:47:22
runs a long line of cenotaphs
of the various Maharajas.00:47:31
Unfairly nicknamed, Little Taj,00:47:34
the main monument was built like a temple.00:47:38
It is a white marble memorial,00:47:41
built from
finely sculpted thin marble sheets.00:47:44
As a result,
the exterior walls emit a warm glow00:47:47
when the sun's rays fall upon it.00:47:58
These stones
are extremely fine and polished.00:48:10
The sculptures
reveal the genius of the sculptors.00:48:19
The cenotaph of the Maharaja Jaswant Singh
also displays beautifully sculpted marble.00:48:29
The walls are decorated with portraits
of the Maharajas in memory of the past.00:48:46
Forgotten floating palaces,
fortified citadels of red and ochre stone.00:48:51
Alleys full of roaming sacred cows00:48:53
and between two palaces,
the omnipresent spirit of the Maharajas.00:48:58
Rajasthan is a dream, but not an illusion.00:49:01
The embodiment of Mughal art
in all its splendor00:49:04
in northwestern India.00:49:06
Religions intersect and blend here,00:49:08
offering visitors a glimpse
of their most beautiful adornments.00:49:13
A rich blend,00:49:14
manifested
even in the dazzling chromatic scheme00:49:17
that brightens the monuments.00:49:19
From the men's turbans
to the women's saris,00:49:21
from the deep countryside
to the lively cities,00:49:24
so typical of the subcontinent.Description:
Radżastan, znany również jako „kraina królów”, niezaprzeczalnie wyróżnia się jako najbardziej tętniący życiem stan w Indiach. Jego surowe krajobrazy, łączące pustynię i półpustynne wzgórza, tworzą urzekający kontrast z żywymi barwami lokalnych strojów. Przypominający krainę z bajki, stan ten szczyci się licznymi urokliwymi miastami: Jodhpur z niebieskimi domami, Jaipur z odcieniami ochry i różu, Jaisalmer z fortecą ze złotego piasku i Udaipur ozdobiony nieskazitelnie białymi pałacami.
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