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Russian
00:00:03
Good evening00:00:06
Let's start our training session00:00:08
which this time00:00:10
were the ones who came00:00:17
In the past in past classes We00:00:20
dived into the depths of the story about that00:00:24
why do we need pointers00:00:26
how their address arithmetic works and00:00:29
all that00:00:30
this time in my opinion we should00:00:33
get out of this somewhere to the side00:00:35
either memory allocation00:00:40
And00:00:42
standard standard call for00:00:44
distribution00:00:48
traditionally the structure seems more00:00:51
richer with a richer theme on00:00:53
somewhere in the memory of me personally00:00:55
always worried since childhood00:00:56
I'm the one at leisure that I don't really have00:01:00
in fact00:01:03
how everything continues to be in smoke and00:01:10
never do anything other than work00:01:13
it continues to get easier like this00:01:16
that's why it became easier after all00:01:17
I finally read the book because I00:01:19
I teach00:01:21
It turned out that00:01:24
that God is leading me with his00:01:27
my own paths I teach from a book00:01:29
Kernig adverbs I didn’t know what I was teaching00:01:32
I teach on What speech kernels are here00:01:35
That's why00:01:36
Very close00:01:39
and it turned out to be me once00:01:41
too dry apparently this is the problem00:01:43
therefore Any person who teaches00:01:45
something00:01:47
pretty quickly forced forced00:01:50
teach something like00:01:51
let's go further, it's for me00:01:54
I didn't like it when I was00:01:55
small00:01:57
I wanted more detailed books00:01:59
there is thank God there00:02:02
brother's textbooks00:02:05
more00:02:07
I didn’t even give links Here But if you want00:02:11
approximately in expanded form means with00:02:14
read the text look at approximately00:02:17
That00:02:18
that I'm trying to wave my hands00:02:22
then this is the kerning of the adverb and I’ll do it again00:02:25
I’ll post a link to it, there are 40 types available00:02:28
find on the Internet a very good PDF in00:02:31
nasty in the text in the old text any00:02:33
options nothing has changed for a hundred years00:02:35
the book was written before I was born No00:02:37
after of course but when I was little00:02:41
and therefore00:02:43
so you don’t have to worry about taking it00:02:46
any any link00:02:49
and She will tell you in some detail too00:02:52
that's basically what I'm saying00:02:54
there are examples00:02:57
different00:03:08
any subtle practice00:03:10
we are in the process on our own00:03:15
there and in her in this book as well as in that00:03:19
what do I tell you now?00:03:21
consciously no And what for someone00:03:23
is a problem it is not deliberately00:03:26
algorithms Because it is believed that00:03:29
algorithms are separate, there is no home in it00:03:32
data structures are shown I don’t have either00:03:34
I plan none of the ethics very much00:03:36
Elementary instructor data queue00:03:38
elementary algorithms in the whole dad00:03:40
simple completed How to write a program00:03:42
like What are there but in reality00:03:44
touched places00:03:49
soldering there is a practice book00:03:51
programming which significantly00:03:53
the question of how to write goes deeper00:03:54
program standard program in legalese00:03:57
which are very worthy good00:04:00
book and which she rarely comes across00:04:03
physically in front00:04:08
that's why it was translated, I also translated it into English00:04:11
who bought the version who translated it00:04:17
spilled sea books about algorithms00:04:19
data structures00:04:21
I actually plan to go around a few00:04:23
side what is Academic00:04:25
mathematics which is useful in everyday life00:04:28
which you can00:04:30
which 40 ways to learn which00:04:33
excellent course with excellent methodology00:04:36
Great books00:04:39
If you know why all this is wonderful00:04:50
that's the main idea of this book00:04:53
we take kerniga new and all the latest00:04:56
lectures are almost in fact what she is00:04:59
I don't even suspect it, I'm very close00:05:01
I put it close to the text, it means this00:05:04
visibility is in demand knowledge00:05:05
remembered like this taught you taught how to collect00:05:09
sosens00:05:11
as self-taught as old age as a journeyman00:05:15
masters00:05:17
out of practical need00:05:19
they systematically00:05:22
here with C++, For example, I have the opposite00:05:25
history tried to be systematically taught00:05:27
always and just typing Little practice00:05:30
his training it threw it turned out like this00:05:34
misunderstanding00:05:36
This is the area I work in00:05:38
which is not very00:05:42
Fine00:05:43
so on that note we let's00:05:46
let's try to deal with memory00:05:49
and everyone else let's go look00:05:53
let's go have a look, so here we are00:05:57
we have the terminal00:06:00
We will be very interested to find out what this nonsense is00:06:03
like this an interesting story means right away00:06:06
interesting moment when when you00:06:08
restarted your money machine and decided00:06:10
look at your past teams like this00:06:12
it means once the arrows are up and then damn00:06:14
knows that there is something absolutely00:06:16
not what you typed00:06:19
explanation for this00:06:21
as I understand it, the simple thing is that00:06:25
this is a list of commands that are there00:06:27
are recorded00:06:28
are recorded00:06:30
teams that were in the last session00:06:33
but you had several terminals and you00:06:36
closed them in a certain sequence00:06:37
even if you the creator didn't do it00:06:40
they could close at the same time00:06:42
the system closed its turn and now00:06:44
sometimes it turns out to be the last00:06:46
a closed terminal is not at all00:06:48
the one that's your favorite00:06:49
last time it works more it is necessary00:06:51
was directly explicit last close00:06:52
everyone else, nail this one, leave it00:06:54
turn off the car and then close it00:06:57
Then then your then will be saved in00:07:00
the list of your past commands will be saved00:07:03
Closest to the end is what you need in00:07:07
In this case, this is not the case. Well, for example, how00:07:09
search00:07:11
One list for all your sessions00:07:14
you can search you can search like this for example00:07:17
by pressing Ctrl R00:07:21
this reverse Ice Search pops up and you00:07:24
type something there that you know00:07:27
was your team remember there were no files00:07:29
type 0700:07:32
doesn't want00:07:36
So who doesn't want Escape the end of Contra00:07:41
than re-recorded or maybe when00:07:43
closing somehow faded badly and did not00:07:45
managed to sign up beautifully00:07:48
400:07:49
[music]00:07:52
there is no such thing, that is, in my case in my00:07:55
case00:07:56
such an emergency shutdown of a virtual00:07:59
cars but I had to because I have00:08:01
The system rebooted several times00:08:03
for some of your needs00:08:07
and therefore00:08:09
apparently the team took it and didn’t remember00:08:11
what a shame00:08:14
Let's look at what we have, let's go to00:08:21
We have something00:08:24
test 08.700:08:29
good to show another editor which00:08:32
more modern type00:08:34
some kind of sublim text it seems00:08:38
Good editors00:08:40
Just to see what the world isn't00:08:43
ends00:08:47
So we have an address here00:08:49
arithmetic with obviousness00:08:52
to address arithmetic and call and00:08:55
passing function parameters by value00:08:56
and by00:08:58
and the link is good00:09:02
it means we stopped last time00:09:04
By the way00:09:06
what is worth no longer00:09:10
the text is a typical example of an editor00:09:13
which horseradish you can easily put00:09:14
Now I'll show you how to do it like this00:09:17
intersperse theory with practice00:09:22
I don't want anything history00:09:34
4 even exist00:09:36
see00:09:37
so good00:09:41
with both text tell how he is00:09:43
beautiful00:09:44
there's a bow with 400:09:48
Linux00:09:50
tutor00:09:56
the instructions look exactly like00:10:00
security and nightmare00:10:03
Here But this is a good doctor so I00:10:07
I’ll just mindlessly do what they do00:10:09
they said00:10:11
copy00:10:13
respectively00:10:16
pist00:10:21
he just download it here and I’m sure, no, not00:10:25
here to where00:10:27
Well done, what a push even knows the command00:10:30
I give my own password00:10:32
[music]00:10:33
Thanks for the work it's called00:10:37
So trust people after this than this00:10:39
what will come out on the screen is some kind00:10:40
terrifying This is some terrifying Unicode00:10:43
which they couldn’t digest what it was00:10:47
was who these people were00:10:56
just literally like I give up on what00:10:58
language00:11:03
wanted to say something00:11:07
I give up, it’s actually Unicode00:11:11
terminal00:11:14
one more attempt does not swear So00:11:16
we exist So I entered the password correctly00:11:20
Yes, this is something, so we are left alone with00:11:25
the best00:11:37
[music]00:11:39
let's understand at what stage it is00:11:43
canine00:11:50
I'll remove everything and try to just download00:11:53
means if anything this one is wonderful00:11:55
the program is just like this00:11:56
the recipient is00:11:59
the web guide it gets allows you to download00:12:03
something on the command line from the Internet00:12:07
here he downloaded something, it's true, it's good00:12:10
good text after that wants00:12:19
so he threw some kind of00:12:21
deep devilry and further He must00:12:25
there was sudoku somewhere like this Yes00:12:29
It's probably possible to do what you need00:12:31
this fair is disgusting on the screen00:12:33
pooped And the corresponding file itself00:12:35
recorded Let's look at this file00:12:37
there was always a file00:12:38
[music]00:12:42
unix is a system that00:12:44
should make friends with her00:12:46
there is00:12:51
the same [ __ ] why was it on the screen00:12:55
sent to binary file00:12:57
I think that the court should type correctly00:13:00
I pooped this on the screen It’s like it doesn’t matter00:13:03
Maybe it was like with people there after all00:13:05
I even suspect the tail of this team00:13:07
what no need00:13:10
We love our developers for this00:13:13
that we are not up to that and honestly not up to that00:13:16
C00:13:22
such a mysterious act00:13:26
pike perch too, that's all she types00:13:29
shows someone being paid a salary that00:13:32
he writes instructions like this00:13:38
there are actually two teams in a row attributed00:13:42
two teams working Now there's a new one00:13:44
installs itself, that is, now00:13:47
there was actually a connection00:13:48
no outside tutor for the pharmacy00:13:51
signature rebellious special left in00:13:55
where the text was collected00:13:57
starts Forgive me Lord00:14:02
I think it's starting00:14:07
and we will now open some test 800:14:12
because it already exists00:14:15
here are the texts with one of them separately00:14:18
free-standing graphic00:14:20
the editor is really good here she is00:14:22
he'll probably swear at the register00:14:24
can you ask for money at all?00:14:26
there he is all like he is funny00:14:28
arranged Yes, first of all, he is so handsome with00:14:31
backlit like something there00:14:33
there's a menu on top00:14:36
he clearly doesn’t do the project there, but00:14:40
the main thing is funny, you see what he has00:14:42
this is located here00:14:47
especially when moving it is clearly visible00:14:49
this is located here00:14:51
something in which00:14:53
in which It is simply located for now00:14:56
if you poke there, he will00:14:57
will jump on the file so you can00:14:59
window move files it works with00:15:01
programmers are not usually like that00:15:02
they are usually small in size00:15:04
and therefore When you have a file the length of a new one00:15:08
You're stubborn in a small graphic form00:15:11
the text is very cool actually it is00:15:13
here is a property for which you can00:15:15
forgive a lot text00:15:17
for the fact that you see the code graphically in00:15:20
usually you remember so, but here it means you00:15:23
I really want it first I want it at the end00:15:27
I'll just keep putting it all out there00:15:30
yeah because00:15:32
the characters are good and the editor is easier to see00:15:37
the smartest access00:15:41
I still have it00:15:44
outside editors00:15:46
still still still no one is better yet00:15:49
it was found like this00:15:52
so let's do something00:15:56
let's copy00:15:59
from 08 to test 09 and again00:16:05
test00:16:07
[music]00:16:08
Let's edit this test00:16:12
remove it from it00:16:15
the structure is already good Yes00:16:18
we'll [ __ ] everything up because00:16:21
experimental functions they tell us now00:16:23
Not needed00:16:24
some arrays inhabit Let00:16:37
some prince we will leave because00:16:41
do not copy00:16:48
we'll try to move on from this place somehow00:16:51
further00:16:56
Well, for example, let's look at the structure00:16:59
that is, we know that we have arrays00:17:02
Let's look at the structures to do this00:17:04
it was clear that we had started something00:17:06
explain00:17:07
We will now tell you about the structure00:17:12
and I of course when you are individual00:17:16
you teach, you can send books to look for00:17:18
Come back having understood about the structure but here in00:17:20
In our case, the number is not recorded00:17:29
Therefore, I have to sadly explain to everyone00:17:31
helped00:17:39
structures00:17:44
structures are00:17:46
Russian name fear clock English00:17:49
the name astruct is the keyword00:17:53
I'm here by the way00:17:55
I wrote something that makes me feel ashamed now00:17:57
it actually became00:18:04
sign up should go like this00:18:16
that's how it seems00:18:19
Wait a second00:18:25
Fine00:18:33
I'll look now00:18:41
Yes00:18:46
Yes Yes00:18:48
here everything is right, here's something more00:18:52
that's right, I choked to write something00:18:57
interesting it seems like it worked00:19:00
here we are at the same time here here at00:19:03
in this very important place we are at the same time00:19:04
did two unexpected things00:19:06
not explained00:19:09
two things at the same time First we00:19:13
here is the simplest structure declaration00:19:16
I’ll announce and in general it’s clear what it is00:19:29
Now00:19:31
for example classic00:19:44
node in tree00:19:48
and speeches are a typical example00:19:51
So we have pointers and I00:19:55
now I want to give birth00:19:57
I want to give birth00:20:01
difficult Let it be some00:20:04
first structure will be first it will be00:20:06
like this00:20:08
this structure is an entry in the database00:20:11
that is, generally speaking generally speaking00:20:14
into structures00:20:16
structures are00:20:23
thousands of changes per second00:20:26
I need to explain00:20:29
what now00:20:51
so these are the most obvious structures00:20:55
application is a record in the database00:20:57
that is, when you for example00:21:00
write down the database then for you then for you00:21:06
it's quite natural to want you to00:21:08
was in this database00:21:12
data about people00:21:14
there were some00:21:16
one module one module one00:21:19
bucket00:21:20
you had some structured00:21:23
information for example00:21:25
let's put the most important thing age00:21:29
that's why I want to talk00:21:30
structure in which it consists of the whole00:21:32
number indicating age00:21:36
then from something like00:21:39
now not so more human but00:21:43
although on the other hand everything is there00:21:44
Unfortunately, you can’t get out of it. Of course you can.00:21:46
make it more beautiful but for now we are in demand00:21:48
let's go with the integer that will be00:21:50
indicate gender00:21:51
we assign some meaning to it00:21:54
zero There is an average gender, the first is female00:21:58
second male00:21:59
third third00:22:03
Don't know00:22:11
gender00:22:24
We won’t give it any meaning and then we don’t want to00:22:26
so that there is no name Yes, that’s logical00:22:31
that in them this is an array Well and therefore an array00:22:34
an array of letters Well, for example, Which one can00:22:37
be the name Well, I don’t know It fit with a margin00:22:41
up to 100 characters00:22:43
For example, you00:22:45
it's straight00:22:52
his first name is his second name and last name00:22:59
name with the same length It happens00:23:01
scary name00:23:03
inhuman size, maybe shorter00:23:05
Well, we made it so big00:23:08
ok, so we got such a thing too00:23:11
I really want to operate on her completely00:23:13
therefore we describe it as a structure00:23:16
wonderful wonderful by the way00:23:20
wonderful00:23:23
a solution arises00:23:28
because I've already done all this approximately00:23:31
1000 million years ago00:23:39
I'll check if there's one there00:23:43
not everything is right at that end of the point00:23:46
a comma is not so trivial that's how it is00:23:50
structure definition00:23:52
and now I want to use the structure00:23:56
For example00:23:58
then you're probably not very correct00:24:00
placed00:24:02
then you will understand why it is not very correct00:24:04
So let me get her out of sin00:24:07
structure Now I’ll take it and move it here00:24:10
more precisely, just behind all these00:24:13
arrays here00:24:15
stuck here she will be me00:24:21
there are some methods00:24:28
sorry00:24:33
one two three four00:24:38
it hasn't jumped out of me yet00:24:41
If you have a tap-stop that's what's there00:24:44
everything is fine00:24:45
shifts00:24:47
what is it00:24:53
[music]00:25:02
the wrong shoemaker is configured00:25:09
manually although there is00:25:12
very nice trick on how to insert00:25:15
before each line As many as needed00:25:16
indentations with one blow directly through the volume00:25:19
some array volume to go That's it for now00:25:21
we don't need them00:25:24
And here is this line00:25:30
not the end of the program00:25:36
now but it's not00:25:40
this is not a variable00:25:43
this is if my memory serves me right00:25:46
This is me in this I am this structure this00:25:53
Yes, it was I who gave it, it was me. Oddly enough00:25:55
defined the type in some sense, that is00:25:57
I need an instance of the structure then I have to00:25:59
write something like this00:26:02
and here00:26:04
let's concentrate00:26:07
structure strange syntax here I am00:26:10
I decided I want to use objects00:26:12
but now but now I want00:26:16
an object of this kind to be generated in one00:26:19
copy and I have to write00:26:23
unfortunately it would not be possible to teach00:26:25
standard use00:26:29
this is the part of the post that was written here00:26:32
this part depends on this type definition00:26:35
that is, I seem to be as successful as I am00:26:38
I’m writing here. For example, int is like that00:26:40
I’m writing the structure so that the rivers Well, because00:26:43
it just won’t understand the word rack of rivers00:26:44
for some reason the structure of the dobrek will understand and00:26:49
now I actually00:26:51
structure number one and here I created00:26:54
instance of the structure and now I can00:26:56
use00:26:58
that is, further: How should I actually00:27:00
use what I mean I can00:27:02
write down data for me And how And like this S100:27:08
H equals 3300:27:13
Great, great and then I say00:27:17
Satin00:27:20
gender equals 2 for example yes00:27:24
no matter what they say now00:27:27
The question arises: how did I put the name there?00:27:29
yes But then somehow00:27:31
I'll add the name00:27:34
somehow wrote down the name somehow00:27:36
wrote it down00:27:42
somehow the first00:27:47
I did something, and now I can00:27:50
for example print something like00:27:53
C100:27:55
and equal00:27:58
you will laugh00:28:02
Let's see if it will00:28:05
place00:28:08
so this is the structure we are striptefams00:28:11
we'll leave it for now00:28:14
Here But since she actually00:28:16
it’s not actively needed, I’ll comment it out00:28:21
this is how we remember this00:28:22
long comment00:28:25
here Now let's try00:28:26
what is there to collect 9 for?00:28:35
the ad came together basically from one00:28:39
times nothing is going to win00:28:41
some kind of natural Yes, that's right00:28:44
typed Everything works straight through A00:28:47
that means we made the structure later00:28:50
use then made one00:28:51
an instance of this structure00:28:54
And then you can do it generally simply00:28:56
war miracles00:28:58
we can multiply these structures S200:29:02
Can we not describe the second structure?00:29:04
need to write00:29:07
And now we even make something like this00:29:10
allows you to actually make an array00:29:12
you can't copy structures, but you can00:29:14
Because in general, if you think about it, it’s us00:29:18
There is an explanation00:29:21
because the structure in general00:29:24
memory00:29:26
That is, everything I think I have00:29:29
healthy memory block00:29:32
this is where all this is located00:29:34
farming and when do I need to copy00:29:36
I mindlessly copy the block to my neighbor00:29:38
memory to a memory block and then00:29:40
interpret content as structure00:29:42
that is, it just takes longer00:29:44
copying this trick with arrays it00:29:46
doesn't allow00:29:48
and in general, these are correctly arrays00:29:50
potentially infinite must have length00:29:53
And here we know exactly what size00:29:55
this farm here characters 10 characters00:29:57
spent there there is such a wonderful00:30:00
The aspect of alignment that is there in00:30:02
depending on how the compiler00:30:04
optimally communicate with these s uh00:30:06
characters with00:30:08
integers There may be in this00:30:11
there may be holes in the memory structure00:30:12
there is for example00:30:15
empty bytes that cannot be called in any way00:30:18
they just go around forever unused00:30:20
Well, for example, there may be 32 free00:30:24
for example between gender and first00:30:27
so that for example all variables start with00:30:30
borders 6400:30:35
How it works is if you00:30:38
assign two values to the structure S1 then I00:30:43
I assure you Everything will be appropriated before we start00:30:46
from simple00:30:47
We00:30:49
let's print some00:30:59
we will print the same age00:31:12
and in my opinion it should00:31:15
let's see how to print00:31:18
yes You see it was printed, that is, for example00:31:20
copy and it's all other fields there00:31:21
also copies00:31:26
initialize the array located00:31:28
inside the structure these are questions on00:31:31
interviews, god knows, maybe it’s impossible00:31:35
I think that I think that it is possible00:31:38
do initialization like this yes00:31:40
let's make something interesting00:31:42
initialization for example00:31:49
I'm just making this up, but it seems there00:31:52
there is initialization00:31:54
we will make the structure00:31:58
some00:32:00
S300:32:01
So we initialize it on the spot00:32:05
so maybe she should roll00:32:09
like this, that is, we can say that he is there00:32:12
You can't name the fields, but we can make 2400:32:16
one girl00:32:19
here you can use lines00:32:22
character arrays are initialized like this00:32:26
string literals were not used00:32:34
Well, what else could Myna be?00:32:43
and we'll see if this one will work00:32:47
syntax00:32:50
wildly Now we are very bold00:32:54
[music]00:32:56
we will print very speleo00:33:00
All00:33:04
S100:33:13
gender00:33:15
equal too00:33:18
percentage d C100:33:27
equals And here are the new hour formats00:33:30
constantly it's with the line Here we are00:33:33
same thing, let's chase the homeless00:33:38
Enter S100:33:43
here's a ride00:33:51
stopping for you00:33:53
I don’t like it so much right away00:33:56
guess it's not an array you're not00:33:58
initialized note some00:34:00
initialization completed00:34:05
there are already three of course00:34:12
By the way, there is a team that00:34:15
allows00:34:18
replace all occurrences And now I can00:34:22
do it like this00:34:27
replace all skull S1 with S300:34:33
globally That is, all occurrences in a row00:34:35
on this marks the current line00:34:37
please replaced it only here00:34:41
everything is so useful to learn because it00:34:45
total menu some editor it00:34:47
team00:34:53
Here she has a second-hand Smith. Generally super yes00:34:57
Well let's bring this matter to a close00:35:00
logical conclusion00:35:03
And00:35:06
insert this block here00:35:21
and accordingly in the manner of C300:35:27
us00:35:29
it must work because we00:35:32
make a template00:35:40
this word works Well now00:35:42
incredibly interesting to me even more00:35:45
interesting thing00:35:48
[music]00:35:50
let's leave A from 2 equal to S300:35:56
what is interesting and most of all to me00:35:58
Interesting00:36:01
will be with00:36:05
name00:36:13
will be copied00:36:18
I don’t know how to format at all00:36:24
and they did the right thing00:36:26
these curled lines are ugly00:36:29
expand the screen00:36:32
not D Of course, if you want to replace00:36:36
one letter then I am you say team00:36:39
R here is no editing no input mode00:36:42
rates R nothing changes Let's00:36:45
a new letter It changed on the spot in00:36:47
same mode command00:36:49
there is such a purely programmer one00:36:51
story00:36:56
You see it was copied Why is it eggy00:37:00
how many mistakes happen? Therefore00:37:02
testing is our everything00:37:06
there is some00:37:11
What a school now But this is too much00:37:17
there is something to the end of the words deleted mode00:37:21
pit teams for all occasions00:37:26
I almost gave up programming00:37:29
quite a long time ago I don’t remember which one00:37:34
[music]00:37:38
better than now00:37:43
come out Hurry up, you'll make people laugh00:37:47
because of course I changed the wrong thing00:38:02
Here00:38:03
you see everything is wonderful, that is, it’s simple00:38:10
What’s stopping you? It’s like putting it on Facebook00:38:14
I'm interested in this not Stream not00:38:16
interested in S2 here are two interesting things00:38:21
here two were empty, I already had nothing00:38:23
Yes00:38:24
we gave him the contents00:38:27
This is how this idea was correctly confirmed00:38:30
in practice that everything works So we from00:38:32
waiting for him allows you to create a structure00:38:35
allows you to create instances to copy00:38:37
them including copying lines inside this00:38:39
generally a great way if you need it00:38:41
somewhere copy some mess you00:38:43
do the number array is terribly missing00:38:45
do this So you want to return00:38:47
for example, return an array not by reference00:38:49
And returning it is completely refundable00:38:51
value then you can write a function00:38:53
which returns a structure00:38:56
and in it put the Lonely array and yours00:38:58
the data type will still be fine, that is00:39:00
structure This is a custom data type00:39:03
this is this in general but actually this00:39:07
the main custom data type of which00:39:10
There is00:39:18
not all00:39:26
I don’t remember how it’s defined in Russian00:39:29
users00:39:49
that's how it's custom to Italy there00:39:51
all sorts of00:39:52
great but somehow not cool00:39:55
because we always get this whole structure00:39:58
that is, we carry the stigma, there is a way00:40:01
there is an easier way to have more fun00:40:05
if we do00:40:08
like this after this Here we are00:40:11
we can determine the structure00:40:13
use super Words Type00:40:17
Def00:40:20
here's what's next00:40:24
further Here I am half my life completely00:40:26
when I use tayviev I only copy00:40:28
because there is absolutely nothing for me00:40:31
allows00:40:36
remember what order00:40:39
what happened00:40:42
repeat the words00:40:45
because it's part of the type name00:40:48
structure of TB rivers yes00:40:57
Here00:40:58
taxi distinguishes big small letters00:41:01
not this one is not in the know, he distinguishes00:41:04
fame or00:41:09
to files with big small letters00:41:11
different that's why we made this one00:41:14
procedure why it is good for us And why00:41:16
we can use this later00:41:18
word last part00:41:25
this is what we can use as00:41:28
as the real name of the type and further00:41:30
stupid to write00:41:34
good00:41:39
Ertom00:41:47
continue to do exactly what we did00:41:50
you can initialize it like this structure00:41:53
This is where I suspect it’s possible for sure00:41:58
it is absolutely possible to do the following00:42:01
and everyone uses it00:42:06
And00:42:09
77 this number is good and then you can00:42:12
type00:42:19
So00:42:21
and onwards00:42:23
[music]00:42:25
deuterium card a00:42:29
he definitely pulls off this trick00:42:32
obviously00:42:33
was it in vain that we fought for the place here?00:42:37
some00:42:42
Usually he likes to leave it like this00:42:44
delimiter00:42:45
This is where we did00:42:50
what we wanted Yes, we got these We want00:42:54
convenient to use00:42:55
everyone else based on behavior00:42:58
what we defined it Everything works00:43:00
heroic heroes Yes s-300:43:04
so that one of us can normally00:43:13
Come on, copy it please00:43:16
like this00:43:21
You see everything prints fine00:43:26
that is, we have determined the type that is convenient for us00:43:29
Fine00:43:30
Can we for example initialize00:43:34
its something Let's try00:43:38
I wonder if it's enough00:43:41
similar type dev understands that we00:43:43
link to the real structure here00:43:46
Unfortunately, you cannot skip Fields if00:43:50
maybe it's possible00:43:51
I think not Read00:43:54
somewhere in the directory almost at00:43:56
Is it possible to initialize structures?00:43:58
initialize their view field is equal to00:44:01
meaning I think00:44:04
mention everything, you don't have to mention the tail00:44:07
start obliged00:44:11
it's nobody John00:44:17
leg glasses00:44:20
strength00:44:23
Here we are to this same comrade00:44:27
Then00:44:29
we'll even ask you to print something00:44:34
Second00:44:36
They00:44:39
percentage from and accordingly We will take00:44:49
so it seems like the letters are excellent00:44:55
generally great if you pay attention00:44:57
look at this block that we have00:44:59
there is00:45:01
then we created a variable we defined00:45:04
type they created a variable and all that stuff00:45:07
way to cut this whole one into one in00:45:10
One in one blow, namely write here00:45:13
So00:45:14
we won't bother with it just00:45:17
syntactic00:45:28
and then it seems you can stop writing with them00:45:31
check the structures here00:45:36
May Type00:45:40
structure consists for example00:45:45
an integer called00:45:51
For the life of me I don’t remember, I think it works00:45:53
yes that's how it works00:45:56
but you can usually complete the picture00:45:59
they don't usually write like that00:46:09
For the life of me I don’t remember if it’s necessary00:46:12
should the bastard have different names or00:46:15
Can someone else move on?00:46:18
Mike type structure00:46:22
Well, you can omit this title then00:46:26
it's like you have an opportunity00:46:27
it won't be possible to use a string00:46:29
sometimes you need such perverted things00:46:32
all this is a great professor of passing away00:46:34
but you can also write it this way00:46:38
So after this you have no structures yes00:46:41
But you have it, you apply it directly00:46:43
this way is very convenient00:46:46
note that Taib Dev is generally not only for00:46:48
structure is related. For example00:46:50
you always apply in your00:46:52
programming00:46:54
typical array size00:46:57
but you are also your liability, for example an array00:47:00
integers worse, it's an array00:47:03
long integers, worse, it's an array00:47:10
it just means00:47:18
this is Steve00:47:21
here you can go further00:47:25
and make it worse00:47:30
to array00:47:32
these very signs00:47:37
It seems to me that it can be done directly00:47:40
something like00:47:48
Sorry no ok00:48:02
32 pieces of such numbers form a certain00:48:05
so defined as massive00:48:07
interesting it will work but it doesn’t want to00:48:11
this is still overkill00:48:16
he's disgusted because00:48:19
because for him it's all the same00:48:22
it’s becoming unclear, I think it’s an array00:48:24
such numbers cannot be made00:48:26
but forefinger00:48:41
there's an asterisk00:48:47
Or then00:48:51
after that you can use this ulipt00:48:53
use00:48:59
array00:49:01
specific length as00:49:03
custom type requires some kind00:49:05
some kind of syntactic dances so that00:49:06
to00:49:09
it could be00:49:11
so that it can be determined00:49:14
enter the structures you are sure you can00:49:17
it's definitely easy and all sorts of things00:49:19
stupid writings can be cunning00:49:21
custom type in general they are widely00:49:24
present they do everything Where in00:49:26
some can be applied to each other00:49:29
that is, you can produce some00:49:32
events That is, for example, write that00:49:37
structure consisting00:49:41
and from00:49:44
from00:49:46
array of 34 elements00:49:50
in and00:49:53
for example, a real array of00:49:56
pointers to long integers00:50:06
know of course some parameter for him00:50:09
I'm still trying to make a record00:50:12
impossible00:50:14
the name of our object And this is00:50:23
an array of pointers of which00:50:27
Let it be 32 is a good number and 100000:50:32
similar signs00:50:34
notice that I'm using the same one here00:50:37
the type that was previously defined, yes that is00:50:39
I have determined00:50:41
I can even do it now00:50:43
refer to each other00:50:53
This one and this one are cyclical now00:50:57
to go start being proud of your00:50:59
it will be difficult to watch00:51:01
I'm missing something somewhere00:51:03
simplest00:51:05
thing00:51:08
then the absence of it results in the compiler00:51:11
in a state of complete stupor00:51:14
Certainly00:51:23
the structure will have its turn00:51:33
Yes, after that I'm all afraid again00:51:36
Here and here they will begin to multiply00:51:48
it worked I think it will work00:51:51
right, that is, you see what it is possible00:51:53
create a perfect siege that is00:51:56
Can00:51:57
can be safely determined00:52:03
can be safely determined00:52:06
so you can safely determine it first00:52:13
type consisting of00:52:16
Just00:52:18
standard parts later for him00:52:22
index fingers00:52:24
it is important00:52:27
Here is a pointer to it. This will also be00:52:30
new type name00:52:32
and the structure in which Jesus is found00:52:36
Christ, this very type is also00:52:38
array Yes, and it is also a structure00:52:41
will have its own00:52:44
both this and this name can be used00:52:47
in creating a one-piece copy that00:52:54
he is a copy00:53:02
that's how she is00:53:04
this instance has what it is00:53:08
an instance of a structure consisting of00:53:12
32 character array followed by00:53:16
the next one00:53:18
array 1 in 1000 elements consisting of00:53:22
pointer to00:53:24
consisting of pointers to without00:53:27
signed long integer00:53:30
and with one blow these structures00:53:32
we can produce returns from functions00:53:34
send functions take pointers too00:53:38
arrays that is, have fun later00:53:41
Bye00:53:45
all this will not suit the studied city00:53:49
completely fulfilled00:53:51
this is the great power of the defined00:53:54
users00:53:56
satellite there will be order especially00:53:59
structures classic classic00:54:02
Aspect this structure is very important00:54:09
Why do they write write usually write in00:54:11
in that spirit, in fear of something like that and00:54:14
then he still uses intimacy Well,00:54:18
structure is generally such a record00:54:21
all heterogeneous elements you want00:54:23
homogeneous just for homogeneous00:54:28
If you need named piece pieces00:54:30
then pay a whole table of such records00:54:33
Want to check it out00:54:36
you can structure Well, or if you have00:54:39
some real world object like this00:54:41
seriously a real world object which00:54:44
you want to describe Well, that is, you have00:54:46
For example a car00:54:47
number of doors color something else each00:54:53
from obi- each structure members can00:54:55
being a structure no one minds00:54:57
so you can have a car00:55:00
there will be four to a third further arrays of doors00:55:04
And in every two it will be an object too00:55:07
structure that may be present00:55:09
training on the window Does the window go up?00:55:12
binary variable00:55:14
some one beat somewhere and so on and00:55:17
so on so on heavy can she do it00:55:20
does it close itself upholstery color if00:55:22
there may be a speaker in the speaker too00:55:25
very good type or speaker00:55:27
What is the name of the manufacturer's company, how much is it00:55:29
How much power is this diameter worth?00:55:31
no matter how much rifle attaches any00:55:34
an object existing around us we can00:55:36
operate because we sit down in00:55:38
we're going to go, we need a car00:55:44
meanwhile in each specific piece00:55:47
further down the decomposition lived his own engineer00:55:51
who created it Therefore, if you00:55:53
saw a picture of a car explosion00:55:56
to pieces It is usually dismantled into pieces00:55:59
Not bad blocked but actually00:56:01
repair manual00:56:04
usually shown as doors here00:56:07
Then disassembling the door mechanism00:56:09
lifts it00:56:10
In a sense, the structure is a mechanism00:56:12
creating programming exactly that00:56:14
mapping to computer reality00:56:16
real world objects we rise00:56:19
to the next level of abstraction which00:56:21
which is very easy to understand00:56:24
arranged at the level00:56:26
at the level of memory access there and00:56:29
a small tongue inside is needed for this00:56:32
for it to work but at the same time00:56:33
good level take the real world and00:56:36
describe the structure in the kernel as00:56:38
Linux for example Well, a very good example00:56:39
a large piece of the predatory year in the form00:56:41
the structure is described absolutely everything that is00:56:43
there are Internet packets that run there00:56:45
same protocols with protocols protocols here00:56:48
and packages for everyone in the fields Here they were coming00:56:51
depict some functional essence00:56:53
Why are you like they are needed but inside the kernel00:56:57
presented in the shape of a heart They feel comfortable00:56:58
contact that is what I was talking about00:57:01
structure could contain structure00:57:03
so therefore if you know that you00:57:06
you do and these guys didn’t lie all00:57:09
learned that you might be some00:57:16
or fear thinks that they may be00:57:20
I don't know what00:57:22
doors Indeed this is the fourth door00:57:26
number three he in turn can00:57:29
be for example00:57:33
it may have a sound structure00:57:36
For example00:57:42
means speakers Second second speaker00:57:46
second speaker00:57:51
the wild one is calling a lot, I'm sorry, this dad is00:57:54
he's not holding him00:57:57
time sealed00:58:00
of course the diameter in inches is00:58:11
this is more than a normal recording00:58:14
human recording00:58:18
in all subsequent00:58:21
this is all your whole life will be00:58:24
will consist of writing00:58:26
Especially if00:58:32
they stretch wider00:58:38
good mistake there through the dot before00:58:41
horizon because it's some00:58:44
century Upper level of hierarchy00:58:52
as if this is what predatory structures they are00:58:57
are called an object00:59:00
Here's the call syntax and meaning00:59:03
what's happening00:59:06
Looking ahead, I will say that the difference between00:59:09
objects and structures is00:59:11
the fact that there are objects attached precisely00:59:13
rope function00:59:15
very rude if explained in structures00:59:18
no structure just data00:59:20
therefore, 11 techniques for objects you00:59:24
you can write00:59:27
into the structure function and call that is00:59:31
projection between objects00:59:33
languages are actually kind of redundant00:59:38
overly promoted by object lovers00:59:41
languages You can do a lot00:59:43
that is, actually a good object on00:59:46
language But how some grew up, don’t look but00:59:48
they took some with them00:59:51
inherited a lot of pieces of it00:59:53
syntax, that is, about pointers to00:59:56
we say functions and then it’s completely an object00:59:59
it will be possible to collect01:00:01
But in general this is not interesting, that is, people01:00:05
function pointers are rarely used01:00:07
predatory code if they don’t try to pretend01:00:10
object to program I think that01:00:12
this is an intensive course for those interested When01:00:16
it will be very interesting to talk then01:00:19
it will become clear01:00:21
but it’s important that things like this01:00:24
consistent01:00:26
challenge is absolutely the norm of life01:00:31
very complex structured model01:00:33
This might look like this, for example: This might look like this01:00:36
describe, for example, a web page01:00:41
Well, here's some third element 401:00:43
Block 5 5 paragraphs from top01:00:47
and so on01:00:49
The only thing is that you understand everyone01:00:52
different day But this is the structure01:00:54
tough because they got busy somewhere01:00:57
writing these type maidens as they go01:01:00
you can’t change That is, you have everything you01:01:03
you will use everything will go down01:01:04
rental hair growth in advance01:01:06
predefined structures that are01:01:08
variable only arrays Thank you different01:01:13
signs Slightly in the wrong direction overall01:01:17
such a recording should be in advance on this01:01:19
compilation You know it's big01:01:22
difference between01:01:25
For example01:01:27
All this can be sculpted on the go. That’s why it’s like this01:01:30
good for parsing changing objects01:01:33
Sorry to carry out in advance01:01:37
there must be a hierarchy so that it can be understood01:01:40
compiler You should explain at the level01:01:42
defining your types01:01:43
types of types of types of types and finally01:01:46
to determine this one, come here01:01:48
something like this01:01:51
use as such a hard template But01:01:54
I think this is Practitioner practice01:01:55
exploit you to explain what I want01:01:58
tell you now why why01:02:00
it's sometimes unpleasant01:02:02
but for now you don’t have tasks of this kind01:02:05
which requires dynamic creation01:02:07
objects of this word should not01:02:10
there So so virtual that what am I01:02:17
this is virtual, I want it01:02:19
comment so it doesn't show off01:02:24
He's really scary01:02:26
and for Yes and even I said that I want01:02:30
highlight01:02:32
delete01:02:33
move somewhere on Odnoklassniki01:02:35
museum01:02:40
if you care about anything I do01:02:43
repeat I click on01:02:47
shiftway and start selecting whole ones01:02:50
lines shiftweb01:02:52
Visual Then I click on the small one without01:02:56
small shift01:02:57
Delete like this needs to be inserted, I click on01:03:01
Shift [music]01:03:03
Why does 6 insert this before the cursor?01:03:07
the way you want to do is very rare for you01:03:10
just need to insert after the cursor01:03:14
that's it01:03:16
began to highlight in lines, usually in lines01:03:18
I just want to01:03:23
Click on the letter01:03:28
you usually need to move blocks in rows01:03:33
That's why01:03:36
lines chopped for convenience01:03:39
you post it like this therefore01:03:43
it’s worse than not even Mayakovsky’s01:03:45
Mayakovsky wrote Mayakovsky hit it01:03:48
a line into parts Yes, these are poems into01:03:50
program01:03:52
use whole lines that's why01:03:55
so take shiftv01:03:58
allocated01:03:59
deleted moved Where needed 601:04:08
so this is what we have achieved so far we have achieved01:04:11
that we have structures that can01:04:13
form01:04:14
in a rather free manner01:04:16
initializing is quite fun01:04:19
You can do this in two steps or01:04:22
one even reception in a row to make it through01:04:24
keyword define your01:04:26
own Type which is01:04:28
structure01:04:31
Why not do it01:04:33
traditions he maintains along with himself01:04:37
by itself Perhaps there is some kind of spicy01:04:39
needed Why01:04:41
made one like this01:04:44
after this type this is the word01:04:50
You can also use the factory one01:04:53
number01:04:56
I confidently use it in all variants01:05:14
This is the function01:05:16
nothing bothers her01:05:21
this function returns the structure goodie01:05:25
Why not01:05:26
game is possible01:05:31
and parameters can be obtained by index01:05:34
can convey thousands of options there then01:05:36
everything is completely human this01:05:38
structure01:05:40
and Now we will look at01:05:43
I'm not now Let's see now we're heavy01:05:46
we explained the cases incomprehensibly now01:05:48
us a piece of questions and answers01:05:52
send me questions and answers from colleagues01:05:55
I'm sure there are some01:05:57
because this is such a very important piece01:05:59
galloped01:06:02
Questions and answers01:06:16
any questions I don't understand anything01:06:19
in some place before Why is this good01:06:22
maybe something else can be said or01:06:25
how to write this in pragmatic terms01:06:26
if it's clear what you want01:06:33
If I were a school teacher, everyone01:06:35
everything is clear, we write our own work01:06:38
therefore for production therefore now01:06:43
conditions Let's ask01:06:52
I'm sure that Sasha, for example, yes in his01:06:55
life saw the structure of anything01:06:57
he misunderstands what he’s sitting here doing01:07:00
he would have asked for example01:07:06
and asked in the chat and you are at one o'clock Thank you01:07:10
I just don't have a secretary01:07:13
so ask out loud in short this01:07:15
easier01:07:17
it makes sense to write if it were completely01:07:20
ruckus him01:07:22
opened the chat easier Yes of course01:07:25
This is the whole point: we got an entry in the database01:07:29
data we want to get a table in the database01:07:30
data then we do it like this that is01:07:34
it's quite possible for us01:07:39
th object of the event goal01:07:45
you were not the key word01:07:47
use01:07:49
tapetable 1000 elements long here we are01:07:51
got their thousands of people this area in01:07:54
memory in which it turns out in which01:07:57
lives the business database here John01:08:01
Silver to work on No01:08:02
without age he means so01:08:06
half average but not wooden leg01:08:09
incomprehensible01:08:12
We haven’t hired them yet because we had to01:08:15
you could initialize with this01:08:17
initialize01:08:18
no one does 1,000 elements like this01:08:21
no idea Yes, but you can say something01:08:22
array So, there is a structure inside it01:08:25
It's clear01:08:27
And then another01:08:29
that is, in general, this is how it’s possible there01:08:32
there the duration is infinite, that is01:08:34
theoretically this can be made into something else01:08:37
the thing is that it’s only for a test in real life01:08:39
life you of course introduce this01:08:40
silver and without a file or from the keyboard01:08:42
created this memory array procedure01:08:44
sorting A memory01:08:47
she stood out herself right now when you01:08:49
so they did, she stood out01:08:52
whenever you write to an array01:08:55
size on screen When you write this01:09:00
then you have memory allocated for everything you need01:09:04
number of elements, that is, you can01:09:06
sleeping peacefully is another matter that she01:09:07
stood out on the stack she turned to01:09:09
function junction01:09:11
At the moment01:09:14
[music]01:09:15
we actually violated what we tried01:09:18
determined something and then started doing it01:09:20
assignment went now again01:09:22
definition01:09:23
Hz allows classic terminovo01:09:26
ancient Orthodox speeches, here he is not01:09:28
allows01:09:31
initialization assignment do something01:09:34
it turns out to read something to do01:09:36
change01:09:42
all modern ones allow you to do this01:09:44
like this in the middle of the road inside the loop01:09:47
Ford delivered01:09:51
if you do something like this01:09:54
I see, well, as always, just using an example01:09:57
these records may be leaked01:10:02
so you do it and say it like this01:10:09
Yes, then you won’t have enough memory01:10:12
one lonely pointers hanging out01:10:15
wonderful but it's just a place to serve01:10:17
no structures will be highlighted01:10:20
I see, that is, you can start01:10:23
use this pointer After this01:10:25
you have the impudence and chief01:10:27
compiler calmly go01:10:28
do something like you were01:10:33
0201:10:35
by the way, another interesting one01:10:37
I'll show you 33 elements he has01:10:43
gender equals 4 So everything will break01:10:49
because your locals are the best01:10:52
creepy rake01:10:54
therefore, having made no selection anywhere01:10:57
it didn't project anything to this01:11:00
of course you01:11:04
talk how to do it01:11:12
no way if you do this01:11:15
can the workpiece be completed? Well done01:11:17
But to write such things I hope that01:11:20
fate will allocate memory will not allocate01:11:25
in Valentina lost on type maiden01:11:28
then again you have the opportunity01:11:30
describe the type01:11:32
What ways can this be done?01:11:35
just take the standard type for example01:11:39
double, here we have defined variables of the type01:11:42
Double01:11:43
Great01:11:46
What can you do next with all this?01:11:50
you can go two ways How can you01:11:53
you can expand the plot01:11:57
your dev01:12:01
double than you write a type description01:12:05
not a variable description type description01:12:09
the word itself01:12:11
That's what we like to call DDT01:12:16
knock me on the head01:12:19
and after that I can use it in life01:12:24
in the same in the same context just like01:12:28
the replacement is syntactic01:12:30
syntactic as a replacement for direct01:12:32
alphabetic used01:12:37
Well, not in terms of course, this is not a replacement for01:12:40
throughout the text01:12:41
V01:12:42
in the same place where I used it but I can do it01:12:47
to do differently I can say that01:12:50
there is a structure consisting of for example01:12:58
one type in the world01:13:01
which consists of doubles and these01:13:04
doubles You saw there for fun01:13:06
inside01:13:11
stand01:13:13
this is a wonderful structure, nothing01:13:16
even the name No, not interesting somehow, but I01:13:19
I'll say this01:13:24
Lion of structure this is it01:13:28
my double fear is some kind of maidas too01:13:33
my type also appears Yes, I can too01:13:35
use i.e. dev i.e. general01:13:38
type general version of the description where it is01:13:43
further01:13:49
IP01:13:59
like this This line This is not this some01:14:01
this is a certain pattern that starts later01:14:05
I am writing I am defining the type and the description01:14:08
structures are a variant of type definition01:14:10
this whole barn with structure01:14:13
this is an undertaking but I can do it01:14:17
so I can write what I can01:14:19
I can do more cunningly01:14:21
say what to write first01:14:23
structural type predatory plot twist01:14:25
like this, that is, exactly like this01:14:28
the structure of the USSR is something like this or01:14:32
something somewhere there it has something01:14:34
contents something written inside01:14:38
A01:14:40
satisfied with this01:14:44
all That's all this is a statement01:14:48
Yes this is the definition of But I can I can01:14:52
make an object like above01:14:54
simpler I already called it the USSR01:14:58
instructions are here01:15:00
brain slips01:15:03
so I can continue to write like this01:15:05
IP Def01:15:11
USSR fruit is the name of the type01:15:19
that is, looking at this very piece01:15:23
This is this part, this is this part, this is what it is01:15:27
so what is this and this is my name like01:15:31
new and further Here we are01:15:36
this is this01:15:39
combination of structure definition and01:15:43
definition01:15:50
You can smack in one sitting then01:15:53
then no structure of something like this01:15:56
will not indicate the structure01:16:00
This is such a method for01:16:03
generation regeneration custom01:16:06
types01:16:07
why do users need them?01:16:11
convenience so that it is possible at all01:16:13
use because instructions01:16:15
writing is disgusting I want to use01:16:18
such a rubber shampoo link like this01:16:20
ideological01:16:23
use this string structure everywhere01:16:25
instead of carrying it around with you so why the hell01:16:28
After that, this word actually took my place01:16:30
Well, how would the call function be used?01:16:33
anywhere01:16:35
Usually all these definitions live in01:16:37
header files these are the same ones01:16:39
these files are there in abundance01:16:42
available have I then when in the text01:16:46
they usually use normal ones01:16:50
ready to create a library myself, but01:16:53
some structures are used Where are they01:16:56
they are sitting in these files they came01:17:00
types01:17:04
more or less that's how it got at least I hope01:17:07
Wonderful01:17:10
so here it is01:17:13
What01:17:15
a memory location is created in which there is01:17:19
space for a thousand elements like this01:17:22
type01:17:24
What kind of guy is this? This is this. What is this?01:17:29
in turn this is this Therefore somewhere01:17:31
1000 is allocated in memory01:17:33
consecutive blocks after01:17:37
thousands of last blocks that have 3201:17:40
bitika h30 each gender 100 characters01:17:45
one name may be empty there but01:17:47
another was highlighted And it started again 3201:17:52
bitek that is01:17:54
four barrels gender 100 Baltic one01:17:56
place again01:18:02
this is probably worth drawing01:18:05
What does an array of structures look like?01:18:09
soar drawing Of course I'll try01:18:12
it's somehow01:18:13
more or less draw here I have01:18:15
structure which consists of some01:18:16
such a block such a block of some kind01:18:19
such a barrel in memory such a certain01:18:22
the structure object in memory is also waiting01:18:23
in a row this is not usually guaranteed01:18:25
in a row this is one structure01:18:30
this is memory for one structure01:18:33
copy01:18:39
instance of01:18:47
this is the structure array when they01:18:50
lie in a row01:18:55
and here's to the last one01:18:59
V01:19:01
which in our case01:19:06
This01:19:09
table01:19:12
99 they are from zero to this is it Yes and in01:19:17
each of them is absolutely as it should be01:19:19
the same internal one is located01:19:20
structure one field second field01:19:23
more authentic01:19:25
that is, this is the pattern01:19:33
repeats repeats again01:19:43
there are 1000 of them here. This is an array of structures01:19:47
So, understand, it’s lying in a glass01:19:50
memory he's upside down it's me I see We01:19:53
We always write from top to bottom Yes, when memory01:19:55
it is drawn because it is always up01:19:56
goes upside down said problem01:20:00
conventions01:20:01
in the structure it is highlighted at the junction because01:20:04
that everything we define at the beginning01:20:06
functions like this are standard01:20:08
so everything is automatic01:20:11
actually called automatic01:20:12
change is why we said so here01:20:15
decent because we have a thousand for 20001:20:19
damn byte 200 plus 8 208 20801:20:23
kilobyte01:20:26
a quarter of a megabyte actually01:20:29
we ate our tables, we have heroes01:20:33
there was such a hero Vanya01:20:36
Gromov who wrote the program which01:20:38
broke down01:20:40
somehow very funny She broke down before01:20:43
stage from stage to stage of inputs when entering01:20:46
function before execution starts there directly01:20:47
In fact01:20:48
I found out that Vanya created this in two01:20:51
reception through Virgo type Vanya created01:20:53
experimental variable which01:20:55
was 4 GB in size01:20:58
ate the whole stack01:21:00
about 8 GB01:21:05
And when the function started to be called it01:21:07
I wanted to put my stack like that01:21:09
the frame in which I spoke last time and01:21:11
But there wasn’t enough space and a segment01:21:13
says there was a shot there really was01:21:16
a day of the most interesting research in years01:21:18
five six years such a program program01:21:21
still experimental01:21:24
beautiful became How can you break something01:21:26
So a powerful group of engineers will01:21:29
will watch the cars01:21:33
the mistake is the simplest01:21:35
This is a typical example of a structure that can01:21:38
be voluminous I can say thank you01:21:39
a large number of elements and it01:21:41
will have a healthy memory object01:21:43
this one climbs 1,000 of these elements01:21:45
But if Vanya Gromov you don’t have any01:21:47
limits zeros peed there 10 times01:21:51
more there 10 times more Total 10001:21:54
so these are almost structures and01:21:56
its memory is allocated on your stack01:21:58
she can watch programs01:22:00
there are some challenges on this topic directly01:22:03
on the go and see like this01:22:10
ok I think01:22:14
Okay because probably we have01:22:18
this with you have problems with gender if you don't01:22:21
you know we have big problems now01:22:24
Let's improve this program by ordering one01:22:28
item We're missing right now01:22:30
and this is exactly the name01:22:34
ease of use01:22:36
language when the numbers 1 2 3 4 5 10 means01:22:40
something concrete01:22:42
Well, we know that the middle gender there is female01:22:44
male in there wooden but01:22:50
we should keep it, it's not ours01:22:52
head01:22:53
extremely inconvenient extremely inconvenient code01:22:56
incomprehensible SE presents on the topic01:22:59
mechanism01:23:02
this is such a mechanism01:23:04
this is another type of definition01:23:06
custom type is an enum01:23:13
so that naturally he remembers how he01:23:17
gender is determined01:23:26
where is what is written01:23:29
fire me now we really01:23:32
In fact, now I can put it in Richie’s terms01:23:34
and this is Kernighan Richie for me right away01:23:38
sample I Numa01:23:41
woe, I always use you very much01:23:43
big alien cat at work that's why there01:23:45
everything has already been written before me01:23:47
it's just a matter of copying01:23:54
like no, that's a big problem01:24:00
That is, all of us to him is one now we01:24:04
let's understand how it is01:24:05
really problematic01:24:09
but no Yes there is like it’s still not01:24:12
rights01:24:13
it can be done without type simply01:24:16
use01:24:17
let it be01:24:21
it will be01:24:24
For example 1000 This type for example01:24:33
differed from the fields themselves and so here01:24:36
we tell him01:24:37
I do not like01:24:46
here we write to him like this01:24:52
For example01:25:04
The problem here is that01:25:09
we tell him01:25:11
the types behave badly there through01:25:14
you can't call the point especially01:25:16
When will I be harsh now?01:25:19
your disgusting mistakes01:25:20
practice Call everything else01:25:21
in different ways all all options Ian could even01:25:25
20 differently and under by agreement they01:25:27
will be written in big letters this is an agreement01:25:31
that's why I write underscore here01:25:34
gender because just the word Newton01:25:37
maybe they will get to someone else later01:25:38
indistinguishable to the compiler Therefore it is better01:25:41
do it humanely01:25:48
I'm going now01:25:51
Good question, I remember this stupidly, but01:25:54
even from textbooks about what01:25:57
so So this is generally better01:26:03
I can specify without a type01:26:08
[music]01:26:18
the names in the various enums must01:26:20
to be different from each other writes to us01:26:22
terms of speech and so it is so it is01:26:27
it's just that's the name of its type01:26:31
yes If I need I need to specify Which one01:26:34
like something yes, but it doesn’t give any effect01:26:38
compiler ability to guess From01:26:40
which one I think you took From what type01:26:42
used Therefore it is better to attribute01:26:44
so here it is01:26:47
but there is accordingly maybe maybe01:26:49
write For example01:26:54
had01:27:00
a bit long ok01:27:09
during the development process I can most importantly01:27:11
it's nice to increase these01:27:13
used three meanings01:27:15
rewrite program 4 as follows01:27:17
do Therefore usually01:27:20
genders For example, Silver is strange01:27:27
male wood floor01:27:31
Great, so I created Magic Food01:27:38
inside and in the listings actually01:27:41
in fact an integer lives01:27:42
I can lie maybe they are for01:27:46
optimization sometimes turns shorter01:27:48
there's a small integer01:27:49
not suitable for storage01:27:52
there could be billions of values01:27:56
such a limited quantity that01:27:58
transfers doing this01:28:00
and for example I can say after this01:28:03
Like this01:28:10
Now it makes sense01:28:14
that's what's interesting about printing, that's all01:28:17
equally good as a whole01:28:19
where do I have it left but we did this one01:28:22
we give him a [ __ ]01:28:25
press01:28:35
gender is one hell of a whole behavior01:28:38
like a whole there to accidentally assign to him01:28:40
the number there is 5 it will work but since we01:28:43
why did you do that anyway01:28:44
let's do plus assigned for example01:28:48
that Silver is naturally available01:28:51
male wood floor01:28:53
and we will print it out01:29:00
Like this01:29:02
And how And here and but by no means C language01:29:07
and this is the text we used01:29:10
it won’t show in printouts01:29:12
there is a possibility to scratch01:29:14
syntax01:29:16
genomes syntax and print it01:29:18
in capital letters I don't know about it01:29:19
now therefore the print module is otherwise01:29:22
just take it yourself01:29:24
so we can print it normally01:29:27
only01:29:28
[music]01:29:30
I hope I am doing now only with the help01:29:33
print naturally as an integer01:29:37
It's here Oh my god01:29:43
So So this is it like this01:29:48
and we'll see01:29:58
in short, I feel that somewhere we are01:30:00
Even01:30:01
[music]01:30:03
now there's something here for us something here for us01:30:07
someone cheats us when they want something01:30:10
unclear01:30:13
so he says I want it like Yes okay01:30:20
they have something like this01:30:23
So maybe01:30:27
naturally01:30:29
so so so so so so01:30:33
somewhere one of us is lying, that is, in01:30:37
in any case, it definitely works with integers01:30:38
Let's try the simplest one first01:30:39
way but a disgrace I'm good01:30:43
Yes, it’s natural that this type doesn’t know01:30:47
it's clearly possible there01:30:55
Under Type01:30:59
maybe it's like a function01:31:01
[music]01:31:04
well that's how it works01:31:08
works It's like a structure most likely01:31:10
it works yes that is01:31:12
it can be done what and where you are01:31:14
happy01:31:20
I'm starting to think gloomy enjoyed01:31:24
You see there is only one gender01:31:27
gender 3 yes Silver 3 he is Why three01:31:30
then it’s interesting we can read no01:31:32
let's see, here's why01:31:34
because in fact we have Januma01:31:37
invisible For us they are numbered from zero here01:31:39
this is a neutral agent 0 this is one this is two and01:31:42
three but we can do anything and01:31:45
do it like this for example01:31:54
then immediately the thirteenth01:31:57
that is, we added ten And that’s it01:32:01
started spinning01:32:03
we can do something wrong01:32:11
Well because it makes sense01:32:15
equals01:32:16
30 But Woodingender, for example, it will be01:32:20
equal to male, that is, 30 but also01:32:24
wooden 31 this is just convenient01:32:27
this is convenient for reading in decimal form01:32:29
When we recompile it all and01:32:31
let's start we will have 31 that is a man01:32:33
with a wooden look men metal01:32:36
for example, to understand what you wanted01:32:38
do01:32:39
Let's drive the extra floor01:32:43
in this case you always forget the truth01:32:46
comma don't forget this01:32:49
why double strike What kind of stupidity is this01:32:52
it was kind of modern01:32:59
very stern like Superman01:33:04
Naturally, he broke out, he says01:33:07
my fathers decided to appropriate this01:33:09
incredible something that is not in the genome01:33:12
That's right, because because I am him01:33:14
always copying01:33:16
transferred it will now work01:33:23
better that is, the tongue controls us01:33:27
does not allow me to write down a full hat01:33:29
31 which is not easy It’s clear why 35 it’s possible01:33:33
You can raise Silver and let's jump01:33:35
steel01:33:36
So what's this01:33:39
naturally this one01:33:41
it's just convenient but with the same success01:33:45
you can make a type dev no one does it for us01:33:48
continues to interfere01:33:50
always convenient01:34:04
Type01:34:06
a pointless procedure but it can be done in one01:34:09
squat do it straight yes I like it01:34:11
So this is such a Genu Yes, enter01:34:15
by GT and it will only work bridge01:34:18
you can do words01:34:27
the word is of course not a type yet01:34:31
think wrote Why Because this01:34:35
gives nothing01:34:37
to write every time01:34:40
[music]01:34:44
executable Everything works we return to01:34:47
water that will recycle us and01:34:49
look at what we actually did We created and01:34:52
enumeration gender enumeration01:34:54
determined the type of gender listings01:34:58
gender enumeration01:35:00
will be called gender type Yes this one01:35:04
gender type was used in the structure01:35:05
And now it’s quite convenient01:35:07
use the entrance01:35:09
and you can even directly write things like01:35:12
For example01:35:16
someone we have here got a female one01:35:19
floor01:35:22
here you can talk about this same Smith01:35:26
write additionally01:35:29
And01:35:33
use ternary operator01:35:38
just to remember how01:35:40
pieces of tongue dark from the dark corners of it01:35:51
line01:35:56
here will be a line feed and here y01:36:00
we will be a tornado operator I since01:36:02
it would be falsely beautiful this thing really01:36:04
in fact, everything is so simple there as usual01:36:05
they don’t come out in lines, yes, but sometimes it’s possible01:36:07
show off01:36:09
string literal I think it will work01:36:11
now Let's see This is exactly for01:36:14
in order to static program01:36:15
written it comes out conveniently01:36:20
better than brackets01:36:23
they are with us01:36:25
S301:36:29
S301:36:41
if it is equal01:36:50
It is already clear that it is better to start such things01:36:52
with genter jenner somehow it's better to Well01:36:56
ok if it's really equal then01:37:06
and if not equal01:37:18
either feminine or stupid01:37:26
this is how we will have women's day01:37:29
feminism01:37:30
in total they actually did the whole Print Well01:37:34
let's see if it works01:37:35
again, not everything happens so beautifully01:37:39
strings can't be handled so terribly01:37:40
everything here is understandable if you think about it01:37:43
why is there more in other places?01:37:45
work stupid01:37:49
Why did we want to do all women01:37:53
and that's why because while we're here01:37:55
our chambers were introduced and ceased to be once01:37:58
two three four her female must01:38:00
be 2001:38:03
not at all this same one at all01:38:06
no not one but not even 2001:38:11
when he turns 2001:38:14
Yes, everything will be then she will take what she deserves01:38:17
place01:38:18
Now01:38:21
see01:38:23
Well, it’s clear that from the terminal01:38:24
operators there branching you will suffer01:38:26
do but you can make such a mechanism01:38:27
printing which generates a line by01:38:29
to the young man Here is a normal person who01:38:32
this problem really suffers and makes01:38:35
makes a function that prints this01:38:37
goes somewhere where it should be and for01:38:40
this goal I think it defines higher01:38:43
to use this function01:38:46
takes means this is the whole farm01:38:50
somewhere up01:38:54
here he deletes01:38:57
now Control Oh what?01:39:01
Control Shift I01:39:04
bring up the Holy Altai01:39:08
no, because01:39:18
Counter01:39:20
beige block This can be done A01:39:24
so here it is01:39:25
translation01:39:29
Great power That is, what others01:39:31
editors are given What everything is Just01:39:35
banned such Well, everything is great and now01:39:37
on these loaves of bread because what01:39:40
definitely visible from outside the function01:39:41
inside, now we define the function01:39:44
which will be called for example01:39:47
accepted this is not very true it will be01:39:50
be called for example01:39:55
it will be called01:40:00
gender bai and well01:40:03
I just love it, she will return it01:40:06
that's nothing else but a pointer01:40:11
on01:40:13
on01:40:17
the input to this function will be the parameter01:40:20
be01:40:22
gender variable of gender type01:40:29
don't mind or01:40:32
not everything happened, it's scary. It's not01:40:36
let's figure out all these abbreviations01:40:37
sooner or later they get shot so they01:40:40
It’s also better not to get carried away, but let him01:40:42
let's write something like this: For example, here01:40:44
there will be an array that we will make01:40:47
and into this array pull out the excellent ones01:40:50
there will be an array called01:40:54
Don't know01:40:57
center thong01:40:59
line which will01:41:07
Oh now I’ll go into some area01:41:10
which is forgiveness01:41:11
it will be01:41:14
3 element character array01:41:17
this will be a two-dimensional array that would01:41:20
now initialized at all Like this01:41:23
it's just now we all shudder it01:41:27
well it will be called01:41:31
neutro01:41:34
No, I don't even like that01:41:38
I do terrible things but don't say mine01:41:42
to my mother that I rode the train without hands01:41:46
April's array is here01:41:50
I think that we will be trampled with this approach01:41:53
Because because the array is two-dimensional01:41:56
the array should still be01:42:01
with a square like that, that is, three01:42:04
elements have 100 letters each, so for example01:42:06
let's do it there like this 10 20 if01:42:10
I remember correctly you can initialize01:42:11
So01:42:14
Please note that I’m generally improvising a hike that01:42:17
I wish you something the language allows something01:42:18
No01:42:20
V01:42:23
blue allows arrays of this stuff in01:42:26
position in which01:42:28
determined by calculation therefore array01:42:30
variable-length strings possible01:42:35
to use an array like this01:42:38
not possible Others are possible01:42:39
objects storage objects spend but you01:42:43
just like that we want to make it difficult01:42:46
do the simplest thing01:42:51
Mail Well, I'm too lazy but01:42:58
so I have it and mail Steel01:43:03
such an array and so we also see01:43:06
inside here one day he is definitely01:43:08
static he sits he is not even highlighted01:43:11
for steaks By the way, what we saw outside01:43:13
limits all functions are allocated to a certain01:43:15
special area of the program which01:43:17
loaded at01:43:20
That is01:43:22
I don't even have a joint it's just special01:43:24
a piece of memory as if carved out in memory01:43:26
the processor lies there on the topic started01:43:28
get into areas01:43:29
because I wanted to show it as a function01:43:32
this type can be done without special01:43:34
labor and here we will apply our01:43:38
Switch operator now is not in vain Yes why01:43:42
we can use it because Switch01:43:44
used HIV cannot be used01:43:45
complex string comparisons are not clear01:43:48
less setting to compare integers01:43:50
compare has integers one01:43:53
Cathedral team compare01:43:56
deep down for everything there are integers01:43:58
only on top of syntactic sugar for01:44:01
us to make it convenient to work with them very comfortable very good01:44:04
Switch allows you to anyway01:44:06
That's why01:44:09
based on gender to perform Switch01:44:12
which is a lot of very parentheses unfortunately01:44:15
at the end of each candle just01:44:22
something needs to be done01:44:24
Well, for example01:44:29
do a lot of returns from functions this01:44:32
it's a shame, so let's start it now01:44:34
variable01:44:35
which will be called01:44:37
Char star01:44:41
reking string return string final we01:44:46
we will make one refund This is good style01:44:48
Always try to return01:44:50
return from a function in one place01:44:56
Why01:44:58
Because then you have analysis01:45:02
it will be convenient just And if it’s a backup01:45:04
you will poke in different places then you have01:45:06
execution will be interrupted along the way01:45:07
the play will come my friend who has reached01:45:09
will take in the middle of the loop from the functions01:45:10
it will work out no no I still want it01:45:13
came to an end, they worked and returned to01:45:16
one place except for the monstrous ones01:45:19
errors from which you can eat this style01:45:21
if there is an error, print a message and01:45:22
falling out is also not very good usually01:45:25
make better Go To Go to console01:45:28
[music]01:45:30
and here we are in we need to return01:45:34
It is absolutely impossible to return genders01:45:36
who knew nothing at all here01:45:38
we'll start01:45:40
let's create this gender01:45:47
impossible01:45:50
some element of course 3 funny 3 4 501:45:54
601:45:58
2701:46:00
RS equals01:46:07
indicate this is the 6th element from died on the array01:46:12
its elements are pointers. But if01:46:15
wrote This is the fifth letter01:46:18
sixth element01:46:20
5 number 5 that would be01:46:23
4 it was a capital R01:46:27
exactly01:46:29
more difficult before our eyes01:46:32
case And then I just take the list01:46:39
Here01:46:42
minor editing01:46:48
It’s the same here, for example, and here01:46:53
listen to this sly one all this all this01:46:55
block and always like this01:46:58
crooked and there are 4 spaces like that01:47:11
great masters would do it more01:47:13
economically01:47:16
now I need the end of it all01:47:19
junk so remove the colon01:47:21
put01:47:22
you see, put a colon because01:47:25
correspondence between these numbers01:47:27
Yes and01:47:29
elements of this array curve Yes, too01:47:33
somehow you can see what’s here and somehow01:47:34
shows himself01:47:37
quite crooked Yes it is in places Yes because01:47:40
what are you after all, these are not pythons, not Peru01:47:43
which which associative arrays01:47:46
all sorts of things that are generally sold on01:47:48
at the system level, all sorts of databases with a key01:47:52
and I also want to first default at the end01:47:56
What if he writes down Let's01:47:59
anyway, let's leave this one Yes, it's a sword01:48:03
good style Let the last one01:48:04
there is nothing better than a sketch01:48:06
go out clearly01:48:09
this is the opportunity01:48:11
this is what a normal person does too01:48:14
This is how he does it somehow Like this01:48:17
first makes a line like this01:48:20
reproduces Why is this done to do this01:48:23
was actually a mistake01:48:25
so that if you didn't insert the letter y there01:48:28
you were mistaken otherwise there is a chance01:48:30
copy number 6 make 3 lines01:48:32
go out smoke come back because it means 601:48:36
this will be the zero element you are the first01:48:39
element this will be the second element and here01:48:41
It’s already clear that sometimes you want01:48:43
he had an index01:48:46
clever arrangement of these things can01:48:49
just return this row by index we01:48:52
already renamed we needed01:48:53
convert01:48:55
here's the share first second third01:48:57
the fourth one looks like we need to find out now01:49:00
Is it on my part or not?01:49:03
in the correct order I wrote it all down01:49:05
walked functions Will she get ready or has she already01:49:08
considered the most important from the very beginning01:49:11
fiction my programming class01:49:13
growing before our eyes01:49:16
and let's then01:49:19
let's repeat let's repeat the story about Anya about01:49:22
which we knew only differently01:49:30
no, not even like that, we’ll repeat this now01:49:32
cooler will show us the flexibility of what we have01:49:34
we have now we will have gender01:49:37
output as01:49:40
line here and here we'll just call this01:49:44
function our function is gender bai01:49:51
What did you call it?01:49:55
gender scared01:49:58
That's wrong, that was Kinder01:50:00
string probably should have been called differently01:50:04
this is called refactoring sense01:50:08
functions need to be named humanly01:50:09
There are different standards on this topic such01:50:11
semi-domestic there are official ones even somewhere01:50:14
it’s better to work out one for yourself01:50:16
it's awkward to follow01:50:18
there are a lot of parameters but that's why01:50:23
it is absolutely acceptable to write01:50:25
visually01:50:27
when there are many parameters and use your hand01:50:30
make an extra indent ovulation there01:50:34
four spaces Keep up the good work01:50:36
If you want them to go in a row01:50:39
What's wrong with that? Is there anything else you can do there?01:50:44
ledge inside for them Well, let it be01:50:46
So01:50:50
not that bad01:50:53
one of the reasons why spaces do01:50:55
more beautiful to01:50:57
Well, okay, yes, it seems like it should01:51:00
work what what it will return gpe to01:51:02
pointer to string string we01:51:04
no one changes their static memory Yes01:51:09
why not01:51:12
praying O God what will happen01:51:14
let's say01:51:17
and not we are not masters and megamasters, he is everything01:51:22
it turned out yes, that is, by combining all our01:51:24
elements of knowledge we received enomchik01:51:27
got the print generator function it01:51:30
can be very difficult01:51:32
you can be localized by this array01:51:34
change by language01:51:37
we put it all in we put it all in01:51:40
we inserted these structures into the structure01:51:43
gave birth to01:51:44
by the way, you can01:51:48
Yes, yes, we did the initialization beautifully01:51:51
But by the way, no one bothers us01:51:52
initialize the unhappy girl01:51:54
the number is not hers. So 20 is possible01:51:57
instead of 20 instead of 20 insert a number here01:52:00
and it will work, that is, everything we have01:52:02
yes we got quite working01:52:04
Let's repeat this only once, write the file and01:52:07
making a smaller database than we do01:52:09
we are moving towards making a telephone01:52:10
a guide to the simplest tasks01:52:11
which you can set for yourself01:52:13
Write yourself a phone number that somehow01:52:17
looking for something there01:52:18
prints something somewhere, yeah01:52:21
a simple file like this fits files01:52:22
picked up the pieces we have already started to collect01:52:26
we are on our way to the telephone01:52:27
reference book but you see how in general01:52:29
I want a telephone directory01:52:31
use the richness of the language01:52:32
from custom printing we already have some01:52:35
yes And he has a special structure and array01:52:39
the structure has already run through while they01:52:41
enjoyed01:52:43
definitely stored yes, but that’s the same thing01:52:46
So we are well done, well done, well done01:52:50
a lot of success in that, it’s already 11 o’clock01:52:53
Therefore, dear colleagues, let's01:52:54
ask me anything this time01:52:56
the material was01:52:58
more structured went easily01:53:01
my head doesn't hurt so ask01:53:03
anything and we'll finish it because01:53:05
We've achieved a lot, we'll never get there01:53:08
how to store something memory01:53:10
but we talked about structures today01:53:18
Is it me or the print functions in01:53:22
default case01:53:23
index which does not exist Actually01:53:33
Of course there's one mistake01:53:38
sacred01:53:40
so why how to fight this01:53:44
fights with this01:53:48
This means that mine, for example, is mine01:53:52
program01:53:57
Maybe she'll never get there01:53:59
state print this default01:54:02
well written but it would be wise to write more01:54:04
such test blocks Yes, but if this01:54:07
you put the function in the library to write01:54:09
test blocks that call everything01:54:10
possible values for example 01 305 a01:54:13
then out of spite -501:54:16
what do we have 1000 We have if01:54:22
we want to do well01:54:24
experience only positive options01:54:26
used only these names but knowing01:54:29
what what mischief can this thing not01:54:32
checks blue check yourself what this is01:54:34
the thing is in this range it is not01:54:36
will swear if you are this gender01:54:37
you'll set me up01:54:39
substitute some 78 there are limits01:54:44
[music]01:54:45
how smart the runtime is01:54:48
Imagine different meanings if we are there01:54:51
a thousand different ones. I should write to him01:54:53
do a thousand checks on each call01:54:55
Yes, to make sure that you are in01:54:57
the range will be 1,000 checks01:54:58
cost more than everything already completed01:55:00
language functions for real boys and and01:55:04
strong, that is, here it is for for those who01:55:08
knows what he's doing and that's why01:55:12
this is the default check No it's you01:55:15
we should write ourselves a function to do this01:55:16
works fine that's why they put it here01:55:18
default catcher Yes and even defaults01:55:20
the printer is such a bastard, although they could01:55:22
for example with the function to return which Well01:55:24
pointers and then at the other end01:55:26
check that it is equal to zero zero01:55:28
there is absolutely no indication of the case01:55:30
valence pointer pointer01:55:32
which is written zero B is considered that01:55:34
zero memory checks it is generally in01:55:36
nature is stored Nothing good And01:55:38
so there is a place there01:55:40
a pointer means it doesn’t point anywhere01:55:43
you didn't really return anything01:55:45
good checking style01:55:47
good option that you return01:55:50
initiation pointer but we instead01:55:52
return the string01:55:53
so and how to do it it is written01:55:59
that is, test test program all01:56:03
meaning is the whole essence which causes everything01:56:05
remove all your functions and all your modules01:56:07
perverted parameters01:56:09
and she doesn't check all your work01:56:12
conglomerate that you wrote but how01:56:13
She carefully torments every piece01:56:15
Therefore it is normal01:56:19
can be simply understood from combinatorics Yes01:56:21
what if you take the program from there 4001:56:23
Each module has two different modules01:56:25
parameter to test combinations01:56:27
you need two in the forties of different impacts01:56:29
they are still out of them perhaps outside A01:56:32
to check each module01:56:33
individually it's only 80 twice01:56:36
multiply options therefore Unit But they01:56:40
check everything together so they are good as01:56:43
would be low level unit tests or more01:56:44
major tests in the final test of the overall01:56:47
program so this is what we understood01:56:49
our mistake would be a Unit test in theory01:56:51
should have written this01:56:53
compile the function into a separate library01:56:56
a separate function we are the whole essence of which01:56:58
call01:56:59
with some with some interesting01:57:02
range of parameters for our function and01:57:04
print that she01:57:06
So this is a good good case where01:57:08
Without Unit tests We could be there forever01:57:11
stuck with this number 6 that's when01:57:13
once when I used the function01:57:15
unprepared01:57:17
our problem01:57:23
Do you have any other question or01:57:37
I have a question, can I see where you are?01:57:42
asked01:57:43
gender here01:57:48
these are 6 elements Yes no I indicated this01:57:54
just a name01:58:01
this is the length of the length of each line The point is01:58:05
that's what I said, but only01:58:09
said01:58:10
a little more clearly, imagine how01:58:13
looks like a multidimensional array Here it is01:58:16
memory01:58:17
here is one element 20 characters01:58:20
second element 2701:58:22
third element every day third01:58:25
element 2001:58:28
this is how language works he you tell me01:58:32
I want to take the fifth element the fifth as it were01:58:35
under the element of the sixth element of the second01:58:38
element it goes everywhere index 2 here01:58:41
The fifth element is clear here why01:58:45
he does it quickly and easily he knows01:58:47
the length of this array01:58:49
How much memory does it take?01:58:52
multiplies this by 201:58:56
adds to this here the value Where01:59:00
the beginning is located, these are all structures01:59:01
hits this point then takes 501:59:04
multiplies by one01:59:08
he knows the language which element to ask01:59:13
if you want for example the second fifth01:59:19
he knew through simple mathematics01:59:22
dimensions of all elements then moves01:59:24
logical Well, as with a one-dimensional array01:59:27
just knows the length of the element and shifts01:59:28
in memory from memory to the desired number He is01:59:31
he doesn't go straight from memory01:59:33
moves calculates the value and directly01:59:35
and takes it from there, so the arrays work01:59:37
instantly the array can be of any length01:59:40
addressing any element works01:59:43
in constant time does not increase from01:59:46
size01:59:47
element million elements array01:59:49
access time midpoint equals time01:59:52
practically none these are the most01:59:55
beautiful01:59:57
the most beautiful in terms of speed01:59:59
container02:00:01
Let's imagine that we acted differently02:00:03
that we our we allowed ourselves to keep02:00:07
store our elements02:00:10
our array02:00:12
different lengths02:00:14
how would they have written the lines back then?02:00:16
it turns out like this, this is the line02:00:18
Here's a line like this: there's nothing at all02:00:21
This line makes it clear what needs to be done02:00:24
our poor language02:00:25
he will have to know all these lengths somewhere02:00:29
keep02:00:31
It’s clear why it smells and go there02:00:34
this is no longer a two-dimensional array it is already02:00:36
some kind02:00:37
Hirobora to be honest with memory therefore02:00:40
so when therefore we can't02:00:43
allow yourself not to write anything here02:00:47
here Yes write these lines And02:00:50
hope that he will guess he02:00:52
insufficiently clever language02:00:53
you write02:00:55
he won't choose the longest one for me02:00:58
Seems02:00:59
he won't choose the longest one02:01:01
my dear father will say, come on anyway02:01:02
You will decide what size02:01:05
because you can write Here you can02:01:08
write This is how it will work02:01:12
you can have one for yourself02:01:16
an array of some kind of Char there02:01:21
this is the one that is initialized here02:01:24
So02:01:25
like this02:01:32
So its size will be determined by itself02:01:35
line this is definitely what we asked him02:01:38
size of the element itself02:01:41
here he perceives it once02:01:45
one two three four five six and there 7002:01:50
there is an invisible one which is interesting later02:01:54
Let's talk about construction separately02:01:55
important things super here are six characters02:01:59
it will be good, but here he has a whole ambush02:02:02
he says I'm not into this02:02:05
are preparing but anyone can do it02:02:08
experiment erase twenty02:02:12
and correspondingly02:02:16
respectively02:02:19
so we give it a size and then it02:02:22
thinks like And I have 20 characters02:02:24
the lines are big and good, I'm in each of them02:02:27
I'm writing these down02:02:28
initialization lines as many as you like02:02:31
from the end there are zeros or some kind of porridge for me02:02:33
every every line is very late02:02:35
we don’t see the zero it ends then to this02:02:37
will come so you can have a long array of 602:02:39
it will be a short line at first02:02:42
stored when processing it when printing02:02:44
for example it will read read02:02:46
read the symbol Nolik excellent personality02:02:47
the end of the tail is completely ignored02:02:49
so the main thing is that it fits in02:02:51
to lie down so I took 20 C02:02:54
in stock That is02:02:58
they killed me a lot of things at once, of course this02:03:00
two-dimensional array and all that, but I don't02:03:02
found an easier way to get02:03:04
such a static group of lines that02:03:07
could be easily called02:03:09
that is, what we what this function does02:03:11
in fact, based on the received02:03:13
integer outputs a reference to02:03:16
the two-dimensional array lying outside is here02:03:18
from here take from the sixth element with02:03:21
protects with her head and if she02:03:23
returns something like this02:03:24
again return return to original02:03:28
pose with these elements equal equal02:03:31
size02:03:32
Here they are of equal dimensions02:03:37
Here they are of equal dimensions, all 20 each02:03:40
we are not drawn at 20 now, well02:03:42
believe me that they are not the same02:03:45
when you give him back when he gets something02:03:48
returns it returns pointers02:03:50
Listen, here is the line02:03:52
some kind is stored and there inside there02:03:54
the words are not written Well then02:03:59
and Nolik at the end, but here it doesn’t matter anymore02:04:03
something02:04:04
here it is written accordingly as fi02:04:07
And02:04:08
[music]02:04:11
zero and at the end some nonsense which02:04:14
no, that is, this is how it is stored and when02:04:17
when this is a function pointer02:04:19
this function returns Print which02:04:21
gets his teeth there at the reception02:04:25
let's remember where she is02:04:28
who are sitting downstairs at the reception02:04:33
we tell the programmer then you will02:04:35
we are now using it somehow02:04:39
here is the prints function it goes here02:04:43
looks to print like a line that she02:04:46
waiting here at this place in position02:04:48
number two she is expected to be in position two02:04:51
it contains a pointer to the beginning of the array02:04:54
she goes to this index and reads02:04:56
all contents of the photo the cork zero will find02:04:58
That is, she came here, she was abandoned02:05:01
they returned it there. That’s great, prince.02:05:04
goes to memory location reads characters02:05:06
they reach it, it ends, it inserts02:05:09
output line and goes to process02:05:12
following positional parameter which02:05:15
It's the same here she goes she goes to02:05:18
corresponding pole structure S3 and there02:05:20
criticism is long 100 characters Yes02:05:23
Well, at the beginning there is a capital letter A02:05:25
zero is great I'm filling out the field02:05:30
then then I write a comma then here02:05:34
sons three excellent02:05:39
and this is another such field Yeah, I’m coming02:05:41
structure C3 it says there02:05:43
Smith and H and Nolik all on zero02:05:46
I’m finishing up. Here’s what’s next for me. Here’s02:05:48
such a combination Yeah that means me02:05:50
I insert the character 10 e hexadecimal02:05:54
carriage return look for line feed02:05:59
no 13 lines02:06:04
This is a different story at the end of the lines02:06:06
are marked E in short we write like that and that’s it02:06:09
works02:06:11
inserts and then the resulting string02:06:13
which assembled the terminal extends02:06:15
there is another question that no one has yet02:06:18
asked a very interesting Why function02:06:20
the principle of everything else accepts02:06:22
arbitrary number of parameters02:06:25
it is possible to write a function with02:06:28
variable number is basically what you need02:06:30
for print function02:06:31
in real life it's like that02:06:34
uncomfortable02:06:35
rare case02:06:37
You can talk about the years of programmers and02:06:40
never use with variable02:06:42
number of parameters except output format02:06:44
who wrote for you, that is, you directly02:06:47
there are special mechanisms there02:06:49
section directly guided almost like02:06:51
write how to use functions02:06:52
variable number of kering parameters02:06:54
now it’s written, anyone can see it02:06:56
so this is also the moment that02:06:58
ran on thin legs that day02:07:00
runs variable parameter function02:07:03
this is not style, this is a bitter necessity02:07:05
otherwise some class of things like printing02:07:08
will not work02:07:11
all the advantages everything is implemented02:07:14
slimmer and amazing02:07:18
With the help of which it turns out02:07:21
actually implemented there using02:07:23
recursive operator calls02:07:26
such people wrote02:07:28
teach02:07:33
there is such a party there is such a method02:07:37
Get the appropriate library02:07:40
arguments02:07:42
and write yours if you want there02:07:45
jump out02:07:46
cool syntax allows02:07:48
special working technique prince02:07:51
written in an extremely non-trivial way02:07:53
is to understand how much he has02:07:54
parameters analyzes its call stack02:07:57
your call frame and thinks how much do I need02:07:59
it was yes And now I’ll go quickly02:08:00
so difficult to sort through02:08:03
and it looks like the play is trying02:08:05
analyze that is realistic02:08:06
analyzes very very on snot02:08:08
Poor thing02:08:10
He02:08:14
weakly weakly analyzes the place02:08:18
we have a variable number of parameters02:08:20
we have no idea what type is next02:08:23
it's good when the function has02:08:24
predefined set of parameters02:08:29
variable number God knows what will happen02:08:31
following02:08:32
therefore the function is a variable number02:08:35
parameters it is not protected02:08:37
therefore, when the principle writes us errors02:08:40
to the screen02:08:41
it's because the compiler02:08:44
directly knows he knows with her02:08:47
format modifiers and thinks something02:08:49
Doesn't break If you write the function yourself02:08:51
compilers so you can do any mess02:08:55
lines02:08:58
whole place floating at the end02:09:03
there will be a body of your function to figure out what02:09:05
Which one did they slip to blame?02:09:08
topics topic for individual02:09:11
You strayed just one more thing02:09:13
which jumped out02:09:14
And so yes02:09:18
Our beautiful function returns02:09:20
index this thing is in strings02:09:22
filled start02:09:24
arrays02:09:26
arrays of large elements which02:09:33
the execution elements themselves have02:09:36
variables at the end of the video02:09:38
Here02:09:40
that is, of course a person can02:09:43
imagine it is absolutely reasonable02:09:46
two dimensional array like02:09:49
something like square02:09:53
one dimension the second dimension are02:09:56
sausages Yes on which I have there02:09:58
A certain number of pieces02:10:01
c A certain number of pieces02:10:04
this is one dimension Yes I am every sausage02:10:07
some lengths02:10:08
first second and if you need more02:10:11
you have the third dimension02:10:13
it's not hard to see there will be some sausages02:10:16
will go far02:10:21
[music]02:10:23
and you will have some more of this thing02:10:25
depth, that is, So you can think of it as02:10:27
in fact, the third one is completely logical02:10:30
measurements02:10:31
leaving02:10:35
This is good02:10:38
fourth dimension 5 here analogies give02:10:42
failure so they are all in memory of course02:10:44
memory02:10:45
still in a row, that is, first an array02:10:49
the rightmost element which is 20 then02:10:53
It is repeated so many times subsequent02:10:55
index And if I added one more to Libya02:10:57
There would be so many more Yandex blocks02:11:00
drawn out in one line into memory in the mind02:11:05
you can think of it as a sign02:11:07
or cube02:11:10
here in memory they lived in a row02:11:13
this is also described somewhere there in every02:11:16
textbook is not the most important knowledge how02:11:17
lies in memory It is enough to know that02:11:19
somehow it lies there and is clearly drawn and02:11:22
you can't change uh the sizes of these02:11:25
elements you have You have variability02:11:29
only in the last one how much do you have the most02:11:30
left index six some there is everything02:11:34
rest02:11:37
And these should be fixed02:11:42
can't leave it desert02:11:46
That is, I think that you can write like this02:11:49
here I want to say02:11:50
I guess I've never tried this myself02:11:54
but let's start let's try I think02:11:58
what will he eat? Just like that02:12:08
and it even worked now Let's go back photo02:12:11
Let's see Why Because how is he02:12:14
determined how many elements I need02:12:17
the initializer looked02:12:20
he found six of them there and created02:12:24
but the size of each of them is father You already02:12:28
ask02:12:29
It's clear02:12:31
otherwise he will not be able to create this structure02:12:33
memory02:12:35
he needs to know how much is in each element02:12:37
How will he determine the length?02:12:40
There should be only one Highlander left02:12:43
long But this is the brain of the brain we are the compiler02:12:46
we ask for too much and count them02:12:48
the quantity is quite affordable02:12:50
[music]02:12:53
Yes, but this is thin, this is this, this is this02:12:56
interview question Come there02:12:58
such a grandfather who is older than me02:13:00
started on a spotty guy who has excellent strength02:13:03
sm4 masha I picked up These are his ones02:13:07
clearing his throat from Belomor questions what02:13:09
the index can be omitted from the definition02:13:11
multidimensional left or right if it02:13:13
put it in three dimensions and the middle one can02:13:16
but I'm sorry, I was an [ __ ], thank God for that02:13:20
there is no interview if02:13:22
meet then with brilliance say left and02:13:25
now I'll explain why02:13:36
That's the theory question02:13:45
in practice, a lot is written as if02:13:48
you write until it has compiled then and02:13:50
normally something is gained from this02:13:52
experience can then be summarized theoretically02:13:54
the base is not very good, I saw a lot of people02:13:56
who failed the material base about02:13:57
something02:13:58
no matter how hard I tried it compiled02:14:01
I can guess this one one step at a time02:14:07
don't leave much longer okay02:14:10
because we wrote to every damn thing I02:14:13
I'll probably copy this one here02:14:15
awesome code and straight into the channel02:14:17
launched that's a mistake she wrote02:14:21
non-trivial interesting I started on02:14:24
I created something in GitHub02:14:26
the catalog is called no smarter where possible02:14:29
folded normally but also came02:14:31
moment when you just take it from a lecture02:14:39
if there are no questions we will finish today02:14:42
there's another one02:14:58
all alone Lonely Just like a finger02:15:01
no Thank you dear friends today it was02:15:05
very cool interesting goodbye02:15:18
GoodbyeDescription:
В этот раз мы рассмотрели типы данных, определяемые пользователем. Видели простые типы, структуры и перечисления. Посмотрели, как формируются крайне сложные иерархии типов, и как обращаются к элементам таких сложных типов (кое-что еще не видели, впрочем). Промелькнул призрак объектно-ориентированного программирования. Вскользь рассмотрели многомерные массивы. Начали работать со строками (пока только тронули их). Начали применять выученные кусочки, чтобы склеивался какой-то толковый код: вот самодельные типы, вот самодельные функции, вот тернарный оператор пробежал, вот конструкция select...case пригодилась. Все это можно найти, если захочется разобраться основательно, в книге Кернигана и Ритчи «Язык программирования Си», которая вообще полезна, хорошо написана и достаточно компактна.
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