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00:00:15

Hello everyone, you are on the planet Earth channel.

00:00:18

And today we will talk about Swifts.

00:00:21

It is hard not to notice these birds, whose chirping pleasantly

00:00:25

pleases the ear.

00:00:26

Yes, but it’s hard to see because they are fast as the wind

00:00:29

, yet many people often confuse swifts with swallows.

00:00:33

And so that there would be no confusion, our task is to find out

00:00:37

more information about them so that everyone who hears and sees

00:00:41

can immediately distinguish who is who.

00:00:45

Let's go ...

00:00:46

Swifts represent birds that are found

00:00:49

on almost all continents, with the exception of Antarctica,

00:00:53

as well as countries such as Chile, Argentina, New Zealand,

00:00:57

including most of Australia.

00:01:00

Swifts or real swifts (Apodidae) are a family of

00:01:03

birds from the order swift-like.

00:01:06

It should be noted that swifts are unusual birds,

00:01:10

representing a whole family, which includes

00:01:13

more than 16 species.

00:01:14

There are several main varieties of swifts,

00:01:18

which are the most common.

00:01:21

These are the Black or Tower Swift, the White Belly Swift, the White-rumped Swift

00:01:24

, the Pale Swift, the Mustachioed Tree Swift,

00:01:28

and the Needle-tailed Swift.

00:01:30

Despite some resemblance to swallows, swifts

00:01:33

have no family ties with swallows, since

00:01:36

swallows represent the passerine family.

00:01:39

If you look closely, you can find visual

00:01:44

differences: swifts have large wings, therefore,

00:01:47

in flight, they make fewer movements.

00:01:51

In addition, in swallows, the limbs of the same paws are

00:01:53

somewhat longer, which allows them to take off from a

00:01:56

flat surface and land on it without problems.

00:01:59

But for swifts, their main achievement is their speed.

00:02:04

Swifts are considered the fastest of the small birds,

00:02:08

they can regularly fly at a speed of 110 km / h.

00:02:12

Larger species of swifts are even faster, the speed of the needle-tailed

00:02:16

swift reaches 170 km / h.

00:02:19

If swifts are compared with swallows, then their

00:02:22

flight speed is 2 times greater compared to them.

00:02:24

The swifts have a unique wing structure, and their excellent

00:02:28

flight characteristics allow them to stay

00:02:31

in the sky for a very long time without rest.

00:02:33

By the way, swifts can neither walk nor swim: their

00:02:37

legs are not adapted to any type of movement.

00:02:40

In the best case, once suddenly on the ground, the swift will be able to

00:02:43

crawl a few meters.

00:02:45

He is not even capable of taking off from the ground, because the wings are

00:02:47

too long and the legs are too short.

00:02:51

The only exception is black swifts, they can

00:02:53

jump up to take off.

00:02:55

Although they did not learn how to jump and run in flight, swifts

00:02:58

demonstrate real aerobatics.

00:03:01

Such maneuverability is associated with the ability to control

00:03:04

the frequency of wing beats, independently of one another.

00:03:08

As a result of the difference in the frequency of strokes of the left and right

00:03:12

wings, swifts perform instantaneous maneuvers without

00:03:15

changing their flight speed.

00:03:17

There is still such a difference from swallows.

00:03:20

It turns out that the whole thing is in vision, or, more precisely, in the structure of the

00:03:23

eyes: swallows can see insects flying around

00:03:28

and chase them.

00:03:29

Swifts do not chase insects - they almost

00:03:32

do not see them.

00:03:33

They fly with their mouths open and, like a net, capture those they come across

00:03:37

on the way.

00:03:39

There's a lot of randomness here.

00:03:40

And if there are many insects, this percentage is

00:03:44

large enough to saturate both adult birds and

00:03:48

chicks in the nest.

00:03:49

And when there are few insects, then the percentage

00:03:52

decreases accordingly.

00:03:53

Swifts are characterized by farsightedness and are able to

00:03:56

focus their vision both monooptically (with one

00:04:00

eye) and biooptically, that is, with two eyes)

00:04:03

Adult birds grow up to 10-25 cm, depending

00:04:07

on the species, while their weight is

00:04:10

in the range of 50-185 grams, which also depends on the species.

00:04:15

Swifts have a relatively large head and

00:04:18

dark eyes.

00:04:19

The main color of the plumage is not considered attractive

00:04:22

and is made in gray-black shades, although there are

00:04:25

swifts with a white belt. It is not possible

00:04:28

to determine by appearance whether the swift is in front of you or the

00:04:30

swift, since males

00:04:33

and females do not have external differences.

00:04:35

Many scientists divide the main subfamily of swifts into

00:04:38

three types: Salangans, Spinytails and Typical swifts.

00:04:43

All swifts are very noisy, vociferous birds, displaying

00:04:47

the widest variety of vocalizations during the

00:04:51

breeding season, with members

00:04:54

of the family often vocalizing similarly.

00:04:56

The loud calls of swifts flying in flocks near

00:04:59

nesting colonies are one of their distinguishing

00:05:03

features.

00:05:04

Even the plumage of swifts can make various sounds.

00:05:08

Many swifts are capable of echolocation.

00:05:12

Lacking the high echolocation acuity of bats

00:05:15

(Chiroptera) they need to catch insects, swifts

00:05:18

use this ability to build

00:05:21

nests in dark caves, return to them after

00:05:24

dark, and also feed after many

00:05:27

other bird species.

00:05:29

The habitat of swifts is the most diverse.

00:05:32

They inhabit mountains and plains, open spaces

00:05:35

and forests, nest on rocks, in caves, in burrows or

00:05:39

hollows.

00:05:40

Mastered the niches of buildings, attics and chimneys.

00:05:43

Swifts live in places with a sufficient concentration of

00:05:46

insects in the air and accessible places for lodging and breeding.

00:05:50

Accumulations of insects, followed by swifts, are usually

00:05:53

found near water.

00:05:55

Swifts are birds whose diet depends on weather

00:05:58

conditions.

00:05:59

For them, prolonged fasting is unacceptable, which leads

00:06:02

to a decrease in body temperature.

00:06:04

You can often see how swifts seem to be

00:06:07

in a state of stupor.

00:06:08

If food is not enough due to weather conditions,

00:06:12

swifts hibernate from 2 to 10 days to

00:06:15

survive bad weather. Surprisingly, not only

00:06:16

adult birds, but also chicks

00:06:19

can hibernate .

00:06:21

Chicks can sleep for a whole week, while their parents

00:06:24

leave the nest from time to time in search of food,

00:06:28

if weather conditions allow it.

00:06:31

In August-September, these birds go

00:06:34

for wintering to warmer climes, but in any case, a lot

00:06:36

depends on the availability of food, and again on weather

00:06:41

conditions.

00:06:42

In search of food, swifts can leave their native places

00:06:45

for a long time, but then they will definitely come

00:06:48

back.

00:06:49

Swifts winter in areas south of the

00:06:53

Sahara Desert.

00:06:54

Birds ringed in Britain have been found

00:06:56

in the Congo Basin, in Malawi, in the territories of

00:06:59

Tanzania and Zimbabwe, as well as in Mozambique and in the south of the African

00:07:05

continent.

00:07:06

Scientists still do not have reliable information

00:07:09

about the flight routes of swifts.

00:07:11

Birds usually migrate very quickly.

00:07:14

Flights of the black swift 1275 km

00:07:19

in four days and the white-bellied swift 1620 km in three days were recorded.

00:07:25

The speed of flights is understandable, but what about the nests.

00:07:30

Swifts build a nest from various improvised

00:07:34

materials that are available to birds in specific

00:07:36

habitat conditions.

00:07:38

Despite this fact, swifts do not collect leaves, sticks,

00:07:41

dirt and other components from the ground, as

00:07:44

other birds do.

00:07:47

Building materials consist of those elements

00:07:51

that swifts can catch on the fly.

00:07:52

These are thin fibers of various origins, feathers and

00:07:58

down.

00:07:59

Many species hold the nest together with saliva, and the Salangan

00:08:01

builds the nest exclusively from saliva, which is a delicacy

00:08:06

of oriental cuisine.

00:08:07

Swifts usually have very strict site requirements

00:08:10

for building a nest.

00:08:12

In the black swift they include the presence of water, inaccessibility

00:08:16

to predators, darkness, the possibility of unimpeded flight

00:08:20

directly over the nest, the presence of stone niches on

00:08:23

which to build a nest.

00:08:25

Swifts choose a soul mate for themselves once

00:08:28

and for life.

00:08:30

Given the fact that these birds spend most of their

00:08:32

lives in the air, they can also mate in the air.

00:08:36

The breeding season for swifts depends on the number of insects.

00:08:40

In the tropics, it usually coincides with the rainy season, in temperate

00:08:43

latitudes, as a rule, summer breeding predominates.

00:08:46

Having laid eggs, which are characterized by a white color, the female sits

00:08:51

on them and incubates for 3 weeks.

00:08:54

During this period, the male earns food not only for

00:08:57

himself, but also for the expectant mother.

00:08:58

Swifts become sexually mature in the second or third year,

00:09:01

and live in their natural environment for about five.

00:09:04

Despite their small size, swifts do not have

00:09:08

many natural enemies.

00:09:09

Many birds of prey simply cannot catch swifts

00:09:13

in flight, as they fly fast and do not descend

00:09:16

close to the surface of the earth.

00:09:18

The most formidable large predator for swifts is the hobby

00:09:21

(small falcon).

00:09:22

And the most formidable even less than they are parasites.

00:09:27

Swifts are highly prone to parasitism, which is most

00:09:30

likely due to the difficulties of cleaning due to the anatomical

00:09:33

features of birds.

00:09:35

However, many swifts keep their nests clean. Global

00:09:39

climate change

00:09:41

can have a great impact on the swifts , but these beautiful birds

00:09:45

are not yet threatened with extinction.

00:09:46

Swifts are rightfully considered unique birds, which

00:09:50

also bring great benefits, destroying a huge

00:09:53

number of all kinds of insects.

00:09:56

In other words, they take part in regulating

00:09:59

the number of insects, therefore they deserve protection

00:10:03

and attention from our side, although what is it about if you need help

00:10:07

, you need to ask what, but for now we will understand

00:10:10

and ask the swift will already be in another part of the world

00:10:14

, since this is one of the fastest birds on our planet.

00:10:18

Watch, listen, write, subscribe.

00:10:21

Don't forget to like and share this video with your

00:10:24

friends, it really helps promotion.

00:10:27

With you was the channel planet earth.

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