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00:00:01
[Applause] [Music]00:00:06
[Applause]00:00:07
[Music]00:00:17
[Applause]00:00:18
[Music]00:00:25
in the northeast of the Indian Ocean00:00:27
spanning a latitude of 6 to 16 degrees00:00:31
north of the Equator lies the Andaman00:00:33
Sea for the people of Thailand and Burma00:00:36
also known as Myanmar the two nations00:00:39
bordering the eastern edge of the00:00:40
Andaman the sea has always been an00:00:43
integral part of life and the economy00:00:46
the Andaman had warm waters support an00:00:49
enormity of marine life and they relied00:00:51
upon for food as well as transport00:00:53
[Music]00:01:09
limestone formations such as those which00:01:11
make up the peepee Islands contrast with00:01:14
granite outcrops like the Similan00:01:16
Islands00:01:17
[Music]00:01:18
the warm clear water and diversity of00:01:22
marine life make the and Irma an00:01:24
attractive dive destination and many00:01:26
divers visit each year to explore and00:01:29
enjoy the underwater world00:01:30
[Music]00:01:38
and seldom is the marine landscape as00:01:41
diverse as it is here00:01:44
millions of years of decay have cut the00:01:47
limestone pinnacles of Burma's Murguia00:01:49
archipelago into a terrain of underwater00:01:52
canyons and caves00:01:54
[Music]00:02:02
further south the huge granite boulders00:02:05
of Thailand similan islands continue00:02:08
beneath the waterline creating dramatic00:02:11
caves and swim-throughs00:02:17
much of the submerged rock has been00:02:19
colonized by soft corals like this00:02:22
mushroom leather coral at Christmas00:02:24
point for stony corals like this field00:02:27
of staghorn coral at carb on all this00:02:31
montipora coral at East of Eden00:02:38
elsewhere magnificent anemones have00:02:40
taken over00:02:42
[Music]00:02:48
at shallow sites such as Richelieu Rock00:02:51
the ebb and flow of the tide brings the00:02:54
oxygen necessary for turtle weed a type00:02:57
of green algae to flourish00:03:01
dendron apatheia soft corals adorn the00:03:04
valleys and slopes at in ruin or purple00:03:07
rock in Thai00:03:08
[Music]00:03:14
elsewhere pretty crinoid for feather00:03:17
stars take a prime positions for00:03:19
filtering plankton from the water00:03:21
[Music]00:03:24
a feeding strategy shared by giant sea00:03:27
fans who sit like skeleton makes them00:03:30
highly efficient filter feeders00:03:33
[Music]00:03:37
here between the rocks and coral lie00:03:40
leopard sharks these gentle creatures00:03:46
are quite the opposite of many people's00:03:48
impression of the fearsome shark rather00:03:54
than sharp teeth their mouths contain00:03:57
ridged plates00:03:58
[Music]00:04:14
leopard sharks can be easily incised but00:04:18
if divers get too close they will00:04:20
finally make their departure although00:04:37
leopard shark is the most commonly used00:04:39
name in the Andaman Sea globally these00:04:42
sharks are more commonly known as zebra00:04:44
sharks because the rarely seen juveniles00:04:46
have striped knot spots00:04:50
[Music]00:05:02
barring many similarities to leopard00:05:04
sharks nurse sharks are also normally00:05:07
Placid like leopard sharks they don't00:05:10
have sharp teeth nurse shark should be00:05:12
treated with respect however they have00:05:15
been known to bite divers when provoked00:05:17
and if they bite they tend not to let go00:05:20
[Music]00:05:26
during the day tawny nurse sharks are00:05:29
normally found sleeping under ledges00:05:31
often piled up in groups like here at :00:05:34
pinnacle00:05:35
[Music]00:05:41
although mesh shocks generally feed at00:05:44
night here at the burma banks they are00:05:46
often on the prowl looking for food00:05:48
during the daytime - they have to00:05:53
barbels above the mouth which help them00:05:55
probe for food00:06:01
when the shark senses prey such as small00:06:03
fishes or crustaceans it uses a strong00:06:06
sucking action to draw the food into the00:06:08
mouth00:06:19
bonds between those sharks appear to be00:06:22
closer than with many other shark00:06:24
species and they are often seen swimming00:06:26
in couples00:06:27
[Music]00:06:50
at Island recently a rock a whale shark00:06:53
makes a rare appearance this is no whale00:06:56
but rather the world's largest fish00:07:00
whale sharks can grow up to 12 metres00:07:02
long although unconfirmed reports00:07:05
circulated Giants up to 18 metres long00:07:08
this female is about the average size of00:07:11
eight meters there is little to match00:07:14
the or inspired by an encounter with a00:07:16
whale shark and for many divers this is00:07:19
the pinnacle of their underwater00:07:20
experience00:07:25
[Music]00:07:42
they're 3,000 tiny teeth are rarely used00:07:45
when feeding they hold their mouths open00:07:48
and feed on plankton fish eggs and small00:07:51
marine creatures00:07:56
ridges down the whale sharks back a00:07:58
reminiscent of those on zebra sharks00:08:01
backs and like the zebra shark the whale00:08:03
shock poses little danger to humans00:08:07
[Music]00:08:20
she has lost the top part of her tail00:08:23
perhaps due to an attack by a predatory00:08:25
shark when she was a youngster or00:08:27
possibly a collision with a boat's00:08:29
propeller00:08:30
the shark's fins act like rudders00:08:33
helping steer it gracefully through the00:08:35
water00:08:38
for a long time whale sharks were00:08:40
thought to be a vaporous in other words00:08:42
hatching from eggs laid by the mother00:08:44
however since 1995 females have been00:08:48
discovered containing hundreds of00:08:49
hatched pups proving that the young00:08:52
complete their development inside the00:08:54
mother's body before birth00:08:58
as is typical of large pelagic fishes00:09:01
the back is darker than the belly this00:09:04
counter shading helps it blend in with00:09:07
its environment00:09:08
and the abstract pattern of spots and00:09:10
stripes on the back enhances the00:09:12
camouflage from above00:09:18
some whale sharks attract shoals of fish00:09:21
around the head such as these juveniles00:09:23
cat protecting themselves from predators00:09:26
which may be intimidated by the shark00:09:29
the shark itself does not prey on them00:09:31
and they are careful enough to Cruise in00:09:33
front of its cavernous mouth without00:09:35
getting sucked in00:09:40
[Music]00:09:54
this much younger whale shark approached00:09:57
boats near Western rocky island and00:09:59
stayed around for a long time00:10:06
[Music]00:10:11
although it might be tempting to touch00:10:13
or even hitch a ride on a whale shark00:10:15
this practice is highly discouraged it00:10:18
may modify the Sharks natural behavior00:10:21
or even cause infection it can also be00:10:24
dangerous for the diver or snorkeler00:10:26
despite their usual graceful and stately00:10:29
motion whale shops can draw on great00:10:31
strength if they become agitated and00:10:33
should be respected like any wild animal00:10:39
shark fin soup is seen as a delicacy and00:10:42
status symbol in many Asian markets a00:10:45
single whale shark fin can fetch tens of00:10:48
thousands of dollars in some Chinese00:10:49
restaurants and often a whale shark fin00:10:53
is not eaten but just used to advertise00:10:55
the availability of shark fin or shark00:10:58
fin soup00:10:59
whale sharks do not reach sexual00:11:01
maturity until they're 25 years old and00:11:04
pregnancies are few and far between so00:11:07
their survival is particularly at risk00:11:09
unless his culture changes or00:11:12
legislation is introduced and enforced00:11:15
whale sharks like many other sharks may00:11:18
soon disappear forever from the shadows00:11:30
and shoals of cardinalfish at Burma's00:11:32
shark cave a grey reef shark emerges00:11:36
this strong stocky shark feeds mainly at00:11:39
night but may sometimes be seen cruising00:11:42
during the day the canyon at shark cave00:11:44
provides an excellent viewing gallery00:11:48
although gray reef sharks can sometimes00:11:51
show aggression in their behavior this00:11:53
is extremely rare amongst those found in00:11:55
the Andaman00:11:57
[Music]00:12:13
[Music]00:12:18
a visit to the burma banks will00:12:22
sometimes yield an interesting encounter00:12:24
with Silvertip sharks these juveniles00:12:27
are particularly curious and divers as00:12:31
adults they will grow larger than gray00:12:33
reef sharks up to 3 metres in fact but00:12:37
they will also withdraw slightly and00:12:39
become more wary of close human contact00:12:42
[Music]00:12:52
already these young Silvertips00:12:54
display the streamlined body an00:12:56
attractive coloration that make them a00:12:58
favorite among shark lovers00:13:02
[Music]00:13:06
one of the most common sharks to be00:13:08
found across the Andaman Sea is the00:13:10
white tip reef shark because of similar00:13:13
coloration of the dorsal and tail fins00:13:15
the white tip reef shark and silver tip00:13:18
shark are sometimes confused but the00:13:21
white tip has a wedge-shaped head and00:13:23
its cigar-shaped body is slimmer than00:13:25
the silver tips Blackrock on the western00:13:28
edge of the Magoo II archipelago is one00:13:31
of the area's best dive sites and white00:13:33
tip reef sharks are commonly encountered00:13:35
during the descent the other main order00:13:45
of cartilaginous fishes to be found00:13:47
around the Andamans reefs is the rays00:13:50
and most common of these is the blue00:13:52
spotted stingray this stingrays00:13:55
coloration and common name make it often00:13:57
confused with the more circular blue00:13:59
spotted stingray found in the Gulf of00:14:01
Thailand which belongs to a different00:14:03
genus00:14:04
[Music]00:14:08
the blue spotted stingray is found on00:14:11
sandy bottoms at sites such as East of00:14:13
Eden in the similans the neutral color00:14:29
of the larger Jenkins whipray00:14:31
camouflages it well against the seabed00:14:35
[Music]00:14:40
this Ray has a pair of sharp and00:14:42
venomous spines near the base of its00:14:44
tail and the name Witt prey comes from00:14:47
the Rays ability to whip its long tail00:14:50
over fast and administer a nasty stink00:14:52
to a predator at any part of its00:14:54
circumference the Ray takes in water00:14:59
through its spherical a hole just behind00:15:01
the eye this water can be blown out00:15:04
through the mouth to excavate food from00:15:06
the substrate00:15:07
[Music]00:15:27
[Music]00:15:32
another large stingray common to the00:15:34
area is the blotched fantail ray this00:15:38
impressive species can grow nearly 200:15:40
meters in diameter and is often one of00:15:42
the highlights of dives in the Andaman00:15:47
[Music]00:16:13
[Music]00:16:22
blotched fantail raise our most00:16:24
impressive when they a grenade in shoals00:16:28
occasionally they can be witnessed in00:16:30
large numbers I encountered this shoal00:16:33
of some 30 individuals at Blackrock they00:16:36
have possibly gathered to mate00:16:38
[Music]00:16:44
[Music]00:16:58
[Music]00:17:05
another visitor to Blackrock another00:17:08
deepwater sites is the spotted eagle ray00:17:11
in some parts of the world eagle rays00:17:14
stay together in schools in the Andaman00:17:17
Sea they are normally found alone just00:17:20
behind the short dorsal fin they have up00:17:23
to 6 venomous tail spines which can00:17:26
inflict serious damage on attackers00:17:29
between its wing-like fins it has a00:17:32
solid heavy body and a deep head00:17:46
the smooth tail the bulla is a similar00:17:49
size to the Eagle Ray but can only00:17:51
usually be seen by divers in the00:17:53
northern Andaman at sites like Burma's00:17:55
Tower Rock although they are00:17:57
occasionally seen in Thailand at sites00:17:59
such as ratch annoy00:18:02
[Music]00:18:04
the Mvula is a member of a group term00:18:07
Devil Rays so named because of two00:18:09
protruding cephalic fins high the side00:18:12
of its mouth these fins help to direct00:18:14
plankton and small marine creatures into00:18:17
the mouth for feeding the mob Allah is a00:18:20
highly social fish and is often observed00:18:23
in large schools00:18:25
[Music]00:18:37
[Music]00:18:42
the MA bulla is an impressive sight but00:18:45
shares our season with a much larger00:18:47
devil rain the king of all rays the00:18:50
giant manta ray00:18:52
[Music]00:18:58
[Music]00:19:02
mantas are frequent visitors to sites00:19:04
such as coban giant mantas can grow to a00:19:08
width of over 6 meters and a weight of00:19:10
over 2 tons these pelagic fish are00:19:14
always on the move unlike my Bullers00:19:16
they feed by swimming open mouthed and00:19:19
using the two cephalic fins to direct00:19:21
water into the mouth00:19:27
[Music]00:19:29
the gills on its white underside contain00:19:32
rakers which filter our plankton and00:19:35
small organisms00:19:39
[Music]00:19:43
the markings on the back and underside00:19:46
of mantas are highly variable and00:19:48
they're useful in distinguishing00:19:49
individuals00:19:53
[Music]00:19:59
occasionally the cephalic fins are fold00:20:02
up into cylinders to improve00:20:04
streamlining00:20:13
[Music]00:20:24
mantas are one of the most intelligent00:20:26
fish with the largest brain-to-body mass00:20:29
ratio of Hall elasmobranch they often00:20:33
seem to enjoy interaction with humans a00:20:35
gentle approach by divers is often00:20:38
permitted and mantas will sometimes00:20:40
approach divers apparently out of00:20:42
curiosity00:20:43
[Music]00:20:45
mantas only give birth to an average of00:20:48
two pups every two years and populations00:20:51
have long been in decline the gill00:20:54
rakers of mantas and the Bullers are00:20:56
used in a Chinese medicine that is00:20:59
thought to detoxify the blood there is00:21:02
no scientific evidence that it works00:21:04
nevertheless the lucrative trade is on00:21:07
the increase in November 2011 the00:21:11
International Union for Conservation of00:21:13
Nature declared giant manta rays as00:21:15
vulnerable with an elevated risk of00:21:18
extinction down on the reef a fish trap00:21:28
has caught a handful of bony fishes00:21:30
including a giant moray eel this is the00:21:36
largest of all morays00:21:42
despite their fearsome appearance mores00:21:45
are not as dangerous to humans as they00:21:47
look although large Amore's can attack00:21:50
if provoked and have been known to bite00:21:52
divers when being fed the mouth contains00:21:56
sharp teeth for capturing and00:21:58
restraining prey once captured a second00:22:01
set of Jaws in the throat is launched00:22:03
forward to grab the prey and pull it00:22:06
down a Morrie's gullet anemone Reef is00:22:11
home to several specimens of yellow00:22:13
edged Moray like many mores they feed on00:22:16
small reef fishes00:22:19
[Music]00:22:23
[Applause]00:22:26
cowlicks boon some tin miner wreck has a00:22:30
particular concentration of honeycomb00:22:32
mores00:22:35
[Music]00:22:48
this spotted Morey at the burma banks is00:22:51
a close relative white mouth Morrie's00:22:59
are not at all common in the Andaman00:23:00
this rare specimen was seen of Burma's00:23:03
Western rocky island00:23:06
[Music]00:23:13
another Myanmar speciality is the barred00:23:16
film or a when feeling threatened it00:23:19
adopts a very snake-like posture facial00:23:41
injuries are quite common amongst morays00:23:43
and this pale chin Moray at high rock00:23:46
bears the scars of past conflicts00:23:54
the cartoon-like features of the00:23:57
greyface mori are much more common00:23:59
throughout the area and these eels are00:24:01
often found in pairs or small groups00:24:04
[Music]00:24:08
this is a small and very energetic00:24:10
species and when it attacks it moves00:24:13
quickly00:24:15
[Music]00:24:26
grayface Maurice don't just live with00:24:29
each other they often share their homes00:24:31
with other species in this case00:24:33
affiliated Moray00:24:34
[Music]00:24:47
and here we find a femme rated Maury00:24:50
with a snowflake moray whereas the00:24:54
previous species feed mainly on fishes00:24:56
the snowflake lori feeds on shelled00:24:58
mollusks and crustaceans so its teeth00:25:01
are much more blunt00:25:03
[Music]00:25:15
it's not difficult to see how the zebra00:25:18
Mari got its name this mari also feeds00:25:22
on crustaceans00:25:24
[Music]00:25:54
of all the marine creatures found in the00:25:57
Andaman Sea possibly the Tiger Tail00:26:00
seahorse carries the most mystique the00:26:06
seahorse finds a suitable holdfast such00:26:09
as this black son coral and anchors00:26:11
itself to it using its striped tail here00:26:21
at shark cave the seahorse has become00:26:23
stuck to a worm sea cucumber the sea00:26:29
hole struggled for several minutes00:26:30
before finally freeing itself from the00:26:32
sea cucumbers adhesive body00:26:34
[Music]00:26:39
perhaps the most interesting fact about00:26:41
the seahorse00:26:42
is that it is the male of the species00:26:44
that becomes pregnant the gestating00:26:47
fetuses are carried in a pouch on the00:26:49
seahorses belly00:26:51
typically litters comprise a hundred or00:26:53
more perfectly formed babies each just a00:26:56
few millimeters in length seahorses are00:27:00
generally monogamous and it is not00:27:02
uncommon for the male to become pregnant00:27:04
several times per year with the same00:27:07
female mate the blue spotted Kornet fish00:27:15
sometimes known as a smooth flute mouth00:27:17
is seen hunting for small fishes here in00:27:20
the canyon at shark cave its slim00:27:22
profile is both streamlined for high00:27:25
speed and minimizes the chances of it00:27:27
being seen as it approaches prey the00:27:30
long thin snout bears a resemblance to00:27:32
its seahorse cousins00:27:34
[Music]00:27:39
staghorn coral is found in abundance on00:27:42
the east side of rachie island and this00:27:45
hard coral is one of the favored00:27:47
habitats of the trumpet fish it's00:27:50
elongated body gives it a much larger00:27:51
turning circle than fellow reef fishes00:27:54
amongst coral the trumpet fish often has00:27:57
to make three-point turns relying on its00:28:00
tiny pectoral fins to reverse out of a00:28:03
corner before propelling itself forward00:28:05
again the trumpet fish's dorsal and anal00:28:09
fins are right back on its tail and give00:28:12
it a great turn of speed when attacking00:28:14
prey00:28:15
[Music]00:28:21
the bright yellow variant of the trumpet00:28:24
fish can sometimes be spotted in the00:28:27
Similan and Surin Islands00:28:31
[Music]00:28:50
a visit to the island of koh tachai00:28:52
often provides a special treat for00:28:55
divers a large and easily approached00:28:58
school of clearer batfish the underwater00:29:05
landscape here is characterized by large00:29:07
granite boulders which provide the type00:29:09
of shelter that the bat fish love00:29:12
[Music]00:29:16
hanging in the current sometimes on00:29:19
their side the bat fish are very easily00:29:21
approached bat fish take their name from00:29:28
their elongated pair of pelvic fins00:29:32
other varieties in the area include the00:29:36
pinnate bat fish seen here at Koh bon00:29:38
[Music]00:29:44
under the similar golden Spadefish seen00:29:47
here in a school at kotor INLA in the00:29:49
shirin islands00:29:51
[Music]00:29:56
this bat fish is tall proportions mark00:30:00
it out to be a juvenile very young bat00:30:03
fish can be three times as tall as they00:30:06
are long00:30:09
this striking design belongs to a young00:30:12
Emperor angelfish00:30:15
[Music]00:30:19
in adolescence angelfish undergo a00:30:22
dramatic metamorphosis the adults masked00:30:28
face and striped body are nothing like00:30:30
the young the entirely different00:30:33
appearance of the juveniles is thought00:30:35
to protect them from adults of the same00:30:37
species which otherwise might attack00:30:40
them to protect their territory00:30:41
[Music]00:30:45
the distinctive blue ring angelfish can00:30:48
be seen on many Andaman dive sites00:30:50
individually or in pairs00:30:56
[Music]00:31:02
the Similan Islands also hosts regal00:31:06
angelfish00:31:07
[Music]00:31:13
and blue-faced angelfish this individual00:31:19
from Boulder City bears deep scars and00:31:22
trails fishing line from its mouth00:31:25
[Music]00:31:35
butterflyfish brighten up any reef and00:31:37
there are many species in the indian00:31:39
ocean this is a pair of copper band00:31:42
butterfly fish at anemone reef and these00:31:48
are mayor's butterfly fish in the00:31:50
similans often found mixed with black00:31:52
pyramid butterflyfish00:31:54
[Music]00:32:04
the raccoon butterflyfish is one of the00:32:07
most distinctive species they are often00:32:10
mixed with red tail butterfly fish the00:32:13
most common member of the family in the00:32:14
area00:32:20
[Music]00:32:43
vanna fish are common throughout the00:32:45
area and are characterized by a very00:32:47
long spine at the front of the dorsal00:32:50
fin00:32:51
[Music]00:32:56
[Applause]00:32:59
schooling bannerfish can be seen in00:33:01
shoals close to the reef or hanging00:33:04
above it feeding on zooplankton00:33:06
[Music]00:33:19
[Applause] [Music]00:33:29
at first glance the moorish idol may be00:33:33
mistaken for a banner fish00:33:35
it bears similar form and coloration but00:33:37
belongs to a totally different family00:33:40
nevertheless they show similar habits00:33:43
like the banner fish they can be seen00:33:45
alone or in large schools00:33:49
[Music]00:33:56
these sailfin Tang are feeding on algae00:33:59
covering the boulders at Rocky Point00:34:02
[Music]00:34:05
powder blue tang are seen at most sites00:34:08
within the similans tank are also known00:34:11
as surgeonfish00:34:13
so named because of the razor sharp00:34:15
spines just in front of the tail which00:34:18
can be used during combat the tail00:34:21
spines of uniformed fishes are00:34:23
particularly prominent the ring tailed00:34:34
unicorn fish also bears the spike on its00:34:37
head that gave the genus its named this00:34:42
common reef fish is appropriately named00:34:44
the crescent tailed big eye big eyes00:34:48
typically inhabit dark spaces such as00:34:50
caves where the large eyes help them see00:34:53
in low-light they occasionally form00:34:56
small aggregations like this one at00:34:58
Rocky Point in open water their skin00:35:01
color adapt to the bright conditions by00:35:04
becoming paler thereby making it less00:35:06
conspicuous00:35:09
[Music]00:35:10
the juvenile Emperor red snapper is one00:35:14
of the most distinctive of all reef00:35:16
fishes but rarely seen00:35:18
[Music]00:35:23
[Music]00:35:25
named after the sea itself the boldly00:35:29
spotted hander man sweetlips00:35:30
has a striking design but perhaps the00:35:37
most photogenic of all our reef fishes00:35:39
is the oriental sweetlips although often00:35:44
found alone this species is at its most00:35:47
striking in numbers schools can be00:35:49
encountered among the enormous granite00:35:52
boulders at Christmas Point an elephant00:35:54
head rock in the Similan Islands00:36:00
[Music]00:36:05
the Andaman Sea is home to a large00:36:08
variety of groupers smaller species such00:36:14
as this black tip grouper or the00:36:16
slightly larger long fin grouper look00:36:18
nervous when approached but show little00:36:21
effort to make an escape in comparison00:36:23
to many larger species one of the00:36:33
biggest bony fishes in our area is the00:36:35
brown marbled grouper individuals of00:36:38
over 1 metre in length are often00:36:41
observed at recently a rock00:36:44
[Music]00:36:53
[Applause]00:36:59
this disused and broken fish trap00:37:02
provides temporary protection for one00:37:05
particularly large individual00:37:11
[Music]00:37:24
the potato grouper or potato cod grows00:37:28
even larger encounters in the Enderman00:37:30
are a rarity but Silvertip Bank is home00:37:33
to one particularly tame and curious00:37:36
individual nicknamed Freddie when00:37:46
visiting divers feed sharks here Freddie00:37:49
invariably shows up to get a piece of00:37:51
the action00:37:52
[Music]00:37:55
the expectancy of food is undoubtedly00:37:58
his main motive for approaching divers00:38:00
but he does seem to enjoy contact with00:38:03
humans00:38:04
[Music]00:38:14
[Music]00:38:23
on a similar scale to the potato cod is00:38:27
the humphead wrasse the largest of all00:38:29
wrasses this species can grow up to 200:38:38
meters and as it matures it develops a00:38:41
protruding hump on its forehead00:38:43
this individual was seen at shark fin00:38:46
reef another speciality of shark fin00:38:54
reef and nearby Boulder City is the00:38:56
humphead parrotfish the protruding lump00:39:02
of bone on the forehead is used for00:39:04
head-butting rivals during combat00:39:09
[Music]00:39:16
the teeth are fused together into a00:39:19
parrot-like beak which is strong enough00:39:21
to bite through even the hardest corals00:39:25
[Music]00:39:39
several species of Barracuda inhabit the00:39:42
Andaman unlike other species the great00:39:45
barracuda prefers to stay alone or in00:39:48
loose associations with other00:39:49
individuals here at Silvertip Bank one00:39:55
or two great barracudas are commonly00:39:57
found around the mooring line00:40:00
[Music]00:40:10
the Barracuda possesses enormous speed00:40:13
and a razor-sharp set of teeth which00:40:15
makes it one of the reefs top level00:40:17
predators00:40:20
the barracuda preys on small fishes and00:40:23
on occasions shiny jewelry worn by00:40:26
divers has been mistaken as prey with00:40:29
unfortunate results for the diver this00:40:38
giant trevally is another very fast00:40:41
predator trevallies are often referred00:40:44
to as jacks and like the great barracuda00:40:46
they prey on small fishes these are00:40:57
bluefin trevally 'he's thriving on the00:41:00
currents around the giant boulders at00:41:02
rocky point and these are young golden00:41:13
trevallies in the depths that reach lea00:41:15
rock00:41:21
back down on the reef we find the most00:41:24
common of the pufferfish family the00:41:26
black spotted puffer at Blackrock these00:41:30
fish can often be seen just resting on00:41:32
the bottom or in this case amongst the00:41:35
branches of a sea fan this larger00:41:39
species is a mad puffer like parrotfish00:41:43
puffers teeth are fused together to form00:41:46
a very strong beak this is a blue00:41:57
spotted puffer although this particular00:41:59
individual is lacking the characteristic00:42:02
blue coloration around the face like00:42:06
other puffer fish00:42:07
if it feels greatly threatened it will00:42:09
swallow water to inflate its body into a00:42:12
ball in order to appear more00:42:14
intimidating the largest of all puffer00:42:21
fish is the starry puffer they are00:42:25
fairly unfazed by the close attentions00:42:28
of divers [Music]00:42:33
the yellow box fish's body is covered00:42:36
with hexagonal bony plates fused00:42:38
together into a rigid carapace for00:42:40
protection00:42:41
this fish releases toxins if stressed00:42:44
and the bright coloration serves as a00:42:46
warning to would-be predators00:42:48
nevertheless this juvenile gets an imp00:42:52
from an aggressive damsel fish and00:42:53
retreats to the shelter of the reef as00:43:05
the yellow boxfish matures it's bright00:43:07
yellow coloration darkens and fades and00:43:10
it gains more white spots amongst the00:43:12
black ones00:43:17
[Music]00:43:27
large adults take on an altogether more00:43:30
purple hue the male whitespotted boxfish00:43:39
has a very distinct coloration the00:43:53
female of the species is a uniform black00:43:55
with white spots00:43:57
[Music]00:44:09
on cowlicks boon song wreck we find a00:44:13
tiny horn nosed boxfish in adulthood the00:44:18
species develops a prominent bump on its00:44:20
snout the porcupine fish is covered with00:44:31
spines which normally lie flat against00:44:34
its body00:44:41
when under threat they can inflate their00:44:43
bodies with water like pufferfish when00:44:46
doing so the spines point straight out00:44:49
of their defense00:44:50
[Music]00:44:52
this spotfin porcupine fish has broken00:44:56
some of its spines presumably by00:44:58
reversing out of a hole the damaged00:45:01
spines will soon grow back00:45:07
as can be seen from this black blotched00:45:11
porcupine fish their eyes are quite00:45:13
vulnerable to attack or self-inflicted00:45:16
damage and it's quite common to see00:45:18
individuals that have been blinded in00:45:20
one eye00:45:21
[Music]00:45:28
it's diet includes bivalve molluscs and00:45:31
the porcupine fish has a strong bite00:45:34
when exploring the reef for such food00:45:36
[Music]00:45:49
the smaller long spine porcupine fish is00:45:53
occasionally seen foraging on the seabed00:45:55
surrounding the reef00:46:07
[Laughter]00:46:11
scrawled filefish sometimes referred to00:46:14
as leather jackets are characterized by00:46:16
a long snout and tail fin and a long00:46:19
slender dorsal spine00:46:28
[Music]00:46:33
triggerfish is such as this orange line00:46:36
triggerfish are close relatives of all00:46:53
the marine creatures in our area one of00:46:55
the most striking is the clown00:46:57
triggerfish00:46:58
[Music]00:47:16
like file fishes00:47:18
trigger fishes have a pronounced dorsal00:47:20
spine or trigger that they will raise00:47:23
when under threat unlike the larger00:47:33
varieties of the family red tooth00:47:35
trigger fish are sometimes seen in large00:47:37
shoals like here at silver tip Bank the00:47:49
yellow margin trigger fish is equipped00:47:51
with a very strong bite00:47:54
[Music]00:48:03
the largest of all trigger fishes is the00:48:06
titan triggerfish this is a highly00:48:10
territorial species and aggressively00:48:13
defends its nest against intruders and00:48:15
bypasses00:48:21
[Music]00:48:24
here at East of Eden a painted spiny00:48:27
lobster is out in the open but soon00:48:30
retreats under its ledge when approached00:48:34
spiny lobsters lack the claws of other00:48:37
lobsters possess but they have very long00:48:39
barbed antennae their main sensory00:48:41
device the whole of the front part of00:48:44
the lobsters body is covered in an array00:48:46
of spines and blades a formidable00:48:49
defense against any attacker the amazing00:48:56
colors of the ornate spiny lobster are00:48:58
not common in the Andaman but one spot00:49:01
where they can be found is Blackrock the00:49:12
tunnel through the middle of Western00:49:14
rocky island is dominated by long-legged00:49:17
spiny lobsters dozens of them inhabit00:49:21
the cracks and crevices of the caves00:49:23
walls00:49:26
[Music]00:49:35
decker pods come in a wide range of00:49:38
sizes these tiny rock cleaner shrimps00:49:41
inhabit the dark hollows and richly iraq00:49:45
[Music]00:49:50
Burma's moving wall was given its name00:49:53
because of the masses of Durban hinge00:49:55
big shrimp living there they are00:49:57
characterized by large bulging eyes and00:50:00
a body that hinges in the middle to00:50:03
facilitate molting of the shell00:50:06
[Music]00:50:22
banded coral shrimp have much longer00:50:25
claws and are always found in pairs00:50:28
[Music]00:50:39
now for an entirely different type of00:50:42
crustacean the swimming crab the00:50:45
swimming crabs fifth pair of legs its00:50:47
hind most are flattened into puddles00:50:50
which enable it to swim this red legged00:50:53
swimming crab was found in deep water00:50:55
and well away from the reef this is a00:50:59
territorial crab and this individual got00:51:02
very agitated when it presumably mistook00:51:05
its reflection in the camera lens for a00:51:07
real rival00:51:09
[Music]00:51:14
calories are amongst the most00:51:16
eye-catching mollusks that adorn the00:51:18
area's reefs this richly colored variety00:51:21
is a mole carry the shell is kept shiny00:51:25
by a by lobed mantle which gradually00:51:27
extends across the shell as the carry00:51:30
creeps along the reef00:51:31
[Music]00:51:34
the shells of various carry species are00:51:37
used as jewelry and in some primitive00:51:39
cultures indicate the rank of the wearer00:51:42
some shells have even been used00:51:44
historically as money00:51:47
traditionally carry shells have been00:51:49
sought-after by collectors due to their00:51:51
highly glossy finish and the huge00:51:54
variety of colors this species is the00:51:58
tiger Cowrie one of the largest and most00:52:01
common00:52:05
the fully extended mantel exhibits00:52:07
branching papillae seen here with a00:52:09
juvenile hinge a big shrimp in the00:52:11
vicinity00:52:12
[Music]00:52:15
this Arabian calorie at moving wall00:52:18
slithers past the spines in a sea urchin00:52:20
and into the shelter of the rocks00:52:23
[Music]00:52:46
some of the prettiest marine creatures00:52:49
are also some of the smallest like00:52:52
calories sea slugs are found in a huge00:52:54
variety of colors worldwide there are00:52:58
more than 3000 species they are blind so00:53:02
they touch taste and smell with two00:53:05
antennae like organs on the head known00:53:07
as reiner fors many of the most colorful00:53:11
varieties of sea slug on nudibranch s--00:53:14
the word nudibranch means naked gills00:53:18
referring to the branchial plume on00:53:20
their back through which they breathe00:53:24
many nudibranch feed on stinging00:53:26
creatures such as corals and hydroids00:53:29
a oullette nudibranch have the ability00:53:32
to store their prey stink in the sirata00:53:35
on their back and later discharge it in00:53:38
their own defense00:53:41
Rasputia YouTube ranks often exhibit00:53:44
trailing behavior whereby they follow00:53:46
each other top to tail00:53:48
it's thought this might ensure they can00:53:50
easily find each other when they are00:53:52
ready to mate nudibranch slay their eggs00:53:57
in a ribbon stuck to the reef like their00:54:01
bearers the egg mass is vary greatly in00:54:03
form and color and are often poisonous00:54:07
[Music]00:54:12
fill Adid nudibranch lack the external00:54:16
gill plumes of other families their00:54:18
gills are under the skirt of the mantle00:54:21
the mantle itself is covered with hard00:54:24
tubercles00:54:31
the coloration of oscillate phylidia00:54:34
always varies around a palette of gold00:54:36
black and white this is a very common00:54:40
combination of warning colors and00:54:42
advertises the slugs on palatability the00:54:46
varicose phyllidia has no known00:54:48
predators00:54:49
if stressed it releases a strong toxin00:54:55
at the other end of the scale in the00:54:58
category of mollusks is the fluted giant00:55:00
clam which burrows its hinge into the00:55:03
reef giant clams up by valves they00:55:07
siphon water through two holes00:55:09
extracting oxygen and plankton for00:55:12
respiration and feeding giant clams are00:55:21
often host to smaller marine creatures00:55:23
this small swimming crab finds shelter00:55:26
inside the clam shell as does this young00:55:31
spotfin lionfish in 2003 the Thailand00:55:41
authorities deliberately sank a Chinese00:55:43
fishing vessel off similan island number00:55:46
five in order to create an artificial00:55:48
reef the wreck later became commonly00:55:51
known as the tuna wreck just a few00:55:54
months after the sinking the wreck had00:55:56
already become home to quite a variety00:55:58
of marine life in particular shoals of00:56:01
tiny cardinal fish were already swarming00:56:04
in and around the wheelhouse cardinal00:56:08
fish also find shelter in this small00:56:11
wreck on rocky ice homerun00:56:15
many of the Andamans natural reefs are00:56:18
similarly cloaked in shoals of tiny fish00:56:21
these luminous Cardinal fish shelter00:56:24
amongst black Sun corals here at Kobe00:56:32
deny the whole reef appears to sway with00:56:35
life00:56:43
while a social aggregation of fishes is00:56:46
known as a shoal when they are more00:56:49
tightly organized and swim with00:56:50
coordinated movements they are known as00:56:53
a school the tendency of fishes to form00:56:58
schools is a natural defense mechanism00:57:00
each fish instinctively follows its00:57:03
neighbors movements very closely and the00:57:06
resulting congregation can be confusing00:57:08
for predators the sheer number of eyes00:57:12
in a large school makes it easier for00:57:14
the fish to spot predators it's all00:57:17
about strength in numbers00:57:20
schooling fishes tend to choose other00:57:22
fishes of similar size and appearance00:57:24
but not always the same species if a00:57:28
fish stands out it is more likely to be00:57:30
targeted this African pompano at shark00:57:35
cave made some half-hearted attempts at00:57:38
catching the schools of Fusilier and00:57:40
young Barracuda on this occasion it left00:57:46
empty mouth00:57:49
striped eel catfish such as these at00:57:52
Lucy's reef are invariably found in00:57:55
schools they forage for food in the day00:57:58
but are seen here resting at night big00:58:04
eye snappers can be seen schooling at00:58:06
Hin morgue enormous schools of these00:58:13
fish are a feature of many reefs00:58:16
[Music]00:58:31
blue stripe snappers form slightly00:58:33
smaller schools as do their cousins to00:58:40
spot banded snappers00:58:43
[Music]00:58:52
variable lined Fusiliers a common sight00:58:55
in the similans often gather in their00:58:58
thousands and more often than not00:59:00
they're all swimming in the same00:59:02
direction00:59:03
[Music]00:59:07
the Andaman Sea is home to several00:59:10
species of schooling Barracuda large00:59:14
schools of bigeye Barracuda are common00:59:16
at more inshore sites such as the rachet00:59:19
Islands00:59:20
[Music]00:59:24
at Blackrock the larger pic handle00:59:27
Barracuda with its distinctive yellow00:59:29
tail is a common sight00:59:35
[Music]00:59:37
at koh tachai and riche Leah rock you00:59:40
are more likely to find blackfin00:59:42
barracuda00:59:51
in the maguey archipelago the similar00:59:54
but smaller sawtooth barracuda is more00:59:57
common at Western rocky island the01:00:11
school sometimes forms a huge vortex01:00:15
[Music]01:00:31
like Barracuda dogtooth tuna prefer to01:00:35
socialize and hunt in numbers01:00:38
[Applause]01:00:44
of the trevally family it's most likely01:00:48
bigeye trevallies that form large01:00:50
schools in their search for small reef01:00:52
fishes again isolated out crops such as01:00:56
recently a rock and Blackrock provide01:00:58
the upwellings and currents that the01:01:00
trevally favored while forming schools01:01:16
can provide a degree of protection for01:01:18
some fishes others will take a more01:01:20
direct approach to survival in the01:01:24
depths of the Murguia archipelago pastel01:01:27
tile fish use their mouths to build01:01:29
enormous mounds of dead coral when01:01:32
approached the fish literally dive01:01:34
headfirst into the rubble01:01:38
[Music]01:01:48
this rare and highly pregnant dwarf01:01:51
whipray near the moon song rec is well01:01:54
disguised against the sand when the Ray01:01:57
is threatened a quick shuffle can make01:02:00
it almost disappear from view01:02:03
[Music]01:02:18
blue spotted stingray occasionally hide01:02:21
in a similar manner together with the01:02:25
sting on their tail and their01:02:27
considerable speed they have the tools01:02:29
they need to avoid attack01:02:32
[Music]01:02:45
if the natural camouflage of the day01:02:48
octopus fails it and it has another01:02:51
defensive weapon of its sleeve01:02:54
[Music]01:03:04
mimicry is another common defensive01:03:06
strategy the straight stick pipefish a01:03:09
relative of the seahorse resembles a sea01:03:12
whip waving in the current and hence01:03:15
remains largely unnoticed by predators01:03:17
this is known as passive camouflage01:03:29
this ornate ghost pipefish hangs head01:03:32
downwards mimicking the sea fan behind01:03:35
it01:03:37
[Music]01:03:43
the ghost pipefish is even able to01:03:45
change its body coloration to blend in01:03:48
perfectly with the environment01:03:51
[Music]01:03:56
[Music]01:04:07
this juvenile cheek line Drass blends in01:04:11
perfectly with the SI phan behind it01:04:15
[Music]01:04:19
at first sight that giant frogfish01:04:21
resembles a sponge it actually walks01:04:26
around the reef using its fins which01:04:28
have evolved into legs the skin01:04:33
coloration is adjusted to suit the01:04:36
surroundings frog fishes are a type of01:04:42
angler fish and have a very cunning01:04:44
technique for finding food their slender01:04:47
dorsal spine the illicium is waved01:04:50
around like a tiny fishing rod tasty01:04:54
bypasses attracted to the lure at the01:04:56
end of the elysium are engulfed by the01:04:58
huge mouth in a fraction of a second01:05:02
frog fishes sometimes use the same01:05:05
movement as a threat display when they01:05:07
have been detected01:05:08
[Music]01:05:14
the bearded scorpionfish also opens its01:05:18
mouth in a show of aggression if it is01:05:21
recognized or if it enters into a01:05:23
territorial dispute01:05:28
[Music]01:05:32
the bearded scorpionfish is a master of01:05:35
disguise it is an ambush predator and01:05:39
changes its color to blend in with the01:05:41
surrounding environment making it almost01:05:43
invisible to its prey01:05:46
[Music]01:05:48
besides the camouflage scorpion fishes01:05:51
have a formidable armoury of stinging01:05:53
spines along their fins for defense01:05:55
[Music]01:06:08
the devil scorpionfish sometimes known01:06:12
as a false stonefish camouflages itself01:06:14
in the same manner its skin is01:06:17
incredibly adaptable in color and01:06:19
texture01:06:28
but if it's disturbed enough that01:06:31
brightly colored underside of its01:06:32
pectoral fins can help deter attackers01:06:42
the stonefish possesses an unparalleled01:06:45
combination of disguise and toxicity its01:06:49
spines contain some of the deadliest01:06:51
venom of any fish and it lies motionless01:06:54
resembling a rock waiting to attack here01:06:58
on the Boone song wreck a honeycomb01:07:00
Morey barges past a stone fish that it01:07:03
appears not to notice the stone fish is01:07:06
strategy when not pouncing on prey is01:07:09
simply to play dead large Morrie's have01:07:12
been known to prey on stone fish in 199701:07:19
the king cruiser a passenger ferry sank01:07:22
between Phuket and pipi Island creating01:07:25
a brand-new artificial reef and a highly01:07:28
popular dive site in the intervening01:07:31
years she has become home to great01:07:33
numbers of another member of the01:07:35
scorpion fish family the red lionfish01:07:40
unlike its camouflaged cousins the01:07:43
lionfish makes little attempt to hide01:07:46
instead it flares out its fins when01:07:49
approached revealing an impressive array01:07:51
of stinging spines that would deter even01:07:54
the boldest of predators it's possible01:07:58
that some of these fish are a very01:08:00
similar species commonly known as devil01:08:03
fire fish whose distribution overlaps01:08:05
that of the red lionfish01:08:07
[Music]01:08:10
lionfish sometimes form small01:08:12
communities such as here at Richelieu01:08:15
Rock where as many as 10 can be found01:08:17
resting together01:08:19
[Music]01:08:26
the distinctive pectoral fins of the01:08:29
zebra lionfish are a delight for01:08:31
underwater photographers but a deterrent01:08:33
to predators01:08:34
[Music]01:08:45
riche lyric also hosts a small community01:08:48
of a slightly different species commonly01:08:51
known as the frill fin turkey fish01:08:54
[Music]01:09:08
the spotfin lionfish is a more common01:09:11
sight its fins are almost completely01:09:14
transparent01:09:16
[Music]01:09:25
the spines of the crown-of-thorns01:09:26
starfish contain a neurotoxin intended01:09:30
to cause paralysis01:09:35
they feed on stony corals and human01:09:39
intervention has been required in some01:09:41
parts of the world where these starfish01:09:43
threatened to destroy entire reef01:09:45
systems01:09:49
[Music]01:10:02
the sea urchin spines are not nearly so01:10:05
dangerous to humans but they are barbed01:10:08
and very fragile and the ends of the01:10:10
spines are designed to break off and01:10:12
remain in the flesh of any attacker01:10:16
[Music]01:10:17
between the spines the sea urchin has a01:10:20
bulb like anal cone through which it01:10:22
expels its feces some Cardinal fishes01:10:27
are small and careful enough to hide01:10:30
amongst the spines of the crown of01:10:31
thorns starfish or the sea urchin there01:10:34
by using the defense of the host to01:10:37
protect themselves this is known as a01:10:39
commensal relationship whereby one01:10:42
partner in the relationship benefits01:10:44
while the other received neither benefit01:10:47
nor harm01:10:49
it's a similar strategy adopted by01:10:52
anemone fishes they make their home in01:10:55
sea anemones the perfect refuge from01:10:57
predators their skin has a special01:11:00
immunity from the anemones stinging01:11:02
tentacles skunk clownfish tend to favor01:11:06
the Magnificent sea anemone clark's01:11:13
anemone fish are not so particular and01:11:15
find their home amongst a number of01:11:17
species of sea anemone01:11:25
[Music]01:11:37
this is a mutually beneficial01:11:39
relationship while the fish are01:11:42
protected their feces provide food for01:11:44
the anemone and they help keep it free01:11:46
of parasites they also chase away01:11:50
Pollock eaters such as butterflyfish01:11:52
--is thereby defending the anemone as01:11:55
well as their own family some even01:11:59
attempt to chase off passing divers01:12:01
[Music]01:12:04
juvenile clark's anemonefish are01:12:07
predominantly orange in color01:12:10
[Music]01:12:17
saddle anemone fish are not so prevalent01:12:20
and are commonly associated with01:12:22
bubble-tip anemone x' such as here at01:12:24
recently iraq01:12:26
[Music]01:12:35
juveniles display a white stripe01:12:37
reminiscent of other adult species01:12:39
[Music]01:12:43
anyone who has seen the film Finding01:12:45
Nemo will already be familiar with01:12:48
ocellaris clownfish01:12:50
they are normally found living amongst01:12:52
magnificent sea anemones01:12:55
typically an anemone hosts a dominant01:12:58
female matriarch and her male mate as01:13:00
well as one or more juvenile anemone01:13:03
fish when the female dies the male01:13:06
transforms into a female and the01:13:08
highest-ranking adolescent is promoted01:13:11
to be her mate01:13:15
due to abnormally warm sea conditions01:13:18
this anemone has lost the symbiotic zoos01:13:21
and their light that given its color and01:13:24
may or may not recover other types of01:13:28
fish have also evolved a resistance to01:13:31
the sea anemones sting juvenile Domino01:13:34
damsels are often seen around sea01:13:37
anemones competition with anemone fishes01:13:40
as well as with each other can be fierce01:13:42
and incessant as adults they are one of01:13:45
the most aggressive fish on the reef for01:13:47
their size and become less reliant on01:13:50
anemones for protection another creature01:13:55
that uses the anemone to protect itself01:13:57
is the porcelain anemone crab at the end01:14:01
of the crabs third maxilla pet is a fan01:14:04
of bristles known as seat a which the01:14:06
crab holds against the current to filter01:14:08
plankton from the water any collected01:14:15
food is scraped into the mouth by01:14:17
smaller CJ on the innermost maxilla meds01:14:21
[Music]01:14:39
tube anemones are often seen in01:14:42
isolation on the seabed01:14:43
[Music]01:14:49
this tube anemones stinging tentacles01:14:52
provide protection for a magnificent01:14:55
shrimp as well as foreign aid worms01:14:57
which cover the tube a pair of white01:15:03
cheek monocle bream pass by01:15:14
jellyfishes of course are well known for01:15:16
their sting and often attract01:15:18
hitchhikers such as small sardines the01:15:22
small fishes remain in the vicinity of01:15:24
the jellyfish sometimes for their whole01:15:26
lives when attacked they find protection01:15:30
under the jellyfish's bell or even right01:15:33
inside passed in stinging tentacles01:15:37
these hitchhikers sheltering in a01:15:40
crowned jellyfish and this rise a stone01:15:45
jellyfish is harboring juveniles cat01:15:49
oldest cat changed from hunted to hunter01:15:57
[Music]01:16:04
the jellyfish's sting is no guarantee of01:16:07
its own survival this Australian spotted01:16:10
jellyfish and rachie a comes under01:16:13
attack from a scrawled filefish once the01:16:17
jellyfish has lost its defenses a01:16:19
free-for-all invariably in shoes rainbow01:16:22
runners start by but this feeding frenzy01:16:24
like many others is led by Street spying01:16:28
foots [Music]01:16:30
although the opportunistic spine foots01:16:32
have a taste for jelly fishes they are01:16:35
normally herbivores here they join a01:16:38
shoal of Singapore parrotfish in search01:16:40
of food the top of the reef is covered01:16:43
in a layer of nutritious algae which the01:16:46
Marauders devour on mass01:16:49
[Music]01:16:56
[Music]01:17:02
here at East of Eden bluefin trevally01:17:05
team up with gold subtle goat fish to01:17:08
hunt the reef for small fishes01:17:09
[Music]01:17:31
small tooth emperors join the gang to01:17:34
the Emperor's skin takes on dark01:17:36
blotches while feeding01:17:38
but soon fades to a neutral color when01:17:40
the fish resumes swimming01:17:43
[Music]01:17:51
at ratch annoy this school of mullet01:17:54
makes an impressive sight in rapid time01:17:57
the fish scoops a mouthful of sand from01:18:00
the seabed filters out edible organic01:18:03
matter and then spits out the unwanted01:18:05
sand01:18:09
the defensive tactics of titan01:18:12
triggerfish when protecting their nest01:18:14
have won the respect of many divers when01:18:18
feeding they can be an impressive sight01:18:19
to their powerful jaws enabling them to01:18:22
tackle even large chunks of stony coral01:18:28
on the wonderful plateau south of koh01:18:31
tachai this triggerfish is feeding has01:18:34
attracted an array of hangers-on that01:18:36
would do any aquarium proud01:18:38
everything from tangs to moorish idols01:18:41
joins the throng hoping to pick up some01:18:44
of the triggers fishy scraps will find01:18:46
some food for themselves01:18:48
[Music]01:18:54
the discovery of this broken muscle at01:18:57
anemone reef has sparked another feeding01:18:59
frenzy and the similar variety of reef01:19:02
fishes gets involved in the scrap01:19:04
[Music]01:19:15
black-spotted puffer 'he's often standby01:19:18
at such gatherings their lack of agility01:19:20
and awkward shape put them at a01:19:23
disadvantage to other fishes here at01:19:31
recently a rock however this black01:19:33
spotted puffer has less competition and01:19:35
pecks away at the base of a small01:19:37
anemone while avoiding its sting01:19:39
the pufferfish retracts its lips as it01:19:42
bites so only its bony beak makes01:19:44
contact trumpet fish often ride above a01:19:52
larger host such as this porcupine fish01:19:55
allowing them to sneak up on small prey01:19:57
such as damsel fishes that are not01:20:00
preyed upon by the larger host itself01:20:02
[Music]01:20:06
Trumpy fish sometimes craftily conceal01:20:09
themselves within a school of fish such01:20:11
as these yellowfin goatfish the trumpet01:20:15
fish is much faster than the goat fish01:20:17
and can lunge out of the school to catch01:20:20
unsuspecting prey and its secrets are01:20:33
one of the most venomous creatures on01:20:35
the planet but they are little danger to01:20:37
divers their mouths are tiny and while01:20:40
underwater they are prepossessed with01:20:42
hunting for their natural prey of eels01:20:45
and fishes01:20:46
[Music]01:21:09
the tail has evolved into a flat paddle01:21:12
which the snake uses to propel itself01:21:14
through the water01:21:15
[Music]01:21:28
although superbly adapted to life01:21:31
underwater the secret is still an01:21:34
air-breathing reptile and it will01:21:36
surface to breathe every few minutes01:21:38
[Music]01:21:43
a Hawksbill turtle also takes the breath01:21:49
of air at the surface and then makes its01:21:52
way back to the seabed in search of food01:21:54
in the Andaman the Hawksbill turtle is01:21:58
the most common of these ancient01:21:59
reptiles01:22:01
[Music]01:22:30
[Music]01:22:46
hawksbill turtles have a wide-ranging01:22:49
diet that includes cnidarians such as01:22:52
these hammer coral polyps and this01:22:57
jellyfish01:23:04
sadly they can be quite indiscriminate01:23:07
in their eating habits and are easily01:23:08
poisoned by eating plastic bottles and01:23:11
other man-made debris this turtle01:23:15
appears to mistake my camera lens for01:23:17
food01:23:18
[Music]01:23:25
whereas the Hawksbill turtle has two01:23:28
pairs of plates between its eyes the01:23:31
green turtle has just a single pair and01:23:33
are less pronounced beak01:23:35
[Music]01:23:48
at Donald Duck Bay one or two green01:23:50
turtles often hang around moored boats01:23:53
in search of food with care they can be01:23:56
fed by hand01:24:01
[Music]01:24:08
[Music]01:24:51
[Applause]01:24:53
[Music]01:25:07
Harlequin shrimps have very interesting01:25:09
eating habits working in pairs the01:25:13
shrimp to take on sea stars many times01:25:15
their size over a period of days the01:25:20
shrimp systematically sever and eat the01:25:22
sea stars legs they must be decisive01:25:26
however because the sea star will01:25:28
reattach its legs given a chance01:25:31
the sea star can also regenerate its01:25:34
legs so the shrimp's leave the central01:25:36
disc that contains its vital organs so01:25:39
that they have a chance to feed on the01:25:41
same individual again in the future01:25:45
the shrimp feed exclusively on sea stars01:25:48
and cannot live without them this is01:25:51
known as obligate predation by turning01:25:55
the sea star over it is less likely to01:25:58
escape and the shrimp's have access to01:26:00
its soft underside for such a small01:26:03
creature the shrimp's have remarkable01:26:05
strength the larger peacock mantis01:26:12
shrimp does things in a different way01:26:14
two of its claws have evolved into red01:26:17
and white clubs that the shrimp uses to01:26:20
smash or stun prey these formidable01:26:23
weapons are effectively spring-loaded01:26:25
when the shrimp deploys them they strike01:26:28
their target at a velocity of some 2301:26:31
meters per second and the sound can be01:26:34
heard some distance away underwater01:26:37
amongst aquarists they have earned the01:26:40
nickname thumb splitter and have even01:26:42
been known to smash the glass of01:26:44
aquariums when presumably the shrimp01:26:46
mistook its reflection for a competitor01:26:49
this shrimp is trying to smash an oyster01:26:52
but occasionally stops it to work to01:26:54
give us a colorful threat display01:26:57
[Music]01:27:07
[Music]01:27:12
partnerships are a very important aspect01:27:14
of the reef ecosystem skunk cleaner01:27:18
shrimps are often found in the presence01:27:20
of giant morays the shrimp scours the01:27:23
host for parasites so the shrimp keeps01:27:26
itself fed while a Moray keeps itself01:27:28
clean and healthy such mutualism between01:27:32
marine creatures is a key element of01:27:34
survival01:27:35
[Music]01:27:47
given the opportunity the shrimps will01:27:50
even clean a divers teeth here at coban01:27:58
we see a similar example of symbiosis01:28:02
variable lined Fusiliers gather to get a01:28:05
valet from a pair of Blue Streak cleaner01:28:07
wrasse the bold longitudinal stripes of01:28:11
the cleaner us enable fishes to easily01:28:13
recognize it as their friend this starry01:28:18
puffer opens its Gill wide to afford01:28:21
maximum access to a pair of cleaner01:28:23
wrasse cleaner wrasse operate out of01:28:28
recognized cleaning stations specific01:28:31
locations where fishes go to be cleaned01:28:33
and not to feed the bad fish at koh01:28:37
tachai01:28:38
know they can rely on the attentions of01:28:40
blue street cleaner wrasse the less01:28:43
common bicolor cleaner wrasse also01:28:45
operates here without this cleaning01:28:49
service the host fish may quickly become01:28:52
diseased even the fearsome giant Moray01:28:57
has entered into this silent contract01:29:01
[Music]01:29:07
[Music]01:29:08
however the cleaners attentions are not01:29:10
always welcome this honeycomb Mori seems01:29:14
particularly irritated by the presence01:29:16
of a cleaner shrimp and this black01:29:29
spotted puffer is so annoyed by these01:29:31
cleaner wrasse that his even starts to01:29:33
inflate a reflux normally reserved for01:29:36
times of great danger the false cleaner01:29:43
fish is a blenny which is cunningly01:29:45
evolved to closely resemble the cleaner01:29:47
wrasse it actually feeds on the flesh in01:29:50
its hosts this cuttlefish seems to get a01:29:54
lot more than it bargained for when it01:29:56
receives a nasty nip on the eye01:29:59
[Music]01:30:07
large fishes such as this zebra shark01:30:10
often find themselves with company in01:30:12
the form of a sharksucker otherwise01:30:14
known as a Remora the remoras dorsal fin01:30:18
has evolved into a sucker that it uses01:30:20
to attach itself to its host as well as01:30:24
hitching a free ride the shark sucker01:30:26
picks up scraps that its host leaves01:30:28
when feeding large pelagic fishes such01:30:38
as whale sharks can play host to great01:30:40
numbers of shark suckers01:30:42
the Sharks are kolaks the swim bladder01:30:45
that other fish is used to control their01:30:47
buoyancy and so it needs its host to01:30:49
survive shark suckers do their part by01:30:53
cleaning small parasites such as isopods01:30:56
from the hosts skin01:31:00
shark suckers will attach themselves to01:31:03
just about any moving object01:31:04
significantly larger than themselves01:31:07
for example porcupine fishes01:31:10
[Music]01:31:13
and parrot fishes01:31:18
even divers sometimes find themselves01:31:20
playing host01:31:22
[Music]01:31:38
another fish that likes the slipstream01:31:41
of a much larger host is the cobia the01:31:45
sight of a cobia almost always indicates01:31:47
that something much larger is close by01:31:50
Koby is feed on the feces of their host01:31:53
manta rays and whale sharks are01:31:56
particular favorites01:31:59
[Music]01:32:04
[Laughter]01:32:08
[Music]01:32:12
Scholz of blotched fantail rays can01:32:15
attract hundreds of Kobe's01:32:18
[Music]01:32:37
this gray reef shark has a cobia and a01:32:40
sharksucker the company01:32:43
[Music]01:32:47
but this gray reef shark is being01:32:50
tracked by rainbow runners not Kobe's at01:32:53
first sight it might seem they are01:32:55
behaving in the same way but actually01:32:57
the rainbow runners motive is different01:32:59
they rub themselves against the Sharks01:33:02
rough skin in order to remove algae and01:33:04
parasites from their own bodies white01:33:08
tip reef sharks sometimes get the same01:33:10
treatment01:33:20
these rainbow runners are cleaning01:33:23
themselves against a free swimming01:33:25
Hawksbill turtle as it returns from01:33:27
breathing at the surface01:33:29
[Laughter]01:33:31
[Music]01:33:39
feather-duster worms are routed01:33:41
statically to the reef and feed by01:33:43
filtering plankton from the water with01:33:45
their tentacles and passing it into the01:33:48
central mouth colorful Christmas tree01:33:54
worms embed themselves into porous stony01:33:57
corals such as this lobe coral they are01:34:00
highly sensitive to disturbances at the01:34:03
slightest sign of danger the worm01:34:06
retracts into the coral and seals the01:34:08
opening01:34:09
[Music]01:34:20
when they feel the coast is clear01:34:22
the worms re-emerge in their full glory01:34:26
[Music]01:34:39
this interesting echinoderm01:34:42
is known as a large burrowing sea01:34:44
cucumber it routes itself into the01:34:48
substrate and holds its outer tentacles01:34:50
in the current when it has captured01:34:58
sufficient plankton the tentacles reach01:35:00
down towards the center allowing the01:35:03
smaller inner tentacles to scoop the01:35:05
food into the mouth01:35:10
[Music]01:35:26
the grape sea cucumber is very common at01:35:30
shallow depths in the Andaman its mouth01:35:33
contains 25 adhesive black tentacles01:35:36
which it uses to walk over the reef and01:35:39
to pick up food from the substrate this01:35:56
one even attached itself to my camera01:35:58
lens01:36:03
[Music]01:36:11
the mouth of the amber fish sea cucumber01:36:15
contains 18 tentacles and is underneath01:36:18
the body after digesting what it can01:36:25
from the material it has ingested from01:36:27
the seabed the waste products are01:36:29
expelled at the anus01:36:33
[Music]01:36:37
but the anus not only serves this01:36:40
purpose it is also how the cucumber01:36:43
breathes by sucking water in and out01:36:46
[Music]01:36:56
the grape sea cucumber breeds by01:37:00
releasing sperm or eggs collectively01:37:02
known as gametes into the water it waits01:37:05
until a conditions such as current and01:37:07
water temperature are right then rises01:37:10
up off the substrate into the current to01:37:12
give its gametes the best chance of a01:37:14
successful fertilization with those of01:37:16
an unknown mate this phenomenon of01:37:19
broadcast spawning is not unique to sea01:37:22
cucumbers it is common among many reef01:37:25
creatures here a pizza anemone releases01:37:28
its gametes at night01:37:42
over a breeding period that lasts some01:37:45
weeks boy stirs release their gametes01:37:47
into the water only a tiny fraction of01:37:51
the eggs become fertilized and an01:37:54
equally small number of the resulting01:37:56
larvae survived to adulthood so the01:37:59
oysters release literally litres of01:38:01
gametes to ensure the species survival01:38:06
[Music]01:38:19
one of the most intelligent and01:38:21
fascinating creatures found around the01:38:23
reefs of the Andaman Sea is the Pharaoh01:38:26
cuttlefish seen here snatching prey with01:38:29
its long feeding tentacle01:38:32
[Music]01:38:36
many a-time cuttlefishes are found in01:38:39
courtship in shallow water01:38:44
[Music]01:38:51
cuttlefishes copulate face-to-face using01:38:55
their 10 tentacles to embrace the male01:38:58
cuttlefish passes spermatophores into a01:39:01
pouch beneath the females mouth he may01:39:04
first use a jet of water to flush out01:39:07
the spermatophores of any previous mates01:39:11
the couple are so engrossed in the01:39:13
mating process that they seem oblivious01:39:15
to all around them and they allow divers01:39:18
to approach very closely after01:39:23
copulation the female seeks a suitable01:39:25
crevice in the rocks or coral and she01:39:28
passes her eggs over the sperm and into01:39:30
it if fertilization was successful the01:39:34
eggs will hatch around nineteen days01:39:36
later the failure rate is high however01:39:39
and sometimes the cuttlefish is aim is01:39:42
not too accurate01:39:44
[Music]01:39:48
the mail is extremely protective over01:39:51
his female mates after copulation he01:39:54
will attempt to warn competitive males01:39:56
away with a striped coloration and by01:39:59
raising his median tentacles but01:40:05
occasionally a confrontation is01:40:07
inevitable01:40:08
[Music]01:40:14
the bigfin reef squid mating process is01:40:18
similar to that of the cuttlefish here01:40:20
we get a rare glimpse of a male01:40:22
escorting a female as she deposits her01:40:25
eggs the squid can change color rapidly01:40:29
to communicate and to display emotion at01:40:37
Western rocky island this male de01:40:40
octopus is doing everything it can to01:40:42
appear strong by standing tall and using01:40:45
skin texture and color01:40:50
the octopus suddenly starts digging01:41:05
finally he unearths another octopus from01:41:07
its shelter it's difficult to be certain01:41:10
whether this is a territorial dispute01:41:12
between the two octopuses or the01:41:15
aggressive mating behavior of a01:41:17
determined male in pursuit of a female01:41:21
the presence of divers momentarily01:41:23
deters the aggressor and he dives for01:41:26
cover but his instincts get the better01:41:32
of him and he takes off in pursuit a01:41:41
tussle and shoes01:41:48
[Music]01:41:53
the victim finally escapes damsel fishes01:42:03
will aggressively defend their territory01:42:05
particularly when they are guarding01:42:07
their eggs this day octopus appears to01:42:10
have strayed onto this Domino damsels01:42:12
patch and feels the full effect of its01:42:15
displeasure01:42:20
[Music]01:42:26
the octopus tries to protect its head01:42:29
but short of leaving the area entirely01:42:31
it seems there as little it can do to01:42:34
escape the persistent pecking of the01:42:36
damsel01:42:37
[Music]01:42:57
as air supplies run low01:42:59
the divers make their way slowly back to01:43:02
the surface as the boat makes its way to01:43:23
the evenings mooring a pod of rough01:43:26
toothed dolphins cruises in the bow wave01:43:38
a typical Andaman sunset signals the end01:43:42
of daylight but by night the reef is01:43:45
still alive a dive under cover of01:43:51
darkness provide an entirely different01:43:54
experience for a curious diver01:44:08
ellone bigfin reef squid is on the move01:44:13
[Music]01:44:21
this one is feasting on an indo-pacific01:44:24
sergeant01:44:26
[Music]01:44:37
a cuttlefish has also struck lucky but01:44:42
its spine foot prey continues to01:44:44
struggle01:44:45
[Music]01:44:53
[Applause]01:44:59
moon jellyfish drift by in the current01:45:03
[Music]01:45:14
a great barracuda one of the key01:45:17
predators on the reef cruises past01:45:20
[Music]01:45:23
a cup corals pretty polyps are extended01:45:27
[Music]01:45:38
amongst a group of lionfish this01:45:41
honeycomb Mori pounces on a gold band01:45:43
fuse earlier and swallows it whole many01:45:50
reef fishes however including the black01:45:52
spotted puffer use the night time to01:45:55
sleep a spotted sharp nose puffer takes01:46:03
rest on the reef01:46:04
[Music]01:46:17
mber parrotfish01:46:19
are a favorite target of sharks and01:46:21
sleep under ledges where they are01:46:23
difficult to get at01:46:26
[Music]01:46:37
aside from electro detection sharks you01:46:40
smell to detect prey to guard against01:46:43
this and attacks from other predators01:46:45
such as large morays parrot fishes often01:46:48
surround themselves in a scent proof01:46:51
cocoon of secreted mucus01:46:53
[Music]01:46:58
as a diver it's very difficult to01:47:02
observe fishes by night without01:47:03
disturbing them many reef fishes are01:47:06
naturally confused and disorientated by01:47:09
divers lights01:47:11
[Music]01:47:20
[Music]01:47:34
[Music]01:47:52
this blue triggerfish shows its01:47:54
agitation by raising its dorsal trigger01:48:00
[Music]01:48:02
ornate ghost pipefish are amongst the01:48:05
most confused by the apparent early01:48:07
appearance of daylight01:48:10
[Music]01:48:18
banded coral shrimp however seem to01:48:21
enjoy the presence of divers the extra01:48:24
light draws in microorganisms and the01:48:27
shrimp's take advantage plucking food01:48:29
from the water01:48:31
[Music]01:48:50
this large snapper is tended to by a01:48:52
cleaner shrimp while it rests01:48:54
[Music]01:49:04
as is this fimbriated moray01:49:07
[Music]01:49:29
space is at a premium on the reef and01:49:32
this fimbriated moray finds itself01:49:35
sharing its habitat with a variable coal01:49:37
crab crabs hide deep within the reef01:49:41
during the day and a hardly seen but at01:49:44
night they are highly active females01:49:51
carry their eggs under their apron for a01:49:53
few months while the embryos developed01:49:57
this splendid round crab is ready to01:50:01
release her brood and begins pumping her01:50:03
lower body thousands of tiny larvae are01:50:09
released and drift away in the current01:50:11
[Music]01:50:19
this crucifix crap tries to appear as01:50:22
large and intimidating as possible by01:50:25
spreading its claws an attempt to escape01:50:28
our attentions not by swimming but by01:50:31
the more conventional sideways shuffle01:50:33
[Music]01:50:37
tiny bullcrap scroll around reefs by01:50:40
night and often attach themselves to see01:50:46
fans01:50:50
[Music]01:50:54
flat rock crabs hiding crevices in the01:50:57
reef01:51:01
swimming crabs are here too01:51:03
[Music]01:51:05
they strongly defend their territory01:51:07
against competitors such as this passing01:51:10
common decorator crab01:51:12
[Music]01:51:21
[Music]01:51:23
this species grows large claws which can01:51:26
dwarf its small carapace they decorate01:51:32
themselves with other marine organisms01:51:33
for camouflage and defense this one01:51:37
protects itself with stinging hydroids01:51:39
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the horrid elbow crab becomes completely01:51:45
encrusted with growth many crabs can01:51:50
voluntarily shed a claw during conflict01:51:52
but they can regenerate the missing limb01:51:55
when they next mold their shell01:51:57
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Spyder decorator crabs01:52:06
cover themselves with small pieces of01:52:07
sponge and other organisms allowing them01:52:10
to perfectly blend in with the reef01:52:13
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the sponges continued to grow while on01:52:20
the crab thereby gradually increasing01:52:22
the camouflage the sponge crap attempts01:52:33
to hide by carrying a large sponge01:52:35
around with its rear most legs when01:52:40
discovered it can take drastic action to01:52:43
escape01:52:45
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hermit crabs adopt a completely01:52:59
different strategy to self-protection01:53:01
the crabs themselves don't have a hard01:53:04
carapace like other crustaceans instead01:53:07
the crab uses an empty snail shell01:53:09
to protect its soft abdomen the fourth01:53:12
and fifth pairs of legs are reduced in01:53:15
size and remain inside the shell while01:53:18
long eyestalks01:53:19
enable the crab to peer out hermit crabs01:53:26
literally carry their homes around the01:53:28
reef on their backs as the crab grow01:53:32
they look for larger shells to move to01:53:34
and the crab is not always so expert at01:53:37
judging the size of its home01:53:39
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this appears to be a territorial dispute01:53:52
between two anemone hermit crabs this01:53:55
species carries live sea anemones on its01:53:58
shell the stinging tentacles of the01:54:01
anemones provide additional protection01:54:03
for the crab the anemones benefit to01:54:06
mobility gives them a wide variety of01:54:09
feeding opportunities01:54:13
when the crab upgrades to a larger shell01:54:16
it takes the anemones with it01:54:18
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by day the naked basket star rest01:54:26
although it's wriggling arms are a01:54:28
massive activity by night the arms01:54:35
extend to filter plankton from the water01:54:38
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like other stars the basket star is able01:54:58
to move around the reef01:55:02
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time limits are up lantern batteries are01:55:09
fading and it's time to call an end to01:55:11
diving from the widest manta ray to the01:55:15
slimmest pipefish the brightest01:55:18
clownfish to the stealthiest stone fish01:55:21
the Andaman Sea has truly shown us the01:55:24
sheer diversity of living wonders that01:55:27
inhabit its reefs01:55:30
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you01:56:13
[Music]Description:
"Reef Life of the Andaman" is a documentary of the marine life of Thailand and Burma (Myanmar). It is available on DVD at https://www.amazon.com/shop/bubblevision Scuba diving more than 1000 times from the coral reefs and underwater pinnacles of Thailand's Similan Islands, Phuket, Phi Phi Island and Hin Daeng, to Myanmar's Mergui Archipelago and Burma Banks, I encountered everything from manta rays to seahorses, whale sharks to shipwrecks. The 116-minute film features descriptions of 213 different marine species including more than 100 tropical fish, along with sharks, rays, moray eels, crabs, lobsters, shrimps, sea slugs, cuttlefish, squid, octopus, turtles, sea snakes, starfish, sea cucumbers, corals, worms etc.. This marine biology documentary provides an overview of Indian Ocean aquatic life. Marine life & underwater subjects featured in the film: 0:00:00 - Introduction 0:01:42 - Underwater caves 0:02:18 - Corals and anemones ELASMOBRANCHS - SHARKS 0:03:37 - Carpet sharks (zebra sharks / leopard sharks and nurse sharks) 0:06:45 - Whale sharks 0:11:26 - Requiem sharks (grey reef sharks, silvertip sharks, whitetip reef sharks) RAYS 0:13:44 - Stingrays 0:17:05 - Eagle rays & devil rays / mobulas 0:18:48 - Manta rays REEF FISHES 0:21:24 - Moray eels 0:25:50 - Seahorse 0:27:12 - Cornetfish & trumpetfish 0:28:50 - Batfish (spadefish) 0:30:09 - Angelfish 0:31:34 - Butterflyfish 0:32:41 - Bannerfish 0:33:30 - Moorish idol 0:33:56 - Surgeonfish (tang) & unicornfish 0:34:42 - Bigeye 0:35:10 - Emperor Snapper 0:35:26 - Sweetlips 0:36:05 - Grouper (rockcod) 0:38:24 - Humphead wrasse 0:38:52 - Green humphead parrotfish 0:39:38 - Barracuda 0:40:37 - Trevally (jacks) 0:41:21 - Pufferfish 0:42:32 - Boxfish 0:44:28 - Porcupinefish 0:46:10 - Scrawled filefish 0:46:33 - Triggerfish CRUSTACEANS 0:48:23 - Spiny lobster 0:49:35 - Shrimps 0:50:39 - Red-legged swimming crab MOLLUSCS - GASTROPODS 0:51:13 - Cowries 0:52:46 - Sea slugs / nudibranchs BIVALVES 0:54:55 - Fluted giant clam 0:55:38 - Tuna Wreck - Similan Islands 0:56:00 - Schooling fish - Cardinalfish 0:56:56 - Hardyhead silversides 0:57:15 - Fusilier 0:57:45 - African pompano 0:57:49 - Striped eel catfish 0:58:02 - Schooling snapper 0:59:08 - Schooling barracuda 1:00:30 - Dogtooth tuna 1:00:45 - Bigeye trevally HIDING 1:01:15 - Pastel Tilefish 1:01:49 - Stingrays in sand 1:02:43 - Octopus ink CAMOUFLAGE - MIMICRY 1:03:03 - Straightstick pipefish 1:03:28 - Ornate ghost pipefish 1:04:19 - Giant frogfish 1:05:14 - Scorpionfish 1:06:42 - Stonefish 1:07:17 - King Cruiser shipwreck VENOMOUS SPINES 1:07:29 - Lionfish 1:09:25 - Crown-of-thorns starfish 1:10:00 - Sea urchin SYMBIOSIS 1:10:26 - Sea urchin cardinalfish 1:10:49 - Anemonefish / Clownfish / Sea anemones 1:13:53 - Porcelain anemone crab 1:14:39 - Tube anemone 1:15:13 - Rhizostome jellyfish 1:16:09 - Fishes feeding 1:16:16 - Streaked spinefoot 1:16:31 - Parrotfish 1:17:02 - Goatfish 1:17:10 - Bluefin trevally 1:17:29 - Smalltooth emperor 1:17:51 - Fringelip mullet REPTILES 1:20:26 - Banded sea krait (sea snake) 1:21:46 - Pacific Hawksbill turtle 1:23:26 - Green turtle SHRIMPS 1:25:05 - Harlequin shrimp 1:26:09 - Peacock mantis shrimp CLEANING 1:27:08 - Skunk cleaner shrimp 1:27:57 - Cleaner wrasse 1:29:07 - Rock cleaner shrimp 1:29:27 - False cleanerfish 1:30:07 - Remora / live sharksucker 1:31:38 - Cobia 1:32:47 - Rainbow runner POLYCHAETE WORMS 1:33:38 - Feather duster worm 1:33:43 - Hard tube coco worm 1:33:53 - Christmas tree worm 1:34:39 - Sea cucumber SEX 1:36:54 - Broadcast spawning 1:37:42 - Oyster 1:38:19 - Pharaoh cuttlefish mating 1:40:15 - Bigfin reef squid 1:40:36 - Day octopus fighting 1:43:25 - Rough-toothed dolphin 1:43:48 - Night diving 1:49:38 - Crabs at night 1:52:56 - Hermit crab 1:54:22 - Basket stars MUSIC CREDITS: Prickly Shark, Black Corals, Jewel Squid by Erik Verkoyen Freefall Into The Blue, Buoyancy, Tai Long Wan, Andaman Resonance, Hidden Depths, Similan Sunrise, The Cool Of The Forest by Mark Ellison Blood Wine by Condor e (Velvet Night Album) Dream And You Will Fly by Menno Hoomans (http://twitter.com/mhoomans - Remastered version: https://www.soundclick.com/music/songInfo.cfm?songID=2988430) Just Walk Away by Adam Fielding (http://adamfielding.com) Deep Blue, Starbeam by Toao (SOILSOUND Music Publishing LLC) (http://soilsound.com) Space Frigate by Smashed Toy (https://soundclick.com/smashedtoy) Deliberate Thought, Modern Vibes by Kevin MacLeod (http://incompetech.com) Pattern Errors by Coded Bird's Song (Edit) by Absorb Fish (https://soundcloud.com/absorb-fish Thanks to Santana Diving of Phuket (http://www.santanaphuket.com), to Rob Royle for a few of the clips, to Elfi and Uli Erfort and Daniel Bruehwiler for help with the German translation, and to Frank Nelissen for the Dutch subtitles. https://www.bubblevision.com/ https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser
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