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Вступление

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Крымское ханство: когда не хватает легитимности

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Персия: игра престолов

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Пенджаб: непредвиденные последствия реформ

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Египет: почти успех

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Кто такой УИНСТОН ЧЕРЧИЛЛЬ? (биография // Redroom)

Кто такой УИНСТОН ЧЕРЧИЛЛЬ? (биография // Redroom)

Channel: Redroom

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революция мейдзи

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история модернизации

19 век

XIX век

история нового времени

реформы

история реформ

крымское ханство

персия

пенджаб

египет

мохаммед али

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00:00:03

in a matter of decades, Japan

00:00:06

turned from an absolutely medieval

00:00:08

state living according to feudal

00:00:10

laws and wolf quotes from a society

00:00:13

where feudal lords behind the walls of elegant castles

00:00:15

watched rice pickers bend their backs

00:00:18

from the world of a strict hierarchy of

00:00:20

traditional orders into a

00:00:22

Europeanized power capable of

00:00:25

colonizing its neighbors, building

00:00:28

railways, wearing top hats and uniforms and

00:00:30

very, very little later he makes the

00:00:33

best video games in the world. This coup

00:00:36

is called a revolution

00:00:38

and we won’t talk about it today

00:00:42

[music]

00:00:44

Hello everyone, Egor Zyryanov, you are on the

00:00:46

redrum channel where we talk about the dead and

00:00:47

the dead about history and today we will

00:00:50

talk about attempts other eastern and

00:00:53

not-so-eastern countries to

00:00:54

Westernize, modernize and

00:00:57

find a better life according to the Western

00:01:00

model and it will be, firstly, very

00:01:03

interesting and secondly, very fun because

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it will be a story of failures

00:01:12

when there is not enough legitimacy The Crimean

00:01:16

Khanate Shahin Girey Padishah of the Great Horde of

00:01:19

Crimea Nogais Mountain Circassians Tatov

00:01:21

Gdezhd and Kipchak and all Tatars

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1777-1783 in 1774, after the next

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Russian-Turkish war, Crimea became an

00:01:33

independent state, ending the

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300-year history of Ottoman

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authority, the strategic fortresses of Kerch

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and inikale became Russian military bases, and

00:01:43

a certain Shahin Girey ascended to the Crimean throne, who

00:01:45

in time defected to the Russian

00:01:47

side in the last war. This was a

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tactical career decision and was

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the basis of his legitimacy. He

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was a unique man. He was born in 1745 in

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Turkish Edirne and, by the way,

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received a very good education in Venice. He

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traveled throughout most of Europe and

00:02:05

spoke fluently, in addition to his native

00:02:06

Crimean Tatar, French

00:02:07

Italian Russian Turkish and Greek

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and like any person who

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travels for a long time as tourists, so your

00:02:14

first world began to sincerely consider himself an

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enlightened European. Hans proudly

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wore a green Russian uniform and even

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asked Catherine II to give him the officer

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rank of the Russian army. He also decided

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to reform in the spirit of enlightened

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absolutism, choosing as the idol of

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Peter 1 and wanting to act just as

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radically, he went so far in this cosplay

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that he even moved

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the capital of Crimea from Bakhchisarai to Feodosia

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Cafe, the same thing in order to set a firm foot on

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the sea and Yes, to build the Great

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Tatar Fleet Well, as you will see more than

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once the main reforms on the path to

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civilization and enlightenment

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begins with changes in the institution whose

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main area of activity is

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violence. Yes, we can say that this is the rule,

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almost any such modernization

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begins with the creation of a new regular

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army. And for this, Shaheen Gray relied on the

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experience of the most advanced European countries of

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Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian

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Commonwealth. weak without harnesses the new

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Crimean army had to

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comply with all the main trends of

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military science the most modern weapons

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uniforms purchased directly from the

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Russian Empire formation by

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recruiting But it turned out that the

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Crimean Tatars somehow getting into the army as

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recruits were not too happy about the

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newfangled men and stick discipline they were

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not so happy that already

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six months after the start of the collection of the new army in

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1777, the first rebellion occurred which

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had to be crushed by the military forces, there

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was also one sudden local

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cultural circumstance. The fact is that the

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proud descendants of Genghis Khan did not want

00:03:58

to serve in the infantry only on horseback, so

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two of Kolya’s hussar regiments managed to

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scrape together But only one of the Infantry came out;

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as a result, they even had to take the

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path of recruiting Volunteers instead of recruits.

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Well, the guys who could

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be called

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adventurers went there, and frankly speaking,

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almost all of them were criminals,

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which, as you understand,

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did not have a good effect on the image of the army. Shahin Giray was a

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secular man, therefore,

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like again Peter the Great, he tried to do something

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with the Islamic clergy.

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Despite the fact that Crimean Muslims

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continued to recognize the Ottoman Sultan as

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caliph, he himself advocated the separation of

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Crimea from the spiritual subordination of

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Constantinople, creating for this purpose a

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special spiritual administration

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subordinate, of course, to him personally

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at the same time, he limited the feudal

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possessions of the clergy And zakat

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donations in favor of swords generally

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turned into a tax to the treasury of the khan in general

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Shahin Giray did not want to limit himself to this,

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but everything that he had done was enough

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for discontent. Especially considering that

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he was actually a political upstart,

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opposition sentiments were supported by

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one the parties excluded from the

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mufti's feeding trough and on the other hand, the Ottoman

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Empire already in 1780 rebelled against the Gai

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tribes of the baths, which the Shahin Gerey

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wanted to limit the autonomy of, the rebels nominated

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the candidacy of Bahadir Girey to the throne,

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our elder brother, the grief of the reformer, by the

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spring of the 82nd, the uprising spread to the

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Crimea, the rebels had there are not many

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fighters, only about 3000, but the Khan’s army of the

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new model simply fled in the first

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clash already in May. Bahadir set foot

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on the throne Ahin Giray fled to Russia,

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begging Catherine to help him return to this throne,

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and the pleas were heard; Russian

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troops entered Crimea under the leadership

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of the way speaking of Suvorov, the rebels were

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defeated in the battle of Chingara and by

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November 1782 it was all over Shaheen

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Gray returned to the throne again and began

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mass executions of his opponents, but

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now he had completely turned into a

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Russian puppet. But in reality, everything in Crimea was

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controlled by Grigory Potemkin,

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who quickly came to the conclusion is that since

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Russia already completely controls

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Crimea, so why keep some

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khan there? And already in 1883, Shahin Girey was removed,

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although on fairly favorable terms with a

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pension of 200 thousand rubles in Voronezh, but there was

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something in Voronezh that he didn’t like. He

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asked for permission to departure to

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go to the Ottoman Empire, he was not

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refused, he came to the Ottoman Empire

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and there he was executed on suspicion of working

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for the Russians, unexpectedly

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probably, but Crimea became an ordinary Russian

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province, by the way, the first thing they did was

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restore the power of the traditional

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clergy there with all the traditional

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taxes and so on, well, the remains of the new The

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Crimean Army was converted into an ordinary

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Hussar regiment. In short, in a

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sense, the dystonization of Crimea did

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occur, but a little differently than the way the

00:07:04

Shahiriya wanted to do it,

00:07:11

so Friends, let's

00:07:13

take a break from these endless failures for a second,

00:07:15

let's talk about something good, you know

00:07:16

all these cool things that I I love Well,

00:07:20

you know there Are you afraid of you with the name of the

00:07:21

channel in the comments to discuss

00:07:24

video games but not play them and Toad of

00:07:27

other people's dogs because it's free

00:07:29

Endorphin and no responsibility And by the way,

00:07:32

I really like to travel

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and usually in some strange

00:07:36

way and don't even ask me

00:07:37

How much I spent time under a bridge

00:07:39

on the side of various highways Looking for

00:07:42

some car that is ready to let me down

00:07:44

And I also really love making this channel And

00:07:46

here I have What to tell you

00:07:48

because if you also love your

00:07:49

business and appreciate

00:07:52

travel, then I have This is the coolest opportunity for you

00:07:53

to combine an interesting

00:07:55

adventure with useful networking. The point

00:07:58

is organizing business regattas on yachts in

00:08:01

Turkey and is giving away as many as 25 prize

00:08:04

places for participation.

00:08:08

The winners will be divided into teams of 6-8

00:08:11

people, as much as each yacht can accommodate.

00:08:13

They will live at sea and learn how to tie sea

00:08:15

knots. learn the basics of yachting and

00:08:16

compete with each other sea

00:08:18

racing the basics of yachting a lot of sun, water and

00:08:21

networking You can take part in the regatta

00:08:22

if you have an individual entrepreneur or personal practice If

00:08:25

you are a representative of a limited liability company or a non-profit

00:08:27

organization If you have a business

00:08:29

start-up enterprise all this is a great

00:08:32

reason to spend an exciting time to

00:08:34

exchange experience and get new

00:08:36

cool contacts, to increase your

00:08:39

chances exactly twice, you just need to

00:08:40

open an account at the point, this is a bank

00:08:43

designed for entrepreneurs, I use it the most, it’s

00:08:44

very cool, I have a very

00:08:46

positive experience, actually, many years of experience And

00:08:49

by the way, the support there is very not stuffy,

00:08:52

just not stuffy, that’s

00:08:57

how these plants these plants are also not

00:08:59

stuffy in short follow the link in the

00:09:02

description open an account at the point and

00:09:04

take part in the business regatta don’t step

00:09:06

in the nettles just did

00:09:10

it Game of Thrones Persia Merza Taghikhana

00:09:14

Mir Kabir First Minister Great Atabek of

00:09:16

Iran

00:09:18

1847-1851 our next hero in general

00:09:22

did not come from the nobility. His father was the

00:09:24

cook of the previous Prime Minister of Persia,

00:09:26

Mirza Borzog, and he himself was able to advance

00:09:28

into the elite because you know the Cook and, in

00:09:32

general, he was also able to promote his son; he was also

00:09:34

able to have a dizzying career from a

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groom to a staff officer in the Caucasus;

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the culmination here was his Marriage to the sister of

00:09:41

Nasir ad Din, the heir to the throne, before

00:09:45

this, in the course of the staff work of such khan, he

00:09:46

had to repeatedly carry out

00:09:48

various diplomatic assignments, and in

00:09:52

1829-30, as an arctic fox, he

00:09:55

visited the Persian embassy in

00:09:57

Russia, which was settling the consequences of the murder

00:09:59

of Griboedov, then the Persians were given

00:10:01

a tour of St. Petersburg, showing all the

00:10:03

delights of the European civilization factories

00:10:05

and newspapers of the Admiralty and apparently such

00:10:08

Khan remembered in 1848 in gray one

00:10:12

becomes the Shah of Iran And of course he

00:10:15

appoints his brother-in-law as his first minister

00:10:17

and such Khan, more precisely, now

00:10:19

Amir Kabir managed to get

00:10:22

expanded powers from the Shah for his sake, they

00:10:25

even resurrected Forgotten since the times of

00:10:27

the Seljuk In the title of Great Atabeg of such a

00:10:29

right hand of the king, it must be said that the new Atabek coped with

00:10:32

his immediate responsibilities of

00:10:34

pacifying the rebellions and conquering the

00:10:38

rebellious Khorasan

00:10:41

very, very successfully, but

00:10:43

Amir Kabir wanted to see Iran as a strong and

00:10:46

independent power, the country

00:10:48

was already located in the border zone of two

00:10:49

empires - Russian and British and was

00:10:52

close to the status of semi-colonies in theory,

00:10:54

as if Tigran seemed to be more influenced by

00:10:56

London, but Russia also had such strong

00:10:58

privileges, for example, the North-Lovetsky

00:11:01

fisheries in the Caspian Sea were under the

00:11:02

management of a Russian company And in

00:11:04

Shtrobad, that is, in modern Gagarin,

00:11:06

since the time of St. John there was a Russian

00:11:09

Factory, in fact, it’s not that

00:11:12

no one tried at all in Iran to reform there. At

00:11:15

the beginning of the century, some kind of very

00:11:18

sluggish Westernization flowed, which

00:11:19

naturally consisted of the purchase of

00:11:21

weapons from Great Britain and the invitation of

00:11:23

military advisers from there. And the world of Kabir

00:11:26

proudly proclaimed the beginning of the

00:11:29

principle of negative neutrality that

00:11:32

is, now relations with London from

00:11:34

St. Petersburg were preserved, but it was necessary to

00:11:36

reduce their influence to nothing and this did not

00:11:41

work out, that is, the real maximum

00:11:44

was the closure of that same Russian

00:11:45

fishing company in the Caspian Sea, and then

00:11:48

for a short time, instead of British specialists,

00:11:51

military personnel from

00:11:52

third countries of Austria began to be invited into the army Italian

00:11:54

states and even from the USA And in order to

00:11:57

completely abandon

00:11:59

military specialists at some point, the House of Sciences was founded in Tehran,

00:12:01

the first secular educational institution in

00:12:04

Iran. As you understand, they taught there

00:12:06

mainly Military sciences, and the teachers

00:12:09

were discharged again in Austria, which

00:12:10

led to a funny situation in which

00:12:12

Iranian officers had to learn

00:12:14

German. In addition, now

00:12:17

everyone had to serve in the army, including Christian

00:12:19

Armenians and Assyrians at the same time. Amir Kamir

00:12:22

began a kind of industrialization in

00:12:24

Iran and began to build with treasury money,

00:12:26

sending workers to study in St. Petersburg and

00:12:29

Moscow for logic in the production of

00:12:31

textiles glass weapons Well, in general, you know

00:12:35

how Victoria 2, here are your very first

00:12:38

factories, parallel to the authorities tried to

00:12:40

ease the burden of artisans by

00:12:43

reducing taxes and protection from mobilization

00:12:45

Well, I mean, Yes, exemption from military

00:12:48

service from other transformations.

00:12:50

It’s interesting that the first newspaper appeared in Iran at the same time

00:12:52

which

00:12:54

was called

00:12:55

Well, like this, like this, I don’t know, I

00:12:59

can’t pronounce it, but it consisted

00:13:01

mainly of propaganda. But besides

00:13:03

propaganda, there was some other

00:13:05

interesting content, like

00:13:07

world news about cannibals from the

00:13:10

island of Borneo, in general,

00:13:11

probably cool. And of course there was a fight with the

00:13:15

Qajar church, those who seized the Persian

00:13:17

throne simply by right of conquest did not

00:13:19

have enough legitimacy, they

00:13:21

had to be considered a Shiite mind,

00:13:23

giving theologians on the left more and

00:13:26

more privileges, Amir Kabir, even when

00:13:28

he was a diplomat, traveled to the Ottoman

00:13:30

Empire and was impressed by the fact that he did not want

00:13:32

reformation from the Zimat

00:13:34

Ulyanov's influence should be reduced as much as possible, as he

00:13:37

himself said, the Ottomans were able to begin the

00:13:39

revival of their power only after they

00:13:41

broke the power, they say,

00:13:44

again, he did not achieve much, but at least

00:13:45

Tehran was removed from the influence of Sharia courts

00:13:47

and Yes, I say again that he did

00:13:51

not achieve much. Why and because his

00:13:53

premiership lasted 3 years,

00:13:55

this career came for the same reasons

00:13:57

that it began literally because of the

00:13:59

local Game of Thrones; in

00:14:02

fact, it is not surprising that an upstart from the bottom

00:14:04

climbs to the very top, marries the

00:14:06

Shah’s sister and becomes his right-

00:14:08

hand man already at this moment, a

00:14:10

bunch of envious people usually appear. In addition,

00:14:13

Amir Kamir also promoted the

00:14:15

guys from his circle of his

00:14:17

colleagues in the Caucasus to key positions, pushing aside the old

00:14:19

aristocracy who didn’t really

00:14:21

like it, and then our right hand of the king

00:14:24

saw that there was not enough money in the treasury and

00:14:27

cut all salaries and government

00:14:30

pensions for dignitaries and began

00:14:31

to limit the power of lems and began to

00:14:33

introduce European discipline in the army and

00:14:36

thus provoked riots in the military already

00:14:38

the elite, in fact, he lasted 3 years on the

00:14:41

pure trust and friendship of the Shah. But it

00:14:43

turned out that this was a little unreliable

00:14:46

support because in the course of a series of

00:14:48

political intrigues the Shah was convinced that the world of

00:14:51

Kabir himself wants to take his place. So on

00:14:55

November 16,

00:14:56

1851, the Great Atabek was suddenly

00:15:00

removed from all posts and exiled to the

00:15:02

tiny town of Koshar. And on January 10, they

00:15:06

took him and cut his throat there in the bathroom, and

00:15:09

this was done by the same person

00:15:11

whose the most merkabir

00:15:12

appointed the court executioner to the post of court executioner.

00:15:15

These are the things. What about Iran? Well,

00:15:19

modernization as a whole was not interrupted. Although the

00:15:21

new first minister was eager to

00:15:23

turn everything into 5, but no global

00:15:26

breakthrough happened. Everything returned to the

00:15:29

situation when Iran was a semi-colony of

00:15:30

Russia and Britain, which will last right

00:15:33

up to the 20th century,

00:15:35

unforeseen consequences of reforms pijab

00:15:39

tranzhit singh Lion of Punjab Maharaja of

00:15:42

Punjab and Lahore in

00:15:45

1801-1839 the next hero we have is from India,

00:15:49

more precisely from Punjab or Panjab, but I will

00:15:52

call it pijab although this is probably

00:15:53

not entirely correct and in fact it is

00:15:56

difficult to use the word a reformer

00:15:57

because Ranjit Singh essentially created the

00:16:00

pijab as a separate state, it

00:16:03

was called Sarkar Khalsaji, which

00:16:06

can be roughly translated as the state of the Sikhs; in

00:16:09

short, psychos as a religion appeared at the

00:16:12

beginning of the 17th century. And at the beginning of the 18th century,

00:16:14

when the Great Mogul Empire collapsed, the

00:16:16

Sikh sect was able to take power in the

00:16:19

territory of modern pajaba, but

00:16:21

officially the Sikhs seemed to have universal

00:16:23

equality and power belonged to the Khalsa,

00:16:25

all religious communities, but suddenly

00:16:28

universal equality for some reason did not work;

00:16:31

in fact, the Sardars ruled, the military leaders who

00:16:34

emerged during the continuous wars of the

00:16:36

Sikhs with the Mughals from neighboring Afghans.

00:16:38

As a result, in the second half of the 18th century

00:16:41

there were 12 misals and such principalities

00:16:43

led by sardars Ranji Singh was one

00:16:45

of these twelve, as a result of a

00:16:47

series of aggressive campaigns, he managed to

00:16:49

capture the main city of the

00:16:52

region Lahore in 1799 and by the 18th third he

00:16:56

united the entire Pijab, conquered

00:16:58

Kashmir from the Afghans and proclaimed himself

00:17:00

the Maharaja, the supreme ruler of all

00:17:02

Sikhs Of course, Ranjit Singh was helped not

00:17:05

only by his leadership talent, but also Oh

00:17:07

well, yes, the military reform is of course

00:17:09

obvious. By the 19th century, everyone understood the

00:17:13

superiority of the white devils and the fact that they

00:17:15

needed to study it, the new Sikov army

00:17:18

was better and Hey was not inferior to the British

00:17:21

sepoys. Well, in fact, these were the

00:17:23

sepoys and only in yellow uniforms. By the way,

00:17:25

as in the case of Crimea,

00:17:27

the problem arose that the Siks considered service in the

00:17:30

cavalry more honorable, but Ranjit

00:17:32

managed to solve this problem very simply

00:17:35

by increasing salaries, brilliant

00:17:39

innovation must be said for command posts.

00:17:42

The Maharaja invited military

00:17:43

specialists from Europe there The

00:17:45

Napoleonic wars had just ended. So there were

00:17:47

enough unemployed officers, the so-

00:17:50

called Franks took obligations

00:17:52

not to eat beef and not to smoke

00:17:54

tobacco in public;

00:17:55

they were completely trusted in everything else; in

00:17:56

general, in the case of the Sikhs, it all ended with

00:17:59

military reform. That is, there was some kind of

00:18:01

industrialization to support the afloat a

00:18:03

modern army, but

00:18:05

it didn’t exist for any other needs and the

00:18:07

state itself remained feudal in fact, that’s why

00:18:11

nothing happened. In the end, after the death of

00:18:13

Ranjit, feudal unrest began in the

00:18:16

best traditions of the Middle Ages for

00:18:18

1839-43 years, five rulers were replaced on the throne

00:18:23

Four of them died a

00:18:25

violent death And in the forty-first

00:18:27

year, a dolipsinka sat on the throne, who

00:18:29

was generally three years old. Naturally, power

00:18:32

actually ended up in the hands of the regency

00:18:34

council and the army. And then suddenly the rajas and

00:18:37

dignitaries who were part of the regency council

00:18:38

had a serious conflict with the army

00:18:42

because it suddenly turned out that

00:18:45

Fic officers learned from their European teachers

00:18:47

not only to march,

00:18:49

but also to be interested in liberal

00:18:53

ideas, the Ars were governed by panchayats

00:18:56

chosen by regimental councils, which

00:18:58

included the best officers, and within these

00:19:01

panchayats, by the beginning of the 40s of the 19th century,

00:19:04

all sorts of interesting ideas began to creep in,

00:19:07

whether to disperse, for example, snickering

00:19:09

feudal lords and not whether to establish a

00:19:12

Republic in Punjab after this is interesting and

00:19:16

curiously fresh, and I remind you that

00:19:20

this whole ideology fit perfectly with the

00:19:23

basic philosophy of the Sikha, where in general the

00:19:25

community should rule all equals. In addition,

00:19:28

in the Regency Council there were not only Sikhs,

00:19:31

but also Muslims and Hindus who

00:19:35

were Well, comrades of the world, in fact, this is also a

00:19:37

fairly typical story for the East in the

00:19:39

twentieth century, for example, the king of

00:19:41

Afghanistan will send

00:19:42

his officers to the USSR to study, and then they will

00:19:45

return and suddenly begin to build

00:19:47

his country of communists. In general, in

00:19:50

such world history there was still enough, the

00:19:51

Sikh army turned out to be dangerous for

00:19:54

the court,

00:19:55

it is more dangerous even than an external threat,

00:19:57

so much so that when

00:20:00

the war with the British began in 1845, the regency council

00:20:03

chose to consciously lose this war by

00:20:06

stupidly draining its troops under British

00:20:09

guns; here it is enough to say that the

00:20:11

Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Punjab,

00:20:14

Rajak Gulab Singh, was in direct

00:20:16

correspondence with the British generals and

00:20:20

post-war defeat, the court gladly

00:20:22

agreed to become a vassal of

00:20:25

Britain because the white sohibs promised

00:20:28

them the preservation of all privileges. Well,

00:20:31

this happiness did not last very

00:20:32

long because already in 1849

00:20:35

the British simply sent in troops,

00:20:37

annexed this pijab and made it

00:20:40

another ordinary province of Raj,

00:20:43

almost a success Egypt Mohammed Ali Pasha

00:20:48

Wali of Egypt Sudan Levant Hijaz Maria

00:20:51

Tasa and Crete 1805-184

00:20:55

8 it even happened that Westernization,

00:20:57

imagine, lasted more than three years

00:20:59

and even outlived its instigator

00:21:03

the truth in the end Still, everything collapsed to

00:21:06

hell yes Of course I’m talking about the

00:21:08

era of Mohammed Ali of Egypt the

00:21:10

Ottoman colonel who became the ruler of the

00:21:13

country of the Nile It is clear How it all began

00:21:16

weapons cannon cartridge factories in

00:21:18

Cairo and Alexandria Napoleonic

00:21:20

colonel Joseph Sevé who converted to Islam

00:21:23

European standards and so on And also a

00:21:25

funny Obsession miracle weapon for

00:21:27

example for the Egyptian army they purchased the

00:21:29

latest experimental rocket

00:21:32

launchers congrave spoiler weapons not

00:21:35

took off and was replaced with rifled

00:21:36

guns. Like everyone else's army - it

00:21:39

was generally quite good at some point

00:21:41

in 1831, when Muhammad Ali had

00:21:44

a conflict with the Sultan, this army even defeated the

00:21:47

Turks, entered Asia Minor and only

00:21:49

Russian troops saved the Ottoman Empire

00:21:52

What an Irony They didn’t forget about the rest in

00:21:55

1830, the first medical school opened in Kerry, a

00:21:59

funny moment,

00:22:01

as teachers and invited

00:22:03

Saint-Simonists, who in France were

00:22:04

generally considered dangerous

00:22:06

extremists. But here they carried out

00:22:08

vaccinations and it seems that all this

00:22:10

continued even for some time after the

00:22:12

death of the Great Khidiv In 1851,

00:22:15

Abbasiya French engineers came and

00:22:17

built the first telegraph line between

00:22:19

Cairo and Alexandria. And in

00:22:21

1958, on the initiative of Khidiv Said,

00:22:23

British engineers built the

00:22:25

Cairo Busts Railway. Although the

00:22:29

Egyptians themselves believe that the foundation of the

00:22:30

railways dates back to 55 years from the beginning of construction,

00:22:34

not its completion. Well, yes okay, at that

00:22:36

time I remind you that in the kingdom of the two

00:22:38

Sicilies the railway was amusing and

00:22:40

went from the Royal Palace to the sea. And in

00:22:43

Sweden there were no railways at all, but by the way, we

00:22:48

even had a separate video about the railway in Russia in 1863,

00:22:51

his grandson Khedive Ismail formulated

00:22:53

our position So we are in the car Africa we are

00:22:56

Europe ironic What exactly during his

00:22:59

reign Egypt fell with a roar into the

00:23:01

position of a semi-colony Although in fact

00:23:04

the problems began earlier and they disappeared

00:23:06

from the economic sphere It remained

00:23:09

underdeveloped And was based on the export of raw materials,

00:23:11

primarily bread and cotton, the whole

00:23:14

earth Egypt was concentrated in the

00:23:16

hands of the state, consider Khidiva, for some

00:23:18

time it worked Egypt as an exporter of

00:23:21

grain in the late forties caught up with

00:23:23

Russia And later, during the Crimean War,

00:23:25

for some time it completely squeezed out the

00:23:26

Russian share of exports to Western Europe,

00:23:28

but during the Civil War in the United States,

00:23:30

approximately the same success story happened

00:23:33

with Egyptian cotton, there was another

00:23:35

expense item, less public fish,

00:23:38

trade, slavery in Egypt was quite

00:23:40

legal, and in Europe they would quickly

00:23:43

fight with trade, but until 1848, slavery

00:23:47

was quite legal in the

00:23:48

French colonies, and until the 60s of the XIX century

00:23:52

century and in the Dutch expedition to the south and

00:23:54

stretch right up to Uganda, the Empire gave access

00:23:57

to another resource - Ivory and

00:24:00

valuable wood species, which also

00:24:02

went to Europe and borrowed money, but

00:24:04

in fact all the weapons factories and shipyards

00:24:08

made it possible to maintain a huge and classy

00:24:10

type of army, but nothing more they didn’t do it, but

00:24:14

only depleted the treasury. In addition, the hidev

00:24:16

Ishmael planned to turn Egypt into a

00:24:19

Great Power, which resulted in

00:24:21

many expensive projects

00:24:23

modeled on the reconstruction of Paris. The

00:24:25

Ottoman barons reconstructed

00:24:26

Alexandria, where new quarters were built

00:24:28

in the French style, but the most

00:24:31

ruinous project was the

00:24:32

construction of the Suez Canal. Look

00:24:35

at there was a separate excellent video about it,

00:24:37

link in the tips, the project gobbled up

00:24:39

huge sums and as a result, Egypt simply

00:24:42

went bankrupt. The

00:24:44

total debt in 1875 was 100

00:24:48

million pounds sterling, almost 100

00:24:49

billion modern dollars,

00:24:51

roughly speaking, Ismail even sold his 44

00:24:54

percent shares of the canal to the British. But it

00:24:57

gave only 4 million pounds, which

00:24:59

immediately went to pay off the debt, the

00:25:01

situation in theory could have been saved by

00:25:03

territorial expansion. But only the

00:25:05

1874 campaign in Ethiopia ended in

00:25:09

complete defeat on the plains of Eritrea,

00:25:12

12 thousand of the 32 thousand Egyptian

00:25:15

soldiers remained under Muhammad Ali, the Egyptians almost

00:25:18

took Constantinople. And now they

00:25:20

the army was halved by some Ethiopians, on

00:25:23

the other hand, Philop soon looks like they

00:25:25

will make separate videos from Italy and I

00:25:28

have nothing at all against Ethiopians

00:25:30

if she watches Ethiopians, check in

00:25:33

the comments or something How did this

00:25:34

somehow happen and Egypt gradually

00:25:38

began to be perceived as a savage

00:25:40

state where -something on the sidelines of

00:25:41

civilization that can and, in general,

00:25:44

should be seized. Fortunately, at that time the

00:25:46

Egyptian government was already deeply in

00:25:48

debt. Under this sauce,

00:25:50

the great powers introduced external control in the country.

00:25:52

Of course, the

00:25:55

declared goals were exclusively

00:25:57

noble: to improve the Egyptian economy

00:26:00

so that it would pay off the external debt For

00:26:02

this purpose, they formed a commission on the

00:26:04

Egyptian debt from

00:26:07

top economists represented by creditors who,

00:26:09

in fact, for some reason suddenly became the

00:26:12

Egyptian government, literally its

00:26:14

members received ministerial posts, the

00:26:16

problem Holes in the budget began to be solved

00:26:19

somewhat clumsily, they simply raised taxes

00:26:22

on everything and cut expenses on everything too. And

00:26:25

when Ismail tried to resist

00:26:27

the commission, then they quickly remembered

00:26:29

that in general, but only the Ottoman

00:26:32

governor put a little pressure on the necessary

00:26:34

levers in Constantinople and, by decision, the

00:26:37

brilliant ports to hell

00:26:40

with him were removed against the arbitrariness of the

00:26:42

infidels, the Egyptian army tried to act, the

00:26:44

Revolt of Arabia Pasha began and

00:26:47

for some time they even managed to take

00:26:48

control of most of Egypt,

00:26:50

but it all ended with military intervention.

00:26:53

Egypt was already officially occupied by

00:26:55

Great Britain, turning into its

00:26:58

semi-colony. In general, unfortunately, or maybe

00:27:01

sometimes fortunately, not all endeavors

00:27:03

end successfully. Write in the

00:27:06

comments What other

00:27:08

cool historical fails do you remember that we have

00:27:10

forgotten? countries that also modernized in an interesting way

00:27:12

and couldn’t And in general,

00:27:15

write what you think about this video and

00:27:16

subscribe to the channel If you

00:27:18

haven’t done so yet And I want to thank

00:27:20

our patrons and patrons who

00:27:22

support us on Patreon and our

00:27:24

friends, girlfriends from booster who

00:27:26

support us I remind you that you can

00:27:28

support the channel using your

00:27:31

bank card either there or there

00:27:34

depending on whether you live in Russia

00:27:35

or abroad and watch videos without

00:27:37

advertising get access to us in the chat to

00:27:41

our private And in general see videos with the

00:27:44

very first ones one way or another

00:27:47

like this video see you in a

00:27:49

week I hope you found it interesting and

00:27:52

exciting

Description:

Выиграйте место в регате по Турции для предпринимателей: https://tochka.com/regata/ Все знают об исключительных успехах революции Мейдзи в Японии, в кратчайшие сроки вытащившей страну из мрака Средневековья в прогрессивный мир 19-го века. Примеров подобной вестернизации, на самом деле, масса, но большинство из этих проектов потерпели неудачу. На окраинах великих империй отдельные регионы пытались модернизироваться и изменить свое положение в рейтинге мировых держав, пускаясь для этого в невиданные авантюры. И как это обычно бывает с такими авантюрами – за ними увлекательно и весело наблюдать, несмотря на горький конец…В общем, давайте посмотрим, как в 19-м веке целая серия стран попыталась, но так и не смогла запрыгнуть на геополитический, экономический и военный Олимп – поскольку история провалов ничуть не менее интересна и полезна, чем более привычная история успехов. Команда Редрум желает вам приятного просмотра. 00:00 - Вступление 01:12 - Крымское ханство: когда не хватает легитимности 09:10 - Персия: игра престолов 15:35 - Пенджаб: непредвиденные последствия реформ 20:44 - Египет: почти успех 26:59 - Вы все еще с нами? Ссылки: Телеграм-канал с текстами: https://t.me/redroomtext Patreon для поддержки канала - https://www.patreon.com/redroomlimb https://boosty.to/redroomlimb - Бусти для поддержки канала Ведущий - Егор Зырянов Сценарий - Егор Зырянов, Илья Старцев Режиссер монтажа - Алёна Пашко Анимация - Алёна Пашко Монтаж - Янис Бурков Дизайн и анимация персонажей - Юлия Солуданова Карты - Захар Жабкин Фирменные треки: Александр Zender (http://alexzender.tilda.ws/%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B) Использованы фильмы: Адмирал Ушаков (1953) Великолепный век. Империя Кёсем (сериал 2015 – 2017) Емельян Пугачёв (1978) Казахское ханство. Золотой трон (2019) Русский ковчег (2002) Семь самураев (1954) Серебряные коньки (2020) Хаз-пуш (1927) Amirkabir (TV Mini Series 1985) Glory (1989) Khartoum (1966) Pan Wolodyjowski (1969) Suez (1938) The Black Prince (2017) The Charge Of The Light Brigade 1968 The Far Pavilions (1984) The Last Samurai (2003) The Deceivers (1988) Vatan ve Namık Kemal (film, 1969)

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