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Download "§13 "Выделение", Биология 6 класс, Сивоглазов."

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#учебниквслух
аудио уроки
школьный учебник
аудио учебник
биология
6 класс
сивоглазов
выделение
почки
выделительная система
гидатоды
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00:00:04
grade topic of the lesson
00:00:06
excretion in the process of vital activity of
00:00:09
the body, both plant and
00:00:12
animal, substances are formed that are
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not needed for it and sometimes even dangerous
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this is the so-called waste it can be
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water carbon dioxide ammonia urea and
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many other compounds
00:00:28
therefore before each the body faces
00:00:31
the problem of removing these substances,
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it is solved differently; in protozoa, metabolic products
00:00:38
leave the cell through the cell
00:00:40
membrane into the environment where their
00:00:44
concentrations are much lower, but it is
00:00:47
more difficult for them to get rid of excess water;
00:00:51
freshwater protozoa are freed from
00:00:54
it with the help of contractile vacuoles, a
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small vesicle lying in the cytoplasm,
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periodically contracting, it pushes the
00:01:04
liquid in it
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out; in most multicellular
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animals, various
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special adaptations appear;
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for example, in flatworms, this system of
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excretory tubules, which
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originate from special so-called
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ciliated cells with a bunch of
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constantly oscillating cilia, they
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absorb the liquid surrounding them with
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harmful products metabolism and
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direct it into the canaliculus and which
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carry it through the excretory sometimes
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outward in the earthworm, excretion is
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carried out through ne fride, a
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diminutive of the Greek not phrases. the
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tubules that open from the cilia into
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funnels into the body cavity;
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unnecessary substances are collected in them and removed
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through excretory pores; the tubules are
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surrounded by numerous capillaries
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through the walls of which metabolic products are removed
00:02:06
from the blood; the
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excretory system of insects
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is represented by such long
00:02:14
tubes, one end of which lies in the
00:02:17
body cavity and the other opens into the
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hind intestine and the lymph circuit
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fills the body cavity of the insect
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excretory tubes through their walls,
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metabolic products enter the intestines,
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then they move into the intestines in
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the intestines water is absorbed into the lymph
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and dry substances are released out the
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main excretory organ of vertebrates, the
00:02:44
kidneys, through which liquids unnecessary for
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the body are removed substances in fish, for example,
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kidneys look like 2 elongated ribbons of prominent
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organs located under the spine of the
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upper part of the body cavity in
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mammals, blood passing through a
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capillary network that penetrates the
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kidneys releases metabolic products dissolved in it,
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two ureters depart from the kidneys,
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along which the resulting urine is collected in the
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bladder and then through a special
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hole it comes out in the process of
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excretion, other organs also take part,
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so carbon dioxide is released in
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animals through the skin gills lungs water
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through the skin and lungs and mineral salts
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some organic substances
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are excreted through the skin intestines and
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special devices
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some animals have special cells in
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which products accumulate exchange
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these are accumulation buds in
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plants and fungi there is no special
00:03:59
excretory system, many substances that are not necessary
00:04:01
for them are deposited in the cells of
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multicellular containers and
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are stored throughout their life
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from many harmful substances the plant is
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released during leaf fall
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listening to the outer layers of the bark the crusts of
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some plants from excess water and
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salts are released through special
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groups of cells water
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stomata or hyda todas, usually they
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are located at the top
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and along the edges of the leaf the
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droplets they secrete can be seen
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on the leaves in the morning in hot weather
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defoliation is the natural separation of
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leaves from the stem,
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unnecessary and even harmful substances accumulate in the leaves
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they are removed from the plant during the process of
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shedding leaves, and the necessary substances
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swell to other organs where they are used
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or accumulated in storage tissues
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before leaf fall, the leaves lose their green
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color as chlorophyll is destroyed and
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other coloring substances become visible,
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pigments of yellow, red and orange, which is
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why trees and
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shrubs turn crimson in autumn golden
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in the kidneys, urine is formed from
00:05:31
substances brought by the blood; the
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structure of the kidney is based on the nephron from the
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Greek phrase.
00:05:39
its main structural element,
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the formation of urine is divided into two stages,
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the first is
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filtration, as a result of which primary urine
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is formed from substances brought by the blood,
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then from it
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water and
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some substances valuable for the body are reabsorbed into the blood;
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this is the second stage, the formation of a secondary
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matcha which is removed from the body,
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let's remember During the process of
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life,
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unnecessary and harmful substances are formed in the body that
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need to be removed from it. In animals,
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these functions are performed by the excretory
00:06:22
system. The main organ of excretion in
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vertebrates
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is the kidneys; plants and fungi do not have
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special excretory systems.

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