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Составление ур-й окислительно-восст. реакций методом ионно-электронного баланса. 2ч. 10 класс.

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Channel: МЕКТЕП OnLine ХИМИЯ

Буферные растворы. Практическая часть. 11 класс.

Буферные растворы. Практическая часть. 11 класс.

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Степень электролитической диссоциации. Сильные и слабые электролиты. 9 класс.

Степень электролитической диссоциации. Сильные и слабые электролиты. 9 класс.

Channel: МЕКТЕП OnLine ХИМИЯ

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00:00:07

hello guys, today we are

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studying alkadienes and today we will talk about the

00:00:13

chemical properties of these

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hydrocarbons, like most

00:00:18

organic substances, they

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will certainly burn, but as a result of the reaction,

00:00:24

co2 water and, of course, thermal

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energy are formed, they burn with a smoky flame, but

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no one burns them on purpose

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because they are a very important raw material for

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the production of

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rubber, but they will burn based on

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the fact that the vast majority of

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organic substances burn for them,

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of course, a decomposition reaction is possible, but

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decomposition leads to the formation of

00:00:51

soot and hydrogen, which is also a

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reaction that is not used, but it

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will be possible, the basic chemical

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properties for will not addition and

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here I would like to draw your

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attention to the fact that the

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most important role is played by conjugated

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diene hydrocarbons, so let's

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show with emphasis on this type of

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substance and so if we take the reaction of

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addition of hydrogen, the mechanisms of these

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reactions are the same as for

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alkenes radical or electrofilm,

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then in this case if we take

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diene hydrocarbons

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and nyl, that is, butadiene 13, then

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the addition of hydrogen can occur under the

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influence of temperature, as a rule,

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ammonia or a catalyst can also be used here, well,

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let’s say dress, then

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here the question arises, since there is

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2 double bonds, where will happen

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during the connection, and here this point I

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would like to answer in this way,

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look, if we number the carbon atoms,

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then it is possible when connecting two types,

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either 12, that is, at the place where 1

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double bond is broken and then the second one or 14

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and look at what this will depend on,

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it will depend very much on the

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conditions of the reaction, if the

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temperature is low, then the

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mechanism of

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addition 12 will be predominant; as the

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temperature increases, the percentage ratio will

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change and the higher the temperature, the

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tendency to form 14

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addition occurs, but it is believed that 14

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addition is more

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common and so then in this connection we

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will get at the edges

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a hydrogen will be added the double bond will shift to the center

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and we will get as an intermediate

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product be n2 but in fact

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the mechanism of this reaction does not mean that you

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will only get be n2 is actually

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smaller the percentage of the ratio will turn out to be

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Putin, for example, 1 can this reaction

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go further? Yes, of course, if we

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add more hydrogen under the same

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conditions, then at the final stage we

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will certainly get alkone butane, but

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already at this second stage of great

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significance, as it was in the

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first stage will certainly not be

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again 14 addition, this reaction proceeds to a

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greater extent with a large output if

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we take for example when combining

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bromine from bromine, as a rule, it is taken in the form of

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bromine water, soluble in some

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solvent and not necessarily in one,

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for example in hexa, not this maybe the

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reaction proceeds by analogy, which means we

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take the same butadiene and

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13 then the reaction with bromine will proceed with the

00:04:06

same characteristics, I’ll

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even explain to you that if the temperature

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is minus eighty degrees Celsius,

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then the connection

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according to the principle of 1214 addition is

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80 12 percent joining and

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20 percent 14, but if the temperature

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reaches 60 degrees Celsius, then

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there is a bias towards 14

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joining; such joining

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becomes 90 percent and only

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10 percent

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12 joining, so we will assume

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that there is a slight heating to a

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temperature of 60 degrees and then it

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turns out it goes addition is also 14 and

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this means bromine will initially be located

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at the edges, the

00:04:58

double bond will move to the center and

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we will get an intermediate product

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called

00:05:07

14 de bromine be n2

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can the reaction go further yes of course

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let's show that addition is

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possible further and then bromine will be

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located at each carbon atom there will be

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no double bond left, but bromine

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water will change its color in this connection

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just as it would do in any non-

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saturated carbon hydrogen and the final

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product would be one two three four

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winds

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bromine

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butane

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so are other addition reactions possible

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of course, for example, sage bromine

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has come off; a reaction with water is possible, and

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here I would like to show the

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interaction, for example, with water, but

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for this I will choose not the conjugate form, but the cumulative form,

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to show what the

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peculiarity of this reaction with hydration water will be

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if it goes through the

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yen

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cumulative form where double the connection

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is

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at the junction with each other plus water and

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here look what the point is, the fact is

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that

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water to join in this case is not

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important, there is no such

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feature 14 of joining for example

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hydrogen at the first and your group at the

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second but then we get ch3 at the

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second your group is formed here,

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then the double bond is preserved and

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you get this non-saturated alcohol,

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but as it turned out, these are the alcohols and so that

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your group is located next to the double

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bond, they are completely unstable, they are

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called final non-saturated alcohols

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and then an internal

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rearrangement occurs and as a result we

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get acetone that is, the whale turned out as a

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result of such an interaction, therefore,

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of course, diene hydrocarbons of different

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forms have different types of attachment and

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as you can see that, for example,

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the location of the double bond can

00:07:27

play here and such a specific role, we will

00:07:29

further note that it is possible that a natural

00:07:32

reaction and oxidation proceed in a

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similar way as its alkenes with the

00:07:36

cleavage of double bonds, such a reaction

00:07:39

will be possible, I’ll just write it down

00:07:42

because this reaction takes place, of course, but there is a

00:07:44

large practical application for them and

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by far the most important reaction is the

00:07:50

polymerization reaction,

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why because as a result of such a

00:07:55

reaction, for example, from

00:07:57

conjugated diene hydrocarbons

00:08:00

are obtained from conjugated diene hydrocarbons

00:08:03

rubbers, for example, if we take the same

00:08:08

butadiene 13, namely, it was used by

00:08:11

Lebedev to obtain the first

00:08:13

synthetic rubber, then as a result of the

00:08:16

reaction, the double bond is broken, the

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double bond moves to the center and such a

00:08:23

polymer is formed,

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depending on the conditions under which

00:08:29

this reaction may occur

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formation of

00:08:32

either cis form this is called stereo

00:08:36

regular rubber or there may be a

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transform then this series is irregular

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rubber and depending on

00:08:44

which of them is obtained cis is called

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accordingly de vinyl rubber de

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vinyl rubber and trans is called

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butadiene v butadiene rubber as it

00:09:00

turned out rubbers TC from the form they are more

00:09:03

stable, more wear-resistant and the rubber

00:09:06

they produce is of higher

00:09:09

quality, but this reaction is

00:09:11

key for dienes, it is used very

00:09:14

widely and one more interaction I

00:09:17

would like to show is this reaction of the cycle of

00:09:20

addition, this reaction is what I

00:09:23

call the reaction of the businessman

00:09:27

Alder

00:09:29

Alder, this reaction in which they take those the

00:09:33

same dienes, I’ll take again the already

00:09:36

familiar butadiene, which is quite

00:09:39

often taken for these purposes, and this reaction

00:09:42

occurs with the alkene me, that is, they can

00:09:45

interact with each other

00:09:48

under the condition of a temperature

00:09:52

of 500 degrees Celsius, I’ll write it here, as a

00:09:57

result, a closure occurs in the cycle

00:10:00

then there it happens in this way and as a

00:10:04

result a double bond is formed here

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and a methyl radical is formed

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which this radical here it is just from

00:10:14

this lenovo and the resulting

00:10:18

compound will be called so methyl

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cycle

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dec 7

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and if we say that the double

00:10:28

bond is considered the main one then in this In this case,

00:10:31

we get the numbering to go

00:10:34

like this, then it’s not just methyl, but

00:10:37

4-methyl cyclohexene, one such reaction

00:10:41

takes place for diene hydrocarbons and

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alkene, so we’re glad today we looked at the

00:10:48

chemical properties of alkanes, as you

00:10:50

can see, they enter into similar

00:10:53

reactions like alkenes, but be

00:10:55

please be careful because there may

00:10:57

be effects when you must take into account

00:11:00

what type of addition is possible

00:11:02

mainly what features the

00:11:06

reactions have, well, let’s say for

00:11:08

accumulative forms, as well as

00:11:10

polymerization as the most important

00:11:12

reaction for conjugated dienes and the

00:11:15

reaction that we also talked about at the end today

00:11:18

as a possible option for

00:11:20

addition to In this case of civilization

00:11:23

between academicians and alkaline us, but

00:11:27

once again I will emphasize the main purpose of

00:11:29

alcogenes, this is still a polymerization reaction,

00:11:32

since it gives rise to very important

00:11:35

polymers in our life, these are rubber and

00:11:38

rubber,

00:11:39

therefore, in fact, for this reason

00:11:41

we examined alkadienes in such detail

00:11:45

to go out on rubber and tires, but for

00:11:48

today I have everything, don’t miss our

00:11:50

next lessons, study with us and then I

00:11:53

hope you will know chemistry very

00:11:56

well with our help and with your help,

00:11:59

of course, that’s all for today,

00:12:02

goodbye guys

00:12:05

[music]

00:12:13

[ music]

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