Download "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе"

"videoThumbnail Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе

0:00

Роль советских войск в разгроме нацисткой Германии

1:53

Признание сталинских преступлений

3:22

Объединяющий праздник

4:57

Расширение цензурных рамок. Значимость журналистики

6:05

Твардовский и его эпос Великой Отечественной войны

10:31

Симонов и его "Открытое письмо"

12:51

Военный корреспондент Гроссман и его "Народ бессмертен"

15:53

"Правое дело", где Гроссман описывает то, что действительно видел

16:47

Судьба и смысл главной книги Гроссмана

19:30

Роман Бека с невыдуманным главным героем

22:28

"Самые важные книги о войне написаны после ее окончания". Некрасов о тяжелой саперной работы

25:06

Литературная сенсация Казакевича

27:27

Подлинный расцвет литературы. "Батальоны просят огня" Бондарева

30:45

Бакланов и его "Пядь земли"

33:08

"Журавлиный крик" Быкова

36:15

А зори здесь тихие...

39:17

Всемирно важное дело

39:58

Жизнь Симонова

41:26

Ценность книг о войне

Холодная война: Советская дипломатия

Холодная война: Советская дипломатия

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

Серия 18. III Отделение. Великое и ужасное

Серия 18. III Отделение. Великое и ужасное

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

90-е. Олигархи и банкиры

90-е. Олигархи и банкиры

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

Кто убил Василия Шукшина?

Кто убил Василия Шукшина?

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

Анатомия за 22 минуты

Анатомия за 22 минуты

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

"Неизвестная" Анна Ахматова // Лекция Игоря Оболенского

"Неизвестная" Анна Ахматова // Лекция Игоря Оболенского

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

Сергей Боткин. Все болезни от нервов?

Сергей Боткин. Все болезни от нервов?

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

90-е. Клубы и казино

90-е. Клубы и казино

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

О неизвестных войнах с Испанией и Англией и др. ответы на ваши вопросы

О неизвестных войнах с Испанией и Англией и др. ответы на ваши вопросы

Channel: Лекторий Dостоевский

лекторий достоевский

лекторий

достоевский

лекции

лекция

знания

искусство

литература

образ жизни

великая отечественная война

русская литература

Лекторий Dостоевский

симонов

твардовский

гроссман

А зори здесь тихие

Журавлиный крик

Пядь земли

Открытое письмо

война

лекторийdостоевский

dостоевский

каналдостоевский

российскийфондкультуры

писатели

русскаялитература

00:00:01

[music]

00:00:09

Good afternoon,

00:00:10

dear viewers, today we will talk about

00:00:15

literature about how this literature

00:00:19

reflects the Feat of the Soviet soldier during the

00:00:23

Great Patriotic War. On May 7,

00:00:27

1945, in the French city of Reims at 2

00:00:30

hours 41 minutes, the act of

00:00:34

unconditional surrender of Nazi

00:00:37

Germany was signed by the Victors

00:00:40

This agreement was signed by representatives of the

00:00:43

Anglo-American leadership and

00:00:46

representatives of the Soviet command invited to France. The

00:00:48

choice of the place of

00:00:51

signing was by no means accidental; it was a

00:00:54

propaganda event; from the place of

00:00:57

signing it followed that the main role in the

00:01:01

victory over fascism was played by the

00:01:04

Anglo-American troops who defeated

00:01:07

Nazi Germany. On the Western Front,

00:01:10

Soviet Leader Stalin he did

00:01:13

n’t want to agree with this;

00:01:15

he saw the propaganda meaning of the action and

00:01:18

insisted that the act of unconditional

00:01:21

surrender be signed on the territory of

00:01:23

defeated Germany in its capital, and so

00:01:26

it happened on

00:01:28

May 8, much later at 23 o’clock one

00:01:34

minute a new document was signed from

00:01:38

it it followed that the main role in the

00:01:40

defeat Nazi Germany was played after

00:01:42

all by Soviet troops, it was

00:01:46

the truth. They fought a war for 4 years, they took

00:01:50

Berlin

00:01:51

and there was actually nothing to argue about

00:01:54

for Stalin. The victory of the Great Patriotic

00:01:57

War was still an act of foreign

00:02:00

policy, so May 9 never became a

00:02:06

state day holiday Stalin died in

00:02:09

March 53, he was replaced by Khrushchev in

00:02:14

56, the 20th Party Congress took place where

00:02:18

Khrushchev accused his predecessor of

00:02:21

many crimes, in particular the

00:02:24

destruction of the military elite of the Soviet

00:02:28

Union,

00:02:29

trained commanders prepared for war

00:02:31

in 1961, the 22nd

00:02:36

Congress of the Communist Party was held and

00:02:39

the topic was raised again Stalin's

00:02:41

crimes of extermination of the innocent, that a

00:02:45

lot followed from this in

00:02:48

the year fifty-six, when it was recognized that

00:02:50

Stalin had committed a crime,

00:02:53

hundreds of thousands of innocently

00:02:55

convicted people had already been released, many were waiting for liberation,

00:03:00

among them were front-line soldiers, they were given back

00:03:03

selected awards, they were found

00:03:05

innocent,

00:03:07

but even under Khrushchev, Victory Day never happened

00:03:12

became a public holiday, it was, after

00:03:15

all, an area of

00:03:16

foreign policy in 1964, Khrushchev was

00:03:21

replaced by Brezhnev. From October 64,

00:03:24

preparations began for the celebration of the

00:03:26

20th anniversary of the Victory. Preparations were very

00:03:30

intensive; documentaries

00:03:34

and feature films were

00:03:36

produced; television programs about the victory and its

00:03:41

price were practically spoken about every day from the

00:03:44

TV screen on May 9, 65 it was

00:03:49

announced that Victory Day was a

00:03:52

public holiday and the consequences

00:03:54

can be talked about for a long time, I’ll say briefly it

00:03:57

was a brilliant idea. When in 56 and

00:04:02

then in 61 Khrushchev spoke about Stalin’s

00:04:05

crimes, the country was practically

00:04:07

divided for some Stalin was

00:04:10

supreme commander-in-chief under his

00:04:13

leadership, the Soviet Union won the

00:04:16

Great Patriotic War

00:04:18

for others Stalin is a tyrant executioner guilty of the

00:04:22

death of hundreds of thousands of innocents. May 9

00:04:25

united the entire country. It was a Great

00:04:28

holiday and I want to emphasize the brilliant

00:04:31

idea of Brezhnev because on May 9 everything was

00:04:36

clear. The Soviet people defeated the force of

00:04:38

absolute evil in what way. and there was Nazi

00:04:42

Germany with its inhuman ideology, which

00:04:45

divided all people into masters and

00:04:49

the rest, subject to

00:04:51

enslavement and destruction.

00:04:54

So there was now nothing to argue about

00:04:58

literature since 1956. The

00:05:03

censorship boundaries had expanded greatly; now it

00:05:06

was possible to write down not only the exploits of

00:05:09

Soviet soldiers, Soviet

00:05:11

military leaders, but also military ones disasters

00:05:15

especially the Summer of '41, the culprit was already

00:05:20

known, so the

00:05:21

writers became more free, but it all

00:05:25

started, of course, not in '56, but

00:05:31

somewhat earlier, there was literature about the war

00:05:34

even during the war itself. True, it

00:05:36

turned out to be, let's say, not in first place;

00:05:40

first place was taken by journalism among the

00:05:44

majority of the population there was

00:05:48

practically no time left for reading; the newspaper was read;

00:05:50

works of art were published in the

00:05:52

newspaper; the newspaper limited the format;

00:05:55

therefore, the

00:05:56

main role, of course, was played by poets; the

00:06:00

two most famous of them, Alexander

00:06:03

Tvardovsky and Konstantin Simonov; let's start

00:06:06

with Tvardovsky; he created a book

00:06:09

that was called the epic of the Great

00:06:12

Patriotic War; Vasily Terkin, a book

00:06:15

about a fighter in the pre-war years,

00:06:20

such concepts as soldier and officer were not in use; the

00:06:24

official terms substitutes were

00:06:26

fighter and commander; the words soldier and officer

00:06:30

implied an

00:06:32

association with the pre-Soviet regime, a regime of

00:06:35

social inequality. But in the Red

00:06:38

Army it was implied that all were equal; there were

00:06:41

soldiers and commanders; a book about a fighter

00:06:44

was implied by the title itself that her hero

00:06:48

The most ordinary person An ordinary idea

00:06:52

arose from Tvardovsky back in the period of the

00:06:54

Soviet-Finnish war, in the years 39-40,

00:06:57

then his short poetic short stories

00:07:01

were published in the District Military Newspaper

00:07:05

and Vasily Tyorkin there is such a soldier, a

00:07:09

joker, a

00:07:10

clever, skillful one, but

00:07:15

these short stories are not even more widely recognized received, but in the summer of

00:07:19

1941, Tvardovsky had a new

00:07:22

idea. Vasily Terkin, a guy from the

00:07:25

Smolensk village. A career soldier of the Red

00:07:29

Army, that is, called up for service before

00:07:31

the war, but shortly before it, together with the

00:07:34

troops, he retreated from the Western

00:07:38

border, and Tvardovsky was perhaps the first to

00:07:40

speak about the shame of this retreat

00:07:44

that the defenders of the fatherland were

00:07:47

healthy. Armed men left,

00:07:50

leaving their compatriots, women, and children to the enemy.

00:07:54

Old men left and left to the

00:07:58

enemy the reasons for retreat. Tvardovsky,

00:08:01

of course, did not name the nature of the censorship to many;

00:08:04

these reasons were obvious, especially to

00:08:07

those who fought. The fact is that according to the

00:08:10

strategy of the late 30s, the Red Army

00:08:15

learned to fight only two types of operations,

00:08:20

defense and offensive, were

00:08:22

not taught either in military schools or

00:08:27

academies: how to retreat;

00:08:30

how to escape from enemy attacks; how to

00:08:32

gain a foothold on advantageous lines; the

00:08:50

poet's son of a front-line soldier and Soviet

00:08:54

military leaders boldly entered other people's

00:08:57

Capitals and were afraid to return to their own, but that's how it

00:09:01

was Tvardovsky Indicated at least a

00:09:04

hint the reason for the retreat of Daqing Zur

00:09:08

But strangely enough, many

00:09:11

front-line soldiers, especially

00:09:13

infantrymen, those who had to endure the most

00:09:17

difficult things hunger cold heat

00:09:22

trench mud heavy manual labor of war

00:09:26

they said that in the book there is a Soldier's

00:09:30

edit, not all of it, but there is, and this was

00:09:34

a rarity then. Vasily Terkin became a people's

00:09:37

hero because many saw in him,

00:09:41

if not themselves, then one of the

00:09:45

warrior's comrades, capable of standing up under bombing and

00:09:49

opening fire from a rifle at to an enemy

00:09:53

bomber, this is not fiction; this

00:09:57

happened; planes were shot down with a rifle;

00:10:00

they were flying at low altitude; they did not expect

00:10:03

rifle fire;

00:10:05

and a bullet that accidentally hit the engine or the

00:10:08

pilot saved many Infantrymen;

00:10:11

this happened and in 1941, it seemed like a miracle;

00:10:16

combat situations were also clearly and clearly described

00:10:20

in this poem

00:10:23

is recognizable Yes, of course, there was varnish, but the book

00:10:28

about the fighter is interesting and now the second,

00:10:32

perhaps, the most popular poet after

00:10:35

Tvardovsky is, of course, Konstantin

00:10:38

Simonov, he wrote many propaganda

00:10:41

poems, lyrical poems of ballads, the

00:10:48

poem Wait for me is textbook known, a kind of

00:10:51

spell letter addressed to the

00:10:54

woman he loved for the first time she was published in

00:10:57

1942,

00:10:58

distributed throughout the country in hundreds of thousands of

00:11:01

handwritten copies, but the ballad was also popular. An

00:11:05

open letter to a woman from the

00:11:08

city of Vichuga is really a ballad,

00:11:11

that is, the story, the plot is simple. An infantry

00:11:14

lieutenant was killed in a battle for the station of

00:11:18

one of the cities; he was buried by

00:11:22

regiment officers who read the letter that arrived to the

00:11:24

murdered wife's letter in this letter the wife

00:11:29

informed that she had already married

00:11:33

someone else. She would wait no longer and the ex-

00:11:37

husband need not bother himself with letters and

00:11:41

Of course, with financial help, each

00:11:45

officer had a so-called certificate from

00:11:48

which money was transferred to his

00:11:50

relatives in the rear,

00:11:52

so the wife said that

00:11:55

She no longer needs a lieutenant's certificate, she is

00:11:57

doing well and the regiment officers

00:12:01

sent her a letter where they described how her

00:12:04

husband was killed, how he raised his platoon to

00:12:07

attack, how he was wounded, how he continued the battle

00:12:11

and then died, and how lucky he was that

00:12:14

he had a letter from his ex-wife. I didn’t have time to

00:12:17

read it Well, then a brief

00:12:19

description of the one who didn’t want to wait

00:12:21

Well, sometimes

00:12:23

not everyone keeps it But you could have

00:12:26

found some other words besides do

00:12:29

n’t bother yourself don’t need a certificate the

00:12:32

ballad ended with the words the

00:12:36

fellow soldiers who don’t respect you, these

00:12:40

verses also went viral hundreds of thousands of

00:12:42

copies, although they were not as popular as

00:12:45

the spell Wait for me, but this is about poetry,

00:12:49

now about prose, let me remind you once again that

00:12:53

prose in poetry is mainly newspaper

00:12:57

pages in the summer of 42, the

00:13:00

publication of

00:13:02

Vasily Grossman's story began. Even before the war, like

00:13:05

Tvardovsky, Simonov became a famous

00:13:07

writer And from the war, the war

00:13:10

correspondent, together with the troops, crossed the

00:13:13

western borders to Stalingrad, where

00:13:17

just then the defense of Stalingrad was going on and this

00:13:21

will soon become a turning

00:13:24

point in the history of the Patriotic War,

00:13:26

so he saw Grossman and wrote

00:13:29

a story; of course, it was heavily cut by

00:13:32

censorship; the Red Star newspaper printed it in

00:13:35

chapters that what is interestingly

00:13:38

described here is the

00:13:40

retreat of the Red Army, the encirclement

00:13:43

of the Division and its breakthrough from encirclement. And the

00:13:47

main characters are the

00:13:49

Tula peasant Ignatov, a Red Army soldier

00:13:53

and the Commissar of the regiment, since 1942, the story of the

00:13:58

people is immortal was published in chapters in the

00:14:01

newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda; its main characters are

00:14:04

Private Ignatov and the battalion Commissar

00:14:08

Bogorev, together they will go out from the

00:14:12

encirclement to conduct battles, it is characteristic that

00:14:15

the story, as if now said, is panoramic, the

00:14:19

time and place of action are not

00:14:23

sequential, the view moves from the

00:14:26

frontline

00:14:27

trenches of tank attacks to the general

00:14:31

headquarters to the village devastated by the occupiers,

00:14:34

where everything is described in detail exactly what

00:14:38

Grossman saw himself, how the

00:14:40

occupiers drove women out into the cold,

00:14:43

occupying children their houses, how they tore off the

00:14:46

diapers from babies to save themselves

00:14:50

from the cold. How they killed the wives and children of the

00:14:55

commanders and Commissars of the Red Army,

00:14:57

perhaps the most important thing for the Nazis is very clearly described:

00:15:01

Russian peasants are not people, some

00:15:06

lower creatures that are

00:15:09

not interesting in the aspect of humanity,

00:15:12

you can do whatever you want with them. These are

00:15:15

animals. hence the hatred

00:15:19

that the

00:15:21

comrades of Ignatov and Bokarev feel as

00:15:24

occupiers is described quite clearly, and the

00:15:28

attacks and defenses and even the hand-

00:15:33

to-hand combat of Ignatov and Bokarev with the

00:15:37

German tank crews who

00:15:39

emerged from the burning tank, therefore the

00:15:42

story was popular; it was republished

00:15:45

many times. But once again I will note that

00:15:49

it is very severely distorted by censorship in

00:15:54

1952

00:15:57

Grossman’s novel for a just cause will also be published,

00:16:00

mutilated by censorship, but undoubtedly even

00:16:04

now it is interesting even in this form

00:16:06

because

00:16:08

Grossman, using her photographic

00:16:10

memory, was able to write at least what she

00:16:14

saw, namely the retreat and the fiercest

00:16:19

battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad, death a

00:16:23

Soviet battalion in a burning station

00:16:26

where the roofs and walls were burning and the Soviet

00:16:31

Soldiers continued to fight until they

00:16:35

were buried by the burning ones. At the same time, they all

00:16:38

knew

00:16:39

that they would die there in the station building

00:16:43

and quite consciously chose death for the sake of the

00:16:46

lives of others. Grossman would also write his

00:16:49

main book Life and fate, but her

00:16:52

manuscripts will be confiscated by officers of the

00:16:55

State Security Committee on the orders of the

00:16:59

Party Central Committee, copies will go abroad, the book

00:17:03

will be published, translated into European

00:17:06

languages, will become a bestseller, it will also be

00:17:09

recognized as an epic of the Great Patriotic

00:17:11

War, this book is about Stalingrad, but not

00:17:15

only about the defense of Stalingrad, I’ll

00:17:18

probably give one example from this

00:17:22

book is about life and fate, this is the specificity of

00:17:26

Grozny’s life philosophy,

00:17:29

who talked about the fact that in critical

00:17:32

moments,

00:17:33

every soldier chooses and many choose

00:17:38

fate and not life, these are perhaps

00:17:42

Grosman’s favorite heroes, young Colonel

00:17:45

Novikov is a graduate of the academy, he commanded a regiment for less than

00:17:49

30 years, and at

00:17:52

Stalingrad already tank division,

00:17:55

Novikov understands perfectly well what

00:17:58

caused the defeat of the Red Army, but

00:18:01

here at Stalingrad it is a battle to the death and his

00:18:04

tank corps must decide the outcome of

00:18:08

the operation to encircle the German

00:18:11

group, the order was given personally by Stalin, the

00:18:14

time for the offensive has been set, Artillery preparation is underway,

00:18:20

the time is up, it’s time to attack, and now Novikov gives a

00:18:24

personal order for 8 minutes

00:18:28

delays the offensive of the corps so that

00:18:31

the artillery has time to suppress all

00:18:34

enemy firing points, this is a terrible

00:18:36

responsibility, he violated

00:18:39

Stalin’s personal Order, which the

00:18:43

political leaders of the tank

00:18:45

corps and everyone else reminded him of, but for 8 minutes

00:18:50

Novikov was free further Victory with

00:18:53

virtually no losses the tank corps

00:18:56

broke through the

00:18:58

bloodless German defense and reached

00:19:01

Operational Space and solved the

00:19:04

problem, and of course the informer Novikova was

00:19:09

sent He was summoned to Moscow And how it will all

00:19:14

end is unknown, the ending remains

00:19:18

open, maybe they will shoot, maybe they will be

00:19:22

awarded as it turns out, but for 8

00:19:26

minutes he was free and chose his fate

00:19:30

after the death of Stalin, like we already you

00:19:34

considered, the censorship boundaries were shifted

00:19:37

and writers got the opportunity

00:19:41

to write differently, perhaps one of such

00:19:44

remarkable ones besides Grossman's story, the

00:19:46

people are immortal, this is the

00:19:50

novel by Alexander Bek, published in 44, its first

00:19:54

name is Panfilov's men on the front line,

00:19:56

then the

00:19:58

Volokolamsk Highway, both names are symbols.

00:20:02

Well, first of all, we are talking about the legendary

00:20:06

General Panfilov’s division was the one that

00:20:09

played a

00:20:11

colossal role in the defense of Moscow

00:20:14

in the fall, when it seemed that German tanks were about

00:20:18

to enter Moscow.

00:20:20

Panfilov’s division blocked the main tank

00:20:25

dangerous directions and at a high cost

00:20:29

delayed the German offensive

00:20:32

until northern and

00:20:35

Far Eastern reinforcements arrived; it was

00:20:38

very high the price and chapters of the book of the century were not

00:20:43

invented, indeed, senior lieutenant

00:20:46

Baurdzhan Mamashuly was a

00:20:49

battalion commander in Panfilov’s division, then the

00:20:52

commander of a spider, he is a natural warrior and a

00:20:55

very talented commander, a man

00:20:58

who well understood the cost of war,

00:21:03

I will remind you of only one episode, the autumn of

00:21:06

1941, panic in the troops, we will repeat

00:21:09

the Soviet ones again the troops didn’t know how to retreat, they were

00:21:13

n’t taught this, so there was general panic

00:21:17

plus German superiority.

00:21:19

Soviet aviation was almost all

00:21:22

destroyed on the ground with the very first

00:21:25

bombings in the sky, the Germans are

00:21:27

breaking through, German tank wedges are

00:21:32

surrounded by regiments and divisions; there is panic; there is no

00:21:36

readiness to fight, and here

00:21:39

Panfilov’s division stood up in Kazakhstan then

00:21:43

there is an ethnic composition of the most diverse

00:21:45

Baurzhan Mamshuly stops the fleeing and is

00:21:49

forced, in order to stop the panic, to

00:21:53

sentence his fellow

00:21:56

Kazakh to death, who shot himself in the hand so as not to

00:21:59

fight. A coward and a crossbow was shot, the

00:22:03

battalion was rebuilt,

00:22:05

which for the Vologda resident Mamashuly became a

00:22:09

lifelong injury, no tribunal, and he

00:22:12

himself

00:22:13

sentenced his subordinate to

00:22:16

execution in order to return the military spirit to those

00:22:20

who were driven forward by the general fear, as

00:22:23

the Germans said, he succeeded at what

00:22:25

cost is approximately shown in the story,

00:22:28

perhaps the most important books about the war were

00:22:31

written After its end,

00:22:33

prose immediately after the war years of 46,

00:22:37

the book of Viktor

00:22:41

Nekrasov in the trenches of Stalingrad was first published in 1946, it is worth

00:22:44

emphasizing Unlike Tvardovsky,

00:22:48

Simonov, Bek, Grosman, Viktor Nekrasov

00:22:53

was not a professional writer, he

00:22:56

later became an architect by training,

00:22:59

passionate about the theater at the beginning of the war, he became

00:23:05

a team of his book, it is the

00:23:08

trench work of infantry sappers, one of the

00:23:13

most difficult and dangerous, they wrote little.

00:23:16

This, of course, is the mining of the territory

00:23:21

in front of the trenches protective strip and during

00:23:26

attacks,

00:23:27

clearing the enemy's mine strip,

00:23:30

always covered in dust or dirt in the heat and cold, the

00:23:34

sappers literally crawled,

00:23:38

defusing mines,

00:23:40

clearing the way for infantry and tanks, the sappers

00:23:44

were responsible for

00:23:46

clearing everything that they managed to mine. The

00:23:48

enemy was in every building on every

00:23:51

street

00:23:52

everywhere. the whole of Stalingrad was in

00:23:56

Soviet German mines and all this had to be

00:24:00

done by a sapper,

00:24:03

Nekrasov’s book became a sensation, such a war had

00:24:07

never been seen before, it was written, it was even a

00:24:10

senseless attack launched on the orders of the

00:24:13

political leadership, which cost the

00:24:17

lives of dozens of soldiers and did not give

00:24:20

any unwanted or any results at all,

00:24:23

was described and the

00:24:27

colossal Triumph The Triumph of the entire Soviet

00:24:30

population And not only the Soviet world,

00:24:33

the word Stalingrad became a symbol of

00:24:36

Fortitude of Courage And finally Victory

00:24:39

because a huge German

00:24:42

group was blocked by the

00:24:44

Stalingrad cauldron and was forced to

00:24:47

surrender and the hero of the story, the Sapper Officer,

00:24:52

sees, returning from the hospital after being

00:24:55

wounded,

00:24:56

endless columns of prisoners

00:24:59

leaving Beyond the horizon, as in '41,

00:25:02

columns of Soviet prisoners once went beyond the horizon, the

00:25:05

next year there was a

00:25:08

new literary sensation, this is a story by

00:25:11

Emmanuel Kazakevich, the star Kazakevich is

00:25:15

also an unprofessional writer, he was

00:25:18

just trying to become one, an engineer by training,

00:25:20

also a person passionate about theater,

00:25:24

as they said then, a purely civilian,

00:25:26

not at all A heroic build with

00:25:29

glasses, he joined the militia and unexpectedly it

00:25:34

turned out that this was a natural intelligence officer,

00:25:37

the war, he graduated from the rank of captain as

00:25:39

deputy commander of army

00:25:42

intelligence, this is a high position, the star

00:25:45

of the call sign of the

00:25:47

reconnaissance group commands it,

00:25:50

Young Lieutenant Travkin, the

00:25:53

staff radio operator is in love with him, their relationship is

00:25:56

not in the foreground, but about them is constantly

00:25:59

mentioned and the

00:26:01

reconnaissance group goes

00:26:04

deep into the enemy’s presence because

00:26:06

both the German and Soviet offensives are being prepared

00:26:09

and accurate data is needed on what and

00:26:13

when it will begin. The reconnaissance groups go

00:26:17

deep into the rear as if into another world because

00:26:20

they have no connection with their

00:26:23

radio stations, let me remind you of the radio stations of those

00:26:27

years this is a 10-kilogram box that

00:26:30

the aradist carries on his shoulder; this radio station

00:26:33

must go on the air extremely rarely, and

00:26:37

in order to report

00:26:39

intelligence data, day after day, they

00:26:42

go along the German rear, capturing

00:26:44

prisoners and destroying them; the cruel truth

00:26:48

of war; Scouts cannot lead

00:26:51

anyone and hand over

00:26:54

Valuable information is waiting for them at the headquarters. The radio is at the

00:26:58

reception and the radio operator is constantly broadcasting the

00:27:02

star I am the earth. Respond and then the

00:27:07

Scouts are fighting again. The radio is broken

00:27:11

but no one dares to stop the radio operator. Her

00:27:15

radio only works for reception.

00:27:22

Here is a story where

00:27:25

another layer of varnish was removed. But this was

00:27:28

emphasized in the forties, this is the beginning of the

00:27:32

fifties, and the true flowering of

00:27:35

war literature in the second half of

00:27:38

the fifties, Yuri Bondarev's story

00:27:41

Battalions Ask for Fire, summer of 43,

00:27:46

von Paulus has already surrendered and Soviet troops

00:27:49

are reaching the Dnieper, gradually recapturing their

00:27:54

territory main character Captain Ermakov is a

00:27:56

former Moscow student, but he has been at war

00:28:00

for three years And everything that happened before it

00:28:04

seems vaguely vague, possible and

00:28:06

never existed,

00:28:09

Ermakov’s life was the war, it determined

00:28:12

the values of His attitude towards his subordinates, his

00:28:16

attitude towards women,

00:28:19

his attitude towards the enemy, the basis plot, an

00:28:23

operation to capture a bridgehead on the

00:28:27

opposite bank of the Dnieper at night, two

00:28:31

battalions and two guns from

00:28:34

Captain Ermakov’s battery must secretly

00:28:37

cross over to capture the bridgehead so that the

00:28:39

offensive can begin from there. The division does not

00:28:43

succeed in everything, but the infantry and artillerymen

00:28:46

are consolidated at a given line and hold the

00:28:50

defense under continuous fire and

00:28:54

constant German attacks the Germans also

00:28:57

understand why it is necessary to seize a bridgehead;

00:29:00

from there the offensive will begin. So it is necessary to

00:29:03

throw the defenders back more than once;

00:29:06

the radio operator has broadcast a code phrase;

00:29:10

the battalions are asking for fire, so the signal is the

00:29:13

entire divisional artillery had to

00:29:16

rain down fire on the German military

00:29:20

units to cover the defenders; but the signal

00:29:24

for support is still not there and all the

00:29:27

officers of two battalions of excellent

00:29:30

composition were killed. A few people remained. Both

00:29:33

guns were broken and having collected the survivors,

00:29:35

Captain

00:29:37

Ermakov breaks through to his own cause is not at a

00:29:40

price, he understands that victory is paid for in

00:29:43

blood, but he cannot understand why

00:29:49

his comrades had to die, thinking that they were simply

00:29:53

forgotten that They were betrayed by his resentment,

00:29:57

it turned out that the division was advancing in a completely

00:30:00

different place on a different sector. The battalions

00:30:03

only distracted the enemy; the losses were

00:30:06

relatively small and the luck of the

00:30:08

division commander was obvious

00:30:11

only to

00:30:12

Ermakov; it was not obvious and he insulted

00:30:16

his division commander, saying

00:30:19

that they no longer considered him an

00:30:22

officer and a person; this was military

00:30:25

crime

00:30:27

So there is a tribunal ahead and what awaits

00:30:30

Ermakov is not very clear, but fortunately the

00:30:34

spider commander will stand up for him and the Captain

00:30:37

will return to his battery with his grievance,

00:30:40

his truth,

00:30:41

and the end of the war is still far away, story 18

00:30:45

I emphasize But this is only the beginning of a new

00:30:50

stage because with the name Bondarev

00:30:53

begins a series of writers who came

00:30:57

to literature literally from the trenches of very

00:31:00

young people, the war happened in their youth, it

00:31:05

became their main business

00:31:07

and they couldn’t write about anything else, they didn’t

00:31:11

want the next, perhaps the

00:31:14

most noticeable episode in the history

00:31:16

of literature, this is, of course,

00:31:20

Grigory Baklanov again

00:31:23

his story five lands became a sensation; its heroes

00:31:26

lieutenant Motovilov essentially repeats

00:31:28

the biography of the author of the story; school immediately

00:31:32

after graduation;

00:31:34

military school; war, which

00:31:37

becomes the life of Motovilov;

00:31:40

he commands an artillery platoon, then a battery; he is,

00:31:44

first of all, a signalman. What does this mean?

00:31:47

This means that his subordinates and he himself are

00:31:52

under with heavy fire from the enemy, they look for

00:31:57

broken telephone wires,

00:32:00

restore communications, the most

00:32:02

dangerous job after the sapper, and the

00:32:06

Signalmen also have

00:32:09

hand-to-hand combat, because

00:32:12

German communications and heavy bombing are not moving towards them, in

00:32:15

general, everything is

00:32:17

very rich, war, that’s what you just

00:32:20

did it is clear how much they live in

00:32:24

an atmosphere of

00:32:25

proximity to death death She is always nearby

00:32:28

one of Motovilov’s subordinates the cook

00:32:31

Partsvaniya is a cheerful smiling and middle-aged

00:32:35

man trying to

00:32:38

feed his comrades as best as possible figuring out

00:32:42

how to deliver hot food to the front line

00:32:45

on one of the loaves Soldiers see traces of

00:32:49

blood kill Partsvaniya and blood has soaked the

00:32:53

edge of a loaf of bread but does not throw away the

00:32:56

bread with a knife Soldiers cut off those

00:32:59

soaked in blood Death is always nearby,

00:33:02

as is love in general, but this is perhaps a

00:33:06

different topic The next one of the most

00:33:10

notable writers is Vasily Bykov and

00:33:13

his story The Crane Cry, he believed

00:33:18

that this story cannot be argued let's say the plot

00:33:21

is simple, 42, 6 infantrymen hold the line,

00:33:25

covering the retreat of the battalion, among

00:33:29

them there will be a traitor ready to serve the

00:33:31

enemy and killed by an enemy bullet from the

00:33:35

cowardly ones who fled behind the cop and everyone

00:33:37

else who will fight and

00:33:40

the last of them is

00:33:42

an ordinary Greek looking at the German advancing on

00:33:46

him tank And they are preparing a grenade for the

00:33:49

last throw, distant cranes will be heard in the sky The

00:33:52

cry is actually about this and

00:33:55

the story should be noted that Bondarev

00:33:58

cormorants Bykov are precisely symbols They

00:34:02

aroused the anger and rage of the

00:34:05

main political department of the

00:34:09

Soviet Army critics in general's

00:34:12

uniform demanded to ban the publication of books by

00:34:15

these writers As discrediting

00:34:19

the army yes who is interested in reading about

00:34:23

what the defeats were and how high the price of

00:34:27

Victory was, but Simonov stood up for the

00:34:29

lieutenant’s prose,

00:34:31

he also became a

00:34:34

prose writer and wrote a series of books about the war,

00:34:39

the most famous novel is The Living and the Dead and

00:34:42

perhaps the most scandalous because

00:34:44

Simonov described the story of which

00:34:46

the main character of the story knew, the military journalist

00:34:50

Sentsov finds himself surrounded with fighting,

00:34:53

breaks through to his own people, but the detachment that breaks through is

00:34:58

disarmed by the troops of the People's Commissariat of

00:35:02

Internal Affairs because they were

00:35:04

surrounded, which means there is no trust in them And those

00:35:07

who fought their way out of the encirclement are literally

00:35:10

crushed by German tanks and they, unarmed,

00:35:14

disarmed them in this battle, Sentsov was wounded,

00:35:17

shell-shocked, captured from captivity, he

00:35:21

manages to escape, he gets to the

00:35:24

front line, gets to his own people, but he has no

00:35:26

documents and the head of the special department does not

00:35:30

believe that in front of him is a Soviet

00:35:33

military journalist and considers him a German

00:35:35

saboteur, the prospect of execution of the lead

00:35:39

again escapes fortunately He has experience and understands

00:35:42

that no one will believe him. How many of these

00:35:45

fugitives were shot, how many

00:35:48

died in the camps

00:35:50

and he gets to Moscow, joins the

00:35:53

militia and proves with deeds that he did

00:35:57

not betray anyone. I must say that this

00:36:00

Simonov cycle is large-scale, I

00:36:03

only talked about his most famous book in

00:36:05

in the finale, Sentsov is already a lieutenant colonel, the chief of

00:36:09

staff of the regiment, he is fighting, he has been wounded many times,

00:36:12

but I hope they will read this even without me,

00:36:15

Simonov’s prose was very popular,

00:36:18

it is popular even now, but Perhaps I

00:36:22

’ll tell you about a book that also became

00:36:27

a sensation, this is a story by Boris Vasilyev And the

00:36:31

dawns here are all quiet usually spring 1942 A

00:36:37

railway siding in northern Russia,

00:36:39

surrounded by forests, rocks, swamps, the siding

00:36:43

is guarded by an anti-aircraft unit, these are

00:36:46

girls. Volunteers, each of them has their own

00:36:48

destiny, they are

00:36:50

led by an older woman with the rank of

00:36:53

sergeant. And in general, the crew

00:36:56

is commanded by a former infantryman, a veteran of the

00:37:01

Soviet-Finnish war, a

00:37:03

former Taiga hunter, a

00:37:05

long-term sergeant major Vaskov service suddenly

00:37:08

one of the anti-aircraft gunners finds out that

00:37:13

strangers in camouflage

00:37:17

clothing are walking through the forest, she reports to Oskol and he

00:37:19

understands that this is a sabotage group, their

00:37:23

task is to blow up the railway track,

00:37:25

that is, to cut off the supply with five

00:37:28

zinichads armed with carbines and

00:37:31

they have nothing else Glazkov decides

00:37:34

that he he can cope with two saboteurs,

00:37:37

after all, he is an experienced soldier and a Taiga

00:37:39

Hunter, and the fact that for the Germans it is difficult

00:37:42

for him to find his home in the Russian north, he

00:37:45

goes in search, but then it turns out that the

00:37:48

sabotage group is not made up of two

00:37:50

saboteurs; there are a dozen and a half of them, and the

00:37:53

foreman has 5 fighters, he sends one an anti-aircraft

00:37:56

gunner for help, but in a hurry she ends up

00:37:59

in a swamp and the foreman dies;

00:38:05

half of the sabotage group is

00:38:07

destroyed, even more, but all the

00:38:11

girls are killed; each has its own story, its own

00:38:14

past, its account of the German army;

00:38:22

one-year-old son, father, his border guard Killed

00:38:26

on the first day of the war, Vaskov still

00:38:28

finds the remains of the sabotage group and

00:38:31

wins He himself is wounded, but the sabotage

00:38:35

group is destroyed here and help, as

00:38:37

always, arrives in time. The narrative is

00:38:39

unexpectedly interrupted by a

00:38:41

letter from a Moscow tourist who

00:38:44

came to the northern wilderness, thinking

00:38:48

that this was absolutely not for anyone a well-known

00:38:51

place and he sees a gray-haired

00:38:54

one-armed disabled man and with him a missile officer

00:38:59

in the next letter he says that there

00:39:01

was a war here too and as it turned out, the

00:39:04

foreman Vaskov and his adopted son

00:39:07

came to erect a monument where

00:39:10

his subordinates died, that here we can

00:39:13

add that the 69 year war is far away, but what

00:39:17

it is important that they relate to all

00:39:20

military prose. I mean the prose that

00:39:22

was written by those who fought for whom this is not

00:39:26

history. And the life of cormorants once said

00:39:30

that when he was demobilized, he was

00:39:34

sure that he had done the main thing in his

00:39:36

life, then it turned out that the war and that

00:39:40

was their main business. Soviet history is

00:39:43

contradictory and they had to

00:39:45

live differently and not always be honest with

00:39:49

themselves, but the memory remained that there

00:39:52

was a globally important thing that they

00:39:56

did

00:39:57

and did. Okay, now a little about

00:40:00

Simanov, this is perhaps very important Simonov, a

00:40:04

six-time winner of the Stalin Prize

00:40:07

his second wife, whom he loved very much, the

00:40:10

artist Serova, she is the widow of the legendary

00:40:13

Soviet pilot Cambrig Serov and

00:40:16

Simonov, of course, understood next to the hero

00:40:20

Cambrig he may be a famous

00:40:22

writer, even a military journalist is not

00:40:27

the most successful comparison,

00:40:29

he achieved his goal, he ended the war with the

00:40:32

rank of colonel,

00:40:34

which in general is almost equivalent to

00:40:36

the pre-war Cambrig, he became an all-Union

00:40:39

famous writer,

00:40:41

he was the laureate of all possible

00:40:43

awards, he traveled all over the world, he wrote

00:40:46

many books about the war, when he was dying, he

00:40:49

bequeathed to burn his body and scatter the Ashes

00:40:54

over the field where he

00:40:58

held the defense in 41 along with the surrounded

00:41:01

units Soviet Army That is, to him, a

00:41:04

world-famous writer, laureate of

00:41:07

everything possible, the memory of

00:41:10

where he was what he wanted to be was a

00:41:13

man’s defender, he remembered that the main thing in

00:41:17

his life

00:41:19

was not awards, nor prizes, nor honor, nor

00:41:22

recognition, but the field where he held

00:41:25

the defense, here I am I hope that books about that

00:41:30

war will help you understand

00:41:33

how important it was and how much

00:41:36

Victory Day

00:41:38

changed your whole life, so

00:41:41

let’s say goodbye to this

Description:

Подписывайтесь на канал Лекторий Dостоевский: https://www.youtube.com/@dostoverno_ru «Нет большей чести для советского литератора и нет более высокой задачи у советского искусства, чем повседневное и неустанное служение оружием художественного слова своему народу в грозные часы битвы» А.А. Фадеев Великая Отечественная война затронула каждого в стране. Она не обошла стороной даже художников, музыкантов и поэтов. Множество писателей принимали участие в боевых действиях - прошли войну не только с автоматом, но и с пером. Тема войны в советской литературе прозвучала сильно, объемно и остро. О главных произведениях про войну в новом ролике на канале Лекторий Dостоевский расскажет доктор исторических наук и профессор кафедры литературной критики факультета журналистики РГГУ Давид Фельдман. *** Внимание! По промокоду «Лекторий» в Книжном клубе «Достоевский» действует скидка 10% на все представленные в магазине книги. Адреса магазинов: г. Москва ул. Воздвиженка, 1 г. Москва ул. Большая Никитская д. 46/17, стр. 1 *** Таймкоды: 00:00 - Роль советских войск в разгроме нацисткой Германии 01:53 - Признание сталинских преступлений 03:22 - Объединяющий праздник 04:57 - Расширение цензурных рамок. Значимость журналистики 06:05 - Твардовский и его эпос Великой Отечественной войны 10:31 - Симонов и его "Открытое письмо" 12:51 - Военный корреспондент Гроссман и его "Народ бессмертен" 15:53 - "Правое дело", где Гроссман описывает то, что действительно видел 16:47 - Судьба и смысл главной книги Гроссмана 19:30 - Роман Бека с невыдуманным главным героем 22:28 - "Самые важные книги о войне написаны после ее окончания". Некрасов о тяжелой саперной работы 25:06 - Литературная сенсация Казакевича 27:27 - Подлинный расцвет литературы. "Батальоны просят огня" Бондарева 30:45 - Бакланов и его "Пядь земли" 33:08 - "Журавлиный крик" Быкова 36:15 - "А зори здесь тихие..." 39:17 - Всемирно важное дело 39:58 - Жизнь Симонова 41:26 - Ценность книг о войне Подписывайтесь на ВТОРОЙ КАНАЛ с прямыми трансляциями с мероприятий: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPw03nFJLTYHF_ltJUcTV8A?sub_confirmation=1 📚 Наш сайт: https://dostoverno.ru/ 📚 VK: https://vk.com/lectorydostoevsky 📚 OK: https://ok.ru/dostoevsky.lectory 📚 Telegram: https://t.me/dostoevsky_fm_dostoverno 📚 Яндекс.Дзен: https://dzen.ru/lectorydostoevsky 📚 Rutube: https://rutube.ru/u/LektoriyDostoyevskiy/

Preparing download options

Popular

HD video

Only sound

All

* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."

** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players

Questions about downloading video

How can I download "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе" video?

http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "Подвиг советского воина в русской литературе"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.