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Время Платошкина

платошкин последнее

СССР

хрущев

Ленин

00:00:00

Nikolai Nikolaevich the people's forces the

00:00:03

left we will say so have the teachings of

00:00:06

Lenin, first of all you can't say

00:00:09

People's power you are an orthodox dinosaur we must

00:00:11

say the left movement is so good the left

00:00:13

movement has the teachings of Lenin Karl Marx

00:00:16

No it's not called that it's called

00:00:19

Toli sulo Marxism or suo Marxism I

00:00:23

just forgot koche can I say no

00:00:30

I hope that the young will forgive me so

00:00:32

after all let’s take our

00:00:35

country like this We have the teachings of Lenin What

00:00:39

teachings do our class friends rely on in

00:00:44

quotes these are you

00:00:47

mean the capitalists see they are what brother But

00:00:51

we don’t no teachings teaching - it’s all

00:00:54

artificial remember how it is Grie say

00:01:01

tomorrow and will be a chicken

00:01:05

that this is the person who doesn’t care about

00:01:08

today Yes, that’s me, that is, the capitalist is

00:01:11

telling you so spit on all these

00:01:13

chimeras, you’ll get some dough, drink a beer,

00:01:16

go somewhere, tear it off will come the

00:01:19

next day you will get dough buy

00:01:23

a beer Well, the

00:01:25

yoke with the

00:01:31

poet is proudly written in the Russian Constitution,

00:01:34

but there is no logic, this is the sun,

00:01:37

what do you understand, man, that’s about it, I don’t

00:01:39

care in principle, the sun, this is an approximate

00:01:43

translation Yes, we don’t have any

00:01:44

worldview, we are on the world without

00:01:47

asking to know when the brewery is open here,

00:01:51

what hours and when there is fresh beer

00:01:58

in a second Our species has aged H

00:02:02

sapi man has grown from the animal world and

00:02:05

by the way he grew up then Well, from

00:02:08

when do we even count before us, there

00:02:11

were Neanderthals,

00:02:12

Denisovan people, this in honor of a cave in the

00:02:15

Altai Territory, by the way, before that

00:02:18

there were tikan

00:02:25

[music]

00:02:29

Well, about like us. And if

00:02:31

you look at it like this, they are not extinct now in some places.

00:02:33

Yes, they were stronger, they had a more

00:02:37

powerful chest. They could live in a

00:02:40

colder climate. Well, because this is how

00:02:42

their body was structured, they were

00:02:44

so squat, they kept the heat there, I don’t

00:02:47

know, but an average Neanderthal could have

00:02:50

raised our ancestor. I don’t know,

00:02:52

toss it in, let’s say, and catch it again, they would have been

00:02:54

healthy, but they would have died out because our species

00:02:58

is considered from the moment when man became

00:03:00

engage in abstract thinking What

00:03:02

is this worldview? Yes, the

00:03:05

Neanderthals hunted there, I don’t know, they ate a

00:03:09

mammoth. They slept, they lit a fire,

00:03:13

they could use it, and so on.

00:03:16

Yes, every day the mammoths disappeared. They

00:03:18

followed them, which means they are the same hunters

00:03:21

as tigers. I don’t know. There are lions there.

00:03:30

figurines, that is, to engage in some kind of

00:03:32

[ __ ] from the point of view of everyday life. This is

00:03:35

how it is now, why do we need ideology? Does it feed you or

00:03:38

something? All these beliefs of yours.

00:03:41

But when a person began to develop

00:03:43

abstract thinking, look, he began to

00:03:46

build cities, he learned to cultivate

00:03:49

cereals, because he is not just I saw

00:03:51

some kind of grass growing there

00:03:58

[music]

00:04:02

and why does it grow here and not there?

00:04:05

Or maybe we should grow it and so on, yes, that

00:04:08

is, the higher the level of abstract

00:04:10

thinking a person has, the more of a

00:04:11

person he is, fascism and fascism is always an

00:04:15

extreme form of capitalism he says that we do

00:04:18

n’t need all this Zamora fascism when

00:04:20

it was born In what year do you know

00:04:28

someone and here is the famous

00:04:32

Nazi greeting it was taken from the Italian

00:04:34

fascists And they took it in turn in

00:04:38

Ancient Rome they say this Roman

00:04:40

greeting is a fascist he what else do you need once barking

00:04:44

says whatever you want Well, you want to punch

00:04:48

someone in the eye, yes, but only to the one to whom we

00:04:50

tell Yes, in general, we don’t need it at all. But

00:04:53

before fascism, people also did what they

00:04:55

wanted. Absolutely right. Absolutely right,

00:04:58

and that’s why

00:05:00

fascism says we are a fascist - This is real

00:05:04

human ideology we don’t demand anything from anyone we do

00:05:06

n’t need to, well, you want to

00:05:09

go to a brothel Why should you

00:05:11

think about whether this is good from a

00:05:15

moral point of view, morality, this is what Hitler

00:05:17

said, all this is too much to say, we should

00:05:21

behave like this, he said it all the time

00:05:29

uh, she understand, she’s a Suva person.

00:05:32

Sorry, you can’t write on the streets. Yes, he’ll

00:05:34

tell you why you can’t ask a question at the World Cup if

00:05:38

you want to. Yes, you can’t beat someone, you can’t

00:05:40

offend the weak. Why can’t you why

00:05:42

you all the time?

00:05:48

you see, they were the fascists

00:05:50

who realized that if they proclaimed this,

00:05:54

or as Old Man Makhno says, we don’t

00:05:56

need any state there, rob nab

00:05:59

then they will be robbed too. Therefore, any

00:06:02

fascism is looking for an object

00:06:05

of robbery, which means that the Italian fascists have

00:06:08

Ethiopia there, Libya, they need them, and this is

00:06:11

this We are not people, we are people, but they are not, yes, Hitler has it.

00:06:14

You understand, first the Jews are there,

00:06:16

then the Slavs, not us, the Germans are normal. But

00:06:18

we can’t rob ourselves without letting our

00:06:21

whole theory apply to ourselves.

00:06:24

What if someone is stronger than Hitler?

00:06:27

can it give you something in the eye? No, no,

00:06:29

comrade,

00:06:30

this doesn’t concern us, this concerns all of them, this

00:06:32

concerns all of them, this concerns the Armed Forces, these nations are

00:06:35

so inferior, let’s say,

00:06:38

capitalism is all about this, just like

00:06:41

You understand, if I’m rich, if yes,

00:06:44

no, I’m not a fascist you say that I’m a liberal But if

00:06:47

I’m rich, then I’ll win in court against you and not

00:06:50

you because I’ll hire the best lawyer And

00:06:53

you’re a weakling, so in general it’s better not to

00:06:55

meddle anywhere, and finally, if you do

00:06:57

n’t have enough money, you’re a fool yourself, remember to marry

00:07:01

Balzaminov Yes, that merchant is there

00:07:03

asks the official How much

00:07:05

do you get? Well, that’s what he told him. He says,

00:07:07

Oh, but I say, I think that if

00:07:10

a person says he can’t

00:07:12

earn money, then he actually has no reason to live, but

00:07:14

he was so taken aback, he says, Oh, and

00:07:18

what should

00:07:20

we do with such people? into forced labor There Let the

00:07:23

cop something After all, this merchant probably did

00:07:26

n’t consider himself a fascist, it’s true, but

00:07:29

the theory of man

00:07:32

is an owl hater But if a person is poor,

00:07:35

then he’s not worthy of living with the Nazis, since

00:07:38

if a person with such a cut in his eyes is

00:07:39

also unworthy, what difference does it make? We

00:07:43

we say that all people are brothers, One

00:07:46

for all, all for one, what needs to be seen is that a

00:07:49

person is in trouble, he needs to help, he needs to

00:07:52

extend a hand and not just say, well, in

00:07:55

trouble, but does this concern me or something?

00:07:58

When it touches me,

00:08:00

then I will sort it out, that is the germ of

00:08:02

fascism is in capitalism itself, as in a

00:08:05

society based on rejection of each

00:08:08

other on the principle Man is a wolf to man

00:08:10

Yes, you are preventing me from getting this

00:08:13

job Yes, I will do everything against

00:08:16

you Yes, of course, everything that is there does not

00:08:19

contradict the Criminal Code, but as

00:08:22

Marx said, the EU

00:08:29

sweat before the threat, Marx added to be

00:08:32

hanged, so our

00:08:35

socialist society is more complicated, it’s

00:08:37

about like a school. Yes, if you

00:08:39

Ask first-graders Do you want to

00:08:41

go to school? Yes, well, what’s the point of

00:08:45

sitting there? You better

00:08:48

go for a walk there, then Yes, if you

00:08:51

If you don’t educate people with the

00:08:54

help of the state Because we do

00:08:56

n’t have any other tool So far, that’s

00:08:59

all it will be, and fascism doesn’t

00:09:02

educate anyone, it says No, no, no

00:09:04

Do what you want But not in relation

00:09:06

to you and me But here the attitude of all these

00:09:08

people, we are not interfering with you in any way,

00:09:11

now hundreds of people will come running in the comments.

00:09:14

Well, with approximately this opinion,

00:09:16

I don’t want the state to prohibit me from doing anything,

00:09:29

then these are all

00:09:33

the bastards of the council. No, they’ll come

00:09:35

to record some kind of composition. And

00:09:37

what- Someday daddy will bring

00:09:41

his girlfriend here, you know, the big-lipped,

00:09:45

stupidly stupid one, but daddy has money

00:09:48

and he’ll say don’t

00:09:50

write down this [ __ ], I’ll pay you,

00:09:54

write down this one, my favorite one,

00:09:57

she wants it, I’m going to the distribution of this for

00:10:01

what we have now and it’s happening here

00:10:04

now if you turn off the plywood. Everyone has

00:10:06

a phonogram, that is, the people. It

00:10:10

’s just going to be amazing to listen to there.

00:10:13

Most of the comrades have nothing there. And what about our people,

00:10:15

they don’t know how to sing, or maybe their voices

00:10:18

are gone? No, of course, but it’s just that

00:10:21

these people don’t have the strength of connection and money to

00:10:24

get through, and finally, when all these

00:10:28

people say I need your advice, I

00:10:31

’ll figure it out myself. But when the wheel of the

00:10:34

richer people rolls over them, that’s where the

00:10:37

struggle for socially begins. What is this,

00:10:41

why wasn’t my book published? But this is from afar

00:10:45

this is a disgrace where is

00:10:47

the state where are

00:10:48

law enforcement agencies looking where is

00:10:50

public opinion Sorry but say that

00:11:00

And the most important thing is clear that to any

00:11:03

creative person who has

00:11:05

some other organ the bad council

00:11:07

rejected something Well of course he will

00:11:10

walk and talk Well Well,

00:11:13

if you take the singers and singers of the

00:11:15

Soviet period Well, whom we found

00:11:17

Well, who will tell me that they have bad

00:11:20

voices? Well, who understands? You

00:11:23

may not agree with the repertoire there.

00:11:29

Magomayev is

00:11:36

voiceless singers illiterate musicians

00:11:40

Well, what about I want now

00:11:42

a person will come in the comments I want to

00:11:45

do what Well, here’s what to do if this

00:11:49

person wants to be interrupted by someone

00:11:51

richer Well, that means he ran into that

00:11:55

freedom in quotes that he wanted here I

00:11:58

understand

00:12:00

you, in fact, this is not so I

00:12:04

must say there is their advice, they are now in a

00:12:08

different way,

00:12:09

the question is just what are they missing And

00:12:12

what are they not missing the boy’s word from

00:12:15

their point of view, the most beautiful Well, that’s

00:12:18

how they think You see, that’s their point

00:12:19

view And to be honest,

00:12:21

several people have already contacted us,

00:12:23

Deputy Loko, who were

00:12:25

outraged that their film scripts were killed

00:12:29

on formal grounds, the reasons there

00:12:32

are Well, I don’t know, maybe the film

00:12:34

turned out not very good either, but

00:12:37

the reasons for which they were not allowed to

00:12:39

film the filming or something they didn’t receive

00:12:41

government support Yes, they

00:12:43

understand, they’re not even bureaucratic And

00:12:46

some of them are generally semi-funny But the

00:12:49

experts will tell you this, they decided that what

00:12:52

has changed is Absolutely nothing about this, it’s

00:12:55

just a different matter then VKi

00:13:00

You understand, that’s when a person says Yes,

00:13:02

we will support you or on the contrary, let’s

00:13:05

say no one would sanction

00:13:08

songs or compositions. Well, with some kind of

00:13:10

obscene content, I’ll give it to you in the eye, let’s

00:13:12

assume something like that because of the

00:13:14

salt, why should we, as a society,

00:13:17

sponsor it with

00:13:19

taxpayers’ money, not with our own? for their

00:13:21

[ __ ] like this

00:13:24

[music]

00:13:28

that Soviet cinema and Soviet music

00:13:30

They were different, let’s say if I can

00:13:33

watch some Soviet film

00:13:35

and clearly say it was filmed there in the

00:13:37

fifties or for example in the

00:13:38

sixties, that is, it doesn’t matter, well,

00:13:42

genres were somewhat different and the vision of the

00:13:44

problems may even be problems Even they

00:13:46

were the same but the vision was different

00:13:48

it was noticeable And not only there by the

00:13:50

costumes Yes by the fashion you can determine

00:13:53

seven there No of course by the way they were solved

00:13:59

ru saying so that the person so that the plot was

00:14:03

fascinating but at the same time, so that people

00:14:05

go out and think,

00:14:07

think, films are being made now so that

00:14:10

people don’t think this is the equivalent of a beer.

00:14:13

Yes, here’s a man. Went there, Lenin,

00:14:16

let’s assume Why was he against

00:14:18

excessive drinking there,

00:14:20

not because he was an alcoholic, some kind of

00:14:22

hypocrite OVO, but no one saw once in

00:14:26

emiya

00:14:29

kani there to talk Well, you have to

00:14:32

order something there in some restaurant

00:14:34

eatery, otherwise they won’t let you in. Well,

00:14:36

they ordered a

00:14:37

mug of beer in Switzerland So that

00:14:40

Lenin drank more than a mug, no one saw

00:14:42

Why And Lenin thought that this was

00:14:45

just a waste of time now I’m going to drink two

00:14:46

mugs. Well, as they say, I’m free

00:14:49

until the end of the day. Why waste this

00:14:54

time? He reasoned something like this, now

00:14:56

it’s the other way around. Well, what are you and what are you?

00:15:00

Why should you rack your brains over these

00:15:02

thoughts? And you don’t drink. Well done, too.

00:15:05

go play computer games there,

00:15:08

don’t like it either, well, watch some, watch them

00:15:09

now, they are showing animated films for

00:15:12

adults.

00:15:15

You see, this is what

00:15:17

used to be in the heading Visiting a fairy tale.

00:15:19

There, people under 14 watched it. Yes, there is a

00:15:23

children’s movie, a children’s movie for life,

00:15:26

there is something with

00:15:30

there, artists are not even needed In general, a

00:15:32

long time ago, why did they draw

00:15:34

anyone with computer graphics?

00:15:37

Even with three ears, there’s no problem at all, there’s

00:15:39

only Shrek, that’s what’s standing there Yes, a

00:15:42

brilliant work

00:15:44

was watched there by hundreds of millions, maybe even

00:15:45

billions, but there’s noo Well, well This is what they

00:15:49

would have shown to schoolchildren in Soviet times,

00:15:50

probably yes. Well, well, in the

00:15:53

program of the movement for a new Socialism there are

00:15:55

outs;

00:15:59

you will be in the program;

00:16:10

take

00:16:12

the right one there And this one knows this

00:16:14

director, that’s why we’ll swing him

00:16:21

all for one, so that this

00:16:24

ideology is encouraged, so we will

00:16:27

proceed from the fact that these multi-

00:16:29

composite VS films

00:16:32

are promoted. Can the x council be wrong?

00:16:34

Yes, of

00:16:35

course there were mistakes there in Soviet times there

00:16:38

were also examples Give me

00:16:41

now and I’m thinking just that I’m just sure

00:16:43

that they were, of course And ours there are

00:16:46

outstanding Well, let’s say yes Here’s an example

00:16:50

I had no idea in Soviet times

00:16:52

for example 201

00:16:55

[music]

00:16:59

con life regarding this society yes

00:17:03

Previously, he supported it later I quickly

00:17:06

saw the light when, by the way, I realized that

00:17:09

there was no advice, but there was no money for him, so to

00:17:12

speak, well, such films are

00:17:16

painful, they are not good, so he went there, he was

00:17:19

beaten by Rezanov, at the end of his life,

00:17:22

no one gave him anything,

00:17:31

he would have been filmed, so the year he

00:17:34

came out, but allegedly saying that Suslov, who

00:17:37

was then in charge of

00:17:39

ideology, saw it or even

00:17:42

just saw the poster and

00:17:44

I banned it. Well, then during

00:17:47

perestroika there, when these many

00:17:49

films were taken off the shelves,

00:17:53

VM was surprised

00:17:59

that it was just the film Man from Nowhere, it’s

00:18:02

not like it’s about the Soviet one in my opinion,

00:18:04

well, in short, about the clash of the morality of our

00:18:07

society with the morality of savages Yes, well,

00:18:11

who in themselves may not be

00:18:13

bad people Yes, but

00:18:15

they are infected with all this Well, in short, there were

00:18:18

clashes with capitalism,

00:18:20

but for some reason they didn’t happen, then Votka

00:18:29

also didn’t have any concepts before

00:18:33

perestroika this is the Ilcha outpost Well, or I’m

00:18:36

20 years old there in different variations

00:18:38

the film is called differently, in my opinion it’s just

00:18:40

brilliant Who wants to see how

00:18:43

our country lived in the early sixties What

00:18:45

people thought about what they puzzled over

00:18:49

What they argued about what’s good what’s bad is that it’s

00:18:54

just pano’s guide

00:19:00

without a plot And he’s like this, you know, it

00:19:03

really seems like a chronicle,

00:19:05

but it’s just the lives of young people. People

00:19:07

are described, it seems like there are no

00:19:09

dramatic turns there,

00:19:11

no one kills anyone, no one there

00:19:14

divorces each other in horror and it seems like

00:19:17

a film like this, as if the party

00:19:19

authorities decided, it’s about nothing, it may be good, but it’s also

00:19:27

brilliant, it’s just that it’s up to everyone

00:19:31

to decide, so there were mistakes, but again they

00:19:35

will always be as long as the state exists, the

00:19:37

state is a

00:19:39

bureaucratic mechanism, to a greater extent to a

00:19:41

lesser extent, but even the Socialist

00:19:43

even socialist,

00:19:46

let’s say the same Vladimirovich Lenin,

00:19:49

when he was already ill, when he was in

00:19:54

Gorki, but even to the extent when

00:19:57

he had his last stroke there and he

00:19:59

could no longer speak or write. Well, to

00:20:03

that extent, he wrote the so-called

00:20:06

last letters Yes, here are the last letters

00:20:08

of Lenin, we usually say that he

00:20:11

basically gave a characterization of

00:20:13

Stalin to Trotsky because he was very

00:20:15

afraid that with his departure the party

00:20:18

might split due to personal

00:20:19

contradictions Yes, that was all there too, but the

00:20:22

main thing in these letters is completely

00:20:24

different in Niš

00:20:28

[music]

00:20:30

with what was on the third year Well,

00:20:33

when he got sick, he was not entirely

00:20:36

happy to put it mildly. But to be honest, I was

00:20:39

very dissatisfied with what he

00:20:42

wrote. Yes, we did a lot of

00:20:46

heroic deeds there, we defeated the interventionists

00:20:48

there, the White Guards are really in power

00:20:50

there. in the hands of representatives of

00:20:52

Christian workers. But the worst thing that

00:20:54

haunts us. I’m exaggerating this, but he

00:20:57

wrote it is that we have inherited the

00:20:59

worst bureaucratic habits of the old

00:21:03

regime, that instead of us there are the old

00:21:05

tsarist officials who, well, glumilino,

00:21:08

before everyone there, demanded that everyone there wear a hat in front of them.

00:21:10

they were filming who were winding up

00:21:13

all the affairs there, Lenin wrote to us,

00:21:16

Unfortunately, the owls of the bureaucracy

00:21:19

What Mayakovsky also wrote about, remember about the

00:21:21

meetings yes Or I would have won like a wolf

00:21:24

with bureaucracy There is no respect for the mandate

00:21:27

Lenin came to two conclusions

00:21:31

then, but unfortunately you see they were not

00:21:34

heard because it seems to me that

00:21:37

Lenin’s last letter And their party

00:21:41

somehow didn’t understand. I would say this because

00:21:44

I understood or didn’t want to understand, no, I didn’t

00:21:46

understand. I think that there was some kind of desire there, you

00:21:48

just see Lenin was perceived as

00:21:51

Ilyich comes out to the podium. Yes, and for example, what about

00:21:54

the situation in the country First second third

00:21:57

need to be done First second third or is he

00:22:00

writing something about the next tasks of the

00:22:02

Soviet government Everything is right there, this is what is

00:22:04

needed, this is this and here it’s like

00:22:07

a reflection, the impression was created that

00:22:09

they are not finished, maybe that Lenin

00:22:13

now I’ve started to write this, and then

00:22:15

he’ll probably add something else, something for now, it

00:22:17

seems like someone wrote Lenin, two

00:22:20

things need to be sharply

00:22:23

diluted. The Soviet party apparatus,

00:22:26

including workers. Well, for example, here’s the

00:22:28

Central Committee of the Party. Yes, which Well, that’s

00:22:30

real manages everything Yes, the

00:22:33

same number of workers from the

00:22:36

machine should be added there. Well, so that the connection with the people would

00:22:39

be more or less clear. Well,

00:22:43

apparently they decided how, well, what is the Worker? Well, well, he

00:22:47

came from the machine and will decide the

00:22:50

issue of helping the Chinese revolutionaries,

00:22:52

for example, or no Well, where did he get

00:22:56

such information? Yes, in principle, what

00:22:58

Vladimir Ivich proposes is actually

00:23:00

correct. Yes, but you have to think about it, and the most

00:23:03

important thing is that he wrote here, of course he

00:23:05

stunned everyone. And by the way, those who now

00:23:09

consider us some kind of fighters against

00:23:11

dictatorship poured over these weirdos Yes,

00:23:14

what Lenin wrote about Socialism is not

00:23:18

Marx’s, not Engels’s about Socialism as a

00:23:20

transitional phase, so there is capitalism with

00:23:23

it. It’s clear that Marx described it in

00:23:25

Capital, he just laid it all out

00:23:26

normally,

00:23:29

too, everyone understands Yes, from each according to his

00:23:31

abilities to each according to his need But

00:23:34

between them, in order to build from one to

00:23:36

another, there lies a long transition

00:23:38

period somewhere less long in

00:23:41

some country more. It’s called

00:23:42

Socialism, no one has written anything about it.

00:23:44

Well, really Yes, they wrote that it

00:23:47

will be that there will be a process of growth

00:23:51

from one society to another. Socialism

00:23:54

And what kind of socialism will it be? Socialism than what,

00:23:58

in other words, Where is the textbook? This is why we need to do this

00:24:01

now. Many obscurantists

00:24:04

say, for example, lism is necessary there. A

00:24:06

foreign trade monopoly

00:24:08

or a

00:24:10

political dictatorship has never been written about by Lenin,

00:24:13

that these are obligatory factors. Yes, they

00:24:15

can be of course, depending on this

00:24:17

or that country. But Stalin, for example,

00:24:19

believed that after the war, the new

00:24:21

socialist

00:24:23

countries of Europe needed a dictatorship and a

00:24:29

new form of transition to socialism.

00:24:31

I call it People’s

00:24:33

Democracy, a multi-party system, a united front of

00:24:37

different forces, which was not the case in Soviet Russia.

00:24:40

Stalin said, but simply because

00:24:42

we have it turned out that there was a civil war, a

00:24:45

civil war. It doesn’t have to happen

00:24:47

during the transition from one system to

00:24:49

another, so Lenin called it that

00:24:53

fasting

00:24:58

is a system of civilized cooperators,

00:25:00

Lenin said. In my opinion, then it’s

00:25:03

simple, yes, Lenin wrote during the non-

00:25:06

new economic policy that he the

00:25:08

very same beginning and where the market

00:25:10

mechanisms were, well, somehow the majority of

00:25:13

the parties believed that p - well, there for

00:25:16

several years Yes, now we’ll somehow

00:25:18

come to our senses Then we strangled them all there

00:25:20

again Well, that’s what actually

00:25:22

happened Yes, although Stalin in the twenty-

00:25:24

fifth year, together with Bukharin, he said that

00:25:26

he was not serious, and for a long time that the fist is a

00:25:28

peaceful puma gateway to Socialism. And Bukharin,

00:25:31

as you remember, and Stalin said,

00:25:33

enrich

00:25:34

for which then Bukharin suffered. Although in

00:25:38

general, he and Stalin then said it

00:25:40

together that this would last for a long time, that is,

00:25:43

Lenin I was tormented by the

00:25:47

thought that how can we make the economy

00:25:50

more efficient than under capitalism And at the same

00:25:53

time, so that, as under capitalism, it

00:25:55

pours money into only one pocket and

00:25:57

vgi to everyone and he came to the model of cooperation

00:26:01

Yes, well, the simplest cooperative that

00:26:04

we all know is the collective farm Yes

00:26:06

collective farming everyone laughs at this

00:26:09

But nothing is more effective in

00:26:11

reality No one has yet come up with a cooperative movement in Europe, the

00:26:13

cooperative movement is flourishing, they have their

00:26:17

own banks there, they have their own

00:26:19

manufacturing enterprises there, their own

00:26:22

stores, smm,

00:26:30

that a person is new until he is educated, he

00:26:32

cannot work for free just like that Well,

00:26:35

preferably but he doesn’t want to do it yet,

00:26:37

of course they tried and introduced it,

00:26:39

subbotniks, for example, well, they built it from

00:26:43

what was And when a person is told Well,

00:26:46

go and work on your day off and for free

00:26:49

Well, the conscious will say, yes, we work for ourselves,

00:26:52

and the

00:26:54

majority of others came from that world

00:26:58

[music ]

00:26:59

that is, civilized cooperation is a

00:27:02

combination of market mechanisms so

00:27:04

that the end result of labor is

00:27:07

cooperation, that is, general Yes, it was good for everyone, and

00:27:12

this idea of Lenin, in my opinion, was not understood,

00:27:14

of course in the USSR, you

00:27:17

know this kind of cooperation. In the applied sense of the word,

00:27:20

there, of course, it has always

00:27:22

existed Consumer cooperation

00:27:24

But it was just the purchase of

00:27:27

goods,

00:27:28

so the population did it, the cooperatives

00:27:31

bought and sold Hence the name of the

00:27:34

rural stores Rural rural

00:27:37

consumer cooperatives was called that, but

00:27:40

Lenin did not just mean the

00:27:42

utilitarian task of buying onions from the population there

00:27:45

and selling, he meant that in general

00:27:48

the state would don’t abandon it, it

00:27:51

should become a structure of civilized,

00:27:54

independent relatively

00:27:55

cooperative units, but you see,

00:27:59

Unfortunately, this whole theory How Lenin

00:28:01

could have done this, of course, could have been developed in detail,

00:28:04

explained to

00:28:06

everyone, he simply didn’t have time Yes,

00:28:09

his path in life had ended And

00:28:12

others turned out to be Well, not very good at it Are you

00:28:14

ready or what in modern language

00:28:17

can a small business be called cooperation? Yes, I

00:28:19

think that it is possible and what to do. How can this be?

00:28:23

After all, as you know, any small business

00:28:26

strives to become big,

00:28:28

and here there are two ways to become

00:28:31

big, so if you ask anyone Who

00:28:33

makes shurma, let’s assume Well so

00:28:35

to make it clearer Well, here’s a classic Little

00:28:37

bi or bakes pies there for sale It doesn’t

00:28:41

matter whether you think seriously These people

00:28:44

believe that they will become billionaires

00:28:47

someday Yes, most of these people

00:28:50

all over the world, by the way, not only here they are, well,

00:28:54

not just right here they

00:28:56

make ends meet, although this happens too. Well, from this

00:28:59

you started there, I don’t know. You

00:29:02

will never become a billionaire, people like

00:29:04

Elon Musk beat Gase, they show everything on them.

00:29:07

But this is an

00:29:09

exception that confirms the rule and not

00:29:12

one of them could get promoted. without

00:29:14

the state, of course, in no case. But

00:29:17

how can small businesses be made so that small businesses,

00:29:20

as you say, become

00:29:22

richer? First of all, in my opinion, this absolutely does not

00:29:25

contradict

00:29:27

the idea of socialism. As such,

00:29:29

Socialism is not about the fact that everyone should become

00:29:32

equally poor. No, how once

00:29:35

Socialism What is communism about? That everyone

00:29:37

should

00:29:38

become equally rich both in the

00:29:41

material and cultural sense of the

00:29:44

word, well now hundreds of people

00:29:46

will come and write in the comments. And who will

00:29:48

clean the toilets?

00:29:59

create

00:30:00

a cooperative, that is, there are several

00:30:03

shawarma producers, let’s assume if

00:30:05

they combine their efforts in sales

00:30:08

first yes Well, for example, why should we

00:30:11

all keep 150 stalls there and

00:30:13

pay rent for them? Yes, maybe we can

00:30:16

make one We produce there, he sells, we

00:30:19

divide the profit from such cooperation which in

00:30:22

Europe, but everywhere you go already to

00:30:24

cooperative production,

00:30:29

you will be meat, this is us, using the example of

00:30:31

shawarma, you are there, I don’t know, you will

00:30:33

buy spices, this is always the scale of production,

00:30:36

this is people will always get rich, because

00:30:38

collective farms, too, you see, here we have a collective farm, they

00:30:41

say yes in the USSR there were collective farms

00:30:44

not just millionaires but billionaires But

00:30:47

where the people lived there were much more prosperous than

00:30:50

there I don’t know Well, let’s assume there is a

00:30:52

Soviet engineer there, you know, that is,

00:30:55

because they united, it’s just

00:30:58

always, even if you take ordinary

00:31:00

capitalism Yes, mergers and acquisitions are constantly going on

00:31:03

Yes One enterprise wants to

00:31:06

absorb a competitor to increase

00:31:09

production another to take his

00:31:11

market Well, that is, to grow Yes, but under

00:31:15

capitalism this happens every day,

00:31:17

but it all goes into the pockets of two or three people,

00:31:19

the owners Yes, because the scale of production has increased

00:31:22

or the market has increased, as a

00:31:24

rule, the workers whom they exploit

00:31:28

In general, it’s even worse for them, in fact,

00:31:30

yes, because so many workers are no longer

00:31:32

necessary if we unite, and under

00:31:35

socialism the same process leads

00:31:38

to the fact that the more collective your type of

00:31:41

production, the more prosperous you live.

00:31:44

You see, this is all simple, in

00:31:46

fact, just alone enterprises can

00:31:49

belong to a small collective, this is a

00:31:52

cooperative, others, to a large collective,

00:31:55

this is the state, this is also a collective, but

00:31:57

it’s also big. Draw parallels between

00:32:00

what you just said and the Soviet

00:32:04

period, in Soviet times, you see in our country

00:32:07

Socialism was developing Yes, he, too,

00:32:10

all sorts of weirdos are chatting that Khrushchev took

00:32:13

some kind of then he abolished the political dictatorship

00:32:15

Although Stalin actually did it Yes

00:32:17

and he did it correctly, well, he attributes it all,

00:32:20

for example, Khrushchev

00:32:22

attributes something else to Brezhnev, look,

00:32:23

we had different socialism at different times

00:32:25

[music] Well, for

00:32:26

example,

00:32:29

it was not where most of the

00:32:33

control levers were market Although the

00:32:35

state under Nepa owned, as the

00:32:38

Bolsheviks then said, commanding

00:32:40

heights transport heavy industry

00:32:43

large metallurgical factories

00:32:45

engineering But trade in

00:32:48

consumer goods there production of fabrics and

00:32:50

production of food products, strictly speaking,

00:32:53

was then the participant's

00:32:56

individual owner services services restaurants

00:33:00

there that's all Why it was closed down

00:33:03

NP I once again said that Stalin

00:33:05

actually argued with Trotsky. Trotsky said

00:33:08

that this is all [ __ ], this means a departure

00:33:11

from socialism in general in itself, that it was

00:33:14

you and the fist who gathered there

00:33:16

brother, it was Stalin who said And Bukharin

00:33:19

that the fist is growing Socialism they They said

00:33:22

in response something like the following: Yes, that

00:33:27

while we have command levers, we have a dictum, we

00:33:32

can press the fist with a

00:33:34

tax, we can straighten it a little, that is, we

00:33:38

have power if we have Political

00:33:40

power, we KTU the direction of movement Where

00:33:43

this fist should either go with us Well,

00:33:47

or he no longer will be a fist Yes, but

00:33:49

why did they turn it off? Not because Marx

00:33:52

wrote it somewhere in Engels. Moreover,

00:33:54

Lenin has an international situation, that is, a

00:33:58

certain feature that is not inherent in

00:34:01

socialism in general, or Soviet

00:34:04

socialism, or Polish; it’s just that when

00:34:06

Hitler came to power, it became clear

00:34:08

there would be war therefore, all the country’s resources

00:34:12

must be combined in one hand, including the village, if there would

00:34:15

not have been this military threat,

00:34:18

which was seen in time, but there would have been no

00:34:22

collectivization because

00:34:23

collectivization was seen as a

00:34:25

source of quickly obtaining funds in the

00:34:27

form of grain exports in order to

00:34:29

buy in the West as soon as possible

00:34:32

industrial equipment well-known

00:34:35

expression steel we need to jump over

00:34:37

the period that they went through in 200 years in

00:34:39

10 otherwise we will be crushed again if there weren’t

00:34:42

this military threat let’s imagine

00:34:45

Well, here Socialism would have developed

00:34:47

differently, I think that with us it would have gone

00:34:49

further collectivization

00:34:51

would have happened for us anyway, because if this is the law of

00:34:54

production,

00:35:00

girls carry out and live better. But it’s one thing

00:35:04

when you thought that this would

00:35:07

happen slowly. People will look and

00:35:09

say, Yes, it’s really better like this,

00:35:12

here it was necessary to break everyone over the

00:35:14

knee just because Hitler came to

00:35:16

power, that is, you see how some

00:35:19

situations that are not Marx

00:35:22

Enge in

00:35:30

Otto are bad in relation to calling Ren with or any other

00:35:34

impression when a

00:35:36

mortal threat hangs over you and you need to change the

00:35:39

economic life in the country, not

00:35:41

because Marx states this on the 4th third page

00:35:44

because otherwise you will not survive,

00:35:46

just further development of the post-war

00:35:49

country Well, before

00:35:58

he banned abortions after the war for some

00:36:00

time. Well, again, not because it was written in the

00:36:03

program of the Bolsheviks or the

00:36:04

Communists because the

00:36:06

huge decline in the male population

00:36:09

was the task Well, how would this decline be sharp

00:36:12

to make up for but also believed that under these

00:36:14

conditions abortions Well, that’s how it is But

00:36:17

if the Bolsheviks limited themselves to this

00:36:21

there is no huge program for the construction of

00:36:24

housing for families of the Mas VH go this is not just

00:36:28

prohibitions Yes, this is even closer to what it is

00:36:32

but again what about abortions from Marx Engels

00:36:35

and Lenin are somehow there with

00:36:37

abortions Socialism Impossible or

00:36:40

vice versa No, it was simply dictated by

00:36:42

the situation further Monopoly of foreign

00:36:46

trade Yes Lenin, in

00:36:50

fact, by the way, Stalin was for its abolition,

00:36:53

when Lenin was sick Trotsky was for its

00:36:56

preservation

00:36:58

and they are both Stalin Trotskys

00:37:01

There was a struggle between them just then on many

00:37:03

issues and, as Lenin correctly noted,

00:37:05

the struggle was mainly of a personal nature. There were no

00:37:08

fundamental differences there. In my opinion, there were no fundamental differences.

00:37:10

Well, they both just wanted to be

00:37:13

the first; no one questioned Lenin’s authority.

00:37:16

Although Lenin did not

00:37:17

hold any positions, but this there was

00:37:20

Lenin, his position was Lenin, the

00:37:23

smartest, the most intelligent, the wisest,

00:37:26

they turned to him, and Lenin’s position was

00:37:29

very correct, he said something like this in

00:37:32

general. A monopoly of foreign trade is

00:37:34

not a sign of socialism, but in our

00:37:38

specific conditions, twenty-two twenty-

00:37:40

three, when us and

00:37:42

the West are very bad at that time they had not yet

00:37:44

settled these relations They have not

00:37:47

yet recognized us diplomatically many

00:37:49

began in the year twenty-four this is

00:37:50

all the streak of recognition so-called

00:37:53

now it is necessary Why Because it is necessary to

00:37:55

accumulate everything in the hands of the state

00:37:57

so that

00:37:58

this is what we lost during the wars that is,

00:38:02

Monopoly means that we, the state,

00:38:04

will dictate that there is

00:38:07

no need to buy perfume abroad yet. But machines are necessary

00:38:09

because, well, now they are more important, but

00:38:12

Lenin is precisely the current period, if the

00:38:16

economy gets back on its feet, then he did not see

00:38:18

any sign of obligatory there should

00:38:20

be a Monopoly,

00:38:28

you know, like how the monks in the monasteries sit

00:38:30

there, something bison, but as Lenin wrote,

00:38:33

read, read, live together,

00:38:36

they couldn’t, that’s the Monopoly of foreign

00:38:39

trade, everything where Marx Ege Len

00:38:42

says Socialism, the dash is obligatory

00:38:45

Monopoly of foreign trade,

00:38:47

maybe it’s by the way in It

00:38:50

often happens in capitalist countries. It’s precisely in such

00:38:52

periods that post-war military horses

00:38:55

happen that nonito zeri from this suggests that post-

00:38:59

war England it was England. A

00:39:02

socialist country, right. Well,

00:39:04

why What kind of stupidity? In short,

00:39:07

you see, they say Khrushchev

00:39:11

canceled some artels there or something else

00:39:13

this is all sweat, this is still the same nonsense

00:39:16

Khrushchev, on the contrary,

00:39:19

to liberate the collective farm, collective farming

00:39:22

is good

00:39:23

when at the initial stage when you can

00:39:28

Well, decide What is the price of your products Well, for

00:39:31

example, here we are gathered there on the collective farm,

00:39:33

let's grow sugar beets

00:39:37

because they are more profitable And in that time

00:39:41

of course It was after the military development of the

00:39:44

collective farm that they robbed in a good sense a second

00:39:46

time because it was necessary to look for a source of

00:39:48

restoration of the national economy,

00:39:50

look at the

00:39:52

dream under Kolya,

00:39:57

our peasantry created this Yes, from

00:39:59

which then all the surplus product was taken,

00:40:02

but not for the pitchforks in Courchevel But for

00:40:06

the construction of factories that then

00:40:08

they came to this village in the form of tractors,

00:40:10

combines and so on, and it would seem that

00:40:12

the village began to breathe, everything was fine, the peasants

00:40:15

began to understand that they had made a sacrifice,

00:40:17

they now began to live better,

00:40:20

work, and then the war, imagine the war

00:40:23

that destroyed the Armed Forces to zero, just

00:40:25

before Sheremetyevo, better than RAO ours suffered,

00:40:29

who

00:40:30

restored, again at the expense of the

00:40:32

village, again they took it from the collective farms

00:40:36

Well, almost everything, yes, because no one

00:40:39

gave us loans abroad at that time,

00:40:41

Stalin asked for a loan from America, they didn’t

00:40:45

give it to us, you just understand, so the

00:40:47

village literally had to spend

00:40:49

15 years for the second time the money practically expired

00:40:52

in order to raise the country, but then it

00:40:55

began to

00:40:57

give the collective farmers passports and the

00:41:00

state sharply increased the prices for their

00:41:02

products. Because before, well, the collective farms were

00:41:04

simply told that

00:41:06

next year you must produce so much

00:41:08

grain there; the price is none of your business; you give us the grain

00:41:11

Let me make it clear that in these conditions, well,

00:41:14

what difference does it make whether there is cooperation or not,

00:41:16

the truth is they tell you this, you should

00:41:18

not this, but this

00:41:25

why are

00:41:27

we producing this in our

00:41:29

area better? It’s better to grow this. This

00:41:31

tells us no, for the state this is

00:41:32

more important now that we have gone through this

00:41:36

post-war period, the policy of the Soviet

00:41:38

government in relation to

00:41:40

agriculture has changed. Not because

00:41:42

Khrushchev began to disavow someone there It’s

00:41:44

just that an

00:41:46

economic opportunity has arisen

00:41:48

to interest people in the countryside, not

00:41:50

like this is what you’ll grow, otherwise

00:41:52

portbill will be on the table, but because guys, we’ll

00:41:55

now give you incentives to

00:41:58

grow this because it’s more

00:42:01

profitable for you and the whole people at the same time,

00:42:05

and our rate of agricultural growth is

00:42:07

the times of Khrushchev were the

00:42:10

highest in the world, neither before nor after, they have

00:42:12

not been repeated in our country. So far, yes, they gave incentives,

00:42:15

but this does not mean that Stalin’s policies

00:42:17

were worse than Khrushchev’s, or vice versa, it

00:42:19

means that the situation in the country was just

00:42:22

like that at that time, plus that’s what he says ruv

00:42:25

closed the arts there, firstly, this is not true.

00:42:28

Yes, secondly, there was

00:42:29

a point, why

00:42:32

were there artels after the war? This

00:42:35

was also clear. Because all the

00:42:36

enterprises were in ruins in our

00:42:38

country, imagine they were only built

00:42:40

in the thirties, only they turned around,

00:42:43

you can say yes, there was still a generation of

00:42:46

engineers there that didn’t have time to change, it was all

00:42:49

destroyed That’s why Stalin allowed

00:42:52

markets and commercial restaurants,

00:42:54

remember Sharapov went there The meeting place

00:42:57

cannot be changed Aria

00:43:00

Astori and of course, by the way, many people

00:43:03

were indignant at that time, like how we

00:43:06

live on cards, remember the cards were stolen

00:43:08

from women, she’s crying there, like, How are

00:43:10

we going to live And at the same time, Yes, there’s an

00:43:13

Astri restaurant sitting there,

00:43:16

of course, many didn’t like it, then

00:43:18

where is Socialism, but Stalin believed that the

00:43:21

economy had been restored

00:43:27

to meet needs,

00:43:28

markets appeared, they were legalized,

00:43:31

appeared so-called free prices,

00:43:34

but this is not again because it was

00:43:37

written somewhere. Well, because there

00:43:39

simply wasn’t enough goods then,

00:43:41

well, there wasn’t any. Yes,

00:43:43

and people received some kind of minimum

00:43:47

subsistence on cards at so-

00:43:48

called card prices, because what is

00:43:51

that? the card is not just a card,

00:43:53

it’s you coming to the store, it says you

00:43:56

for example, there’s 500 g of black bread,

00:43:59

you have this card

00:44:09

to cut 100 kg of bread, only 500 g,

00:44:14

on the other hand, please, there’s a

00:44:17

market nearby, everything is the same, yes, there’s at least

00:44:20

100 kg you can buy at free so-

00:44:23

called commercial prices, that is, in the

00:44:25

USSR there were double

00:44:29

years, do you think that this was

00:44:31

written somewhere or something by Marx? It’s just that

00:44:33

these are the consequences of a monstrous War when Well,

00:44:36

people had to be fed, watered, supplied

00:44:38

Well, in any way until it is restored

00:44:41

the industry is large, yes And when people do

00:44:44

n’t start getting it, when it was

00:44:46

restored in 1947,

00:44:49

cards were canceled but the prices became average

00:44:53

Yes, there were cheap cards, expensive

00:44:58

commercial ones Yes, and the prices were uniform,

00:45:01

made in the middle, that is, the prices increased,

00:45:05

so when they tell me Well, that’s it

00:45:06

prices decreased more closely. That's right.

00:45:08

Because the task was after

00:45:10

1947, prices increased and prices

00:45:13

increased greatly compared to card prices.

00:45:16

Yes, of course, you could

00:45:19

now buy more, but wages did not increase,

00:45:23

but the

00:45:25

management of the owl was to reduce these uniform prices that

00:45:29

increased after forty seventh year,

00:45:32

to a more acceptable level for the Working People,

00:45:35

as the economy developed, this was

00:45:38

done like this question: Is this an

00:45:41

inevitability under socialism? No, these are

00:45:44

features of the development of the Soviet

00:45:46

Union, which suffered

00:45:54

[music]

00:45:57

than what should this be due to? Yes,

00:46:00

the state should not regulate

00:46:03

prices, interfere with this actively, and for the

00:46:06

most socially significant goods, but at the

00:46:09

same time, relatively speaking, not to say, but we

00:46:11

believe that everyone in the hairdressing salon should give

00:46:13

everyone a haircut for 2

00:46:15

rubles, there is no point in it. You see,

00:46:18

here competition should already work in these industries

00:46:21

Yes, so that prices are at a

00:46:24

low level because well, it’s high It’s

00:46:27

just that no one will go to the neighbors But as

00:46:30

for basic things, of course,

00:46:33

look Why Khrushchev thought that

00:46:36

this commerce must be ended Yes,

00:46:39

because it played its role, that is, the

00:46:42

country recovered and the country

00:46:45

was faced with the task of active development, which is

00:46:47

no the artel cannot do the

00:46:51

artel in Ko

00:46:58

Ore Ino again Can take on the function of

00:47:02

providing for people without commercial

00:47:04

markets Yes, of course, these

00:47:07

same collective farm people left them there Yes, but why Because

00:47:09

the cooperator was allowed to sell

00:47:12

their surplus please, here you are,

00:47:14

the state sold You something

00:47:17

all that's left is to take it and sell it's not a question at all

00:47:20

once the

00:47:29

United States has achieved military parity, without which we

00:47:31

would have perished, artisans can make some kind of

00:47:34

artels. Well, what a laugh, that is, the

00:47:37

era of

00:47:41

artisanal post-war years, it was now possible to

00:47:44

engage in the development of large-scale

00:47:46

modern production, both in

00:47:49

the countryside and into industry That’s all

00:47:52

you understand, I don’t understand their pitfalls, I’ll think about how

00:47:57

all these artisans are going to zero for

00:47:59

something. They’re tired of them. Yes, it’s all nonsense, it’s all

00:48:02

just a handicraftsman in these conditions, or

00:48:05

an individual farmer, let’s assume Yes, he himself went to the

00:48:07

collective farm because he could not compete with them

00:48:11

just understand, it began

00:48:13

to die out on its own in the new modern

00:48:16

economy that has appeared in our

00:48:19

country Thank you for your answers please

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Николай Платошкин - историк, дипломат, политик.

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