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Russian
00:00:00
several lives several adventures and we00:00:02
will continue with you00:00:04
Loïc Blaise and talk about one of your00:00:08
projects it was in 2018 you did00:00:11
around the world via the polar circle00:00:14
arctic with a mission called00:00:16
polarkid that you imagined yourself00:00:18
and with a co-pilot or a pilot who is00:00:23
Valérie tocarev a cosmonaut one00:00:26
cosmonaut of Russian legend Russian it is00:00:28
what is this story what is it that got you00:00:29
learned then we see there we are00:00:31
in the immensity we see the little thriller00:00:33
Kid it's a seaplane it must be said00:00:35
it's very important then00:00:37
tell us what this story is00:00:39
arctic circle tour polarky00:00:43
so the arctic circle why is it00:00:47
long story anyway00:00:49
big in 2012 I was told Loïc you could00:00:51
no more putting your ass on a plane and00:00:53
for me aviation was00:00:56
the fuel in fact that made me00:00:58
moving forward in life was it was00:01:00
house in fact it wasn't a job00:01:02
it was almost a religion of00:01:04
aviation was almost a religion00:01:06
for you completely and a real need00:01:09
and I was told you're going to call him back and00:01:11
when we are sick or when we have a00:01:14
degenerative disease what we have00:01:18
the most need is desire is to00:01:20
reason to get up in the morning to do00:01:21
things etc and suddenly I found nothing00:01:23
smarter thing to do than to stall me00:01:25
challenge I wondered what it was00:01:28
the last trip around the world finally what it00:01:29
there remained a road which had not been00:01:31
made by plane at least not in one00:01:33
times00:01:34
and then and in parallel to that00:01:37
I found that what I was experiencing00:01:40
in my body it was a good00:01:42
allegory of what happens at the level00:01:44
climate of what is happening on the00:01:45
planet and that allowed me to put the00:01:48
finger on both the emergency and00:01:50
the fact that there is no fatality00:01:51
that is to say, from the moment we00:01:53
decides to act and take his destiny into account00:01:54
hand we don't necessarily do everything perfect00:01:56
immediately but the important thing is to00:01:58
set in motion and not stay00:01:59
in inertia and suddenly I have00:02:03
launched this project there are people who we00:02:05
come back to the project because you have00:02:06
you spoke of the beginnings of what00:02:09
was behind all this and I said a00:02:13
one day I was told well you won't be able to anymore00:02:14
putting your ass on a plane is00:02:16
anyway you used and00:02:18
why is that because before you00:02:19
were an aviator yes it was your job00:02:22
one did flight demonstrations00:02:24
you help yourself with aerial choices with00:02:26
old cuckoos as we call them00:02:28
absolutely so when you talk about it00:02:31
you have a big smile00:02:32
and so what happened in00:02:35
2011 201200:02:37
a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis00:02:42
THE00:02:43
[Music]00:02:46
and actually overnight in fact00:02:49
you lose everything but ultimately it's00:02:52
interesting when sometimes when the00:02:54
fate when the window hits a hard stop00:02:57
because you can no longer negotiate you can00:02:59
not be in denial you just can't00:03:00
it's there and I think that humanity00:03:05
he is coming out of his phase of00:03:06
denial on the on the on the on the00:03:09
climate issues for example we00:03:10
sees clearly that everyone at the same time00:03:12
without concerns and want to get on board00:03:15
and take his share there are few people00:03:17
who want to remain just a passenger00:03:20
and I think that this period of00:03:22
the story is great00:03:23
interesting because we will be able to00:03:25
it was Raphaël who spoke earlier00:03:26
of collective energy it is exactly00:03:29
that's what's happening00:03:30
what is at stake here, moreover, when we00:03:31
sees all these engineers who are in00:03:33
looking for an intelligent frame00:03:34
there between the between the technological and the00:03:36
alive but it is thanks to them that we will00:03:40
succeed in passing00:03:41
the shooting window is complicated00:03:45
she is she is very restricted he00:03:47
we have to get through00:03:48
collectively through the chat00:03:50
the needle but00:03:54
but why did I get lost00:03:58
no problem we might come back00:04:00
precisely on this parallel that you00:04:01
made between climate change this00:04:04
climate change wall and then00:04:05
this other wall if I may say which is00:04:09
arrived in your life in 2012 which was00:04:11
the wall of this disease that you have00:04:13
decided to spend with which you00:04:15
you decided to move forward anyway00:04:16
finally then back to polarkid00:04:19
so here it is so you are not in00:04:21
sinking it's a seaplane it's00:04:23
That's good, we're reassured, tell us about it00:04:26
extraordinary object here is a seaplane00:04:28
so it was a Russian prototype when00:04:32
actually when I wanted to launch polarkid00:04:34
I looked for the different ones00:04:38
different ways to do this flight I have00:04:40
obviously thought of when I started00:04:43
it was in 2015 I obviously thought about00:04:46
an electric plane but on the00:04:49
technology was not actually there for00:04:50
allow me to do this trick there I00:04:53
I said OK let's do the most sober00:04:55
possible so the game was to succeed00:04:58
to cover distances which are when00:05:00
even very large up there in00:05:02
conditions which are quite adverse with00:05:04
the most economical, smallest engine00:05:07
so in Polar Kid there were 8500:05:09
horses00:05:11
And00:05:12
we managed to keep this bet so we are going00:05:15
continue the images we will look at them00:05:18
the images together go00:05:21
so we saw that one ok00:05:23
Magnificent00:05:27
so a seaplane why we are00:05:28
the plane for several reasons00:05:30
first was to be able to settle down00:05:33
almost anywhere in the article in00:05:34
case of need because it's pretty bad00:05:36
paved there are no airports all00:05:39
every 100 km and power stroke00:05:42
land in an emergency on ice or in00:05:46
the tides in Siberia in summer are00:05:48
full of tides00:05:50
and that allowed us to also join00:05:52
in particular in the Far North00:05:53
Canadian certain terrains or finally00:05:56
there are almost only hydropores and00:05:58
no no airports so that's it then00:06:01
we saw we have a little film for you00:06:03
show what you want to comment on it00:06:04
there are several small images there00:06:05
has some images at the end that's it00:06:06
something that touched you this00:06:09
here are these visions00:06:16
here you are with a few years of00:06:17
For me, this is a dog who was a little00:06:18
a co-pilot that’s absolutely it00:06:21
it was my tractor00:06:24
and you attracted because you were in00:06:26
wheelchair sometimes and so it00:06:27
he was pulling you, that's it absolutely and00:06:31
then and above all it is a dog who00:06:34
left me no choice when I had00:06:35
no longer want to move forward00:06:37
he wanted to go out he had to00:06:40
move forward anyway so that this image00:06:41
it's incredible look at what it is00:06:43
that you are going very very quickly but we are going00:06:46
maybe come back to it because we see00:06:48
we will see images of polar kids in00:06:50
flight00:06:55
and so here you are with a seaplane in00:06:57
fact it's also an ice cream plane we can00:06:59
to land on the ice that's it00:07:00
I didn't know that, so we have to go00:07:02
slowly still there is flexibility00:07:05
in flexibility so there was this image00:07:07
the00:07:10
from the tsunami we see houses00:07:12
brought what is this story00:07:15
it's quite an illustration how00:07:18
say quite concretely about what is happening00:07:20
when we let a planet go00:07:21
warm up territories like like00:07:23
the article in particular00:07:25
the village that we saw pass00:07:28
under the waters there is the village of00:07:30
nogatiac in June00:07:33
2017 if I'm not mistaken00:07:36
in fact what happened is that the00:07:38
when it warms up the earth becomes00:07:40
more furniture00:07:42
and a cliff which was 30 km from the00:07:45
village00:07:46
it's collapsed so it depends on00:07:49
ice and earth which will desolate the00:07:51
floors00:07:52
here are these incredible images and00:07:56
which actually creates a00:07:58
which creates a wave a wave that's it and00:08:01
so it razed a village of 20000:08:02
inhabitants and in fact this image there00:08:04
it is the concrete image of what is happening00:08:06
passes when it warms up and it's00:08:08
never that the article is a00:08:11
the climate of the article is a00:08:13
sentinel for us that is to say what00:08:15
happens there it's never that00:08:17
just an image of what is going to happen00:08:19
with us the most fragile place yes00:08:22
Well, it's not the most fragile there00:08:23
has many fragile places on00:08:24
this planet00:08:26
but in any case it illustrates well00:08:28
the urgency that has to act and stop00:08:31
to think that what we do here doesn't matter00:08:33
impact on what happens elsewhere00:08:36
so we're going to talk to you about Rafale00:08:38
dungeon of an absolutely incredible project00:08:40
what you have is to go with a00:08:42
solar plane in the stratosphere with00:08:45
the only way of the solar plane we go00:08:47
talk about it obviously but we have the chance00:08:49
to have two adventurers here if you00:08:51
you want to chat directly00:08:53
with them you want to ask them00:08:54
questions or not00:08:57
you don't hesitate to raise your hand00:08:59
I come to you, I come to you00:09:02
bring the microphone you can chat00:09:04
directly and that's it, it's that simple00:09:06
that so don't hesitate to do it and00:09:08
then otherwise well I continue00:09:12
one second I come to you00:09:19
I would like to know the training00:09:20
that you both have00:09:23
little ones for this kind of adventure00:09:26
you have done bac pro adventurers one00:09:28
and the other is this00:09:30
I personally went back -300:09:34
[Laughs]00:09:37
but you have it wasn't it wasn't00:09:39
your thing00:09:41
and when I wanted when I wanted00:09:44
driving we had to get back to it so00:09:46
I took evening classes but00:09:49
later I was 23 because there was00:09:50
maths there when you want to control the00:09:53
rule of three the rule of three good that00:09:54
come on you know that it happens we can do it00:09:57
get there we can still get there ah well00:09:59
There00:10:01
adventurers then you burst dungeon this00:10:04
how did you come about what training00:10:07
well I didn't think I could00:10:09
do what I do today00:10:10
thought everything had been done as00:10:12
you explained it at the start I00:10:14
thought the last great adventure00:10:15
it was Bertrand Picard and Brian Jones00:10:18
who made the first trip around the world00:10:19
with a with a non-stop balloon and00:10:22
then finally when I noticed that00:10:24
my real one probably had to00:10:26
rewrite all these stories00:10:27
renewable energies well I am00:10:29
launched but I have quite a journey00:10:32
atypical so I did an apprenticeship00:10:34
then a mechanic after I did00:10:36
an engineering school after which I00:10:38
put in rescue by a Medic I00:10:40
trained as a mountain guide00:10:41
of pilots so I did a lot of00:10:42
things and I always told myself that00:10:44
all these things were a bit00:10:45
too bad because it wasn't much use00:10:47
something finally, well, that allowed me00:10:49
to do what I do today00:10:50
here's to the adventure of00:10:52
exploration you have to know a little bit of everything00:10:54
to do you actually have to be a handyman00:10:56
you have to be able to do everything00:10:59
be a good handyman00:11:01
but there is no training that exists00:11:02
unfortunately and there you said that it00:11:06
we have to redo everything a bit with resources00:11:08
sustainable, that’s it, well yes I think that00:11:11
the great adventures first there were00:11:13
the great geographical adventures00:11:14
finally discover this planet00:11:15
then there was the 20th century it was00:11:18
here is the first round the world balloon trip00:11:20
it was going to reach the North Pole in00:11:24
solitary the highest peaks of the00:11:27
planet and today it is necessary it is necessary00:11:30
rewrite that so a century ago by00:11:33
example we did the first one first00:11:36
flight New York Paris it was Lindberg00:11:38
now we'll have to do it again but00:11:40
without fuel in any case without energy00:11:43
fossil and that's what's incredible00:11:44
and this is where aviation has a role00:11:46
to play pioneers again, that's what00:11:48
who is the most difficult to decarbonize00:11:49
aviation is the best00:11:51
difficult to decarbonize more difficult to00:11:53
decarbonizing in my opinion is also not00:11:55
necessarily where there is the biggest00:11:56
impact from a CO2 point of view00:11:59
to these 3% of CO2 but if is capable of00:12:02
decarbonizing means that everything00:12:04
rest it will be possible and I think that00:12:06
what could be incredible is00:12:07
if it aviation instead of being the00:12:09
defensive and whether to justify yourself by saying00:12:12
that it is necessary that it will be possible to00:12:13
continue one day we will decarbonize00:12:15
could become pioneers again00:12:17
amazing things to show the00:12:19
ultimately path to what is possible00:12:21
and also to industrialists and the economy00:12:24
so there is definitely a role for00:12:25
incredible thanks to aviation for00:12:27
give hope bring optimism and00:12:30
show the way00:12:32
then show the way bring from00:12:34
hope to do incredible things00:12:36
this is what you decided to do00:12:38
with your new project there it is00:12:43
Stratos I have in the right direction there it is00:12:46
just ah okay then is it00:12:48
that we can look in pictures at what00:12:49
you anticipate this will all be so on the00:12:52
Stratos it's him it's this machine this00:12:56
device this00:12:58
aircraft do they tell us one00:13:00
word yes so in fact the stratosphere00:13:03
this is the final step the final goal00:13:05
know that we imagined this solar plane00:13:08
which has a wingspan of 25 meters which is00:13:09
very light but it's a two-seater and that00:13:12
it was what we wanted we got00:13:13
built that means there was no00:13:14
plane on the airby place so there was00:13:15
no solar plane that can be00:13:17
carried a passenger and see with00:13:19
Planet Solar we could transport00:13:21
people on the boat I wanted00:13:22
be able to transport people with this00:13:24
plane to do other first i00:13:26
I was the first to jump out of my00:13:27
plane so we were the first to00:13:29
jumping from an electric plane we are00:13:30
passed right in front of the Americans and00:13:32
do a solar free fall you me00:13:34
say it's useless I'm free00:13:35
solar why in what way are the00:13:36
solar we see you there so here we go00:13:39
makes the energy that allows you to fly00:13:41
when you're a skydiver it's00:13:42
the potential energy you have in00:13:44
store during the climb of the plane and00:13:45
the rise of the plane was made thanks to00:13:47
solar energy produced by our00:13:49
solar panels and so it was the00:13:51
first an electric plane jumps which00:13:53
is still important it shows that00:13:55
finally skydiving we will be able to00:13:56
do without emitting CO2 without noise and00:14:00
without emitting and sinking fuels00:14:03
and then the solar fall, well there you go00:14:05
the energy it took me to mount the00:14:07
solar therefore the energy which allows me to00:14:09
to jump and fly under my sail is00:14:11
solar is absolutely the sun then00:14:13
we can see there also the00:14:15
solar panels that cover the wing00:14:19
this plane how far you have it00:14:22
found on shelf to what extent00:14:23
you drew it00:14:26
so in fact no it was necessary there was00:14:28
no plane on the two-seater that existed00:14:30
on the market so we finally met00:14:32
finally discovered a company that00:14:34
manufactured electric planes and00:14:35
solar panels Electra solar and together with00:14:38
them we drew starvion we have we have00:14:40
built so I'm not the designer00:14:42
I take care of finding the money00:14:45
communicate and steal it and we have00:14:47
built this plane Lopez we improve it00:14:49
to go further and further thanks to00:14:51
this plane, the objective now is00:14:53
the 10,000 meters of the first to pass00:14:54
10 mm in electric and solar aircraft00:14:56
because that's what I wanted to go to00:14:57
stratosphere with this plane then we00:14:59
sees the idea there one of many00:15:01
much more above finally the 1300:15:04
above the clouds for once00:15:06
10 mm then you exceed them 1000000:15:09
meters is not yet the stratosphere00:15:10
10,000 m is typically where a00:15:13
long haul what quite so00:15:14
today the plane resort00:15:15
electric and solar it doesn't happen00:15:17
plus it's Bertrand in the crossing of the00:15:19
Pacific Bertrand Picard Bertrand00:15:21
Picard 9200 meters so the objective is00:15:23
from your first to 10 mm and after00:15:26
continue it's all good00:15:27
continue and then go into the00:15:28
stratosphere to stratosphere that's where we00:15:30
East00:15:32
we are in the troposphere and then00:15:34
the objective is to be able to go to00:15:36
above the trumpet in the00:15:37
stratosphere then from 16000 to 18 mm and00:15:40
to realize the legend of Icarus 4000 years00:15:43
later the legend of dica with a00:15:46
solar plane so that means that we00:15:49
is making a bet New York00:15:52
or whatever and then we can see a00:15:54
given moment you who are in the process of to00:15:58
side no maybe not all the same00:15:59
altitude still we will be higher we00:16:03
is small of us you shouldn't us00:16:04
see and on a New York Paris00:16:06
normally we shouldn't be when00:16:07
even we will be in air spaces00:16:09
which are well defined it's an adventure00:16:11
it's a prototype it's dangerous therefore00:16:13
we are we are not supposed to be zones00:16:15
where there are planes civil planes00:16:17
civil transport planes are falling00:16:19
well then the stratosphere is beyond00:16:22
10000 meters it starts at 1200000:16:24
meters00:16:25
rather at home there were more like 16,000 of us00:16:28
almost at home I would say00:16:31
in Europe00:16:33
Western 42 North attitude00:16:37
All right00:16:39
incredible that too it's true that00:16:41
some applause I have00:16:42
the impression no what were we thinking00:16:44
[Applause]00:16:46
Sabine I think we have arrived00:16:48
at the end of our00:16:49
yes that's it good that's it that's it00:16:52
next so which is very00:16:54
interesting is that it's a plane00:16:57
exists you created it you have it00:16:58
drawn00:17:00
and what you want to do is00:17:02
make incremental changes to00:17:04
allow it to rise ever higher00:17:06
up there how high are you00:17:08
maximum what altitude yes well in fact00:17:10
it's a prototype so it has to be done00:17:12
move forward we must now we are in00:17:14
working on the beds we had to00:17:15
make stands for problems00:17:18
of floats we must we must optimize00:17:20
we have to move it forward anyway00:17:21
the plane is not very far from here00:17:22
is after the Airbus stand it is00:17:23
exceptionally here in the living room00:17:27
because if I go if I go along00:17:29
of the track there it is on the left to the right00:17:31
it's on the left you go to the bottom00:17:32
it's like the end of the world and we00:17:34
it's just after so basically you have00:17:36
Airbus and it's just after that's where00:17:38
there is it's just before the stands00:17:39
to go see the Airbus and when you00:17:42
you're Airbus fast but it's not Airbus00:17:43
who interests me I don't care what I00:17:44
let's see it's the only art it's a00:17:47
great idea, that was some good ideas00:17:48
eh that's good very good00:17:50
perfect we will obviously go see you00:17:52
so well we will continue with you00:17:55
hic ah bah yes bah there we have all the00:17:57
images there it's perfect and then you00:17:59
also you have quite a project00:18:01
amazing after having gone around00:18:03
the article like that you have another00:18:06
project tell us what it is00:18:09
new project which is yours then00:18:11
it is a project00:18:12
protean or roughly speaking we try00:18:18
by breaking down technological barriers00:18:20
gradually a bit like Raphaël00:18:24
so absolutely so let's go step by step00:18:26
by step anyway all these00:18:29
adventures there are possible00:18:30
not because we find00:18:33
a key or but because we find a00:18:36
set of keys and solutions therefore00:18:37
it's it's holistic approaches00:18:38
who make things end00:18:44
move forward on the on the next project the00:18:47
how to say00:18:50
There is00:18:51
this need for demonstration00:18:54
technological to say hey, that’s it00:18:56
it's possible we can go to the00:18:58
stratosphere we can and it's it's00:19:02
an essential fuel for people00:19:05
keep moving and then and then00:19:08
before in this human history in00:19:10
parallel to that there is the emergency00:19:13
straight away and00:19:17
this need to change paradigm00:19:19
Effectively00:19:20
on a whole bunch of questions and that00:19:22
or the questions of agrovoltaism00:19:25
takes for example or00:19:27
agrovoltaism I don't know at all00:19:29
what it is00:19:30
I assure you00:19:33
roughly speaking agriculture panels00:19:36
solar all living in harmony and00:19:39
how00:19:43
what I mean by that is that00:19:44
solutions in fact on this planet there00:19:45
I'm in a mess about what we need00:19:48
in fact there are two scales of00:19:50
temporality there is what we are aiming for00:19:52
for example the aviation of tomorrow00:19:54
carbonaceous and it will arrive this aviation00:19:55
and I call on him with all my wishes00:19:57
problem for me today is00:20:00
that she is she is that the day after tomorrow and00:20:03
that we have problems to resolve all of the time00:20:04
following00:20:05
so we try to get started in the00:20:08
large-scale problem solving00:20:10
on the means not on the table in all00:20:12
on technology but counting on00:20:14
is based on humans and it's a00:20:19
combination of these two means which00:20:20
will mean that on arrival we will end up there00:20:22
arrive yeah no no I'm listening to you00:20:24
your project is full of marble it is00:20:27
Gosh, it's not quite the plane00:20:28
that we see behind that that's it that's a00:20:31
a little bit after you your playnb is00:20:33
it's a plane that's the r.a of and00:20:37
besides it is a00:20:39
that was an artist's view from ago00:20:41
a long time and it looks more like this00:20:44
it's a little more like that now00:20:45
okay so full of marble it was a00:20:48
full electric prototype like you00:20:51
you said a two-seater so that makes it00:20:54
it makes you think yes00:20:57
burst dungeon you want to take some00:20:59
world no it doesn't make sense so we're going00:21:01
look at this image a little00:21:02
maybe later but so the idea is00:21:05
a low emission two-seater 10 tonnes00:21:08
emissions00:21:10
and you want to have the biggest impact00:21:12
low possible on production and00:21:14
power quality with your plane where00:21:16
are you going with that00:21:18
the idea in fact is to go there whatever00:21:20
I like in all this it's the idea of00:21:22
challenge for example when00:21:25
we can embark on an adventure in00:21:28
saying I want to be the first to do00:21:29
that's a good engine that allows you to00:21:31
deploy a whole lot of energy or00:21:33
we can embark on an adventure in00:21:36
saying thin there is the other who told me00:21:38
challenged from there in this case that we00:21:39
try to do it's how to say00:21:44
to carefully weigh the relationship between the00:21:46
service rendered so there for once we00:21:49
is in concrete terms the merchant mass00:21:50
what is it, how many kilos do we arrive at?00:21:52
take it to where and have an impact00:21:55
zero real and that's the whole of the00:22:00
how to say it's the spine00:22:02
in fact the goal of the whole process00:22:03
it's arriving with this plane00:22:08
but we're not there yet, we're going00:22:10
this will be the one with 19 seats00:22:12
or that's it, it's 19 places okay00:22:14
phrase its first flight in 202800:22:16
normally but for now we00:22:19
is a two-seater00:22:21
electric with a not huge range00:22:24
without more than 150 nautical miles being00:22:27
150 nautical miles must be multiplied by 1.900:22:30
to get the number of kilometers yeah00:22:32
85700:22:33
but exactly and the idea is to00:22:37
go through the steps one after the other00:22:38
others my great difficulty as to00:22:41
the time of polarkit was to find00:22:42
a way to have a plane that is00:22:43
operational in remote areas there are00:22:46
places on this planet where it is00:22:47
complicated to have access to electricity00:22:50
for example in the African continent00:22:52
there are 70% of people who do not have00:22:55
access to electricity00:22:57
go and recharge your batteries00:22:59
electric that we would go and take00:23:02
on the on the grid00:23:05
in a place where people don't have00:23:08
access to electricity or it doesn't matter00:23:10
necessarily makes sense in fact if we want00:23:13
to be able to reach areas I take00:23:16
the example of Omanak for example where I00:23:17
the images we saw earlier00:23:18
with dogs and sleds00:23:20
Greenland when00:23:24
a pregnancy, for example, goes badly00:23:25
or that it goes well elsewhere we00:23:27
it's going to go, it's coming to an end, we're at 900:23:29
month and00:23:31
since the spender is closed it00:23:34
you have to reach the town of nape to00:23:37
power00:23:40
find a hospital00:23:42
THE00:23:44
journey there00:23:46
today it is made by a00:23:48
helicopter then a switch one00:23:51
second switch a third00:23:52
switch and it's a day of00:23:53
travel roughly if the weather is00:23:55
bear with me what00:23:58
I'm longing to know how we00:24:00
solve the equation while waiting to have00:24:03
electric stride planes00:24:06
able to do that and it won't happen00:24:08
tomorrow morning how do we get00:24:11
the minimum impact to take these people00:24:14
there who need it from one point to00:24:16
the other and to have rapid results00:24:22
then we can see everything leaving because00:24:24
are we coming to the end soon?00:24:26
one or the other person would like to chat00:24:29
with Loïc Blaise with Raphaël donjean00:24:32
it's a bit the last the last00:24:35
time to do it but otherwise it's a00:24:38
little want of you00:24:45
I wanted to know who financed everything00:24:47
these projects00:24:48
the boat the plane finally it is located at00:24:52
side of the money who finances that who who00:24:54
support you on this00:24:57
and how do you find them00:24:58
also those who are ready to put in00:25:00
the money in it then it's on00:25:03
polarkid it was00:25:05
my biggest sponsor was myself00:25:08
because when I lost my license00:25:10
pilot00:25:12
I had insurance this insurance I00:25:15
told myself that I was going to take the00:25:16
most expensive lottery ticket00:25:18
the story and bet on me to make00:25:20
live this adventure and be able to00:25:22
take it to the end and then00:25:24
I went looking for other partners00:25:27
little by little it became a multiplicity00:25:28
little people partners I have00:25:32
met Raphaël elsewhere when00:25:33
I was putting together polarkid00:25:35
among others and therefore people who have00:25:38
hand strokes or from a point00:25:39
from a technical point of view either on the network on00:25:41
I didn't get it up very much00:25:43
silver00:25:45
and we instead made do with the means of00:25:47
edge I even took a I took a loan00:25:50
10,000 balls in the bank the day before00:25:52
of polarkid's takeoff to succeed in00:25:54
complete the financing to be certain00:25:56
to reach the end of this world tour00:25:57
so on to the other project00:26:01
playby there you are to naughty with a00:26:05
company of a start-up called00:26:07
will have Aero quite they are doing00:26:10
to develop solar planes and00:26:12
so it obviously interests them that00:26:14
you are with them then they are not00:26:17
solar planes which deploy there00:26:19
currently working on planes so that's the end of the answer00:26:23
to the question the second type of00:26:25
partnership that we can have and then that00:26:27
which I got elsewhere on polarky00:26:29
also and often in history00:26:31
aeronautics we realize that00:26:33
projects like that have been delivered00:26:35
possible because there was a00:26:36
partnership with an industrial00:26:37
builder who wanted to00:26:39
get involved and who shared this vision00:26:41
there00:26:42
and there we therefore see PNB therefore obviously00:26:44
it's not a solar plane it's a00:26:46
electric plane with batteries00:26:47
there you have it00:26:49
and then Rafael donjean then you00:26:52
how do you finance your00:26:53
various adventures because there are also00:26:55
the kayak finally we only talked about it two00:26:58
only two big adventures but there00:27:01
has another00:27:02
in fact yeah we financed it with00:27:04
sponsors therefore sponsors who are00:27:06
95% private so solar planet it was00:27:09
a big budget of 130 million euros00:27:11
around 30 million euros00:27:15
at some point we stop calculating00:27:17
It makes you dizzy, so it’s00:27:19
mainly sponsors I would say to00:27:22
90 95% and also the help here is from the public00:27:26
we raise from Switzerland to speak again a00:27:29
salad we had help from France not00:27:30
with money but with Météo France00:27:32
who did all the routing for us and who00:27:34
sent us all the weather data00:27:35
free00:27:36
who participated in this adventure here00:27:39
and there it is, it's the first00:27:41
difficulty on this kind of adventure00:27:42
it's finding the money it's very00:27:44
complicated and it also still allows00:27:46
to have a good idea of checking whether00:27:49
the idea is good and then you have to00:27:51
make it as salesy as possible00:27:53
it's actually a difficulty but00:27:55
it's also a chance if we get to the00:27:57
finance means that the idea is00:27:59
good and we have a good chance of00:28:01
succeed00:28:04
so maybe one last question00:28:06
how do you see one00:28:07
nelouth the future of aviation the future00:28:09
air transport00:28:11
we have this climate change00:28:14
absolutely considerable humanity must00:28:18
take charge here we have00:28:20
solutions which are solutions which00:28:21
are proposed by innovation for00:28:23
decarbonize aviation00:28:25
how well does it all work?00:28:28
and well nested the hit works well00:28:31
Blaise the future of aviation00:28:34
I think the future and aviation will00:28:36
it happened several years ago00:28:38
several levels and the first level00:28:39
it's trying to understand the idea00:28:43
of an airplane it works with00:28:45
constraints and we cannot deny them00:28:46
they are there on00:28:48
on our planet it's the same thing we00:28:50
needs to stay in balance00:28:53
the first lever to decarbonize00:28:55
aviation is not taking a plane00:28:57
no really it's that I'm not00:29:01
telling you it's wrong to00:29:02
take the plane I simply put the00:29:04
question of ends and means when00:29:05
we get on a plane that's why00:29:07
do if it involves going for a00:29:09
open heart operation in Ajaccio and there00:29:12
go quickly because there is an emergency00:29:13
the plane is our best friend we have00:29:15
need we all agree on that if00:29:18
we are really very in love with this00:29:20
girl and that's the story of one he00:29:22
no lifetime and she's on another00:29:25
continent and that we must at all costs00:29:26
let's go see her I think it's00:29:28
not so bad to take a plane just there00:29:31
you shouldn't take it every weekend00:29:32
you shouldn't do anything and00:29:34
once again ask yourself the question of00:29:36
the end and means why is this00:29:37
let's move, what service does that provide?00:29:40
then to yourself it's a good00:29:41
question and what service does it provide to the00:29:44
community00:29:45
we saw last winter that we succeeded00:29:49
collectively in France fell by 13%00:29:51
our energy consumption00:29:54
we didn't invent a great technology00:29:56
to make this possible we did it00:29:58
we turned down the heating ourselves00:30:00
we paid attention to the power strips my mother00:30:03
has become a super pro at power strips00:30:06
everywhere in the house and before00:30:07
go out she turns off all the buttons00:30:09
but held his bet on his bill00:30:13
of electricity it was seen00:30:16
I think we need00:30:18
as much as possible reason collectively if00:30:21
we want to succeed in moving forward if we want00:30:22
have a possible future and not be00:30:24
in a split with breaks00:30:27
social societal00:30:30
and not all relying on technology by00:30:32
against we need technology we00:30:34
needs to search we need to00:30:36
exceed the limits and00:30:38
but between the two we will have to tighten00:30:41
the belt there is no solution00:30:42
magical overnight, here's a roundup00:30:46
keep the future of aviation00:30:48
so I think that the shutter you00:30:50
know we were for 240 million00:30:53
hunter gatherers I don't know if00:30:54
among you there are people who have00:30:56
walked in places that are00:30:58
absolutely not impacted by man00:31:00
moving nature is very00:31:02
complicated because you have forests00:31:03
swamps rivers one here we go00:31:06
advance at 3,400,500 meters hours me I00:31:09
I am convinced that the dream of flying has00:31:11
was the first dream of Homo sapiens and00:31:13
the whole generation of homo so I00:31:15
don't quite share the point of view00:31:16
I am moving away from the point of view00:31:18
by Loïc Blaise to pay attention to00:31:20
its ideologists these extremists a little00:31:23
dogmatists who tell us that we can00:31:24
more to steal than it is necessary yes it is necessary to have00:31:26
more awareness of what we are doing but00:31:28
all civilizations which regress00:31:31
gone until today so now00:31:33
stealing would be something that00:31:35
should be more than useful I thought00:31:38
extremely dangerous because it wants00:31:39
to say that we will no longer have the right to dream00:31:40
and me what I find incredible see00:31:42
there are people who tell us that we00:31:43
will no longer be able to fly but to see all these00:31:44
young people who are here yesterday there were00:31:46
80,000 people I think today00:31:48
we are expecting 100 people so the dream of00:31:50
flying is something important00:31:52
we must allow the dream there is what is00:31:54
useful but what is essential nourish00:31:56
our dreams our soul separates while flying00:31:59
it is through literature, culture00:32:01
cinema all this has an impact on00:32:03
the environment what we must achieve00:32:04
to do is to limit this bait the most00:32:06
possible thanks to our wisdom thanks to00:32:08
technology therefore aviation does not have00:32:10
no choice to decarbonize or become00:32:12
more respectful of our environment00:32:14
of our atmosphere and finally it is00:32:17
incredibly lucky I found these00:32:19
difficulties that await us are00:32:21
also finally in this very world00:32:23
complex it is the only fight which we00:32:25
It's everyone's fight00:32:28
borders to CO2 it passes its00:32:30
borders so I believe that aviation00:32:31
she can show the way and then00:32:33
flying must always be a dream and00:32:36
then imagine a useful world it would be00:32:38
terrible so we must imagine a world00:32:40
where we always do things to each other00:32:41
useless but which are essential and00:32:43
chasing the dream is super important00:32:45
and aviation can contribute to that00:32:50
so at 11:30 a.m. right here we are going to have a00:32:53
meeting with Valérie Masson Delmotte00:32:55
she is a climatologist she is one of00:32:57
people who run the IPCC you00:33:00
know it's the group of experts00:33:03
climate so she is a climatologist00:33:07
she knows these subjects very well and we00:33:09
will have to ask him questions00:33:10
young high school student a student00:33:14
doctoral student who will be there and who will00:33:15
try him in know more hairstyle00:33:17
possible climate trajectories00:33:20
for the planet and then what do we00:33:23
can do how do we00:33:24
can act in this direction and then when00:33:28
between you two well listen we're going we're going to you00:33:31
we wait for lots of marbles to fly this00:33:34
biplast electric plane it's going to be00:33:36
extraordinary and then on the Stratos there00:33:38
it's concrete we can see it00:33:39
directly if you are going to ask yourself00:33:41
the little the little Airbus stand there00:33:44
at the very end and next to it there is the big one00:33:46
stand on the Stratos that we can go00:33:49
see00:33:50
together thank you very much with you we have00:33:53
understood that we could steal that we00:33:54
could dream while keeping his feet00:33:57
on earth and saying to yourself yeah that's it00:33:58
what impact we have on the planet00:34:01
what can we do how00:34:02
can we act how00:34:04
technology can help us what are00:34:06
the limits of technology too00:34:07
thank you both so much for being00:34:09
came to remind us of Raphaël dungeon and00:34:12
Loïc Blaise thank you very much to everyone00:34:14
two thanks Paul thank you00:34:21
ah yes and as for us so we00:34:23
meet at 11:30 a.m. see you right away00:34:29
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hello everyone welcome welcome to00:49:37
Paris Saint-Germain here we talk00:49:40
of innovation we talk about technology we00:49:42
we're talking about nothing, we're talking about decarbonization00:49:44
that's what we're aiming for here, that's how00:49:47
innovation can help decarbonize00:49:49
the aerial00:49:52
and here begins a big table00:49:54
round and which I would like to introduce in00:49:58
telling you about what happened00:50:00
last five billion years ago00:50:03
5 billion years old planet Earth00:50:04
was born appeared and after these 500:50:07
billions of years ago when we00:50:08
we currently find there is a00:50:09
species that dominates this planet Earth00:50:11
it is the human species that has conquered00:50:14
earth she conquered the sea and for this00:50:16
which concerns us here at the salon du00:50:18
Bourget she also conquered the sky and00:50:20
space humans have never been00:50:22
as powerful inventive creative ever00:50:26
They were never so knowing they00:50:29
lived this long only this00:50:31
absolutely considerable progress achieved00:50:34
today the limits of the planet and00:50:36
the limits of what the planet can00:50:37
then offer what are the00:50:39
perspectives how can we00:50:40
act how can we react00:50:42
in the face of climate change what role00:50:45
can innovation play a role00:50:47
the innovation you have here in Paris00:50:50
sterlab the temple regarding00:50:52
aeronautics so to talk about it we have00:50:55
invited an exceptional personality00:50:56
she is a Paleo climatologist which00:51:00
means that she is interested in her00:51:02
scientific research into climate00:51:05
past ages she is also director of00:51:07
research and it is the component of00:51:10
group number 1 of the GIAC since 2015 I00:51:13
will explain to you exactly what00:51:15
that means when she will be on stage00:51:18
and she's going to go on stage now00:51:19
if you applause please00:51:20
It’s Valérie Masson Delmotte00:51:22
[Applause]00:51:29
hello Valérie vassondelmotte was holding00:51:31
take00:51:33
a microphone thank you very much for being with us00:51:35
today therefore we must explain this00:51:38
what is co-president of the group00:51:40
number 1 of the IPCC what is the IPCC00:51:44
It’s intergovernmental of experts00:51:45
on climate change it is a00:51:48
body responsible for taking stock of00:51:50
the state of scientific knowledge00:51:51
economic techniques with regard to00:51:54
understanding of how the00:51:55
climate but also with regard to risks00:51:58
and finally vis-à-vis and especially00:52:00
levers of action that make it possible to00:52:02
facing a changing climate adaptation00:52:04
and which make it possible to limit the extent00:52:07
of climate change therefore by00:52:09
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions00:52:11
greenhouse or decarbonization and therefore the00:52:12
IPCC is charged by representatives of00:52:15
all countries to request00:52:18
scientists from around the world who00:52:19
review the state of00:52:21
knowledge which distills it and which00:52:23
make reports which are themselves00:52:25
delivered to representatives of all countries00:52:27
who actually participate in the proposal00:52:31
of scientists to write them which00:52:33
participate in proofreading and finishing00:52:34
who approves their reports their summaries00:52:37
word by word and sentence by sentence and00:52:39
doing this co-production work allows00:52:42
to have a common scientific base00:52:43
recognized all and even separated in fact00:52:46
this scientific observation of the negotiations00:52:48
international for example on the00:52:50
climate so the IPCC is thousands00:52:53
researchers from all over the world00:52:55
many climatologists but not00:52:56
only and together you bring together00:52:59
all the knowledge available on the00:53:00
climate and you make reports00:53:02
notably one which falls every 5 years I00:53:04
believe and which is the sum each time00:53:06
we're waiting for it, it's a bit like the Bible and which00:53:08
really indicates where the00:53:10
planet is heading in terms of climate00:53:11
yes in fact for this evaluation00:53:15
2015-2023 we delivered three reports00:53:17
specials a ratio of 1 and a half degrees00:53:19
global warming on demand00:53:21
the cop21 which was held here and00:53:24
who asked scientists00:53:25
to finally shed light on what would be implied00:53:27
to limit warming to one degree00:53:29
and a half compared to other levels00:53:30
we had already shown that it would be a00:53:32
unprecedented challenge then a report00:53:34
on the ocean and the cryosphere everything that00:53:37
is snowy and icy in a climate that00:53:39
change which actually showed our00:53:41
dependence our interdependencies with00:53:43
natural environments and the challenges of00:53:44
resilience changes too00:53:47
inevitable in the long term a relationship00:53:49
special on climate change and00:53:51
land use with issues00:53:53
food safety of multiple00:53:55
land use expectations00:53:57
for example to produce fuel00:53:59
sustainable to preserve biodiversity00:54:01
store carbon and then feed ourselves00:54:02
also therefore multiple challenges and00:54:05
finally three big reports one on the00:54:07
physical part of the climate that I co00:54:09
supervised one on the risk part00:54:12
vulnerability adaptation and finally one00:54:14
on mitigation and all that fueled a00:54:17
summary report that was finalized in00:54:19
last March so 100 pages of report00:54:21
summary 30 pages of summary and00:54:23
behind all that it's 85,00000:54:25
scientific publications reviewed by00:54:27
critically a thousand scientists who00:54:29
wrote the reports of thousands of00:54:32
contributors thousands of reviewers00:54:33
and therefore this is what allows us to have the00:54:36
end of this scientific reference base00:54:39
then you noticed that there are00:54:41
armchairs around us because we00:54:44
will be joined by the organizers00:54:46
had the excellent idea of asking00:54:49
young people and then those who are not so young00:54:51
come and ask their questions directly00:54:54
to Valérie Masson Delmotte and I call00:54:56
so Apolline Mélissa Thomas Maxime will00:54:59
come join us00:55:02
[Applause]00:55:09
hello everyone, thank you very much for your00:55:11
presence do we start with you00:55:13
Maxime, would you like to tell us00:55:14
who are you00:55:16
Hello everyone00:55:18
Really00:55:20
I am a doctoral student in optimization at00:55:23
ONERA therefore which is the National Office00:55:25
of studies and research in aerospace00:55:27
roughly it's a bit like NASA00:55:29
French and so I take care of00:55:31
aerodynamic optimization so I help00:55:34
in fact my colleagues to develop00:55:35
new methodologies to enable00:55:37
aircraft and turbo design00:55:40
machine of the future like the one we have00:55:41
presented here at the back of the room00:55:44
and Maxime we saw you, you are here for00:55:47
explain a lot of things and that's00:55:48
great I recommend Maxime if you00:55:50
want to know more about innovation and00:55:52
aeronautics Apolline tell us who you are00:55:55
hello my name is Apolline volcano and00:55:57
I'm in fourth grade here and I00:56:01
asked you what do you want to later do space00:56:04
aeronautics of the right of agreement very00:56:06
well there is no problem there is no00:56:08
issue00:56:09
Mélissa hello So I am00:56:12
Mélissa I am a first year apprentice00:56:14
year of professional avionics baccalaureate so I do00:56:17
I encountered learning with the00:56:19
Air France industry company and then00:56:22
at the same time I am taking a professional baccalaureate with the00:56:25
CFA of fmail00:56:26
this is the name of your training center00:56:29
of afmae apprentice actually who is00:56:32
specialized in aerial trades00:56:33
that's it and we're going they're going to00:56:35
share a microphone thank you very much00:56:37
and Thomas hello everyone so I00:56:39
my name is Thomas, I'm a hipster00:56:42
so third year student00:56:44
at the Polytechnic Institute of Sciences00:56:46
advances in aerospace aeronautics and00:56:49
so I'm here to see the00:56:51
two with you and exchange with you00:56:53
great thank you very much then you did00:56:56
a quick first question to00:56:57
Pauline then just the rules of the game we00:56:59
asked you what your00:57:00
questions you sent them we have them00:57:02
recovered and then here you are00:57:03
want to ask there is no there was00:57:06
a first question that I think of00:57:07
start the debate well since when00:57:10
really interested in change00:57:12
climatic00:57:13
so in fact the first report00:57:14
scientific with regard to influence00:57:17
human influence on the planetary climate is00:57:19
a report from the Academy of Sciences00:57:20
from the United States in 1979 and since in fact00:57:24
knowledge has only00:57:25
refine and at the time so at the end00:57:27
in the 70s we had already understood that00:57:29
greenhouse gas concentration00:57:31
increased in the atmosphere and00:57:33
it was the consequence of the activities00:57:34
humans we already had models of00:57:37
much less advanced climate00:57:38
that today which rely on the00:57:39
fluid physics the same physics00:57:41
that you use in the airline industry00:57:43
which was much less complete00:57:45
that today we were mainly looking00:57:46
the atmosphere but not the connection with00:57:48
the ocean the ice the soil the biosphere00:57:51
or atmospheric chemistry and on the00:57:54
basis of the elements available in fact it00:57:56
there was already an idea that the activities00:57:58
human beings to contribute to affecting the00:58:01
planetary climate would there be00:58:03
major consequences for say00:58:05
living conditions and therefore00:58:07
scientific knowledge has00:58:08
refined and for example on the part00:58:10
physical functioning of the climate00:58:12
Today00:58:13
mobilizes a set of sources of00:58:14
knowledge we mobilize climates00:58:16
past but we also mobilize the00:58:17
observations the understanding of00:58:19
process all loops00:58:21
feedback in the operation of the00:58:22
climate modeling of climate and00:58:25
of the earth system on a planetary scale00:58:27
and on a regional scale and that's what00:58:29
allows us both to give meaning to00:58:31
what is observed and understand the00:58:33
break represented by influence00:58:34
human impact on the planetary climate00:58:37
also allows you to have a capacity00:58:39
anticipation, that is to say providing the00:58:42
company an assessment of what will be00:58:44
the characteristics that will change00:58:45
in every region of the world to be able to00:58:47
take it into account and prepare for it and that00:58:50
also allows us to illuminate the00:58:52
strategies that can help00:58:54
reduce greenhouse gas emissions00:58:56
greenhouse in all sectors of activity00:58:57
and therefore at the beginning climate sciences00:59:00
it was mostly physics00:59:01
earth system and now we are on00:59:03
climate change sciences where00:59:06
we mobilize in all disciplines the00:59:08
law biology science00:59:10
the engineer the economy in all00:59:12
areas of agron both to evaluate00:59:15
what are the action options for00:59:17
adapt to a changing climate and then00:59:19
sector of activity by sector00:59:20
of activity for example transport00:59:22
evaluate which solutions have00:59:25
been already tested which can be00:59:26
deployed and also shed light on the need for00:59:29
development research to create00:59:31
disruptions and enable decarbonization00:59:33
sectors that are currently difficult to00:59:35
decarbonize and therefore it really supports00:59:37
on a body of knowledge in00:59:40
all disciplinary fields we are00:59:42
even capable today of evaluating this00:59:44
that we are allowed to make policies00:59:46
public for example we know00:59:48
today that we were able to avoid several00:59:49
billion tonnes of gas emissions00:59:52
greenhouse effect every year in the00:59:53
world through international agreements00:59:56
but also by public policies00:59:58
of innovation which, for example, have made01:00:02
more affordable production01:00:04
carbon electricity in particular01:00:05
photovoltaic wind batteries which01:00:09
make it possible to electrify certain01:00:10
mobility and therefore whose costs have01:00:13
lowered the capacities to be installed01:00:15
increased we can actually evaluate what01:00:17
this has already made it possible to avoid and I try to01:00:19
underline this side, that is to say we01:00:21
is not in a situation where we01:00:22
produces knowledge we are in01:00:24
a situation where societies everywhere01:00:26
in the world01:00:28
observe this changing climate react01:00:31
anticipates and therefore we can also measure01:00:33
ultimately what we can gain by01:00:36
gas emission terms01:00:38
greenhouse avoid it’s still not enough01:00:40
but it’s progressing and we can also measure01:00:43
the effectiveness of adaptation actions01:00:45
who are moving forward but who are not either01:00:47
sufficient we can clearly see here for example01:00:48
that the design of this type of01:00:51
buildings are not suitable for01:00:53
temperature conditions of the month of01:00:54
June of the Paris region of the climate01:00:57
202301:00:58
so we have a slide for you01:01:01
available if you want the01:01:04
Launching is always possible01:01:06
when we move on to the future very well01:01:08
so we first talked about where01:01:11
we are climate change01:01:12
today for you we can01:01:14
move directly to the possible future or01:01:16
do you want to make a point01:01:17
additional on that what we01:01:19
can01:01:20
[Music]01:01:22
tell degree of warming on the01:01:24
last decade compared to the end01:01:25
of the 19th century a warming which is01:01:28
more pronounced above the continents01:01:29
than the global average in France01:01:31
it is rather 1.9 degrees compared to01:01:34
a planetary average of one point 1501:01:35
degrees which also manifests itself by a01:01:38
acceleration of the rate of rise of the01:01:40
sea level therefore challenges01:01:41
considerable for the coastline01:01:44
intensification of extreme events01:01:45
therefore less extreme cold more01:01:47
extreme hot more more extreme01:01:50
an intensification of droughts01:01:52
agricultural in many regions and01:01:54
so in fact we are in the situation01:01:55
each region is affected by its01:01:59
characteristics which are due to01:02:00
human influence on climate01:02:01
planetary and after the super thing01:02:03
important to remember is that01:02:05
the future evolution of the climate it is not01:02:07
played it is not played it depends01:02:09
really future gas emissions01:02:11
greenhouse effect if we set everything to zero01:02:13
which would be a disaster for01:02:14
humanity in fact but in a view of01:02:16
mind if we set everything to zero in01:02:18
terms of gas particle emission at01:02:19
greenhouse effect there would be almost no01:02:21
additional warming to come01:02:22
there would be an inevitable rise in01:02:24
sea level adjustment time01:02:26
glaciers of the Greenland ocean01:02:28
Antarctica and therefore the thing01:02:30
important to remember is that the01:02:32
future warming will depend on01:02:34
greenhouse gas emissions that we01:02:36
loved now and then so01:02:38
we have this capacity for action which is01:02:40
important we have a capacity for action01:02:42
which is important good are we01:02:45
would move to the possible future then01:02:47
Valérie Merchant Delmotte01:02:51
I want you to let yourself do it01:02:55
that's what you have to say about01:02:58
this question of possible futures in01:03:00
launching the slide so here we go01:03:01
will launch the slide because you01:03:03
came up with that it sums up a lot01:03:04
of things with colors that are01:03:06
very telling yes so in fact the01:03:09
colors this is the bar code of01:03:10
global warming is01:03:11
available for every region of the world01:03:13
even for different cities there is a01:03:15
initiative of the Organization01:03:16
global meteorology which makes01:03:18
accessible this visualization a small01:03:19
little simplified so that illustrates the01:03:22
global warming01:03:23
until 2020 and after the bands01:03:26
future colors well they are futures01:03:28
possible so the good news is01:03:30
that the top band of broadcasts01:03:32
very high greenhouse gas01:03:35
is based on extremely01:03:36
energy intensive01:03:38
fossils are bands that are on01:03:41
the right therefore to the strip where it is written01:03:43
very high today when we loved01:03:45
a lot of greenhouse gases01:03:47
end it becomes all black then01:03:48
today we consider that this scenario01:03:50
there and the evolution of the climate which01:03:52
corresponds and less plausible01:03:54
if we look at public policies01:03:55
currently implemented in the01:03:57
world and we extrapolate them we would be01:04:00
rather on the middle part see01:04:01
intermediate therefore of the emissions which01:04:04
decrease in around twenty countries01:04:06
like in France which continues to decline01:04:08
which is rising in certain countries in01:04:10
development of certain emerging countries01:04:12
therefore which are stagnating at the global level01:04:13
a few decades before declining01:04:15
slowly so if we have this type of action01:04:19
without start without ambition more effective01:04:21
faster in fact we will have a01:04:23
global warming which would exceed01:04:25
one and a half degrees between 2030 2035 201:04:29
degrees around 2050 and we would be01:04:31
close to 3 degrees at the end of the century therefore01:04:33
this is for example the world average01:04:36
so that’s what feeds the reflection01:04:39
this is what nourishes, for example, the01:04:40
reflection of France on a framework of01:04:42
reference for adaptation because01:04:45
in France this would mean 3 degrees01:04:48
around 2050 4 degrees at the end of the century01:04:51
and to give an image 2022 it was01:04:54
the hottest year recorded in01:04:56
France would mean that one year01:04:58
like 2022 around 2050 would not be the01:05:00
record but the average year and therefore01:05:03
it is important to anticipate and01:05:05
prepare for years like 2022 more01:05:07
more frequent and then years01:05:09
with even more features01:05:11
intense here and on the other hand we can01:05:13
also win that is to say that if we01:05:15
significantly reduces gas emissions01:05:18
greenhouse effect of several percent01:05:20
every year in this case in fact you01:05:22
see that we have a warming which is01:05:24
continues but slows down and if we01:05:26
manages to have global broadcasts01:05:28
of CO2 equal to 0.net, that is to say that the01:05:31
human activities are decarbonized and01:05:34
if there are residual emissions we01:05:35
can counterbalance them with01:05:37
eliminations in this case we can01:05:39
able to stabilize the level of01:05:41
global warming typically01:05:43
after about twenty years it would be01:05:45
discernible after a very sharp drop01:05:47
that we would have engaged and therefore this illustrates01:05:50
in fact we then summarize because there is01:05:52
a lot of information01:05:53
but you say it with a smile then01:05:57
so I wonder that so you have a01:06:00
message of hope as you are in01:06:02
saying we can get there but01:06:04
you say three degrees in 2050 4 degrees01:06:08
in 2100 in France we are having trouble01:06:11
to imagine what that means01:06:13
elsewhere also because we are01:06:15
maybe rich countries that can01:06:16
we can adapt what we have money01:06:18
to insulate our homes to do this01:06:21
kind of things there I imagine01:06:22
elsewhere it is01:06:31
in fact therefore in these risks we have01:06:33
security of supply risks01:06:34
in water especially in dry regions01:06:36
we have security risks01:06:38
food, particularly because01:06:40
warmer drier conditions will01:06:42
undermine agricultural yields and with01:06:44
a growing world population01:06:45
is really in a tense situation01:06:47
with an extremely large dimension01:06:49
important issues for the01:06:51
preservation of other forms of life01:06:53
on land and at sea we actually estimate01:06:55
between a world a degree and a half higher01:06:56
hot and three degrees hotter we01:06:58
risk of loss of biodiversity01:07:00
multiplied by 10 is the number01:07:03
of species or it is the number of01:07:05
of individuals lost in fact the species01:07:08
which will be exposed to conditions01:07:09
dangerous such as the survival of01:07:12
the species is threatened so you say01:07:14
which we are going to divide by 1001:07:19
we already have a deterioration today01:07:22
ecosystem korotropical reefs01:07:24
the gorgonians in the Mediterranean with the01:07:26
heat waves forests in France01:07:29
decline we had a doubling of the01:07:31
tree mortality from a decade to01:07:33
the other and even the linked carbon sink01:07:36
to the growth of the French forest01:07:37
has been halved in a decade01:07:40
so we can see in fact what is01:07:42
is that a carbon sink has more than01:07:44
carbon it's a system if I can01:07:46
say who is capable of absorbing CO201:07:48
which is in the atmosphere and which we01:07:50
poses so many problems for the climate01:07:51
so we want carbon sinks and01:07:53
you are saying that when we01:07:55
grows trees in France01:07:56
today what is happening01:07:58
what is happening in France is that01:07:59
since the 19th century has had a tendency to01:08:01
the growth of forests so in fact01:08:03
it increases carbon storage under01:08:05
form of carbon plants in the01:08:07
soils and therefore it is a net sink of01:08:09
carbon is not a natural response01:08:11
of vegetation is our management of01:08:12
forests their growth which has01:08:14
build a carbon sink and we01:08:16
focused, for example, on the strategy01:08:18
national low carbon of France on01:08:20
a capacity of this carbon sink which01:08:22
increases to absorb approximately 7% of our01:08:24
greenhouse gas emissions each01:08:26
year the reality is that it is already01:08:27
half as much as that because with01:08:29
warmer conditions and more01:08:31
dry we have tree species that01:08:32
are not suitable therefore an increase01:08:34
of mortality from withering weapons01:08:36
of forest and it illustrates to what extent the01:08:39
climatic conditions affect the01:08:41
other forms of life in particular here it is01:08:43
the functioning of forests therefore01:08:46
that we could restore vigor01:08:47
enough forest by planting more trees01:08:50
adapted to the new temperatures then01:08:53
in all areas what we see01:08:54
we have limits to our abilities01:08:56
adaptation and therefore the limits are01:08:58
for example the quantity of water available01:09:00
or the temperature conditions for01:09:02
different species so at the moment01:09:03
foresters experiment they will01:09:05
look for species further south they01:09:07
try to diversify the forests but01:09:09
the counterpart is that we will have01:09:10
probably forests less01:09:11
productive but more resilient01:09:14
diverse and we also have limits01:09:16
hard and that's the point I wanted01:09:17
mention about future climates therefore01:09:19
a hard limit for example is the01:09:21
amount of water available in a climate01:09:22
warmer therefore a warmer climate01:09:24
it is a climate where the water cycle is01:09:26
more intense but more variable therefore01:09:28
more season and very events01:09:30
wet and very dry01:09:32
the fact that the snow cover is receding01:09:34
degree of warming we lose a month01:09:36
of snow at 1500 meters in the01:09:37
trees we have a retreat of glaciers that's okay01:09:39
remove a capacity to destock01:09:42
water in summer which would have been accumulated in01:09:44
winter that's what the coat does01:09:46
snowy and glaciers so we will have01:09:48
less water flow from rivers01:09:50
supplied by mountain regions and01:09:51
This is going to be a hard limit for water01:09:54
available in watercourses for01:09:55
industry for cities or for01:09:57
agriculture in a few decades01:09:59
that's it and so that's why in fact01:10:01
when I talk about issues of01:10:03
transformation is that we are going to have01:10:05
hard limits water quantity conditions01:10:07
temperature for certain novels01:10:09
agricultural for certain ecosystems01:10:12
hard limits because the level of the01:10:14
rising sea well that will force us to manage01:10:16
otherwise the coastline therefore with01:10:19
relocation issues we will not be able to01:10:21
protect everything with hard structures01:10:23
so those are hard limits in01:10:25
which we will have to operate on but we have01:10:27
also levers of action in terms01:10:29
adaptation in all sectors01:10:30
of activity provided you anticipate it01:10:33
there will be a cost and there will also be01:10:35
loss and damage01:10:36
so we have our young students with01:10:39
us Maxime would you like01:10:42
Thomas sorry excuse me that's it01:10:44
here we go Thomas are you coming01:10:46
perhaps a question for Valérie01:10:49
mason Delmotte yes indeed within01:10:51
aeronautics because we are talking01:10:52
a lot of carbon-free aeronautics etc.01:10:54
right now but what is01:10:56
concretely this part of01:10:57
aeronautics within precisely01:11:00
all these gas emissions01:11:03
greenhouse etc01:11:07
[Music]01:11:13
we put into the atmosphere every year01:11:14
so there are two01:11:16
sectors globally equivalent 4001:11:20
for CO2 the rest for the other gases01:11:21
greenhouse effect therefore the share for the01:11:24
CO2 from the air sector therefore aviation01:11:27
internal international aviation it is to01:11:29
about 2.4% and these two thirds01:11:32
international connections and a third01:11:34
domestic connections to put it simply01:11:35
but the planes today did not like01:11:39
not just CO2 they also emit01:11:41
particles of water vapor01:11:43
leads to the formation of NOx in01:11:44
the atmosphere but also trails of01:11:47
condensation01:11:49
and therefore it is composed other linked to01:11:53
combustion residues in fact have a01:11:55
net warming effect in particular through01:11:58
training of aircraft drags that we01:12:00
sees near airports and we01:12:03
believes that this non-CO2 effect and01:12:05
maybe two to three times more01:12:08
important that spankings at 2 on01:12:10
the net effect of the airline sector on01:12:13
Earth's energy balance today01:12:14
so why are we focusing01:12:17
on the airline sector so in fact in01:12:19
the world the first sector which weighs the01:12:21
the more it is the industry the industry and its01:12:24
consumption of fossil energy drawn from01:12:26
the increase in the need for materials01:12:28
base in the world but the second01:12:30
sector which weighs the most it will be the01:12:32
transport sector around the world01:12:34
for which the sector has nothing to play and01:12:37
finally the last thing is that if we01:12:39
look at the trend before the pandemic01:12:40
2010-2019 the airline sector is the one01:12:43
including emissions including CO201:12:45
by the increase in traffic in fact have01:12:48
the most increased at around 4% per year01:12:50
while in other sectors there is01:12:52
decarbonization potentials which have01:12:54
could be deployed, this is not the case01:12:55
today and so I think this is the01:12:58
reason why there is a01:12:59
important focus and then by01:13:02
elsewhere we do not have today01:13:04
simple decarbonization solutions01:13:06
efficiency gains which are there which are01:13:08
spectacular for air transport01:13:10
efficiency is the fact that we are01:13:12
always the same effective broadcasts01:13:14
more aerodynamic we always fly01:13:17
as far01:13:18
that's it and so there were gains but01:13:21
were counterbalanced by a blow more01:13:23
affordable in terms of its earnings and therefore01:13:26
increase in the number of kilometers01:13:27
passengers who have been traveled and it is01:13:29
that's the main challenge in the air01:13:32
it happened to create the conditions01:13:34
of decarbonization not simply by01:13:36
efficiency but through breaks in01:13:38
the shape of planes on fuels01:13:40
used and there it is really something01:13:42
something that will be built on01:13:44
years decades of research01:13:46
innovation with investments01:13:48
necessary today to be able to01:13:51
ensure carbonation in the01:13:54
decades that come then that's it01:13:56
the blow went off there we see that for the01:13:59
France we have Emmanuel Macron who is coming01:14:00
to announce01:14:02
investments of 8.5 billion01:14:05
years until 2027 if I don't01:14:07
make no mistake we see here that there are piles01:14:10
of ideas lots of things that are in01:14:12
preparation so we see that there is a01:14:14
awareness on the part of the01:14:15
sector maybe Maxime you want I had01:14:18
a question which will follow in particular01:14:20
but it is necessary to give three figures01:14:21
from three perspectives on what was coming01:14:23
to say since 1990 we have halved01:14:25
CO2 emissions per passenger01:14:28
kilometer so that's before a little01:14:30
we are starting to talk seriously about01:14:32
climate in any case for the big ones01:14:34
public if I spoke if allows me and01:14:36
so we see that the industry is01:14:37
really aviation it's something01:14:38
something that is always turned towards01:14:39
innovation not necessarily for01:14:42
climatic reasons but in the end01:14:43
It’s still the net result.01:14:44
today we have a time when01:14:47
we really have each other, we have each other completely01:14:49
turned towards its decarbonization there are01:14:51
there are global challenges between now and 205001:14:53
things we work on that we01:14:54
present here at Paris sarlate ma01:14:56
question a little simpler it's already01:14:57
there you are the 2 and a half% is that01:14:59
it takes into account the whole cycle so01:15:01
really would it be a live01:15:03
strikoronale SS or is it really just01:15:05
emissions from operations01:15:07
so is the manufacturing01:15:08
recycling these are topics on01:15:10
which ones we will be able to win or is it01:15:11
that it is something that is not01:15:12
counted today so I think01:15:14
that the01:15:15
so 2.5%01:15:17
so we say we estimate that aeronautics01:15:21
produces 2.5% of total emissions01:15:24
CO2 equivalence there you go and therefore the01:15:26
question is does it understand01:15:27
also the life cycle of devices01:15:30
that's just what the devices01:15:32
emit into the atmosphere while flying01:15:34
so I think but it would be necessary01:15:36
check that it is only based on01:15:37
what the devices consume when01:15:40
their use on analyzes in01:15:42
life cycle I had seen the figures01:15:44
published by Airbus for example which01:15:46
estimate that on an average Airbus sold01:15:48
in 2021 I believe this is the time when01:15:50
it came out on the whole analysis01:15:52
in the life cycle, that is to say the01:15:54
production of the meat itself but01:15:55
it's marginal in fact then the01:15:57
refining the transformation of01:15:59
kerosene use and end of life01:16:01
that’s around 850,000 tonnes of CO201:16:04
over the 22 years of associated lifespan01:16:07
to the entry into service of a single aircraft and01:16:09
so we see here an illustration01:16:11
which is important is that of01:16:12
locking effects i.e. more01:16:14
in fact we are slow to have available01:16:18
lower footprint fuels01:16:19
carbon or new forms of aircraft01:16:21
the more we will lock on this cycle of01:16:23
life of significant gas emissions01:16:25
greenhouse effect and climate angle01:16:26
This is an important point because01:16:28
fact we have a relationship that is really01:16:30
narrow linear between the accumulation of01:16:33
CO2 emissions and the level of01:16:34
planetary it will be the first factor01:16:36
of future warming and therefore the01:16:39
life cycle approaches they are01:16:40
really important in order to reduce01:16:42
this accumulation of missions to come or aim for01:16:45
net-zero emissions01:16:46
quickly possible then just one01:16:49
second question as long as I have01:16:50
a little attention my question is01:16:53
we often hear about the Gold stream01:16:54
like what climatically at least for01:16:57
the northern hemisphere for Europe for01:16:59
east coast of the United States it's something01:17:00
something that is as I understand it01:17:02
important and from an even more point of view01:17:04
selfish if I may say so01:17:06
aviation today golf stream on01:17:07
uses it for our air corridors so01:17:09
what you can you can we01:17:11
talk a little bit about the impact of01:17:13
global warming therefore in fact01:17:16
pollution maybe deactivation01:17:18
air masses on the gulstream sound01:17:21
evolution in the short to medium term it is necessary01:17:23
remember that this guy from the stream01:17:24
it’s a gigantic current that speaks01:17:26
of the United States to put it quickly and which01:17:28
all cross the entire ocean01:17:30
Atlantic and reaching Europe01:17:31
and which means that we have a temperate climate in01:17:34
France so not too hot in winter01:17:37
too hot in summer while not too cold01:17:40
in winter not too hot in summer here we go01:17:43
does not have a continental climate where it is01:17:45
very hot in summer very hot very cold01:17:47
winter then there are two things there are01:17:49
the golf stream itself which makes it for01:17:51
surface of the Atlantic Ocean which01:17:53
is a hot current loop which is01:17:55
due to the rotation of the Earth which01:17:57
existed which will continue to exist and which01:17:59
is essentially linked to the implementation01:18:01
movement of water masses at a time01:18:04
seawater density gradients01:18:05
and west sales therefore this golf stream01:18:08
actually part of a large carpet01:18:11
ocean rolling which itself brings01:18:14
warm waters of the tropics01:18:15
the North Atlantic where it dives and01:18:18
then a big return loop so01:18:20
this big feedback loop we01:18:22
expects that in a climate that01:18:23
warms up it slows down we don't01:18:25
cannot exclude but probably01:18:27
beyond this century in the event of very strong01:18:29
warming which could even be01:18:30
breakups really remain in fact01:18:33
it slows down significantly to a point01:18:36
seesaw01:18:38
current assessment of the state of01:18:40
knowledge is considered01:18:42
already a strong uncertainty and we know01:18:45
that if this ever happens then we01:18:47
can stimulate it we can provoke it01:18:49
in our climate models that01:18:50
would actually have very little effect01:18:52
on the evolution of temperature01:18:54
planetary since that makes me01:18:56
distribute the heat roughly01:18:58
the equator towards the poles01:19:00
would lead to greater accumulation01:19:02
heat near the equator and01:19:03
notably a more rapid rise in01:19:05
sea level on the Florida side01:19:07
in Europe it would rather be a shift01:19:09
west winds therefore rather in this01:19:11
in this case additional drying and01:19:13
it would actually affect the position of the01:19:15
tropical rain bands rain bands01:19:17
monsoons so that's the ocean part01:19:19
but there is also the jet stream which01:19:21
is the atmospheric current so there is01:19:22
a westerly current which is linked to the01:19:25
rotation of the Earth and then the01:19:27
continuous configuration01:19:28
ocean which will affect its meanders01:19:30
we have a lot of uncertainties about01:19:32
the evolution of particular situations01:19:35
atmospheric blocking in a climate01:19:38
which is warming up, that is to say, is it01:19:39
that we will have moments of blocking by01:19:42
example around Europe which was01:19:44
will promote the arrival of air01:19:46
of Africa associated with events01:19:49
particularly hot and then a01:19:51
northward shift of the rail in front01:19:53
the West so that can actually01:19:54
have effects in particular on the01:19:56
air navigation routes one of the01:20:00
consequences of a climate that01:20:01
heats up moreover could be a01:20:02
increase in situations of01:20:04
turbulence associated with this current01:20:06
from the west this atmospheric jet stream in01:20:09
a warmer climate with more01:20:10
convection movements in fact and that01:20:12
it would be turbulence all over the place01:20:14
flight regime so we can consider01:20:15
do this at high altitude01:20:19
the altitudes01:20:21
relative01:20:23
it could especially be less and01:20:26
takeoff there is also an effect01:20:27
which in a preheating climate is01:20:29
as extremely hot conditions01:20:31
so we saw it last months we01:20:34
had more than 40 degrees more than 50 degrees01:20:35
even for example in the Middle East in01:20:37
makes it more difficult to take off01:20:39
planes because it plays on the01:20:40
air density exactly so that's it01:20:42
it's part of the effects of a climate01:20:44
which heats up which are important01:20:45
anticipate optimization01:20:47
finally takeoff or routes01:20:49
aerial to also optimize the impact01:20:52
traffic climate01:20:54
aerial so aviation has everything there01:20:56
gaining from decarbonizing is perhaps for01:20:57
that too that they have that they took the01:20:59
turn immediately01:21:01
I think that in fact the actors of01:21:03
air sector are also beings01:21:04
humans who also have an attachment to01:21:08
characteristics of each region01:21:09
living conditions the sense of citizen and I01:21:12
think that this is an aspect that is01:21:13
extremely important in the sector01:21:15
aerial he contributed he contributes by01:21:18
example of crisis management in case01:21:20
emergency humanitarian aid and therefore it01:21:23
there is also an important issue to01:21:24
think in particular about the layout of01:21:27
airports to ensure that they01:21:29
can be operational in particular by01:21:31
example in case of flooding put them01:21:33
in safety we are in a climate we are going01:21:35
have more more extreme 7% more01:21:37
of water vapor per degree of01:21:39
warming therefore an increase in01:21:41
more extreme events and01:21:42
runoff and therefore in this case that01:21:44
can cause flooding on dishes01:21:46
local flooding is important01:21:48
that airports allow to bring01:21:49
emergency humanitarian aid and then01:21:52
that it is made safe in relation to01:21:53
to the consequences of the rise in the level01:21:54
of the sea and the risk of flooding01:21:56
high amaré or subversion01:21:59
so I know this work is starting01:22:00
be done but is not done by01:22:01
everywhere not systematically01:22:06
would you like to enter the01:22:08
conversation yes then I have one01:22:09
small question so despite the01:22:12
progress in terms of innovation01:22:15
for the environment in the field01:22:16
aerial we still talk about Flight01:22:19
shame so it's still still01:22:21
widely criticized01:22:23
the shame of stealing01:22:27
so I ask myself the question as01:22:29
just a simple technician at my level01:22:31
do I have a future in this01:22:33
domain since casually I01:22:35
nevertheless participates indirectly in its01:22:37
shows despite my personal opinion01:22:39
on the subject and therefore is it01:22:41
that we can still as01:22:42
technician have a future in that01:22:45
actually there are different modes01:22:46
of use of air traffic there is01:22:48
modes for defense for the air it01:22:51
there are modes for humanitarian work there are01:22:52
modes for opening up to the world but01:22:54
there is also in fact a mode we will say01:22:56
short-term travel practice01:22:59
systematic for activities of01:23:01
tourism where you can really relax01:23:04
question of in relation to emissions01:23:06
associated greenhouse gas what would be01:23:08
truly a practice of tourism more01:23:10
sustainable and I think it's on this01:23:12
part there that brings criticism and01:23:14
so that's actually the question for me01:23:16
it is that the players in the airline sector01:23:18
have a role as an actor responsible for01:23:20
transparently communicate the footprint01:23:22
environmental but also progress01:23:24
which are accomplished the barriers01:23:25
obstacles01:23:27
and when we take the question of what01:23:28
it is for example a just transition01:23:30
that is to say we want to decarbonize how01:23:32
do it in a fair way01:23:33
it can be applied to all sectors01:23:36
of activity of course with what is01:23:38
essential01:23:43
just seen as fair for this sector01:23:46
for individuals and there are several01:23:48
peculiarities of air transport01:23:50
international that you need to know well01:23:52
so in the world on the flights of a01:23:54
continent to another it's only two to01:23:55
four percent of the population01:23:56
world that does it and it is estimated that it01:23:59
there are approximately 1% of people who have01:24:01
one of the systematic movements in01:24:03
made by air which represents half01:24:06
air travel around the world01:24:08
so we can clearly see that there is a01:24:10
disproportion between those who weigh the01:24:12
more individually by their mode of01:24:14
life we will say01:24:15
compared to the entire footprint01:24:18
carbon on a planetary scale and in01:24:20
the world we have about 10% of01:24:23
people a lot in countries01:24:24
developed which represent 40% of01:24:26
greenhouse gas emissions and01:24:28
half of the world's population often01:24:29
in highly vulnerable contexts01:24:31
with a lack of access to health services01:24:33
base which only represents 15% of01:24:35
greenhouse gas emissions01:24:37
this raises the question of responsibility01:24:38
of climate justice01:24:41
so if we look at the carbon footprint01:24:42
of a Frenchman there are a lot of01:24:44
French people who almost never take01:24:46
the plane but when we look at the average01:24:48
the first factor will be the01:24:51
travel for some it will be01:24:53
daily travel on01:24:54
long distances by car01:24:56
others will be trips01:24:57
sometimes frequent leisure activities by plane and01:25:00
so the question is how is it01:25:01
that we reduce it and how each one does it01:25:03
his part and it is not a question of moving from01:25:05
everything to nothing tomorrow but what to do in01:25:07
way of reducing gas emissions01:25:09
greenhouse effect of several percent01:25:10
every year to increase the pace and01:25:13
so that's what it's asking, it's not01:25:14
the sector as such but it is01:25:16
the use we make of it and the forms01:25:19
of tourism which are in fact not01:25:20
where people actually go01:25:22
from one city to another do the same01:25:24
things to eat in the same restaurants01:25:25
almost actually go shopping and01:25:27
we can clearly see that this poses a lot of01:25:29
questions about the image that it conveys of01:25:31
associated high consumer lifestyle01:25:36
yes, so I was wondering that question01:25:39
as a simple technician01:25:40
in a large group I wanted to know01:25:42
what actions could I take?01:25:44
to do just to bring a little of my01:25:47
my little pebble to the building what then01:25:51
in an airline01:25:54
to avionic equipment to be sure01:25:57
in fact there is the whole question of having01:25:58
tools to measure the footprint01:26:01
environmental impact of the activity01:26:02
daily so I don't know what is01:26:04
set up to have, for example, a01:26:07
monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions01:26:09
greenhouse on daily practices01:26:11
on budget distribution choices01:26:13
information on the life cycle of the01:26:16
provisioning specifications01:26:18
for example on purchases to value the01:26:20
sectors which themselves recycle01:26:21
more have energy use01:26:24
as carbon-free as possible and therefore in01:26:26
the choice of parts in the increase01:26:27
of the lifespan through the practices of01:26:29
maintenance everything that allows you to avoid01:26:31
of the planned obsolescence of the01:26:32
reuse increasing duration01:26:34
of life then after recycling at the end of01:26:36
life all that in fact it can make it possible to01:26:37
reduce the carbon footprint linked to these01:26:40
practices there so suddenly just last01:26:42
little question01:26:43
that’s what we’re here for if we put in place01:26:46
in your opinion if we implement this type01:26:47
of practice we can still go01:26:49
towards a neutral emission for01:26:52
aviation then we are not there we are there01:26:56
not01:26:57
the thing to remember a kilo of jet fuel01:27:01
that's 3.16 kg of CO2 in the atmosphere01:27:05
and half of what we put in01:27:07
the atmosphere it remains in every year it01:27:09
there is a part of it that fits into01:27:10
the ocean which acidifies it so that is a01:27:12
additional pressure for01:27:13
marine ecosystems there are approximately01:27:15
a third party which is taken over by the01:27:16
vegetation and soils but the rest01:27:18
accumulates and accumulates to what we01:27:19
had put the years before so everything01:27:21
which reduces the use01:27:22
of jet fuel in fact and useful even in01:27:25
maintenance performance after01:27:28
maintenance is really important01:27:29
Afterwards what I had noted was it01:27:32
there is potential for electrification on01:27:33
small aircraft of short duration but01:27:35
who often compete with01:27:37
other means of transport train01:27:38
which is quite efficient and we estimate01:27:40
that this concerns approximately 12% of01:27:42
emissions from the aviation sector therefore by01:27:44
example on connections on islands or01:27:46
things like that there are certainly01:27:47
a potential to do that is feasible01:27:49
now what I also noted01:27:51
it is that therefore in the R&D efforts01:27:53
it's working on other types of01:27:55
fuels therefore fuels01:27:57
of 10 sustainable aviation which are01:27:58
the use of biomass and there there01:28:01
really has potential but challenges01:28:03
on the technical adjustment of aircraft01:28:06
the non-CO2 impact of these types of01:28:08
fuels so needs more01:28:10
knowledge and then there are the limits01:28:11
on available residual biomass01:28:13
so that it does not create competition01:28:15
with land use for01:28:17
produce food or preserve01:28:20
ecosystems01:28:21
for the most part are made with01:28:23
what we call biomass01:28:25
i.e. for example waste01:28:27
plants from forest waste we can01:28:29
today manufacture fuels01:28:31
for aviation from this waste01:28:33
there plants besides we see them there01:28:34
you have a whole stand there on01:28:36
sustainable fuels frameworks01:28:39
So here's the idea I think is that there01:28:41
already has demonstrators we are starting to01:28:42
put them on planes ago01:28:44
the need for feedback01:28:45
to see the effectiveness of seeing the01:28:47
potential that is possible to introduce01:28:49
the effects on emissions01:28:51
combustion so that's really a01:28:52
effort today of experimentation which01:28:54
is at work and then after so what01:28:56
would be the type of fuel01:28:58
carbonaceous is that approximately by01:28:59
example of synthetic fuel oils that we01:29:01
produced with low electricity01:29:03
carbon by capturing atmospheric CO201:29:05
and using hydrogen products01:29:08
low carbon would it be01:29:09
others for example hydrogen01:29:12
directly on the planes01:29:13
that's once it's great01:29:16
it's fuel it's biofuel which01:29:18
we spoke so you spoke but the01:29:20
problem is that we don't have either01:29:21
unlimited amounts of waste01:29:24
forestry plant waste it is necessary01:29:25
find other solutions and therefore there01:29:27
at the idea of these electrofuels we01:29:29
would recover CO2 from the atmosphere and01:29:32
from this CO2 we would be able to01:29:34
quite a bit of carbon-free electricity01:29:36
sure with a lot of energy so we are01:29:38
capable with this CO2 from the atmosphere of01:29:40
make fuel then01:29:43
there is this potential there is this potential01:29:46
theoretical but each time the question01:29:47
It is01:29:49
feasibility the ability to change01:29:51
of scale the real sustainable potential therefore01:29:54
for example therefore on the residues of01:29:55
biomass there is a real question about01:29:56
the available potential but also the01:29:58
cost today is about three01:30:00
times more expensive and there is a lack of01:30:02
Bioré which is available and therefore three01:30:05
times more expensive today absolutely it01:30:08
there is really this question of finding01:30:09
the economic model01:30:11
it's about to explode there is one01:30:14
news which finally there are two which01:30:15
will arrive in France01:30:19
to say semi01:30:21
industry increase the proportion int01:30:23
Roduit and then on the others01:30:25
synthetic fuels or01:30:26
hydrogen, that's the question01:30:28
other it is what will be the potential01:30:30
of carbon-free electricity available whatever01:30:34
will be the water requirement since01:30:35
water electrolysis requires water01:30:37
and therefore how to integrate the need for01:30:40
fuel so01:30:42
if you'll or hydrogen for the sector01:30:44
air in other issues of01:30:47
carbonate the heating of carbonaceous01:30:49
carbon transport industry01:30:51
land transport by sea and there01:30:53
we really see that we are in01:30:54
issues that go beyond the sector ground01:30:56
air but the need to have01:30:58
visions of electricity down01:31:01
available carbon and I think that this01:31:03
which risks imposing itself in the world01:31:04
these are the most effective channels01:31:07
ultimately who will use it01:31:08
at the lowest cost will be the best prepared01:31:11
in relation to the best use01:31:14
possible low-carbon electricity01:31:17
there are choices to make and there are01:31:19
women and politicians who are01:31:21
there to do them that's what01:31:22
you wait for it01:31:24
so in fact the issues first of all01:31:26
development research to have01:31:27
factual elements that can shed light01:31:29
with credible scenarios and01:31:31
underlying assumptions what will be01:31:33
feasible and so I don't have the01:31:35
information today for example from01:31:37
the French energy and climate strategy01:31:39
which is currently being developed and01:31:41
way in which a vision of01:31:43
the share of energy production01:31:45
the use of biomass which will be01:31:47
usable in the decades to come01:31:50
for the aviation sector and01:31:55
the only thing that the High Council for01:31:57
the climate says who is the organism whose01:31:59
I am the party responsible for evaluating the01:32:01
French climate policies01:32:03
to make recommendations the only01:32:04
what we are told is to integrate the01:32:06
international transport in the objective01:32:08
climate neutrality of France01:32:10
return and therefore integrate it, anticipate it01:32:13
and assess the needs that will be01:32:15
partners and how to best manage01:32:18
this necessary production of fuel01:32:21
decarbonized the potential the feasibility01:32:24
and costs in this vision01:32:25
strategic you have to see it at the level01:32:28
you have to have a mental vision no01:32:34
no it's different territories01:32:35
especially where we have for example01:32:36
airports what will be the capacity of01:32:39
production and alternative to energy01:32:42
of fossils so I have two questions to01:32:45
my right but maybe if you01:32:46
you want to chat directly01:32:48
with Valérie Masson Delmotte it is enough01:32:50
that you tell me, you raise your01:32:52
hand I come to you I pass it on01:32:55
microphone and then you can chat01:32:57
directly01:33:00
well yes of course01:33:07
Good morning01:33:08
I have a question regarding the01:33:11
transitional justice which you had01:33:13
spoken just now01:33:15
we know that we will have to reduce01:33:17
drastically reduce emissions from the sector01:33:18
aerial and today I wonder01:33:20
when we all work in01:33:22
innovation in making engines and01:33:23
planes which pollute much less and01:33:25
which will emit for example twice01:33:27
less carbon tomorrow if we produce01:33:30
four times as many planes finally01:33:32
the efforts we make they don't know01:33:33
big thing so how do we go about it01:33:35
explain today to people who have01:33:37
means they owe a lot01:33:38
finally take much less01:33:39
the plane than what they do today01:33:41
how do we make them responsible01:33:42
and explain to them then sorry just one01:33:45
last thing when you say it's useful01:33:46
a bit of nothing it's not true because01:33:47
if it is x 4 and we are divided by 201:33:49
we still have a gain of times 201:33:51
Okay so we shouldn't decry either01:33:53
It’s still monumental progress.01:33:55
which are made which have been made01:33:57
continue to be done it's a bit of01:33:59
loss of earnings in reverse is01:34:00
lack to lose so I agree01:34:01
that we have absolute it increases and therefore01:34:03
obviously this will contribute to01:34:05
warming but we cannot denigrate01:34:07
the work that is done because it is01:34:09
still monumental afterward I'm going01:34:11
let me let madam answer01:34:12
but the interest is aviation01:34:15
today can't do everything so01:34:16
that's what we know what we said we have01:34:18
good to make enormous progress the laws01:34:20
of physics are as they are01:34:21
the planes were heavy, that’s big01:34:23
fly quickly we forget quickly but one01:34:26
plane it's 900 km/h today we have01:34:28
320 in order of magnitude it consumes 601:34:30
100 liters per passenger to go to 90001:34:32
km/h okay yo I think here there is01:34:34
still many people who have01:34:35
cars that look more like that then01:34:37
empower aviation I am01:34:38
absolutely agree that’s the case we are01:34:40
often criticized but we are strong01:34:43
of innovation through suggestion01:34:44
our I'm going after I stop talking01:34:47
aviation at my level but our01:34:48
objective is to prove it is to01:34:50
really to offer a carbon service01:34:52
neutral first zero emissions then to01:34:54
scale 2050 0 mission it's not yet01:34:56
realistic01:34:57
what policies the markets01:34:59
economic and consumer01:35:00
decide to do after that is the for01:35:02
our problem is understood by us but it01:35:05
it's not necessary either, it's the only one01:35:06
aviation fault01:35:13
we divide by two but we have more01:35:16
of planes so how do we do yes then01:35:18
in fact it is driven by demand it is01:35:19
very clear and the marketing of01:35:21
new devices that meet the01:35:23
demand in particular to pay emerging01:35:25
so the basic question is this01:35:27
following if the air sector which is not01:35:30
not framed within the framework of the agreement01:35:32
Paris on the climate since it is01:35:34
international unlike01:35:36
domestic aviation which falls under01:35:38
territorial policies we will say01:35:40
each country if the emissions of this01:35:42
sector continues to increase and01:35:43
that we want to limit warming01:35:44
overall where the effort should be made01:35:47
is this for ground transportation01:35:49
Is it an industry?01:35:50
is it in the building is it01:35:51
is it households is it01:35:53
it's the households that don't take01:35:54
the plane which must further reduce01:35:56
their emissions to counterbalance this01:35:57
and so we see that we are on01:35:59
fundamental questions in fact01:36:01
sharing of the effort elsewhere therefore01:36:03
your question was also01:36:04
interesting on the information that we01:36:07
gives to and so in my own01:36:10
scientific research work we01:36:13
there is a part of logistics01:36:15
international on campaigns of01:36:16
field for example campaigns01:36:18
airborne01:36:19
oceanographic or polar conferences01:36:21
international so we what we do01:36:22
in our own domain with a01:36:24
initiative called lab 1.5 is01:36:26
to have tools to measure our01:36:28
carbon footprint or even the share of01:36:30
common purchases of laboratory life01:36:32
see the share of mobility01:36:34
international see the page the share of01:36:38
infrastructure for research and01:36:40
then deliberated between us with this01:36:43
question for example that the youngest01:36:45
scientists need to open up to01:36:47
world and travel but the ideal is01:36:49
traveled for longer periods not01:36:51
simply a two-day conference01:36:52
but go visit laboratories on01:36:55
a longer period to draw the01:36:57
best advantage of gas emissions01:36:59
greenhouse effect which will have been associated with01:37:01
a single trip for example and01:37:03
some no longer want to travel01:37:04
plane in the youngest scientists01:37:05
it is also present and therefore01:37:08
this also restricts the possibility01:37:10
how can we make, for example,01:37:11
International roommates we have a hub in01:37:12
a given region a work in a01:37:14
another region to be able to exchange01:37:16
being grouped but by01:37:18
in the United States a roommate in Europe and01:37:21
then we discuss between the vision between01:37:24
both so there are things like that01:37:25
who discuss each other but when I01:37:28
move me and I don't have01:37:29
alternative to flying for01:37:31
international meetings what01:37:32
I observe that the information is not01:37:34
not clearly provided to01:37:36
the user to find precisely01:37:39
on the specific plane of the company01:37:41
precise and a precise route01:37:43
reliable information on emissions01:37:45
greenhouse gas frankly necessary01:37:47
go search at the bottom of the site01:37:49
internet or ticket to get the01:37:51
CO2 calculation so we can clearly see that01:37:53
it's still relatively hidden01:37:55
would be better if it was more accessible01:37:56
and clearer and also reinforce the01:37:58
competition between different01:38:00
airlines on fleets01:38:02
more efficient because there is01:38:04
almost a factor of 2 between an airplane01:38:05
who is 20 years old and has a newer plane on01:38:07
the emissions per passenger here and there01:38:10
last thing you used the word01:38:11
carbon neutral so in fact there was01:38:15
in the aviation sector the use of a01:38:17
scheme called corcia which aims01:38:19
precisely to counterbalance oneself01:38:22
theoretically emissions through purchase01:38:25
of bicarbons in particular for actions01:38:28
linked to land use and there01:38:30
there is a real point of vigilance because01:38:32
that we have no certainty that the actions01:38:35
put in place can really01:38:36
eliminate CO2 and store it for a long time01:38:39
term we saw clearly with the fires of01:38:40
forests that we have no permanent storage01:38:42
guarantee so there is a real issue of01:38:44
credibility and on the fact that we01:38:47
compensate we can we compensate the fact01:38:48
than three tonnes of CO01:38:55
2 preserve plant trees somewhere01:38:56
then in fact there is a real issue01:38:59
because the certification is not01:39:00
the height I think as an argument01:39:02
marketing works very well all the time01:39:03
everyone loves trees but01:39:04
concretely it doesn't work well there01:39:06
there are abuses there are certifications which01:39:08
are insincere so what we see01:39:10
also go up is the possibility of01:39:13
contribute to fuel use01:39:17
sustainable but with a price that is01:39:19
much higher per ticket and I01:39:21
don't actually know what the membership is01:39:22
customers in relation to this01:39:25
alternative which itself can be more01:39:28
measurable perhaps in terms of emission01:39:30
avoid and then the last thing is01:39:33
on aviation which is really zero01:39:35
carbon we still have a need for01:39:38
research and development on01:39:40
the non-CO2 impact of fuels01:39:43
alternatives so if you use01:39:45
biomass that you move from01:39:46
land use has an effect01:39:49
important local and global on01:39:53
the very use of hydrogen which will01:39:55
put more water vapor in the01:39:56
high atmosphere but less than01:39:57
particles what will be the effect on the01:39:59
condensation trails and I have01:40:01
colleagues at the Pierre Simon Institute01:40:02
Laplace who works with the01:40:04
civil aviation stakeholders for01:40:07
build your knowledge there which is01:40:09
necessary to be able to make the01:40:11
best possible choices knowing that01:40:13
long term the priority is to remove the01:40:14
CO2 but in the short term remove the effect01:40:17
warming up airplane trails is01:40:18
also an important point01:40:20
then suddenly01:40:24
because you are talking about01:40:26
mainly decarbonate01:40:28
decarbonize aeronautics correctly01:40:31
reduce all these gas emissions01:40:34
greenhouse effect to reduce and01:40:35
possibly finally it's not even01:40:37
possibly it is a certainty if we01:40:38
wants to succeed in reducing everything that01:40:40
is put another broadcast for example the01:40:42
dragged planes etc but concretely01:40:45
what are the major obstacles for this01:40:47
decarbonization finally of what are01:40:49
concretely why we cannot manage01:40:52
truly decarbonized aeronautics01:40:54
is it a matter of time01:40:55
is it because we are talking about01:40:56
new energies we are talking sir01:40:57
spoke to us earlier about01:40:59
precisely this increase in01:41:01
production of aircraft and we will be more01:41:03
and even more on Earth we are going to be01:41:04
more and more to take the plane I think01:41:05
the first is that in fact as in01:41:07
all other sectors when you01:41:09
emit CO2 into the atmosphere you do not01:41:11
do not pay the real cost of this CO2 that01:41:14
you put in the atmosphere that goes01:41:15
change the climate which will lead to01:41:17
losses and damages and effects01:41:19
undesirable in the short, medium and long term01:41:21
if only in not one kilo of CO201:41:23
it's 15 kg of ice cream which is01:41:25
lost a ton of CO2 is one meter01:41:28
square of ice floe lost at the end of01:41:30
summer in the Arctic you actually don't pay01:41:31
not for its cascading effects therefore01:41:35
such as fossil fuels in particular01:41:37
for the airline sector are not taxed01:41:40
distorts competition in particular by01:41:43
compared to the cost of alternatives which they01:41:46
do not have this imprint01:41:48
footprint on the climate so there is a01:41:50
issue I think is important that this01:41:53
sector like the others01:41:54
perhaps and taxation up to01:41:58
its environmental impact and then it01:42:01
there is another issue which is therefore on the01:42:03
sustainable alternative fuels there01:42:06
has safety standards that must01:42:07
impose yourself there are the capacities to01:42:09
production which are not there we talked about it01:42:10
later on hydrogen01:42:12
which is larger per unit01:42:15
of energy produced it really poses the01:42:17
question of the shape of the planes which must01:42:19
be designed to transport01:42:21
hydrogen and it will not be the same form01:42:22
planes that today so there are01:42:24
really all this design effort01:42:25
of reflection and compromise tests01:42:29
between CO2 and non-CO2 effects at01:42:32
integrate into the design and therefore01:42:35
there the time scale is at least I01:42:36
think fifteen years finally I01:42:38
turns towards you but 15 years is01:42:40
the time it takes us to do01:42:42
a generation of aircraft in aeronautics01:42:43
so there is one that came out01:42:45
between 2015 and 2020 therefore the A320 neo to01:42:48
321 330 350 same thing with us01:42:50
American colleagues next01:42:52
generation of plane it will be very01:42:53
innovative but we are really at the dawn01:42:55
of technological breakthrough it's over01:42:57
times when we won one or two for01:42:58
a hundred here and there today we have01:43:00
gained in computing capacity which has passed01:43:02
modeling through the works01:43:04
industrialists from institutes of01:43:05
research01:43:06
I will give an example because it01:43:07
is presented here The engine rises from01:43:09
saffron and the ultimate evolution of01:43:10
engines01:43:14
it is the final evolution of motors01:43:17
biflu that we have been using for 50 years now01:43:19
years in aviation and well this engine01:43:21
it's 20% resignation it's01:43:23
less fuel consumption01:43:25
almost overnight from01:43:27
from the moment it is installed it is01:43:28
marketed what it will mature01:43:30
2030 maybe 35 there we make gains01:43:32
we our philosophy I speak01:43:34
On this I allow myself to speak for01:43:36
aeronautics from a general point of view01:43:38
the advantage is the best fuel01:43:41
it's the one that doesn't burn me so we01:43:42
will seek precisely to do its01:43:43
improvements the problem is01:43:45
particularly for the 0i, zero emissions this01:43:48
will not be ready in 2035 we know that we01:43:50
transitional solutions are needed, the01:43:52
sustainable fuels and fuels01:43:55
decarbonized since the laws of01:43:57
physics we can we work with us01:43:58
understand them well we can't do everything01:44:00
again and so yes we will have gains of01:44:02
around thirty percent minimum we01:44:04
hopes it by 2035 you should know that already01:44:06
the latest generation of aircraft of which I01:44:08
parlais it’s 2015-2020 it’s 15%01:44:10
less compared to just generation01:44:12
from before we still make big ones01:44:13
jumps forward you're talking about news01:44:15
plane shapes it happens we present some01:44:18
here is an Airbus flying wing so that01:44:20
often makes you smile because it makes01:44:21
long as we talk about it today we01:44:23
is able to work on airbus01:44:24
is currently testing around sixty01:44:26
of configurations and the interest is01:44:28
exactly what you are saying is that01:44:29
today we have the knowledge of everyone01:44:31
our problems we know that the storage of01:44:33
hydrogen in configurations of01:44:35
current life is complicated we will have01:44:36
only average at last01:44:38
potentially medium mail due date01:44:40
2050 and therefore we need help in01:44:42
waiting for transitional solutions01:44:44
but yes the planes may change01:44:46
and will change significantly between now and01:44:48
forty years they have been01:44:49
changing strongly are we01:44:51
can take one last question01:44:53
on the brakes the brakes are also in01:44:56
makes electricity availability low01:44:58
carbon therefore in the world the priority01:45:00
in fact it's taking out coal for01:45:01
electricity production rise01:45:03
power over all alternatives01:45:04
because if we do because we learn01:45:06
with electricity made from coal01:45:08
no interest in fact and so there this01:45:10
that we see for example in France is01:45:11
there is this issue of having a vision01:45:14
overview of production capacity01:45:16
sufficient low-carbon electricity01:45:17
therefore the nuclear baseline but the01:45:20
new reactors by 203501:45:22
or even more and therefore between the two there is01:45:25
also the need to gain power01:45:27
very quickly on particularly the01:45:28
photovoltaic and wind power where if we have01:45:32
overproduction capacities we can01:45:34
produce hydrogen on01:45:36
the electrolyser really a blow which has01:45:39
affordable even if01:45:40
produces hydrogen from water and01:45:44
of electricity in this case there and there it is01:45:47
one is really interesting that in01:45:48
this situation of overproduction matters01:45:51
given the low yields it is little01:45:52
nearly 30% on hydrogen production01:45:54
electricity today is a lot01:45:55
more interesting to put it in a01:45:56
battery for a car than01:45:58
produce hydrogen that's it and so that01:46:00
also goes with an overview of01:46:02
energy system that will allow the01:46:04
decarbonization of other sectors01:46:06
I have one last question01:46:08
maybe from Apolline yes I had one01:46:10
question for today's world01:46:12
what would happen if we01:46:14
significantly reduced gas emissions01:46:16
of greenhouse gases we imagine01:46:19
overnight what happens01:46:20
how the system works01:46:21
climate if we suddenly stop01:46:24
the greenhouse gases then the01:46:26
first thing is you have to know that01:46:27
this has already been the case in certain countries01:46:29
and in France we emitted much more01:46:30
of CO2 per person in the 1970s01:46:32
we made electricity with coal01:46:34
we had single glazing of the cars01:46:36
which made 15 liters of blood and01:46:38
therefore France is part of a01:46:40
twenty countries in the world where there01:46:41
has for several decades a decline01:46:43
net of greenhouse gas emissions01:46:44
So the challenge is that it is01:46:46
on a global scale if we manage to01:46:48
on a global scale what we will actually have01:46:50
it is in a few years the effect01:46:53
visible on the composition of01:46:54
the atmosphere that is to say we would see01:46:56
their increase which is slowing down quite a bit01:46:58
quickly and as if more when we01:47:00
burns fossil fuels we put a01:47:02
piles of pollutants in the atmosphere01:47:04
quickly improved air quality01:47:05
because it's polluting if we stop01:47:07
emit them very quickly their level drops01:47:09
so this will be a gain for health01:47:10
great public and then in terms01:47:13
level of global warming01:47:14
as there is a natural variability01:47:16
from one year to the next this effect of01:47:18
drop in emissions will see it in one01:47:20
twenty years01:47:21
that is to say I don't know how old you are01:47:24
14 years 14 years so if in the world have01:47:27
changed scale well beyond this01:47:28
which is on the table today for01:47:30
initiate a sharp decline when you01:47:32
would be around forty years old01:47:34
would have succeeded in stabilizing the01:47:35
warming but that would have to be01:47:37
moves in all directions not only01:47:39
in the most advanced countries but01:47:41
also by promoting the transfer of01:47:43
technology access to technologies01:47:44
clean so that in countries in01:47:46
development where there is a need for01:47:48
basic service, particularly energy01:47:50
this access then this is done by the01:47:52
the most efficient technologies01:47:53
as quickly as possible then we have a01:47:55
small alarm clock in the morning which is in the process of01:47:57
light up none of our heads he does that01:48:01
means that we are going to stop but first01:48:03
to thank you Valérie mason Delmotte01:48:05
for your presence I would like you01:48:08
to say a little word is that we have just01:48:10
spend an extremely intense week01:48:13
exciting with lots of encounters01:48:15
here in these exhibition spaces and here01:48:18
even on this set thanks to the airlab bet01:48:22
there were people here Airbus from Boeing01:48:25
rudder of Rolls-Royce of Ji of Thales01:48:27
of Air France of the ADP group of NASA01:48:30
which falls all comers we love it01:48:32
Patrol of France who came we01:48:34
Valérie Masson del Motte who came01:48:35
also so a a week01:48:37
extremely dense and exciting and01:48:39
all this was possible thanks to a01:48:42
collective that came together then01:48:44
there were all the hub teams01:48:46
scotch of course there was Ariane who01:48:48
is for example who is right there01:48:50
behind me there is Sabine ah no her01:48:52
is right there Sabine she is there Adrien01:48:54
Émeline capucine Clara Léa Geneviève01:48:57
Carla everyone here are all these people01:48:59
from Hopscotch all the management01:49:01
technique well yes plus applaud well01:49:02
on01:49:05
the technical management which are correct01:49:06
behind me is Vincent Lucas Jules01:49:09
Jonathan with some applause01:49:10
to thank a lot and then01:49:13
we would like to thank Gilles Fournier01:49:16
CEO of the show Corinne lineage Baptiste sees01:49:19
the 15 GIFAS who worked who were there01:49:22
who were the thinking heads I01:49:24
would say and maneuver this of all this01:49:27
work and then especially Anne bondioux01:49:29
it was she who conceived it was she who01:49:32
created this space and this program Anne01:49:34
Bondues thank you all thank you that's what I say01:49:38
that because we finished our all our01:49:40
round table moments I would like us to01:49:43
ends by thanking Valérie Masson01:49:44
Delmotte after the round table the table01:49:46
round continues isn't it because we01:49:48
we have so much to say to each other01:49:49
could have continued, we understood01:49:51
here we are, we are facing deadlines01:49:54
extremely strong extremely powerful01:49:56
and worrying we need innovation01:49:59
we need action we need01:50:00
scientists we need that01:50:02
policies also give us some01:50:03
here is a regulatory framework if you01:50:06
please that we are all housed in the same01:50:08
teach thank you very much to all01:50:10
four also who had been with us and01:50:12
Mrs Vincent Delmotte thank you01:50:14
everyone for being so present and we01:50:15
see you in two years thanks01:50:17
afternoon goodbye01:50:18
[Applause]01:50:39
[Music]01:50:47
[Music]01:52:33
upon landing our champion ode the01:52:37
biting01:52:39
so ladies and gentlemen, don't hesitate01:52:41
not only when it is placed on the01:52:42
track and we go from joining the01:52:44
parking lot to greet her by raising her arms01:52:46
and by raising your caps she will01:52:48
will see and it is infinitely important to you01:52:50
grateful01:52:54
now back to the future with the01:52:57
next plane01:52:59
and yes the return to the future is01:53:01
the horizon 2050 we imagine aviation which01:53:04
achieved its objective of neutrality01:53:06
carbon and the plane which in a few01:53:08
moments will present themselves before you01:53:10
is called the Electro Délice it is the01:53:13
first electric plane that was01:53:14
certified in the world01:53:16
let's quickly return to the saga of this01:53:18
plane in 2014 he is a man he01:53:21
his name is Jean-Luc Charron he is01:53:23
president of the French Federation01:53:24
aeronautics and he discovers that an airplane01:53:26
thermal two-seater will be modified with01:53:29
an electric motor, in other words an01:53:31
clean plane but above all silent this01:53:34
plane is the manufacturer's two-seater01:53:36
sloven Pipistrel called alpha electro01:53:40
during the Paris Air Show it was in 201701:53:43
the French Federation project01:53:45
aeronautics is the subject of an01:53:47
partnership agreement with the DGAC01:53:50
and they will set the beginnings of the framework01:53:52
regulations for electric aircraft are01:53:55
thus formed the France team which will01:53:58
bring the project to the Agency level01:53:59
known European aviation safety01:54:02
under the name Easy in March 2018 on01:54:07
chance issues the flight authorization and01:54:09
which will constitute real progress01:54:11
in a joint Federation project01:54:13
French aeronautics management01:54:15
general civil vision in 201901:54:18
so it's the year after the FFA receives01:54:21
the very first copy of this plane01:54:23
electricity the Federation integrates it into its01:54:26
FabLab is noble to all and will01:54:29
begin a comprehensive assessment of01:54:30
the plane in real conditions this project01:54:34
operating01:54:35
effective of an electric school plane will01:54:38
getting the attention of partners is fine01:54:40
being the Aéroport de Paris and Air group01:54:42
France KLM industry Paris Airport01:54:45
who was also present earlier01:54:46
on the plane of Aude the Mordant01:54:48
in parallel with the training of01:54:50
instructors it will be presented to the great01:54:52
public and then also to the actors01:54:53
major players in aeronautics and it was01:54:56
Paris Air Show again in 2019 and then01:55:00
in June 2020 alpha electro is01:55:02
certified by chance and it bears the01:55:04
name of velis electro it is this model which01:55:06
will be presented to you before you it is01:55:08
when stopped the motors do not turn01:55:09
since it's like Laurent next to01:55:12
me when he puts on the music that grows01:55:13
a cursor and well when the driver01:55:15
wants to have its engine running01:55:16
he simply pushes a slider01:55:18
electric01:55:21
AFFA today to this day has the01:55:23
largest electric aircraft fleet in01:55:25
Europe there are 6 they are co-financed01:55:27
by the French Aeronautical Federation01:55:29
the DGAC the ADP group and the region01:55:33
Île-de-France they are deployed in01:55:34
flying club but also evaluated by01:55:36
professional schools like the School01:55:39
National Civil Aviation01:55:41
vacuum and electro takeoff01:56:58
the plane passing in front of you01:57:02
can fly at 180 km/h at 4000 meters01:57:05
at altitude it carries 182 kg01:57:10
the traversable distance 140 km sa01:57:13
mission school start training01:57:15
around track charging batteries01:57:17
50 minutes and now we have 50 minutes01:57:21
autonomy01:57:22
it is the demonstration that the electric01:57:24
exists, you have it in front of you01:57:57
if we go back to the future thank you01:58:00
to Jean-Luc Charron because he was able01:58:02
demonstrate that the first users01:58:05
of this plane will be won over with01:58:08
especially the use of the engine01:58:10
since even at the lowest speed and well01:58:12
since we want to put some01:58:13
power it is done in a linear way01:58:15
without a single blow and then especially the weak01:58:19
noise footprint for local residents01:58:20
it's a real revolution if you have01:58:22
the chance to go to the Aurora stand01:58:24
do not hesitate to discover01:58:26
really all these planes of the future01:58:45
and the pipistrelle01:58:49
Who01:58:51
wants to be the same way01:58:54
than a normal plane with angles01:58:56
incidence of inclinations very01:58:58
important, an airplane like any other except01:59:02
that he is silent01:59:33
Laurent voluntarily removed the01:59:34
music just to make you hear01:59:38
Otherwise01:59:49
Guillaume François is the pilot01:59:51
is an instructor at the national school of01:59:53
civil aviation trains the future01:59:55
airline pilots on velis it's a01:59:58
man who has three minors theft01:59:59
Guillaume François at the helm of this02:00:01
electro delight02:01:06
we're not ready to get tired of the sound of02:01:09
silence so far at Le Bourget we had the02:01:11
chance to see beautiful planes with02:01:14
drivers inside so maybe02:01:16
that we will have to reconfigure ourselves02:01:17
to see something a little new02:01:20
It takes place in the early 20s and02:01:23
then the door is open02:01:25
new type of aviation yes a new02:01:27
type of aviation since02:01:29
14-18 well that ends planes02:01:33
we no longer know what to do with them as pilots02:01:36
there are some we don't know what to do with them and02:01:38
they themselves no longer know what to do and02:01:39
so some will buy planes02:01:42
city price like 1 euro per plane and02:01:45
they will leave with it to return02:01:48
the villages passed at the height of02:01:50
windows make a mess not possible02:01:52
just to attract the population to02:01:54
tell them in the field who is behind02:01:55
come I’ll take you for a baptism of02:01:57
the air and then for the day we go02:01:59
pay a boy or a girl who02:02:02
with a small tank will bring back02:02:04
gasoline from the garage pump from to02:02:07
side and therefore will go for kilometers02:02:09
all day to fuel the plane02:02:10
the reward will be either 1 dollar02:02:13
evening be a how a plane ride02:02:17
these planes will literally foam02:02:20
the United States is the same02:02:22
they will even perform stunts02:02:24
directly in front of the public by building02:02:25
cabins and then returning02:02:27
literally in the cabin breaking02:02:29
the plane we don't care there are some02:02:31
thousands02:02:34
and then there are men who go02:02:36
pass through the villages which are02:02:37
several and there is competition02:02:39
it's not the competition of times02:02:41
admitted and well they will become02:02:42
colleagues that is to say they will02:02:44
team up and they're going to have planes02:02:47
from which they will put a02:02:48
human being and this human being will pass02:02:50
from one plane to another02:02:53
well that’s what we’re going to offer you02:02:54
in a moment02:03:29
and more than takeoff Daniel and02:03:31
Emiliano takes us on a journey through time02:03:33
imagine this period 1920 when the02:03:37
American Aeronautical Federation will02:03:40
put the kibosh on it a little because we want02:03:42
transport passengers and if we02:03:44
This is obviously starting to scare them02:03:46
will not feed the sales person very well02:03:49
of air transport today Daniel02:03:52
and Emiliano Dell bueno they are married02:03:55
woman and they participated in02:03:57
numerous presentations I would even say02:03:59
hundreds of presentations since02:04:00
the last decades and with this02:04:03
plane which is beautiful pink color and02:04:06
well Daniel who was a passenger02:04:08
the front of this plane left its seat02:04:10
and climb on the wings and this plane which02:04:12
has never been transformed except02:04:14
receive a pylon above the wings02:04:17
of the upper wing it is for02:04:19
welcome Daniel who when leaving is not02:04:22
attached to nothing except that arrived at the top02:04:24
she wears a harness she has glasses02:04:26
because at 150 180 km hour the slightest02:04:30
fly becomes a hurtful thorn02:04:40
and like flying straight it's not02:04:42
funny and look good02:04:55
on giant screens you can02:04:57
see Daniel she dances02:05:33
at the time when planes flew in pairs02:05:37
there were a number of women who had02:05:40
joined this team of which Daniel was02:05:42
the trainer I think of Stéphanie02:05:45
pensive02:05:52
she is just held02:05:55
by hand one foot on the back of02:05:59
wing another foot forward02:06:02
and she says hello to you02:06:04
and yes she says hello to you and she02:06:06
looking at you I can assure you02:06:07
that she sees you02:06:11
she returns to the cockpit02:06:13
while the plane is turning02:06:21
Emiliano del bueno he is Italian02:06:23
original as its name suggests02:06:25
obviously he settled in Switzerland he02:06:27
has a passion for aviation he observes02:06:30
tirelessly stealing from his mother02:06:31
herself and private pilot he passes his02:06:34
patent at 17 and looking for02:06:36
sensations Emiliano is going to take part in the game02:06:38
of the aerial acrobatics of which he cannot02:06:39
no more happening02:06:42
an aeronautical history buff02:06:43
also who does not forget the planes02:06:45
stories he likes02:06:47
pilot present in flight to give02:06:50
life to history as he says02:06:51
so Emiliano today but he is at02:06:53
the head of a company called02:06:54
46 aviation and for which they want02:06:57
on this sterman but also of course02:06:59
other planes including an extra332 aerobatics02:07:02
because it is also part of02:07:04
the aerobatic team02:07:17
so it's good to get on the wing02:07:19
superior with this pylon02:07:23
and you will see that the matter will be02:07:25
toughen02:07:39
and Daniel is releasing a02:07:40
new from the cockpit but there02:07:43
to walk on the wing and she goes02:07:45
join the middle of the wing and all02:07:47
the time it will go to the end of the wing better02:07:50
she will even sit on the edge of the wing02:07:52
how does it look at the edge of a counter02:07:54
what an extraordinary vision ladies and02:07:57
gentlemen you can greet her02:07:58
greet you she looks at you I'll tell you02:08:00
pray salute there it is his reward02:09:08
she is on the left side of the plane you02:09:10
see it wrong and the plane will make a02:09:12
turn around and there you will see it but it02:09:14
not going to turn around anyhow02:09:15
look02:09:17
and she is lying in the shrouds02:09:19
between the two wings02:09:24
placed almost in nothing02:09:30
she is the dancing fairy02:10:35
magnificent photo for the spots with this02:10:39
liner passing behind and Emiliano02:10:43
del bueno with his wife Daniel who02:10:46
now has reached the tip of the wing02:10:49
she is in the shrouds at the end of her02:10:50
and she greets you imagine yourself at 150 to02:10:54
the hour doing a salute02:10:58
answer him you can she you02:11:00
look and Emiliano too02:11:44
in memory of all those02:11:46
who made aviation02:11:48
Daniel and Emiliano 100 years later02:11:53
reminder02:11:55
that these flying madmen today02:11:57
allow in comfort02:11:58
extraordinary to cross the skies and02:12:00
join the continents why02:12:03
join and quite simply like02:12:04
Saint-Exupéry said it so beautifully for02:12:07
that men meet and02:12:09
can understand each other better02:12:14
sitting on the edge of the wing02:12:17
one hand hooked into the shrouds and02:12:19
the plane slipping02:13:05
for Emiliano it is also complicated to02:13:08
fly with someone who is in02:13:10
end of her because it's a drag02:13:11
huge and therefore there are inconveniences02:13:13
aerodynamics which are important and02:13:16
with that well he is obliged to02:13:17
counter his plane obviously 45002:13:19
horses it helps Emiliano symbol02:13:22
petitjeers02:13:23
a trust between Daniel and Emiliano02:13:27
you imagine total and of course for02:13:29
meet ladies safety standards02:13:31
and gentlemen the tens jettman please02:13:34
face news before to landing well yes02:13:37
fasten your seat belt02:13:38
Daniel straps his landing02:13:41
belt because you never know02:13:58
the flying candy of 46 aviation this plane02:14:03
pink color02:14:07
upon landing and then in a few02:14:09
moments the rotating sail we are02:14:12
switched to biplane02:14:14
and now to the helicopters02:14:16
exactly 2 l then 4L and soon the02:14:21
rotating thieves with this h160 on02:14:24
your left which will reach the threshold02:14:26
track always always under the orders of02:14:28
flight direction02:14:32
this medium-sized twin-engine aircraft is one02:14:34
flagships of the roadmap02:14:36
the Airbus helicopter company in02:14:38
innovation and decarbonization02:14:40
since it integrates no less than 6802:14:42
patented technologies02:14:51
first this civil helicopter was02:14:53
initially developed for transportation02:14:54
of passengers, that’s why it was02:14:57
imagine since he is capable of02:14:58
cover a distance of 880 km in02:15:01
only three hours and 20 minutes02:15:05
its payload of almost 2 tonnes02:15:07
now allows Airbus helicopter to02:15:08
offer a military version the h160m02:15:12
cheetah02:15:18
and yes the interamamet helicopter02:15:19
light joint force will allow the Navy02:15:22
National Air Force and02:15:23
Space for the Army to carry out02:15:25
an impressive range of missions02:15:27
each innovation of airby helicopters02:15:29
included for the protection of02:15:31
environment research02:15:32
obsessive about cost reduction02:15:34
energy and sound02:15:39
the h160 is therefore a success since it02:15:41
became the most sober by 15% by02:15:43
compared to his predecessors of the same tone02:15:45
age02:15:47
the performance obtained between02:15:49
consumption and speed and linked to02:15:51
the excellent performance of these two02:15:53
hard safran arano engines but also02:15:55
to the aerodynamic optimization of02:15:57
the aircraft taking off the Airbus02:16:00
h160 helicopter02:16:57
at the rear we find the window02:16:59
inclined Airbus trademark it02:17:02
helps improve the payload of02:17:03
the helicopter while the blades blue02:17:05
Edge contribute to reducing the02:17:07
noise level of 50% compared to02:17:10
other helicopters of the same02:17:11
category you could have heard it at its02:17:13
lift-off02:17:16
this obviously allows the passenger to02:17:18
benefit from unrivaled experience02:17:20
equipped with the helionix suite02:17:22
reduced pilot assistance for the h16002:17:24
crew workload in02:17:25
this technological concentrate equipped with everything02:17:28
first computerized flight manual for02:17:30
helicopter02:17:38
all users of these02:17:40
civil or military helicopters will be02:17:42
the beneficiaries of a system of02:17:43
optimized maintenance which reduces02:17:45
costs optimize availability02:17:47
operational and offers capabilities02:17:50
breathtaking aerodynamics and that02:17:52
happening here at Le Bourget02:18:28
[Music]02:18:44
and this time in front of us02:18:46
before going down02:18:55
it's flight controls make it02:18:57
extremely maneuverable while these02:18:59
motors allow it to recover02:19:01
energy when needed02:19:05
this offered the pilot a real02:19:06
driving comfort02:19:09
and this especially offers the helicopter the02:19:12
ability to drive many02:19:14
broadcast missions which are already02:19:16
allocated in the armies since we have02:19:18
received the first models of the helicopter02:19:20
a ground but light02:19:25
to show it to us in every way02:19:26
Oliviergence seams the pilot of this02:19:29
helicopter today pilot DC02:19:30
waltzes above the floor02:19:49
Olivier Jean is a former pilot02:19:51
army military helicopter02:19:53
the air which joined it in 1990 it02:19:57
specializes in research and02:19:59
combat relief before joining02:20:00
pilot school deaths in 2000 and 802:20:03
years later Airbus helicopter in02:20:05
quality of test pilots02:20:20
when we talk about energy management02:20:22
look carefully since the helicopter02:20:24
reverses and then02:20:26
he will always go backwards02:20:45
during these more than 8000 hours of flight02:20:47
he was able to participate in the development of02:20:49
goat of the squirrel of the h130 or even the02:20:51
h160 lots of absolute wonders02:20:55
which come to us from Airbus helicopters02:20:56
manufacturer found in the02:20:58
south of France in Marignane02:21:01
at Marseille Provence airport or02:21:03
designed all these helicopters02:21:07
Olivier was lucky, shall I say?02:21:09
privilege of flying on 69 aircraft02:21:14
and beyond his piloting abilities02:21:16
test it is also a pair of02:21:17
family and would like today to greet02:21:19
Noah 22 years old hello Noah02:21:35
and while the landing gear is02:21:38
got out look closely at the cameras and02:21:41
cameras are now a figure02:21:43
previously unpublished on a helicopter02:21:45
ladies and gentlemen Olivier Jans02:21:48
presents drift02:22:12
[Music]02:22:31
and look now they are opposite02:22:33
your hands have come out of02:22:35
cockpit and they greet you02:22:52
after this last greeting we go02:22:55
return to rest in the purest02:22:57
tradition of tactical landings02:22:59
helicopter you see it ago02:23:01
a few seconds he was still in02:23:02
doing his demonstration and he02:23:05
is already 3 meters from the ground ready to02:23:07
return to the parking lot02:23:09
Airbus helicopter was proud of you02:23:11
present this technological marvel02:23:13
the h16002:23:20
and how much a helicopter can hide02:23:22
another one and well here's a second one it's02:23:24
the NH90 is a helicopter02:23:27
probably the most versatile in the world02:23:29
in terms of mission it is the NH 9002:23:33
which was built and designed under02:23:36
under the aegis of a consortium designated Nhi02:23:39
because new helicopter in the02:23:42
street02:23:44
it brings together the skills of Airbus02:23:45
Foker helicopter and the water blacks there02:23:48
It is therefore a Viret helicopter02:23:50
truly European02:23:54
this swim 90 now known by the name of02:23:57
Caïman is a twin-engine helicopter of02:23:59
maneuver and assault it has for02:24:01
main tactical transport mission02:24:03
for the staff but also for the02:24:05
material of tons and a half transported there02:24:08
brought to you by Light Aviation02:24:10
of the army led by a02:24:12
gamestraat flight test crew02:24:14
they moved to base the gas in Valencia02:24:17
statt what is it and what is it02:24:19
are test pilots who will test02:24:21
all the material that colleagues go02:24:24
on the theaters of operation used this02:24:27
maybe the shoes as well02:24:28
computer tablets that02:24:30
armaments02:25:04
this high performance helicopter02:25:07
allow you to cross 800 km a02:25:09
turbine speed close to 300 km/h02:25:13
they make 2600 horsepower each they are02:25:16
the RTM 322 and the rotor and well it is02:25:20
entered by these two turbines it is 1602:25:21
meters in diameter02:25:25
a 4 ton load carrier02:25:27
High Tech piloting that has nothing to envy02:25:30
to the new airliner this is what02:25:33
fact that today young people who02:25:34
want to enter a medley and02:25:36
space but also in the Navy02:25:37
national02:25:39
we want to fly on a helicopter02:25:41
because they are real02:25:43
technological concentrates of helmets02:25:46
calls them the top hall that means02:25:47
owl watching and these boxes for the02:25:50
particularity of being at the02:25:53
shape of the skulls of the pilots they will02:25:58
stall on the on-board electronics they02:25:59
will receive all the information02:26:00
which will be transferred to the visor02:26:03
infrared camera that allows flights that02:26:06
it's two days of night in02:26:08
difficult weather conditions and02:26:10
hostile tactical situations02:26:15
it was also the first device that02:26:17
was fitted as standard with flight controls02:26:20
electric so look at the agility02:26:22
maneuver rather than a large text02:26:26
a beautiful demonstration02:27:54
two versions of this helicopter02:27:56
first is the TTH for tactical02:27:59
helicopter transport it is dedicated to02:28:01
the light aviation of the army and02:28:03
then the second which is for our friends02:28:05
sailors NFH Navy Friday helicopter02:28:09
of the National Navy02:28:12
since 2014 it has been engaged in operation02:28:14
externally it was the barkhane operation02:28:17
in Saharan sail strip remember02:28:20
also the resilient mission in the02:28:22
medical transport during covid and02:28:25
then also a support mission02:28:27
to the populations it was the storm Irma02:28:29
in the French West Indies02:28:32
soon he will equip the Forces02:28:33
Special because there will be a02:28:35
helicopter which will be totally dedicated02:28:37
tfra it will be the standard of but that02:28:40
it is in the very near future a02:28:42
model of the rest of this version is02:28:44
currently on display at the Nhi stand02:28:48
biofuel yes civil military everything02:28:50
the world is getting started02:28:52
here at the Paris Air Show 30% of this stand02:28:56
able aeronautical fuel oil the famous SAF02:28:59
which will enter our language02:29:02
24% carbon saving capacity02:29:05
maximum SAF was tested in February02:29:07
23 so it was yesterday at the center of02:29:10
servers from Istres where we are friends 90% of02:29:13
SAF represents a saving of 72% in CO202:29:17
almost 400,000 flight hours completed02:29:20
in just over 15 years of operations02:29:24
2 pilots Captain Clément he has 290002:29:28
hours including 700 hostile territories in02:29:31
14 years old he will be almost on everyone02:29:33
missions like in Kosovo, Chad or02:29:35
in Mali or even at the port02:29:37
helicopter for missions02:29:38
interallied therefore in cooperation with02:29:41
our friends02:29:43
I know he looks online because02:29:45
that it's live retranspects dad02:29:47
to Dominique, mother Jacqueline and then02:29:49
the captain is the02:29:51
Lieutenant-Colonel Pierre he almost02:29:54
3000 flight hours 900 in test02:29:57
he also made several02:29:59
missions in theaters of operation02:30:00
before becoming this test pilot who02:30:03
here presents this beautiful machine to you02:30:04
they are accompanied by the mechanic02:30:07
sailor of lieutenant Benoît he integrates02:30:09
flight tests in 2020 almost02:30:13
2500 flight hours in 1200 on NH 9002:30:18
a crew who knows this very well02:30:21
machine presented to you02:30:22
many times like all the pilots who here02:30:25
present are in control of the situation02:31:40
NH90 landing and in the series02:31:44
helicopter there is a third02:31:47
and yes after aeromobility and02:31:49
transport as professional as possible, as close as possible to02:31:52
enemy theater this time02:31:54
support and destruction02:31:57
now crewed by two pilots02:31:59
they are at the controls of the helicopter02:32:01
fighting tiger called had to support02:32:04
and destruction presented in armed version02:32:07
by a gamestad crew on02:32:09
aeromobility group and section02:32:11
army tactics02:32:16
this unit is made up of pilots02:32:18
deaths of light aviation of the army02:32:20
earth responsible for testing all02:32:22
materials made available to02:32:23
crews this obviously goes02:32:25
pilot's shoes passing through the02:32:27
computer tablets up to02:32:28
the armament and on-board electronics they02:32:31
are responsible for absolutely all02:32:32
certifications02:32:40
on board this aircraft two officers02:32:43
both became pillars of death in02:32:46
pilot seat, that is to say at the front02:32:48
Commander David is more than just02:32:50
behind him Captain Kévin in place02:32:52
of captain one is responsible for the02:32:55
immediate control of the machine then02:32:57
that the other is responsible for the02:32:59
mission management a little more02:33:01
long distance i.e. it goes02:33:04
think about 2 3 minutes02:33:11
the tiger had is a multiro helicopter02:33:13
equipped with a 30 mm cannon with large02:33:16
travel it carries a large02:33:18
variety of weaponry ranging from rockets02:33:20
home battery RR Mistral or even the02:33:22
elfire airsol missile but also02:33:25
additional tanks for02:33:27
conveyances or missions of02:33:29
long endurance02:33:37
taking off the herbus EC665 helicopter02:33:40
tiger02:34:52
this crew is also equipped with helmets02:34:54
topoal which allows you to use all02:34:56
tiger armaments with precision02:34:58
formidable in aligning information02:35:00
of the visor on the target02:35:03
this system allows you to save02:35:05
precious reflex milliseconds during02:35:07
of a fight02:35:08
multirol the tiger is a helicopter02:35:10
designed for air combat yes like02:35:12
fighter planes02:35:16
excellent compromise between power of02:35:17
fire agility performance and protection02:35:20
crew with 6 needs capacity02:35:22
a quick break from an armor02:35:24
additional02:35:32
real making of aerocoma lance02:35:35
French the tiger is deployed without02:35:36
discontinue since 2009 on all02:35:39
theaters of operation for having carried out02:35:42
each four campaigns the two pilots02:35:44
confirm the adage that says more than one02:35:46
single operation without the presence of02:35:48
tiger02:36:20
for these crews stolen from this author02:36:22
their daily life is almost dizzying02:36:24
it happens 2 meters from the ground at 250 km02:36:27
hour02:36:34
two days like night they know how to02:36:36
blend into their environment in order to02:36:38
carry out missions as dense as02:36:40
complex02:36:59
the tiger is a hunter he analyzes his02:37:03
environment it seeks its prey02:37:05
when the latter sees it most02:37:08
sometime it's already too late after02:37:10
observation we take action02:38:20
so why not just one operation anymore?02:38:22
sentigre plus a single operation without02:38:25
tiger since when a convoy goes02:38:27
moving the tiger forward will carry out02:38:29
scans going a little upstream02:38:31
a little downstream to secure the02:38:33
progress of the convoy and above all02:38:35
deter any potential enemies from coming02:38:37
take them to side with the soldiers02:38:40
deploy on the ground the sound you requested02:38:43
is a sound as familiar as it is reassuring02:39:35
while the demonstration will touch on02:39:38
his end the crew offers him for02:39:40
one of the last times the opportunity02:39:42
to look at this helicopter under all02:39:43
its seams02:39:45
we turn slowly but we can also02:39:47
turn02:39:49
much much faster02:40:28
once again look closely at the agility02:40:29
of this helicopter which plunges towards the02:40:31
ground02:40:32
we turn and recharge smoothly02:40:34
like an airplane the load factor can02:40:36
go up to 3 G5 yes the helicopter02:40:39
is made to endure it02:40:41
its main transmission box02:40:43
that is to say the junction between the02:40:44
engines and blades is extremely02:40:46
resistant it allows tigers02:40:48
to have a flight envelope which offers02:40:51
driver almost unlimited options02:42:36
ladies and gentlemen light aviation02:42:38
of the Army salutes you02:43:25
each plane each helicopter are02:43:27
planned for a mission for for02:43:29
resignation02:43:30
this will be the case shortly with a02:43:33
aircraft which is very efficient since it02:43:35
is called the Rafale and this plane will02:43:37
demonstrate that when there is02:43:40
a flyover of a protected site of a site02:43:44
sensitive restricted airspace02:43:46
of a city also and well from then on02:43:49
that on radar we identified that an intruder02:43:53
was going to happen there is an answer02:43:54
immediate where we know who the intruder is or02:43:58
so we're going to see them and that's in02:44:00
a few moments isn't it François02:44:01
exactly in just a few02:44:04
minutes here at Le Bourget a demonstration02:44:06
active aviation security measure02:44:08
i.e. an interception02:44:30
we take advantage of waiting for the Rafale02:44:33
take place until the intruder arrives because02:44:36
that obviously it will be an intruder who02:44:37
will still be known and fortunately02:44:41
we ask you to take care of02:44:42
you and your children put02:44:45
hats hydrate you put some02:44:48
Solar cream02:44:50
the sun will shine with its rays like02:44:53
we say but it could turn out to be a02:44:55
problem to be able to sleep so avoid02:44:58
burns avoid sunstroke and02:45:00
then also avoid blows02:45:01
heat which are due to lack02:45:04
hydration so hydrate yourself02:45:06
protect your children all children02:45:09
must have hats and must02:45:11
have shoulders that are covered02:45:15
thank you for your collaboration and then02:45:18
cher-françois stole orders02:45:24
we are in Paris Paris is one of02:45:27
most monitored airspaces02:45:29
from Europe or even the world you see on02:45:32
on your left you can see the defense on02:45:34
on your right we see the airports02:45:36
Parisians who welcome and send away02:45:39
many planes all day long02:45:41
this is coordinated all this is02:45:43
monitored02:45:47
you don't see it you don't hear it02:45:49
and yet you are protected you are02:45:51
permanently protected by the Army02:45:53
Air and Space which for this02:45:55
event has created around you a02:45:58
protective bubble02:46:02
we call this a device02:46:04
particular aspect of aviation security that means02:46:07
say that we made a fence02:46:09
virtual around Le Bourget today and02:46:12
all week a grill through02:46:15
which no plane can pass without02:46:17
authorization no plane but even none02:46:20
drone because yes we are even capable of02:46:23
detect drones02:46:26
everything that happens here is seen analyzed02:46:29
monitor control02:46:33
and it's happening more than 500 km from here02:46:36
it all starts on airbase 94202:46:39
of Lyon Mont Verdun where the02:46:41
National Air Operations Center02:46:44
this center constantly monitors 2402:46:47
hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days02:46:50
per year the French sky02:46:54
and above you there is a plane02:46:57
a plane which was not necessarily02:46:59
authorized today to enter02:47:01
the Bourget space is for02:47:04
simulation is for exercise02:47:07
so let's assume that this plane is a02:47:08
intruder02:47:10
every day there is another plane that02:47:12
it's called the Rafale or the02:47:13
mirage of a thousand and who is on alert02:47:15
ready to take off in just two02:47:16
minutes the crews are02:47:19
permanently equipped and ready to jump02:47:23
in their planes right on your02:47:25
right the Rafale takes off02:47:48
[Music]02:47:59
[Music]02:48:04
you will see him with his first02:48:06
the Rafale turns a flight domain which02:48:08
allows it to intercept any02:48:11
type of aircraft that flies between 150 and02:48:14
1600 km/h where that’s all there is to it02:48:20
[Applause]02:48:25
[Music]02:48:31
[Music]02:48:44
[Music]02:48:56
after showing you part of his02:48:58
maneuverability their gust will now02:49:00
go and intercept the other aircraft it02:49:03
This is a PC 21, the latest tool for02:49:05
aviation school training02:49:07
Cognac hunting02:49:09
this plane trains our fighter pilots and02:49:11
our combat navigators in the Army02:49:13
Air and Space02:49:17
but also Navy pilots02:49:19
national which will also end up on02:49:21
gust02:49:27
we control our speed02:49:29
and look at the ease with which02:49:31
their burst slipped behind PC 2102:49:44
it's almost a regular workout02:49:46
daily for pilots who go02:49:48
practice taking off on alert to02:49:50
intercept aircraft what you02:49:52
see there it is permanence02:49:56
operational sky police02:50:02
a flap of wings means go02:50:04
ask yourself02:50:08
the PC 21 by its wing beat02:50:10
explains that he understood the instructions to02:50:12
this coding is known to everyone02:50:13
pilots whether they are military or02:50:15
civilians02:50:21
and then if it was a plane that02:50:23
was lost if this plane was not02:50:25
returned there voluntarily but02:50:27
if he had gotten lost if he was in the02:50:29
bad weather and good Air Force02:50:30
would take off to go and place itself at its02:50:32
sides and bring it back thanks to its02:50:33
instruments on the airfield02:50:35
closer02:50:38
that's what happened anyway there02:50:40
was 4 years old when a DR400 a small plane02:50:42
tourist lost an Alpha Jet which02:50:44
was at the time stationed on the base02:50:45
air from Tours had taken off and the02:50:48
survived through bad weather02:50:49
to a piece of land to help him get02:50:51
pose safely yes that too02:50:54
this is one of the missions of the army02:50:55
the queen of space02:51:09
I let you admire the difference02:51:10
of incidence that we find between the02:51:12
two planes the incidence is the angle02:51:14
that there is between the nose of the plane and its02:51:15
trajectory the Rafale can show02:51:17
up to 27 degrees of incidence which gives it02:51:21
allows you to fly very slowly thanks to02:51:22
its electric flight controls02:52:01
[Music]02:52:09
aéro France released short final for the02:52:12
PC 21 the Rafale understood its mission02:52:14
pushes the throttle forward02:52:16
combustion pause and return to base02:52:18
Mission accomplished02:52:33
and after this02:52:35
interception exercise PC 21 will02:52:38
return to the west of France on the02:52:41
Cognac air base we thank02:52:42
the fighter aviation school to have been02:52:45
among us here at Le Bourget for this 54th02:52:48
edition of the International Exhibition of02:52:50
Aeronautics and Space02:53:08
the Rafale for its part comes to land02:53:10
to join the static exhibition02:53:12
sera fan was not driven by02:53:14
anyone a great instructor for02:53:16
pilot this beautiful instructor plane within02:53:19
of squadron 3 4 Aquitaine the 4002:53:21
burst transformation he is the coach of02:53:23
Burst according to display 20302:53:26
his name is Jérôme Toul02:53:29
also known as schuss02:53:47
obviously all the military02:53:49
join in this demonstration that it02:53:51
either from the Air and Space Force02:53:52
of the army's light aviation02:53:54
as we saw earlier or else02:53:55
the National Navy that we will have the02:53:56
pleasure to see later all are02:53:58
present here for you and all of you02:54:00
salutes after today's interception02:54:04
comes yesterday's ground attack with a02:54:07
plane which is a monster of power and02:54:10
this stone plane is the02:54:14
well it’s Douglas ad Sky02:54:17
Raiding a plane that you can literally02:54:21
defined as a bomb truck02:54:24
so much quantity and diversity02:54:26
of weapons taken away is impressive we02:54:29
will see him in a few moments02:54:31
orders from Bernard Vurpillot he is02:54:33
huddled in his cockpit which is02:54:36
approximately 4 meters high02:54:37
behind a 4.20 meter propeller with02:54:40
an engine of almost three bits and in02:54:43
beneath him sufficient space02:54:45
large to carry troops02:54:47
commandos or simply02:54:50
weapons or equipment02:54:53
this plane will line up in a few02:54:55
moments he has a particularity02:54:56
also it is to have the wings which02:54:58
are withdrawing because this plane was serving02:55:00
also on aircraft carriers02:55:13
since the beginning of the week but even02:55:14
before because there were tests in02:55:16
flight and the air traffic controller is02:55:19
omnipresent air control is in02:55:21
direct line with flight management02:55:22
who is right next to us and who02:55:24
will orchestrate this aeronautical broom02:55:28
air traffic controllers here at the airport02:55:30
Bourget but not just because they are02:55:32
also at Roissy Charles de Gaulle he02:55:34
opens availability periods for02:55:36
that the axes can be protected once02:55:39
cooperation between ground staff and02:55:41
the flight crew because when we02:55:43
is pilot yes okay it is02:55:44
actually the most visible part02:55:46
but what kind of world is there?02:55:48
behind and when we build02:55:50
flight suits that we make02:55:52
gloves for Rafale pilots because02:55:53
that these gloves should not be with02:55:55
seams should not be how02:55:58
they must be anti static they do not02:56:00
must not injure the pilot he must02:56:03
also able to absorb sweat02:56:05
possibly or humidity on the02:56:06
helmet in short these are02:56:09
thousands of professions which each in02:56:12
their corner will create what today02:56:14
exists and without you without humans02:56:17
but all that wouldn't exist02:56:23
and humans have a history and02:56:24
this story is Douglas Sky02:56:27
Raider is a support bomber02:56:30
single-engine piston tactical one of02:56:32
last ones which were used in the armies02:56:34
of the modern era and it was released at02:56:36
the time when the first hunters02:56:37
reaction fully fit into the02:56:39
part he nevertheless showed with02:56:41
success one's abilities in combat we are02:56:44
in the 49s and 50s Bernard Werpillot02:56:48
at the controls of the Sky Raider02:58:10
during the war we had a plane02:58:11
which is quite powerful it is called the02:58:14
downless it's at the end of the Second02:58:17
World War Is Coming Project02:58:21
which was imagined in 44 but which was not02:58:24
placed that in 45 this doteless will change it02:58:28
will become ad 1 and Laura this02:58:31
version02:58:34
the version presented to you here02:58:35
today is the attack version02:58:37
at night with a crew which is composed02:58:39
of a pilot he is alone in his position02:58:41
two radar operators who are under the02:58:44
sky that is to say well below02:58:46
of the pilot and for this variant the02:58:48
radar compartment will replace the02:58:50
aerosins so access will be via a02:58:52
glass door on each side of the fuselage02:58:54
with a scoop which is located on the back02:58:57
of the device and who will ensure the02:58:58
equipment ventilation and yes it is necessary02:59:00
in these planes we have no other02:59:02
ventilation than that of the outside we02:59:04
already carries electronics and she02:59:06
heats up because the transistors do not02:59:09
are not yet invented we are with02:59:11
big lamps that heat up a lot02:59:14
and the rest to give you an example02:59:15
pilot who is on this plane and02:59:17
well he had a radio behind him02:59:19
behind his armored seat and this radio02:59:21
powered by lamps to provide him02:59:23
a temperature around 30-4002:59:25
degrees when it was already 40 degrees02:59:28
outside, imagine it was hell02:59:29
inside the idea was to arrive on02:59:31
as quickly as possible to height to go02:59:33
recover this decreasing temperature02:59:35
speed of 6 degrees02:59:38
5 per 1000 meters or 2 degrees per foot02:59:42
in other words we can go up to -5602:59:44
degrees when we are at 10 mm02:59:52
an armament as we have said practically02:59:55
plethora with mainly a four02:59:59
20 mm cannons an offensive charge of03:00:01
3 tons 6 or one and a half times that03:00:04
quadrimes engines could transport03:00:06
when they flew over hostile countries03:00:09
on which they were going to throw their03:00:11
bomb03:00:15
when we arrived in Vietnam we did03:00:18
evolve this plane we allow it to03:00:19
transport almost 7 tonnes03:00:22
of armament exactly the weight of this03:00:24
empty plane, this therefore gives it a03:00:27
large no small arms03:00:29
just to give an example a burst03:00:31
of three seconds with all of these03:00:33
cannons, 150 shells are sent03:00:37
obviously the matter is rather03:00:40
dissuasive it is a plane which will be03:00:42
used in particular in03:00:46
in Vietnam because some pilots and03:00:49
well achieved by the DCA, that is to say the03:00:51
defense against plane will be shot down03:00:53
and these pilots are going to eject, are going to eject03:00:55
find himself in hostile territory and he will03:00:58
have to protect them by delivering everything03:01:00
around them a mine sum of03:01:03
way to protect the pilot and prevent03:01:05
commands the enemy to come03:01:08
capture03:01:10
then we will send helicopters03:01:12
these helicopters will come and recover03:01:14
the pilots are the pretty Greens and03:01:18
these helicopters that we call03:01:20
Sandis or orals and well they had03:01:22
for a03:01:24
particularity of being destroyed too03:01:26
when they were going to pick up the people at03:01:28
save and therefore this plane03:01:32
started to spin as it is now03:01:34
he does it only to attract03:01:36
fire from the opposing DCA against him03:01:41
therefore03:01:44
this motto for its planes will become03:01:47
for others to live03:01:53
today it is maintained in condition in03:01:56
the collection which is located in La03:01:57
Ferté-Alais it is piloted by Bernard03:02:00
wurpillot who leaves the sector03:02:03
directly and who will join them03:02:05
ferté-alaise is north of Orly and03:02:09
we invite you to really go and visit03:02:10
this this aeronautical museum absolutely03:02:12
splendid03:02:34
and after this presentation a plane03:02:36
civilian a transport plane like I03:02:39
told you at the beginning of this03:02:40
demonstration that we had here at03:02:43
Bourget03:02:44
Saint-Exupéry said make them03:02:46
meet, they will understand each other better03:02:47
so there are planes for that Airbus03:02:51
today presents the latest addition to the03:02:55
family of Airbus A320 neo I named03:02:58
the Airbus A32103:03:00
XLR XLR is for extra long range03:03:05
designates as you have understood03:03:06
an aircraft with a very long range03:03:09
plane which was the 320 which we increased03:03:13
in volume and watch film you go03:03:17
see an impressive takeoff03:04:43
XLR for extra-long range and within the03:04:46
Airbus catalog and this plane of03:04:48
line will offer companies03:04:49
aerial operations flexibility03:04:51
new because usually the range03:04:54
so-called single-aisle planes are03:04:56
say the seat on either side of a hallway03:04:58
in the middle and well it is used for03:05:00
gold courier flights with Airbus03:05:03
a321xlr the paradigm changes since it03:05:06
now has a range of action03:05:08
lengthened by around 4700 nautical03:05:11
that is to say for us 8700 km and all03:05:15
this for 11 hours of flight and without03:05:17
stopover this plane has a unique asset03:05:20
for the airlines it will be03:05:22
as effective and usable for example03:05:24
to go to Paris Milan or for a bet03:05:27
New York consequently 24403:05:31
passengers who are transported go03:05:33
find on competing flights the03:05:35
same comfort as that offered during03:05:38
long-haul flights spacious seats03:05:41
comfortable there are screens of03:05:42
18 inch entertainment is huge03:05:44
valuable assets to maximize the03:05:47
serenity of the trip whatever the03:05:48
duration03:05:49
a commercial airline operation03:05:51
it is also a sector of activity where03:05:54
seasonality may involve03:05:55
fill and distance variations03:05:57
to browse the Airbus A321 XLR suddenly03:06:01
becomes at once a course and a means03:06:04
and a mail and this flexibility03:06:06
exploitation has become possible03:06:07
because we put tanks there03:06:09
additional but also thanks to03:06:11
reinforced landing gear and03:06:13
cell of course lying side03:06:15
motorization a modularity which is to03:06:18
honor since we can choose between03:06:19
two engines either one loan Whitney or03:06:22
a CFM lip two engines which make03:06:25
of art 321 XLR a plane and economical03:06:29
also capable of flying with03:06:32
SAF fuel we have been talking about it since03:06:35
start it's the Sun stay Ball and vision03:06:37
fuel oil03:06:39
safeguarding our environment is03:06:41
at the heart of Airbus' considerations which03:06:43
are committed to all of these03:06:45
projects to reduce as much as possible03:06:48
greenhouse gas emissions and03:06:50
this day03:06:51
560 aircraft were ordered by 2603:06:54
customers of course this is only the03:06:56
beginning03:06:57
at the controls of this plane the heart one03:07:00
a little tight there is Hugues03:07:03
vanderstichel first we kiss03:07:05
Stéphanie but not only03:07:12
makes its last Paris Air Show this03:07:16
man who was03:07:17
polytechnician who then went through03:07:20
fighter pilot to become a pilot03:07:23
trial because that was its goal and which03:07:25
was also director of studies03:07:27
in engineering schools and who has03:07:28
supported young people from the sectors03:07:31
disadvantaged in Toulouse to be able to03:07:33
obtain diplomas and integrate03:07:36
also the world of aviation03:07:38
commercial03:08:42
the co-pilot Yann Buffy is the one who03:08:45
for the future will be the demonstrator in03:08:48
Paris Air Show, a man who made03:08:50
naval aeronautics on Airbus A32003:08:53
350 and 380 and then Jean-Philippe03:08:57
Cottez is the engine man,03:08:59
the flight engineer who was the one who03:09:01
developed in particular the engines of03:09:02
the Airbus A400M03:09:05
Patrick Duchet is responsible for03:09:08
flight tests we salute him very loudly and03:09:11
then at his side also Rémi Valois03:10:25
Rémi Valois we greet his wife Sophie03:10:29
daughter Clotilde03:10:31
Rémi who becomes light aviation03:10:33
the army and then a big kiss to03:10:35
Kim on belly03:10:39
and then a big hello and a big03:10:41
thank you also to put Axel Pivet there03:10:44
will be why I say thank you03:10:48
a story of a man who turns a page03:10:51
Hugues vanderstichel will return to03:10:53
flight tests03:10:56
and we will turn around to drink a03:10:58
blow together03:11:05
let's stay in the twin-engine category03:11:08
and turbines but Cerois it is03:11:10
turbine will drive a propeller on a03:11:13
plane which appears on your left03:11:14
it's called the North American ov1003:11:18
Bronco03:11:24
this aircraft was designed to meet the03:11:27
American program Lara a light aircraft03:11:29
of recognition and atacosol it is03:11:32
a request from the US Navy03:11:36
the objective was the acquisition of a03:11:38
Anki anti-guerrilla fighter plane and 903:11:41
manufacturers have worked each of their03:11:45
side to present prototypes to the03:11:48
final it is in 1964 that this one will be03:11:50
accepted for takeoff the ov10 Bronco03:12:11
it has a very particular shape and03:12:13
this is one of the reasons why he03:12:15
took no less than 7 prototypes03:12:17
to arrive at 7 versions the version03:12:19
finale that we see flying today03:12:20
a twin engine the objective is obviously03:12:23
to be able to lose one and still03:12:25
return to base because yes03:12:28
the Bronco in front of Wallonia close to the ground03:12:31
he was supposed to be able to take hits03:12:33
and above all make them03:12:42
it's urban tubes we were talking about03:12:44
they have a power of 700 horsepower03:12:46
each03:12:49
and by driving the propellers it allows03:12:51
for this aircraft to reach a speed of03:12:53
450 km/h so no no good account flies03:12:57
not very fast but we are going far 2000 km03:12:59
twice France03:13:07
why this autonomy and everything03:13:08
simply to observe you have to be able to03:13:10
fly for a long time above the deserts03:13:13
above cities sometimes above03:13:15
its own allies to go03:13:17
support at the right moment, that's what03:13:19
ground attack aircraft03:13:22
for some it would be a little03:13:23
the ancestor of the A10 capable of carrying03:13:26
lots of weapons and like you03:13:28
see when he doesn't have his weapons and03:13:30
well he has phenomenal power03:13:31
relative to its mass and it can make a03:13:33
a little bit of aerobatics03:13:48
a ton 6 of weapons or equipment03:13:51
fuel that makes it a real tank03:13:53
flying assault03:13:57
assault tank that can use03:14:00
rockets bombs bombs03:14:01
incendiaries of cannons etc etc03:14:04
solutions are multiple with all03:14:06
transports which are both under03:14:07
the wings and both under the fuselage03:14:11
we built around 350 of them03:14:13
found from the United States to Colombia in03:14:15
passing through Thailand and Morocco03:14:17
it is therefore an ideal aircraft for anti03:14:20
guerrilla03:14:23
this plane is in war yes we have it03:14:25
found in Vietnam to strike or03:14:26
designate targets for hunters03:14:28
f100d at the time was not like03:14:31
today today we designate a03:14:33
target with a laser and another plane03:14:34
can come and treat this target and well03:14:37
no, 50 years ago we sent a03:14:39
request with smoke bombs the hunter to03:14:42
side arrived at 70,800 km/h deliver its03:14:45
arming and leaving03:14:51
in the Broco we don't have a lot of03:14:52
place but we have an extremely view03:14:54
clear, imagine yourself on board this03:14:56
device03:14:58
with a03:15:00
plugs a controller between the legs03:15:02
gas on the side we have a panoramic view03:15:05
thanks to the windows that make up the03:15:07
cockpit we don't have a lot of space03:15:09
but we have enough visibility03:15:10
to decide in real time what we have03:15:13
want to do03:15:16
and precisely this place today we03:15:18
finds Jean-Luc Berry and yes we03:15:22
call him Chuck so we call him03:15:23
of Chuck in the Air Force which he03:15:25
came out we still call him Chuck03:15:26
today at the European Museum of03:15:28
Montélimar fighter aviation03:15:32
a museum twinned with this one the03:15:34
Aeronautics and Space Museum03:15:36
du Bourget03:15:40
somewhere there is the mascot03:15:42
flying mascot which will move from03:15:44
airshow in airshow for03:15:46
promote this museum it is 25000 m² at03:15:49
aeronautical heritage service03:15:52
is proud this year to celebrate its 35th03:15:55
candle03:16:00
obviously the crews suddenly03:16:01
today would like to thank the03:16:04
municipality of Montélimar which03:16:06
allows this museum to be expanded03:16:07
from year to year to have today03:16:09
the largest collection of aircraft in03:16:12
hunting the world and they practically03:16:14
not all Dassault Aviation planes03:16:16
less than 70 fighters are all remade03:16:20
and repainted there to be presented to03:16:22
you the general public03:16:25
a flap of wings from ChuckDescription:
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