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0:00

Match Statement Definition

0:28

Match Statements in Godot Pt. 2

2:39

Basic Match Statement Flow Chart (continue)

3:19

Match Patterns

3:45

Constant Pattern Example

4:10

Variable Pattern Example

4:51

Wildcard Pattern Example

5:11

Binding Pattern Example

6:11

How are Array Patterns Tested

6:49

Array Pattern Example

8:50

How are Dictionary Patterns Tested

9:30

Dictionary Pattern Example

10:36

Multiple Pattern Example

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Match

Statement

Godot

GDScript

Tutorial

Learn

Programming

Pattern

Value

Fundamental

Series

Beginner

00:00:01

welcome to another episode in the GD

00:00:04

script fundamental tutorial series in

00:00:06

this episode we will be talking about

00:00:07

the match statement so a match statement

00:00:10

is a type of selection control mechanism

00:00:13

used to allow the value of a variable or

00:00:16

expression to change the control flow of

00:00:18

a program execution via search in map

00:00:21

basically you use a variable to match a

00:00:23

pattern and execute the code inside the

00:00:26

match block statement one thing to keep

00:00:28

in mind is that patterns are matched in

00:00:30

chronological order if a pattern matches

00:00:33

the match block will be executed after

00:00:35

the block of code has run the match

00:00:37

statement will exit the chain so you'll

00:00:40

find yourself using two things quite a

00:00:42

lot when using match statement one is

00:00:44

the underscore you can use the

00:00:46

underscore symbol at the bottom of a

00:00:48

match statement to denote a default

00:00:50

block statement to run the second thing

00:00:52

you may find yourself using is the

00:00:53

continue keyword what that basically

00:00:56

does is if you would like to continue

00:00:57

looking through match patterns you use

00:01:00

the continue keyword let's go ahead and

00:01:02

take a look at an example of a match

00:01:04

statement without the continue keyword

00:01:05

as you see here you have the keyword

00:01:07

match followed by a value that value can

00:01:11

be anything a variable dictionary array

00:01:14

it could even be a hard literal but no

00:01:17

matter the value what you're gonna have

00:01:18

our patterns underneath it in this case

00:01:21

we have one and an underscore what that

00:01:24

basically means is that our value has to

00:01:26

match one of these patterns in order to

00:01:28

execute the code inside as we've

00:01:30

discussed previously the underscore is

00:01:33

considered like a default block so here

00:01:35

you can see the match keyword is

00:01:37

followed by a value after the value

00:01:39

you'll have yourself patterns that

00:01:41

you'll use to see if the value matches

00:01:43

any of the patterns so let's go ahead

00:01:45

and take a look at a basic match

00:01:47

statement flowchart as you can see when

00:01:49

we've started the match statement we

00:01:52

take the value and we look at the

00:01:54

patterns in this case we look at case 1

00:01:56

we check the pattern if the pattern

00:01:58

matches we enter the block statement and

00:02:00

we exit the code however if the pattern

00:02:03

doesn't match we move on to the next

00:02:05

pattern we check if they match and if

00:02:07

they match we enter the block statement

00:02:09

and exit the code however if that's

00:02:10

false you'll either exit the code or if

00:02:13

you have an

00:02:14

score which is considered to be the

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default block you'll enter the default

00:02:18

block you'll enter the block statement

00:02:20

and then you'll exit the code let's go

00:02:22

ahead and take a look at an example with

00:02:24

the continue keyword very simple all you

00:02:26

have to do is just type continue at the

00:02:29

bottom of your match statement block

00:02:31

what this basically means is that even

00:02:32

if your value matches a pattern continue

00:02:35

and check other patterns after it what

00:02:38

this looks like is basically the same

00:02:40

thing as the first match statement

00:02:42

however we're using the continue keyword

00:02:44

we take a value we check if our value

00:02:47

matches a pattern and if it matches we

00:02:49

entered the block statement execute all

00:02:52

the code and then we move on to the next

00:02:54

pattern we do the same thing we check if

00:02:56

that pattern matches our value and if it

00:02:58

does we enter the statement block

00:03:00

execute the code and we move on to the

00:03:02

next now in this case we have a default

00:03:04

if there was no default you would just

00:03:06

exit your match statement chain however

00:03:08

if you do have the default which is

00:03:10

again the underscore you'll enter that

00:03:12

because it's a wildcard you'll enter

00:03:13

that statement and you'll exit very

00:03:15

simple stuff once you get the hang of it

00:03:17

of course so there are seven different

00:03:19

types of match patterns you may find

00:03:22

yourself using in GT script you have the

00:03:25

constant pattern the variable pattern

00:03:27

the wildcard pattern the binding pattern

00:03:29

the array pattern the dictionary pattern

00:03:32

and the multiple pattern let's go ahead

00:03:34

and take a look at the constant pattern

00:03:36

a constant pattern is very simple it's

00:03:38

basically just primitive data types you

00:03:41

know your boolean z' your strings

00:03:42

integers etc let's go ahead and take a

00:03:45

look at an example of a constant pattern

00:03:47

so you can see here we're just using

00:03:48

literal values in this case an integer

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value and a string value we're basically

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saying if X is either one or the string

00:03:56

hello keep in mind that strings have to

00:03:58

be case sensitive very simple very

00:04:01

straight for it let's move on next you

00:04:02

have the variable pattern just as the

00:04:04

name implies you're using a variable or

00:04:06

enum to represent your match pattern if

00:04:09

you look at the print statement that's

00:04:11

basically how we're trying to match our

00:04:13

pattern if X is equivalent to Health and

00:04:16

for the name if X is equivalent to name

00:04:18

again very straightforward let's move on

00:04:20

now we've talked briefly about the

00:04:23

underscore symbol being the default but

00:04:25

in reality the underscore symbol

00:04:27

is a wildcard pattern basically a

00:04:29

wildcard pattern is used to match

00:04:32

everything again sometimes this pattern

00:04:35

is used as a default block meaning it

00:04:38

runs when all other tests fail however

00:04:40

you don't have to use it as a default

00:04:42

block since match statements run in

00:04:44

chronological order it's best to use the

00:04:46

wildcard pattern as your last pattern in

00:04:48

the match statement chain let's take a

00:04:50

look at an example of the wildcard

00:04:52

pattern it's very simple it's just an

00:04:54

underscore and underscore will match

00:04:56

anything in everything moving on we have

00:04:59

the binding pattern the binding pattern

00:05:01

catches everything just like the wild

00:05:03

card statement however the binding

00:05:06

pattern assigns the match value into a

00:05:09

variable let's go ahead and take a look

00:05:11

at that as you can see here we have

00:05:14

declared a variable in our match pattern

00:05:17

var and a variable name very important

00:05:20

you have the keyword var followed by a

00:05:23

name for your variable basically what

00:05:25

this means is that whatever is in your

00:05:26

match value that value will get passed

00:05:29

on to the variable that you just named

00:05:31

in your pattern and then you can use

00:05:33

that name in your block statement so as

00:05:36

you can see here we have the print

00:05:37

statement print value of x and we're

00:05:42

using our newly created variable keep in

00:05:44

mind that these variables are in local

00:05:47

scoped which means you can only use the

00:05:49

variable name in the block statement

00:05:51

that belongs to the pattern okay moving

00:05:53

on to an array pattern an array pattern

00:05:56

is basically that every single element

00:05:58

in the array is a pattern in itself and

00:06:01

arrays can be nested in your patterns a

00:06:04

very important thing to keep in mind is

00:06:06

that you can use sub patterns inside

00:06:09

your array so when you are testing your

00:06:11

value with an array pattern it is tested

00:06:14

in the following order first the length

00:06:17

of the array is tested if that match

00:06:19

fails or rather if the length of the

00:06:22

value and the pattern are different then

00:06:25

the match fails however if it passes

00:06:27

then the next thing it tests for is if

00:06:30

the value and the pattern elements

00:06:32

inside the array are the same if the

00:06:35

array of the value is different than the

00:06:37

pattern array then your test will fail

00:06:41

however if they are the same then it

00:06:42

passes and it executes everything inside

00:06:45

the block statement belonging to that or

00:06:48

a pattern and let's go ahead and take a

00:06:49

look in this case we have a value X and

00:06:53

we're matching three different things so

00:06:55

the first thing we're testing is an

00:06:56

empty array if your X has a value of an

00:06:59

empty array then it's gonna go ahead and

00:07:01

match our array pattern the first array

00:07:04

pattern and it's gonna prints out empty

00:07:05

array however if that fails X is gonna

00:07:08

move on and test itself in the second

00:07:10

pattern X needs to have exactly a one

00:07:13

two three as the first three elements of

00:07:15

its array followed by anything because

00:07:17

the pattern and the second pattern array

00:07:20

is a wild-card so that means X is fourth

00:07:23

element can be any value and lastly the

00:07:26

fifth element of X can be any value

00:07:29

however it is going to be passed into a

00:07:32

binding pattern in this case we called

00:07:34

it last element you can use last element

00:07:37

inside the block statement belonging to

00:07:39

the second array pattern so yes you can

00:07:42

use different types of patterns inside

00:07:45

your array a pattern now the last

00:07:46

pattern in this example as you notice at

00:07:49

the very end or the third element we're

00:07:53

using two periods what this means is

00:07:56

that our array is open-ended basically

00:07:58

if X has an array with the first two

00:08:01

elements being the value of one and two

00:08:03

it can be anything and any size after

00:08:06

that and it will match the third element

00:08:09

again this is called an open-ended array

00:08:12

array patterns are very powerful you can

00:08:14

do quite a lot with it so moving on to

00:08:17

the last example we have the dictionary

00:08:20

pattern the dictionary pattern works

00:08:22

just like the array pattern except

00:08:24

instead of arrays you'll be using

00:08:26

dictionaries keep in mind that all keys

00:08:29

have to be constants when using them in

00:08:32

your patterns however the values you use

00:08:34

in your key value pair for your pattern

00:08:38

dictionaries can be anything and by

00:08:40

anything I mean sub patterns so sub

00:08:43

patterns can be used on the dictionary

00:08:45

values of the dictionary pattern okay

00:08:48

moving on

00:08:49

so basically dictionary patterns follow

00:08:51

the same test format that array patterns

00:08:54

use so let's go ahead and take a look at

00:08:56

that so first the length of the

00:08:58

dictionary value is tested against the

00:09:00

dictionary pattern if the match fails

00:09:03

then we move on to the next pattern

00:09:05

unless of course you're using the double

00:09:07

period sub pattern which makes your

00:09:09

pattern and open-ended dictionary now if

00:09:12

the test pass what the value and what

00:09:15

the pattern look for is if they hold the

00:09:18

same key and value pair if the key and

00:09:21

value pairs are different then your test

00:09:24

will fail however if they match then

00:09:27

your test will pass let's go ahead and

00:09:29

take a look at that so our first example

00:09:30

is an empty dictionary if X is an empty

00:09:33

dictionary we meet or rather we match

00:09:36

the first pattern and we go ahead and

00:09:38

print out empty dictionary now the

00:09:40

second one behaves just like our array

00:09:42

example however keep in mind that our

00:09:45

keys and values have to be exactly the

00:09:48

same what this means is X has to have

00:09:50

key and value and key too and any value

00:09:54

in order to pass for the second pattern

00:09:57

now the last example is an open-ended

00:09:59

dictionary just like the array you use

00:10:01

two periods at the end and basically

00:10:05

your value can be any dictionary of

00:10:08

length except its first key value pair

00:10:11

has to be key followed by value the last

00:10:13

pattern is the multiple pattern you can

00:10:16

specify multiple patterns as long as

00:10:19

they are separated by commas multiple

00:10:21

patterns cannot have bindings to them

00:10:23

basically you can have a range of values

00:10:26

that the value can match against doesn't

00:10:29

have to match against just a single

00:10:31

value it can match against multiple

00:10:33

values let's go ahead and take a look at

00:10:34

an example as you can see here we have a

00:10:37

pattern 1 2 3 4 5 everything separated

00:10:40

by commas keep that in mind and

00:10:42

basically what this means is that as

00:10:43

long as X has a value of 1 2 3 4 or 5 we

00:10:49

will match the pattern and we will

00:10:50

execute everything in the block

00:10:52

statement very simple very

00:10:54

straightforward easy to use well that's

00:10:57

it for this episode I hope to see you in

00:11:00

the next

Description:

In this episode, I look into the basics of creating match statements in Godot GDScript. ✅ Github Project File: https://github.com/Godot-Tutorials/Match-Statement Godot Tutorials ---------- 🌸 Website: https://godottutorials.com/ 🐦 Twitter: https://twitter.com/godottutorials Resources ---------- 🎮 Godot Game Engine Tutorial Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ690cxlZTgIsmdEhFufnB7O6KWoMS8M6 💻 GDScript Fundamental Tutorial Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ690cxlZTgL4i3sjTPRQTyrJ5TTkYJ2_ 🐥 Trello Page with other Godot Channels: https://trello.com/b/TAHIZJ9D/godot-game-tutorials In this episode, I cover the following topics: - Match Statement Definition - Match Statement Flow Charts - 7 Pattern Types This is a reupload of a previously uploaded episode that had a mistake with the dictionary pattern. Special thanks to Ron Tarrant for pointing that out. This is part of a beginner's programming series called the GDScript Fundamentals Tutorial Series.

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