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Table of contents
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Table of contents

0:00
Début
0:39
Sommaire
0:54
Qu'est-ce qu'un commutateur ?
2:40
Qu'est-ce que la commutation ?
4:32
Comment le commutateur apprend les adresses MAC ?
7:56
Le domaine de collision
12:22
Conclusion
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Subtitles

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  • ruRussian
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00:00:04
hello everyone and welcome to this
00:00:06
new chapter of our
00:00:08
preparation for the ccnt for the
00:00:12
first cisco certification on the site
00:00:15
alforme.com so here we are going to talk
00:00:17
about switching
00:00:18
we are going to start with a short
00:00:20
video presenting the fundamentals of the
00:00:22
swing I will do some reminders of what
00:00:24
we have already seen in the
00:00:26
fundamental chapter and as well as an
00:00:29
in-depth look at the topics
00:00:32
related to switching and then we
00:00:35
can move on to practice with the
00:00:37
following videos
00:00:39
so what we are going to see in
00:00:40
this video we will first see
00:00:42
a quick reminder of what a
00:00:43
switch is, switching how
00:00:46
a switch will learn the
00:00:49
switches to perform and finally the
00:00:52
subject of the collision domain so
00:00:55
let's start with the reminder what is it that
00:00:57
a switch therefore a switch it is
00:01:00
a level 2 element therefore a
00:01:02
level 2 network component compared to the model
00:01:04
here so I recall level 2 models
00:01:07
link level so it is the one in
00:01:09
which we speak of mac address of csm
00:01:12
gave in etc
00:01:13
remember a switch is
00:01:17
what differentiates it from a router
00:01:19
was only a level 2 element and
00:01:22
will not understand the level
00:01:24
3 elements of the motel also so it does not know how to
00:01:27
work with the 'ip etc
00:01:30
yes it is only interested in
00:01:32
mac addresses so it brings many
00:01:35
additional functionalities
00:01:36
compared to first of all the
00:01:39
level 1 elements to the level 1 element which is
00:01:41
the hub so first of all the first
00:01:44
something that will bring more will be
00:01:46
the switching, that is to say the switching,
00:01:48
we have already seen that the hub simply takes care
00:01:52
of repeating a signal on these
00:01:55
different ports so there is no
00:01:57
intelligent management to signal oneself
00:02:00
does not understand
00:02:01
the signal that is why we say that
00:02:03
it is a level 1 component it
00:02:04
only works beat lives it will not be
00:02:07
the case of the switch which will be
00:02:09
able to understand ethernet trams
00:02:12
and therefore to act accordingly
00:02:15
it also brings
00:02:18
additional functionality compared to another
00:02:20
level 2 component which is the bridge
00:02:22
given that it is multi-pocket brige
00:02:24
allows us to connect different
00:02:26
networks only thanks to its two
00:02:30
ports
00:02:32
the switch will therefore be multiport which
00:02:34
will therefore also allow us the
00:02:36
question of switching, that is to say
00:02:38
switching, so let's talk
00:02:41
directly about switching, therefore
00:02:44
switching as indicated by the name in
00:02:45
French of commutator or switch in
00:02:47
English
00:02:48
it is a multiport component so it
00:02:52
is connected to one or more machines
00:02:55
through each of its ports in
00:02:58
fact one of its ports can
00:03:01
only be connected to one component but it
00:03:03
can be connected in quotes to
00:03:05
several machines if it is a hub for
00:03:08
example which is connected to one of these
00:03:10
ports several machines will be
00:03:12
connected to seube and the most same
00:03:14
disconnected as to a plan
00:03:16
so all this the fact of having several
00:03:20
machines on different ports will
00:03:22
allow us to determine
00:03:24
intelligent way or sent each frame to
00:03:26
say that unlike them which
00:03:28
repeats the signal each time on all
00:03:31
its pores
00:03:32
the switch will send it the signal
00:03:35
on the appropriate port and only on the
00:03:37
appropriate port how it will do this
00:03:40
but quite simply it is capable of
00:03:42
understanding the trams and therefore of
00:03:44
extracting the mac address of two destinations
00:03:47
thanks to a table called the
00:03:51
ca m table so that we try to use
00:03:53
memory or calm table symbols
00:03:56
it will therefore make a correspondence
00:03:58
between these pigs is the mac address of the
00:04:02
machine of the machines connected to this
00:04:04
port so in the future that
00:04:08
trams which have this
00:04:11
mac address as their destination will only be sent to this support, this is
00:04:14
what we call switching so it
00:04:16
will not be necessary confuse switching with
00:04:17
routing communication as I have
00:04:20
already seen is done at level 2
00:04:23
so work in relation to the
00:04:24
mac addresses while routing is done at
00:04:26
level 3 so it works in relation
00:04:28
to the ip addresses
00:04:29
we will talk about it again in two chapters so
00:04:34
how our switches will learn
00:04:39
the different mac addresses and
00:04:42
record them in its quiet table
00:04:44
you should know that initially when you
00:04:46
connect your switches to their
00:04:48
networks its obvious cam table
00:04:51
in any case if you took it from a
00:04:53
old network you live so that it
00:04:56
adapts to the new network on which
00:04:59
you connect it so given that
00:05:03
this table is empty there is no
00:05:05
correspondence between mac address and port
00:05:07
which is recorded in fact this
00:05:11
cam table will be filled in a dynamic
00:05:14
and intelligent way thanks to the different
00:05:16
frames which will receive our little by little
00:05:18
our commentator will learn to
00:05:22
compose the network of the different
00:05:25
fathers to which it is connected and therefore
00:05:28
know little by little acquired on which
00:05:30
port sent that it tram which corresponds
00:05:33
to a destination Mac address so
00:05:35
how will this be done quite simply
00:05:37
when receiving a frame
00:05:38
you know that this train contains a
00:05:42
source Mac address that of the machine
00:05:44
having sent the frame is a
00:05:47
destination Mac address so when it receives
00:05:50
a first frame the switch will
00:05:52
associate the source mac address with the port
00:05:55
through which this trap arrived
00:05:57
then given that it has no
00:06:00
association in its cam table between
00:06:02
the destination mac address and one of
00:06:05
its ports it will send the packet to
00:06:07
everyone, that is to say on all levels
00:06:09
be careful do not confuse this
00:06:11
with broadcasting
00:06:12
here it is a simple repetition of a
00:06:15
cram on several ports while waiting
00:06:17
to have recorded this information
00:06:20
in its table none then when the
00:06:23
destination machine responds to this
00:06:25
frame so there is no
00:06:28
reception techci procedure and it is of
00:06:30
course a machine receives a frame
00:06:32
so then going up the
00:06:35
different layers cetera it will
00:06:36
interpret the information from this
00:06:38
train and act accordingly
00:06:39
so normally it should send back a
00:06:42
frame in response is not automatic
00:06:43
but often it will do it
00:06:45
depending on the protocol of the
00:06:47
upper layers which is used so when
00:06:49
this machine will respond to this train
00:06:51
that it has received the switch the switch
00:06:55
will be able to once again associate the
00:06:58
source mac address of this frame which was
00:07:02
sent in response to the port through which
00:07:04
this frame arrived thus it has
00:07:08
registered two machines the one which
00:07:10
sent the first frame is the one which
00:07:12
responded and small little by little by carrying out
00:07:14
these operations it fills its calm table
00:07:17
of course this cam table can be
00:07:20
updated if you replace on a
00:07:22
shift one machine by another when
00:07:25
this new machine will send a
00:07:27
frame it is a new source mac address
00:07:30
which is associated with this port is
00:07:32
therefore the address in the cab table will be
00:07:36
updated so that is why we say
00:07:39
that in the end a switch is a
00:07:42
kind of intelligent hub it knows how to
00:07:44
take little by little from the different
00:07:47
machines that 'they are connected to it in order to be
00:07:50
able to carry out a good switching
00:07:52
therefore to know to which port sent
00:07:54
information which is not the case of the
00:07:56
hub
00:07:57
then a very important subject
00:07:59
also a treaty it will be the
00:08:01
question of the collision domain or
00:08:03
was already mentioned what a
00:08:05
collision is a collision is the fact of having two
00:08:09
pieces of information on the same media which
00:08:12
will collide
00:08:14
therefore overlap and modify and
00:08:17
cancel each other and
00:08:20
therefore to avoid this fact the
00:08:23
collisions
00:08:24
we therefore have an algorithm that we will
00:08:28
call the csm has given in which allows us
00:08:31
to avoid having these collisions by
00:08:34
listening to the media to know if a signal
00:08:38
is currently launched etc in order
00:08:41
not to systematically send the signals
00:08:43
so in summary the csm gave in when
00:08:46
I have already mentioned in
00:08:48
previous videos we are setting up a system
00:08:51
called half duplex so it
00:08:54
ensures that we can only
00:08:56
communicate on a medium one
00:09:01
person at a time if so you want
00:09:04
to know the csm has given in it is used
00:09:07
when we are connected to a hub when we
00:09:10
are on a bus typology so when
00:09:13
we have a single media for several
00:09:15
machines and we have to manage concurrent access
00:09:19
this will not be the case when we are
00:09:20
connected to a switch because the switch
00:09:22
has intelligently managed the
00:09:25
different frames, that is to say that it will be
00:09:27
able to store the frame and send it
00:09:30
only when the media is free which will
00:09:32
allow us to avoid collisions
00:09:34
so we can say that the switch
00:09:38
prevents us from needing the csm has given in
00:09:40
we will say that we work in full
00:09:43
duplex when we are connected to a switch
00:09:45
that is to say that we do not care not if
00:09:47
another another machine communicates
00:09:51
on the media at the same time as we
00:09:53
are a priori the only user of the
00:09:55
media and the switch will take care of
00:09:57
sending us information only if the media
00:09:59
is free, so this will
00:10:03
allow us to limit the
00:10:05
collision domain a domain of conditions it is
00:10:06
an area of ​​our network in which there
00:10:09
can be collisions so
00:10:11
typically it is any young network which
00:10:13
is composed only of
00:10:16
level 1 components and therefore endows in our diagram
00:10:20
with right we see for example that the
00:10:22
circle in water designates a collision zone
00:10:25
so our machines are connected in
00:10:27
half duplex to our
00:10:29
rob which itself is connected to the
00:10:31
switch so this entire zone ub plus the
00:10:34
three machines is a zone of
00:10:35
collision
00:10:36
there can be collision between our
00:10:38
left machine and our
00:10:40
right machine on their communications
00:10:43
given that the hub only cares about
00:10:46
repeating the information beat lives
00:10:48
so if it receives information it
00:10:50
will repeat it for the three machines
00:10:52
which are connected so there is a risk of
00:10:54
collision that is why we use
00:10:56
haf duplex to avoid having
00:11:00
collisions but this does not
00:11:02
completely resolve collisions and I
00:11:05
had already mentioned this to you a while ago
00:11:06
latency etc.
00:11:07
I invite you to watch the video
00:11:08
associated with talking about ethernet to
00:11:11
better understand this subject so the
00:11:15
fact of using a switch
00:11:17
allows us here in our example
00:11:18
to have isolated us different machines
00:11:22
to limit the collision domains
00:11:24
thus we will have a network more soul body
00:11:28
so here each machine has in
00:11:33
quotes its collision domain in
00:11:35
fact if we are on
00:11:37
twisted pair cables it is two
00:11:40
different pairs or groups of
00:11:42
different parents which are used for
00:11:43
sending and receiving so in
00:11:46
fact there is almost no risk there
00:11:49
is no risk of collision between a
00:11:52
switch is a machine connected via a
00:11:56
twisted cable this will not be the
00:11:59
case for coaxial cables
00:12:02
this will also be the case for
00:12:04
optical fiber I have already told him
00:12:06
optical fiber is bare unidirectional our
00:12:08
accounts to connecting uses two
00:12:10
optical fibers one for transmission
00:12:11
the other for reception
00:12:13
so it is very important in the
00:12:15
design of your network to clearly
00:12:18
determine the areas of collision in
00:12:20
relation to the use that you use so
00:12:23
we will have seen in this video a
00:12:25
quick introduction to switching which
00:12:28
therefore consisted of firstly recalling
00:12:30
the principles of the switch the interest
00:12:32
and the principles switching and
00:12:35
finally a subject linked to design which is the
00:12:38
domain of collisions and we will be
00:12:39
able to move directly to practice
00:12:41
on our cisco switches by focusing
00:12:44
on our first approach to the
00:12:47
cisco command line ayew so I will
00:12:49
see you all immediately for this
00:12:51
first approach

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