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Англия

Уэльс

00:00:06

our planet 10,000 years ago, the end of

00:00:09

the Ice Age, the water level in

00:00:12

the world's oceans rises, melting

00:00:14

glaciers flood low-lying areas and the

00:00:17

English Channel appears, separating the island from the

00:00:19

north-eastern edge of Europe in the next

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millennia on the island where the

00:00:25

indigenous inhabitants appear a little,

00:00:27

settlers from the southern part of the continent

00:00:31

in the century before AD From the territory of

00:00:33

modern France, the

00:00:35

Celts came to the British Isles and with them the

00:00:37

art of iron smelting at the beginning

00:00:40

of our era. Britain became a Roman

00:00:43

colony and centuries later the island

00:00:46

was conquered by the Germanic tribes of the

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Angles and Saxons. Their dominance ended

00:00:52

in 106 after the raid of William the

00:00:55

Conqueror from

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Normandy. centuries, despite

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endless dynastic conflicts,

00:01:03

Great Britain grew richer and strengthened its

00:01:06

dominance, turning into the Greatest

00:01:08

Power of the era already at the end of the 19th century,

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Queen Victoria ruled an empire that

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occupied almost a quarter of the land on

00:01:16

which 372 million people lived, these

00:01:20

were people of different skin colors, different

00:01:22

cultures and

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[music]

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religions

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rock and folk Stone Gate of Great Britain

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Strait of Pade Kole lost its former significance

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after the construction of Euroton, connecting the islands

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with

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the continent, this masterpiece of engineering is full of the

00:02:00

centuries-old isolation of the country. But in this

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isolation for the British there were also considerable

00:02:04

advantages; the geographical position protected

00:02:07

Great Britain from uninvited guests and was a

00:02:10

prerequisite for the creation of a huge and a

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powerful fleet, a fleet and turned a small

00:02:15

island state into a power of world

00:02:28

significance [music] a mighty castle grew 400 years

00:02:32

later, King Henry VI turned the port into a

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real

00:02:39

[music]

00:02:43

fortress Diamond in silver

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Every Englishman knows about the right of the ocean These are the words of

00:02:49

William Shakespeare, but they are most often

00:02:52

quoted here in Dover, on the coastal

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cliffs near the city, the action of

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one of the scenes of King

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Lear's plays is played out today. The great playwright would not have recognized

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this city; the coastline has completely

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changed 15 years ago

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[music]

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tunnels were brought here London - the capital of the country; here the

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heart of Great Britain beats; a

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huge metropolis and its suburbs

00:03:32

have about 15 million inhabitants, that is,

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almost a fifth of the country's total population. The

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royal residence is located in London. The

00:03:43

political, economic and cultural

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life of Great Britain is concentrated here. The city is traditionally

00:03:48

open to the whole world and it is inhabited by people of

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various

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ethnic groups. The European city is closely located not

00:04:01

only on land with bridges and embankments

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the Thames opens up the most picturesque

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cityscapes; the calling card of the City is

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its unique

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architecture; the Tower fortress, which

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has served as a residence, an arsenal, a

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treasury, and a prison;

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one of the most famous buildings in

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London; the impressive Tower Bridge,

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built at the end of the 10th

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century; another symbol of the city;

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St. Paul's Cathedral, it was built on

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at the turn of the 10th and 15th centuries, on the site of a

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medieval temple destroyed by

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fire, the style of the cathedral was inspired by the

00:05:02

baroque architecture of Rome, while the

00:05:05

architect of the cathedral himself, Christopher Wren, had never been to the eternal

00:05:08

city,

00:05:10

this temple witnessed

00:05:13

great historical events many times in 1981,

00:05:17

the eyes of everyone turned to the cathedral

00:05:19

world, the most colorful

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wedding ceremony in history took place here the wedding of

00:05:25

Prince Charles and Diana

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SNR wars the cathedral survived

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the Luftwaffe bombings and became a symbol of the

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rebellious in the City in the London financial

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center medieval churches are adjacent

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to office buildings in the postmodern style made

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of glass and

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aluminum

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Trafalgar Square People's Pride

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and Memory about the military power of

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Great Britain, Nelson's Column rises above the square

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in 1805 at the Battle of

00:06:14

Trafalgar. The Admiral defeated

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Napoleon's fleet, ensuring his country's

00:06:19

dominance on

00:06:25

[music]

00:06:28

the sea. The

00:06:31

majestic building has 660

00:06:34

rooms and since 1837 has been a

00:06:37

royal residence. The first mistress of

00:06:40

the palace was Queen Victoria in her honor a

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marble monument was erected here

00:06:46

throughout the 64 years of her reign

00:06:49

Victoria maintained the power of the

00:06:58

empire

00:07:00

visiting since

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1993 an

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incredibly popular show with tourists

00:07:08

daily ceremonial changing of the

00:07:11

guard of the Palace

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Guard one of the most guarded

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buildings 10 the official residence of the

00:07:31

British

00:07:34

Prime Minister Westminster here

00:07:36

are two chambers of the British

00:07:38

Parliament chamber communities consisting of

00:07:41

representatives of different political

00:07:43

parties and the House of Lords Winston Churchill

00:07:47

seems to still be watching how

00:07:58

decisions are made here

00:08:01

[applause]

00:08:04

the best view of the parliament buildings and

00:08:07

Big Ben opens from the right bank of the

00:08:15

Thames visitors to the British Museum can

00:08:18

trace the history of the development of culture and

00:08:20

art of all civilizations of the world this

00:08:24

oldest public museum in the world was

00:08:26

opened in

00:08:27

1759 from those

00:08:29

regularly adding to its priceless

00:08:37

collection the Egyptian collection of the

00:08:39

British Museum the largest

00:08:42

foreign collection of works of

00:08:44

art of Ancient Egypt one of the

00:08:46

most valuable exhibits The Rosetta

00:08:49

Stone which is over 2000 years old

00:08:53

thanks to the analysis of inscriptions on In this stone,

00:08:55

Egypt managed to find the key to deciphering the

00:08:58

ancient Egyptians.

00:09:04

A one-of-a-kind opportunity to

00:09:06

stand next to the most famous

00:09:08

people of the present and past.

00:09:11

Welcome to Madame Tusauds in the legendary

00:09:14

wax museum. You can feel like

00:09:16

you are at the highest reception, surrounded by

00:09:19

famous politicians and

00:09:21

pop culture stars. They look like as if they were alive and not

00:09:24

trying to hide from the crowd of their

00:09:28

fans, the most famous

00:09:35

of the famous gathered in the large hall. If

00:09:38

you don’t want to take a

00:09:41

souvenir photo with the royal

00:09:46

[music]

00:09:58

family, then

00:10:04

why do tourists go to London? For

00:10:06

Londoners themselves it is already familiar and ordinary; the

00:10:09

real pride of the Megapolis

00:10:11

is the center rich in green spaces

00:10:13

city in terms of the amount of

00:10:15

vegetation it surpasses any

00:10:18

capital of

00:10:19

Europe in London, about 1,700 parks and

00:10:23

about the same more modest greenery of

00:10:25

squares. Sai is a famous oasis in Hyde

00:10:29

Park. Although it gained its Fame not only

00:10:31

thanks to its well-groomed lawns. Every

00:10:34

Sunday in the so-called

00:10:36

Speakers' Corner in the north-west part of the park, a

00:10:39

unique performance has been taking place

00:10:41

here since 1872. Everyone

00:10:44

has the right to speak freely on

00:10:46

any topic. And this cannot but attract

00:10:49

political enthusiasts and eccentrics,

00:10:52

even the most daring speeches are permissible, but with the

00:10:55

only condition that it is forbidden

00:10:57

to insult the Queen and members of the Crown, a

00:11:03

conditional test is held through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich the Prime

00:11:05

Meridian since

00:11:06

1884, time has been measured here;

00:11:10

it is impossible to deny oneself the

00:11:13

pleasure of instantly jumping from the

00:11:15

western hemisphere to the

00:11:18

eastern one; on the opposite bank of the

00:11:20

Thames, the towers of the Canary

00:11:22

embankment rise; stylish administrative

00:11:25

buildings instead of useless docks; this

00:11:27

was the slogan of the construction project; during the

00:11:30

industrial boom of the eighties of the

00:11:33

XX century, the project was not only bold but also

00:11:36

very risky at the beginning of a new decade

00:11:39

When the entire complex was completed

00:11:40

there was a decline in production and a huge

00:11:43

area of office space was empty

00:11:45

for several years. Fortunately for

00:11:47

investors, the British economy soon

00:11:49

began to gain momentum and ultimately the

00:11:52

project turned out to be

00:11:58

successful

00:12:03

[music ]

00:12:15

[music]

00:12:19

[applause]

00:12:20

behind these walls, 70 kilometers

00:12:23

southeast of London, there is one of the

00:12:25

most beautiful towns in England; it is a

00:12:28

historical canter; a university

00:12:30

center and the residence of the top of the British

00:12:42

church; passage through the city gates

00:12:45

opens up a Journey into the past into the

00:12:47

Middle Ages at the end of the 6th century.

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St. Augustine arrived here with the mission of

00:12:52

converting the Anglo-Saxons to the true faith.

00:12:55

It was then that the archdiocese was founded

00:12:59

from the 10th Century. Canterbury became an important

00:13:01

center of pilgrimage in 1170.

00:13:05

Archbishop of

00:13:07

Canterbury Thomas Becket was martyred here; he was killed by the

00:13:10

knights of King Henry

00:13:17

[music]

00:13:24

[music]

00:13:28

II in 58 year, the monastery monks first gathered for

00:13:32

classes, this is how it arose

00:13:35

in sch, the oldest school in England in the 10th

00:13:40

century, Christopher Marlowe, the most

00:13:43

famous after Shakespeare, the British

00:13:47

[music]

00:13:58

playwright of

00:13:59

Roma, studied here. We go out to the gates of the Church of Christ,

00:14:03

one of the most remarkable

00:14:04

architectural monuments in

00:14:07

[music]

00:14:12

the city,

00:14:14

Canterbury Cathedral the historical

00:14:16

residence of the archbishops, and starting from the 15th

00:14:19

century, the main center of the Anglican Church

00:14:23

during the reign of Henry, relations with Rome

00:14:26

were

00:14:28

diversified

00:14:29

from the Roman Anglican

00:14:33

[music]

00:14:36

[applause]

00:14:37

[music]

00:14:46

church will someone deliver me from

00:14:49

this traitor

00:14:51

Beketai

00:14:52

provoked the murder of the archbishop

00:14:55

Tomos Although perhaps the Knights simply

00:14:57

misinterpreted

00:15:00

Moch, be that as it may, the archbishop was

00:15:04

killed in his own

00:15:08

residence the tragedy took place in

00:15:12

1170, Becket wagging his finger with his

00:15:15

pursuer on this stained glass window was

00:15:17

canonized in 1173, his

00:15:25

martyrdom

00:15:27

reformation again fell into disgrace, however,

00:15:31

his holiness was no longer

00:15:33

disputed by anyone in many

00:15:36

Kings, bishops and famous knights are buried in the cathedral

00:15:42

[music] [

00:16:00

music]

00:16:03

[applause] [music]

00:16:11

today visitors can plunge into

00:16:13

the atmosphere of the Middle Ages by participating in

00:16:16

such an unusual

00:16:21

[music]

00:16:27

performance

00:16:34

[music] [music

00:16:49

]

00:16:57

lill

00:17:00

[music]

00:17:02

these are scenes from famous The Canterbury

00:17:05

Tales of Geoffrey

00:17:09

[music]

00:17:23

Chaucer The number of bicycles

00:17:26

suggests that many young people live nearby and

00:17:30

so we are in the most famous university town in the world.

00:17:32

Students

00:17:35

brought up in the rather harsh conditions of

00:17:37

Cambridge do not have to worry about the success of

00:17:39

their future

00:17:47

career. It’s hard to say. It helps to study. The

00:17:50

extraordinary medieval atmosphere

00:17:52

or on the contrary, it only distracts from books.

00:17:55

However, it is much calmer here than in

00:17:57

Oxford, in the center of England, the first

00:18:01

college in Cambridge appeared already in the 10th

00:18:05

century in 129, it was founded by Oxford scientists, they

00:18:27

quarreled, the

00:18:45

pride of Cambridge, its architecture, in addition to its

00:18:48

wonderful buildings, the university

00:18:50

is famous for its magnificent

00:18:57

churches.

00:19:04

The best thing about a high level of education

00:19:07

says the list of graduates writers

00:19:10

Byron Tennyson Nabokov outstanding

00:19:13

researcher Isaac Newton philosopher

00:19:16

Ludwig Wittgenstein Prime Minister of India

00:19:19

Jawaharlal Nehru all these celebrities

00:19:22

studied at Cambridge

00:19:25

English kings and princes were also educated here,

00:19:28

prominent politicians and entrepreneurs

00:19:31

Prince Charles is a graduate of Cambridge

00:19:40

young gentlemen and ladies in

00:19:43

evening in their attire, they gather for a

00:19:47

graduation party, junior students celebrate the

00:19:49

end of the academic year, not so

00:19:51

solemnly but no less

00:19:57

noisily, a

00:19:59

typical English dad is one of the Great

00:20:03

Many, traditionally there are no

00:20:05

waiters here, beer is ordered

00:20:07

directly from the

00:20:27

bar

00:20:37

[music]

00:20:47

another entertainment on

00:20:49

campus a boat ride on the river km

00:20:53

like suddenly finding yourself in Venice You

00:20:55

can serenely enjoy

00:20:57

the landscape while rowing hard so they

00:21:00

earn extra money to pay for

00:21:05

[music]

00:21:27

studies

00:21:32

[music]

00:21:55

we go to the north of the VM to get acquainted with the

00:21:59

idyllic

00:22:03

[music] [applause] [

00:22:21

music]

00:22:27

village

00:22:31

[music]

00:22:32

[applause]

00:22:34

[music]

00:22:53

The pearl of the north, York, for

00:22:57

several centuries, the town was the most

00:22:59

important after

00:23:11

London, the beginning of the glorious history of York

00:23:14

was laid by the Romans in this first year

00:23:17

of our era, they founded

00:23:21

the capital of their Northern province here.

00:23:33

in the local

00:23:36

dialect

00:23:38

MLS today this street is considered the most

00:23:41

prestigious place in the city in the past you

00:23:44

could buy meat and

00:23:45

smoked meat here today exclusive products

00:23:49

and expensive

00:23:55

[music]

00:23:57

souvenirs

00:23:58

[music]

00:24:20

York was an important shopping center but in the

00:24:23

industrial era it lost its

00:24:25

importance today as the main source of

00:24:28

income the city is tourism every day

00:24:31

thousands of visitors pass through the picturesque streets

00:24:59

[music]

00:25:09

York Cathedral the

00:25:11

largest Gothic temple in Northern

00:25:13

Europe the first stone on the site of the former

00:25:16

wooden chapel was laid in

00:25:19

1080 by the Archbishop of York Thomas Baye

00:25:23

from 1220 to 1470 the temple was expanded

00:25:28

modern

00:25:30

borders one of the best examples of

00:25:33

Gothic architecture The Central

00:25:35

Bell Tower at the intersection of four

00:25:37

naves reaches a height of 80 m the cathedral

00:25:42

is decorated with 128 stained glass windows especially for them

00:25:45

the glass was painted with oxide metals in

00:25:48

the manufacture of stained glass Rosetta decorates the

00:25:52

southern wing of

00:25:57

the temple

00:26:03

and these are the five sisters a huge stained glass window of

00:26:06

five arched windows each of which

00:26:09

is a masterpiece of stained glass craftsmanship.

00:26:12

And the whole ensemble undoubtedly

00:26:14

represents a true work of art.

00:26:17

Rosetta captured the marriage of

00:26:19

Henry VI and Elizabeth

00:26:22

of York; their marriage will complete the

00:26:27

stand between the family of Lancasters with a

00:26:30

red rose in the coat of arms and the family of Yorks,

00:26:33

whose symbol was the White Rose

00:26:36

[music]

00:26:49

[ music]

00:26:57

colors of the English coast of the North

00:27:00

Sea local resorts have been welcoming those wishing to relax for more than a century

00:27:09

[music]

00:27:10

from here

00:27:13

one of the

00:27:15

most famous navigators and

00:27:17

discoverers set off on trips around the world, Captain James Cook. He

00:27:20

was the first who managed to circumnavigate the earth from

00:27:23

west to east, but he contributed to history

00:27:26

first of all as the discoverer of New

00:27:28

Caledonia and the Fiji Islands, his contribution to

00:27:32

the strengthening of the colonial power

00:27:33

of Great Britain is not to be appreciated.

00:27:37

Cook spent his youth here in Whitby. Here he studied

00:27:40

shipcraft. The

00:27:45

whale tie

00:27:47

was the most valuable prey for the sailors of former times, and

00:27:50

large marine mammals

00:27:52

became the main source of income.

00:27:59

The town was also glorified by the

00:28:02

Romanov hero Count Dracula, who allegedly

00:28:05

arrived here from Transylvania in a closed

00:28:07

coffin. During the day he hid in the grave of a woman who

00:28:10

committed suicide and at night he came out

00:28:13

to harass poor

00:28:16

Lucy. Probably the calm rural landscape

00:28:19

visible from the bridge over the river ESC inspired

00:28:22

Bram Stoker to write a classic

00:28:27

horror novel.

00:28:29

Robin Hood's Bay in the south of Whitby

00:28:33

According to legend, the Robber of Sherwood

00:28:35

hid boats here, the indigenous inhabitants of

00:28:38

the Town seem to be skeptical about these

00:28:39

stories and call the bay

00:28:42

in their own way Bay

00:28:54

Town let's return inland the

00:28:57

county is one of the

00:28:59

favorite holiday destinations of the British tourists are

00:29:02

attracted by the picturesque villages and

00:29:05

heather stretching among the hills

00:29:07

fields for lovers of hiking there are

00:29:10

dozens of excellent routes from

00:29:13

walking to

00:29:17

[music]

00:29:21

[applause]

00:29:22

[music]

00:29:27

mountaineering

00:29:35

[music]

00:29:41

[music]

00:29:44

forest-covered hills and valleys with

00:29:47

picturesque reservoirs - this is the Lake

00:29:51

[music]

00:29:57

region

00:29:58

[music]

00:30:15

wherever you throw it view forests hills and of

00:30:19

course water one and a half dozen large lakes of

00:30:22

glacial origin and dozens of

00:30:24

smaller reservoirs attract

00:30:26

about

00:30:29

15 million tourists a year to the UK national park

00:30:32

the islanders appreciated this wild land in the

00:30:35

early 19th century the first to fall in love with it

00:30:38

were the painters and poets of the

00:30:41

Romantic era the region enchanted William

00:30:44

Wordsworth

00:30:46

Coleridge,

00:30:48

their refined nature encouraged many

00:30:52

Britons, even

00:30:56

inveterate travelers, to travel around their native country.

00:31:00

Thus, poetry and painting laid the foundation for a

00:31:02

new fashion, a fashion for travel that

00:31:05

has survived to this day

00:31:09

[music] the

00:31:37

Kirston Pass can be overcome by

00:31:40

car, but ambitious Travelers

00:31:43

on foot and on bicycles cannot looking for easy

00:31:46

ways 200 hills of the lake district a real

00:31:50

challenge for such

00:31:51

people here are the highest

00:31:54

peaks in England such as the peak at 978 m

00:32:04

[music]

00:32:26

m

00:32:29

[music]

00:33:23

BBC Place is what the locals call

00:33:26

this corner of the Rin Cannon on Lake Winder

00:33:29

is a favorite backdrop for

00:33:31

reporting by the British government

00:33:33

television winder r the largest lake

00:33:36

in England Its length is 17

00:33:56

km

00:34:02

this region has not lost its

00:34:05

idyllic character, which is largely facilitated by

00:34:07

the architecture of the town of Ambleside on the northern

00:34:10

shore of lake winder

00:34:26

world

00:34:41

let's go in search of traces of the Romans in

00:34:44

England in Chester Archaeologists have a lot of

00:34:47

work in the seventy-ninth year The Romans

00:34:50

founded here the fortified camp

00:34:53

serves as a memory of past times,

00:34:55

the amphitheater is the largest building in the

00:34:58

British

00:34:59

Isles, the city behind the wall is what the

00:35:02

townspeople themselves call it, and quite justifiably,

00:35:05

Chester is surrounded by a city wall,

00:35:07

best preserved of all other

00:35:09

fortress walls in England, behind the medieval

00:35:12

masonry, W km long, there are dozens of

00:35:15

monuments

00:35:17

of the past, this clock were placed on the

00:35:20

eastern gate in honor of the

00:35:21

Sixtieth Anniversary of the reign of Queen

00:35:26

Victoria

00:35:31

one of the remarkable

00:35:33

architectural monuments the thousand-year-old

00:35:35

cathedral Romans Vikings Anglo-Saxons

00:35:39

Normans they all left their

00:35:54

mark on Chester decorative

00:35:56

fudge

00:35:58

ev background for

00:36:00

shopping a distinctive feature of these

00:36:02

predecessors of modern shopping

00:36:04

centers the so-called Rose Galleries with

00:36:08

shops on ground floor And covered

00:36:10

verandas on top they look beautiful

00:36:13

but did not arise by chance in the 10th and 10th centuries

00:36:17

after a big fire the top floor was

00:36:20

simply

00:36:25

[applause]

00:36:26

built on

00:36:32

[applause]

00:36:45

and Every breath you reach to the [

00:36:50

applause]

00:36:56

Point

00:36:57

[music]

00:37:03

[applause]

00:37:07

horse racing one of the favorite pastimes of the

00:37:10

British, the main Derby is an event that

00:37:13

is discussed on the

00:37:16

front pages of newspapers for several days and in private

00:37:18

conversations even

00:37:26

longer

00:37:28

[music]

00:37:30

[applause]

00:37:36

[music]

00:37:56

FR

00:37:58

[music]

00:38:05

[applause] [

00:38:11

music] The

00:38:26

picturesque valley of Key Severn The banks

00:38:29

are connected by a mighty Bridge, which is an

00:38:32

architectural monument of world

00:38:34

significance. Iron Bridge, the world's first

00:38:38

cast iron bridge, was built in

00:38:41

1779 by engineer Abraham Derby Tre, so the

00:38:45

grandson of the inventor of coke iron smelting,

00:38:47

Derby Jr., 70 years later,

00:38:50

demonstrated the practical

00:38:51

application of the invention of his

00:38:56

Daedalus. ID became the cradle of the Industrial

00:39:00

Revolution, which changed first

00:39:02

England and then the whole

00:39:08

world in 1800, about 70% of the inhabitants of England

00:39:13

worked in agriculture 100 years

00:39:16

later, farmers made up only 10% of the

00:39:19

population England was then the

00:39:21

richest and most industrialized

00:39:24

country in the world A golden age was

00:39:28

not guaranteed for all the English

00:39:30

high quality of life

00:39:33

Most of the population earned their

00:39:35

daily bread in inhumane conditions

00:39:37

in factories and the money obtained through back-breaking labor was

00:39:40

barely enough to

00:39:53

feed themselves around the Abri open many dreams of

00:39:57

open-air museums dedicated to

00:39:59

Victorian

00:40:04

[music] [

00:40:11

music]

00:40:22

[music]

00:40:26

England

00:40:46

[music]

00:40:56

here is one of the most charming and most

00:40:59

visited towns in England

00:41:01

Welcome to Stratford-upon-

00:41:12

Avon on the outskirts of tourists welcomes the

00:41:15

most famous resident of the city William

00:41:18

Shakespeare the most famous writer of England is

00:41:21

surrounded by his heroes Macbeth and

00:41:26

Hamlet

00:41:32

The whole world theater the motto of the Globe Theater

00:41:36

centuries later The great playwright

00:41:38

remains the king of the stage

00:41:43

Shakespeare gained immortality in Stratford on

00:41:47

Avon, his memory is preserved not only by

00:41:49

museums, but also by the Royal Shakespeare Theater and the

00:41:52

Shakespeare

00:41:56

Center

00:41:57

[applause]

00:42:14

Shakespeare was born on April 23,

00:42:17

1564, in this house. An indisputable

00:42:21

fact of his biography, of which there are few. It is

00:42:24

also known that the writer’s parents were his

00:42:28

father owned a shoemaker’s workshop and

00:42:30

later was even

00:42:32

burgomaster on

00:42:36

Avon Shakespeare died at the age of about

00:42:40

52 at the end of his life he was a respectable and

00:42:43

wealthy man the writer received

00:42:46

generous fees for plays but his profits were also

00:42:48

ensured by shares in the London Globe Theater

00:43:00

in his youth Shakespeare tried his hand

00:43:03

as an actor then devoted himself to literature

00:43:07

he worked with with great energy and

00:43:09

inspiration, usually

00:43:11

two plays a year came out of his pen; the playwright easily

00:43:14

changed the genre; he knew how to write comedies; tragedies

00:43:17

and historical dramas; always accurately

00:43:20

guessed the taste of the

00:43:26

public

00:43:29

[applause]

00:43:47

[applause]

00:43:50

in this city there is a

00:43:53

world-famous university; its graduates are in the business

00:43:56

environment

00:44:10

snapping up we are, of course, talking about Oxford,

00:44:14

which became a university center already

00:44:16

in the 10th

00:44:19

[music]

00:44:23

century, over the course of subsequent eras

00:44:27

the university grew, eventually occupying

00:44:29

almost the entire city center in the Old Town,

00:44:32

erecting new university buildings,

00:44:35

different in style but always elegant,

00:44:39

today teaching is conducted here in 9

00:44:42

colleges Alumni of this

00:44:44

university include at least

00:44:46

half of British prime ministers And a

00:44:48

huge number of politicians improve

00:44:51

your oratory skills at the

00:44:52

legendary debate club one of the

00:44:56

famous

00:44:57

alumni former US President Bill

00:45:20

Clinton what would a university be without books

00:45:25

bod library by the number of books every new

00:45:29

publication in England by law falls on

00:45:32

these shelves; their total length has long

00:45:34

exceeded 100 km; students can

00:45:38

use any of a million books, but

00:45:40

only in the reading

00:45:55

room

00:45:58

[music]

00:46:57

in the Oxford libraries is stored a

00:46:59

rich collection of theological works;

00:47:02

this is explained simply; for

00:47:04

centuries, science was subordinate to the church and

00:47:06

theology was considered the most important from

00:47:09

subjects moreover, until

00:47:13

187, Oxford professors were forced to

00:47:16

observe a vow of celibacy and women

00:47:19

were allowed to receive academic titles

00:47:21

only in 1920

00:47:52

[applause]

00:47:54

between the Thames and Severn rivers stretches the

00:47:57

hilly region of the Cotswolds synonymous with tradition

00:48:00

and English comfort in the minds of the British

00:48:03

in scattered areas in the villages, time

00:48:06

seemed to have slowed down

00:48:24

[music]

00:49:09

[applause]

00:49:12

let's return to the bustle of cities Salisbury is

00:49:15

rightfully considered the most beautiful city in

00:49:17

Southern England, an extraordinary atmosphere reigns in it.

00:49:20

On the one hand, it is an energetic

00:49:23

And modern city, on the other, romantic

00:49:26

and

00:49:27

dreamy even among the Romans. Fort

00:49:34

sorbiogel Salisbury was the capital here diocese,

00:49:38

this status required the construction of a

00:49:40

representative temple and it began in

00:49:43

1220. The

00:49:57

cathedral is a masterpiece of early

00:49:59

English Gothic, the

00:50:02

tallest bell tower in Great Britain rises above it,

00:50:05

123 m

00:50:07

high, the large-scale silhouette of the cathedral expressed the

00:50:10

ambitions of the clergy, which in those days

00:50:13

competed with secular

00:50:25

power

00:50:35

[music]

00:50:47

in the cathedral priceless

00:50:50

monuments of the past are kept in the treasury,

00:50:53

there is one of the four surviving

00:50:55

copies of the Great Charter of Flax, it was

00:50:58

published in 1215 by John the landless

00:51:02

under pressure from dissatisfied with the royal

00:51:04

arbitrariness of the

00:51:07

aristocrats. And this is the oldest

00:51:11

clockwork in England, it was launched in

00:51:14

1386

00:51:16

[music]

00:51:28

[music]

00:51:35

[ applause]

00:51:41

Stonehenge is the most famous

00:51:44

megalithic structure in Europe for many centuries,

00:51:47

this ensemble delights and confuses the minds of not

00:51:50

only researchers of ancient cultures, but

00:51:52

even physicists involved in

00:51:55

statics. Perhaps blocks dug into the

00:51:58

ground only a meter stood for millennia.

00:52:01

Why is the Horseshoe consisting of slabs

00:52:05

still retaining its

00:52:07

shape Was Is the stone circle a temple? If

00:52:11

this is so, what gods were worshiped here,

00:52:14

or maybe Stonehenge is an ancient

00:52:18

observatory, despite the efforts of many

00:52:21

stonehenge researchers, no

00:52:25

answers are known, only that the structure

00:52:28

was erected over 1600 years and the

00:52:31

beginning of construction dates back to 000 BC,

00:52:34

the purpose of the building was before

00:52:39

The location of the stones has not yet been established,

00:52:41

which suggests that the builders had

00:52:43

deep astronomical and

00:52:45

mathematical knowledge on the day of the summer

00:52:47

solstice. One of the stone blocks

00:52:49

casts a shadow exactly in the middle of the Circle.

00:52:52

By the way, on the longest

00:52:54

day of the year, it is experiencing an invasion

00:52:57

of psychics and researchers of the secrets of

00:52:59

the past, they are all trying to independently

00:53:02

reveal the mystery of the stone

00:53:13

[music]

00:53:25

Circle

00:53:27

let's go to the southwest the typical

00:53:30

landscape a checkered pattern of fields and meadows

00:53:33

cut into small plots of land

00:53:38

[music]

00:53:47

[music]

00:53:50

Cornwall the land of the Celts the memory of

00:53:54

them is still alive here

00:54:00

in this exquisite estate

00:54:03

the family has been living for 4 centuries the history of this family

00:54:06

goes back 000 years Today we can

00:54:10

visit the residence for one simple

00:54:12

reason the glorious family was so impoverished

00:54:15

that it was forced to open the doors of its estate to the

00:54:18

public for money, now

00:54:21

everyone can enter the salons of noble

00:54:23

gentlemen at the

00:54:33

[music]

00:55:25

Ich

00:55:29

[music]

00:55:36

along the Corno coast dozens of

00:55:39

cute fishing

00:55:42

trees are scattered, sometimes

00:55:45

modern resorts wedge themselves into the coastal landscape. But even

00:55:48

they cannot disturb the romantic

00:55:50

atmosphere. The extreme

00:55:53

southwestern cape of the Kursk Peninsula is especially impressive,

00:55:56

where nothing protects the stone shore from the

00:55:59

fury of the

00:56:10

ocean. The charm of the peninsula is given not

00:56:13

only by the wild landscapes, but also by the associated

00:56:16

where

00:56:17

legends say the wizard Merlin lived in this cave, a

00:56:20

very significant

00:56:22

character in the myths of King

00:56:25

Arthur,

00:56:38

on the top of the hill there are the ruins of the castle

00:56:41

in which, according to legend, King Arthur was born and

00:56:44

raised, a

00:56:46

lonely fortress open to all winds

00:56:49

could become an ideal scene

00:56:51

for an epic if not for one little thing - a

00:56:54

stronghold built in the century That is,

00:56:57

700 years after the death of the legendary

00:57:20

ruler, perhaps the Legend is too

00:57:23

beautiful to parse it into dry

00:57:25

facts. However, modern mystics believe in the

00:57:28

existence of Arthur and his court

00:57:55

Magician, somewhere not far from the ruins of the castle, a

00:57:58

round table was also buried around

00:58:01

which the Knights gathered of King Arthur,

00:58:04

the most orthodox fans of the Saga

00:58:07

come here every year on the summer

00:58:10

solstice, they say that this is

00:58:12

the only day of the year when the round

00:58:14

table appears from under the Earth, illuminating the

00:58:17

night with a mysterious light, learned historians

00:58:20

perceive the legend of the round table and the

00:58:23

sword Excalibur more skeptically,

00:58:26

there is no written

00:58:27

evidence At least partially

00:58:29

confirming the beautiful

00:58:32

myth, researchers are only ready to admit

00:58:35

that the prototype of King Arthur was

00:59:03

difficult to deny the courage of Captain Drake, the

00:59:06

Spanish Great Armada was already visible

00:59:08

on the horizon when the legendary

00:59:10

navigator declared that before going to

00:59:12

sea he definitely needed to finish the

00:59:14

bowling game, he finished the game and

00:59:18

then left at sea and defeated the Spaniards

00:59:21

the battle took place near Plymouth in

00:59:25

and

00:59:28

about years earlier Drake also left

00:59:31

Plymouth at sea but not to war. And the

00:59:33

attempt to circumnavigate the world

00:59:35

ended successfully upon his return Drake

00:59:39

received a noble title from the queen and

00:59:41

became a national hero although he was known as a

00:59:44

bully and

00:59:55

adventurer,

01:00:13

Plymouth was an important port already in the 10th century,

01:00:17

from here English ships went out to

01:00:19

battle the Hundred Years' War with

01:00:21

France, later

01:00:24

James Cook Robert Falco Scott and

01:00:27

Charles

01:00:41

Darwin set off from Plymouth in 1620, the Mayflower ship set off from Plymouth to the New

01:00:45

World, which

01:00:48

turned out to be a success The flight of

01:00:51

hundreds of named Protestants

01:00:53

Subsequently, the

01:00:55

sectarians explored in England by the pilgrim fathers laid the

01:00:58

foundation for the colonization of North

01:01:15

America. Her Majesty's warship, one hundred

01:01:19

nautical miles east of Plymouth,

01:01:21

is located. The historical naval port of

01:01:23

Portsmouth is home to carefully

01:01:27

restored warships from

01:01:29

different periods of British maritime history. The

01:01:32

battleship warrior was the

01:01:35

first steel-fortified ship of the

01:01:37

British fleet in the X century. century, soon after

01:01:41

launching, it became a threat to the eternal

01:01:43

enemy of Great Britain France Napoleon

01:01:47

III called it a black snake among

01:01:50

rabbits People's pride The

01:01:53

majestic ship Victory is capable of

01:01:56

going to

01:01:58

sea The mighty three-masted ship was

01:02:00

launched in

01:02:02

1765 850 sailors served on board

01:02:06

and among them were superbly trained

01:02:09

gunners the gunner's skill was

01:02:12

a record for those times for the speed of

01:02:14

shots one salvo every one and a half

01:02:17

minutes 40 km of ropes 16,000 MT of sails the

01:02:23

flagship of Great Britain sailed

01:02:25

under the command of Admiral Horatio

01:02:28

Nelson in 1805 under Trafalgar

01:02:32

Nelson led the English navy into

01:02:34

battle against the United forces of Spain and

01:02:36

France thanks skillful tactics and the

01:02:39

force of fire of the ship Victory the battle

01:02:41

ended with a spectacular victory for the British who

01:02:44

confirmed their global superiority

01:02:46

at

01:02:54

sea

01:02:56

[music]

01:03:01

[music]

01:03:07

and this is the restored Mary

01:03:10

Row Island of the flagship of Henry VII in

01:03:14

1545, leaving the port for the war with

01:03:17

France, the ship capsized in front of the

01:03:19

amazed eyes monarch after walking only a

01:03:21

few hundred

01:03:24

meters

01:03:29

Portsmouth is not only the history of naval

01:03:31

battles in the city, there are many other

01:03:34

monuments on the Old Common Road in the house at

01:03:38

number 393 in 1812 one of the

01:03:42

most famous English writers Charles

01:03:45

Deakins was born in his novels he is very

01:03:48

realistic and at the same time with a touch of

01:03:50

fabulous lyricism he described the life of England in the

01:03:53

19th

01:03:54

century

01:03:56

[music]

01:04:21

the writer, although he lived in abundance, pointed out the

01:04:24

injustice of the social

01:04:26

order in which the rich

01:04:28

exploit the poor, defenseless and

01:04:30

deprived of rights.

01:04:38

history and

01:04:41

Oliver

01:04:43

[music]

01:04:52

[music]

01:04:54

Twist

01:04:59

[music]

01:05:24

today is one of the most important

01:05:27

cargo and passenger ports in Southern

01:05:30

England and therefore adjacent to the historical

01:05:32

naval port is such

01:05:34

architectural

01:05:54

futurism the

01:05:59

beach in Brighton is worth coming here even

01:06:02

in bad weather the most famous and

01:06:04

elegant resort in England as always

01:06:15

[applause]

01:06:24

popular the

01:06:30

British aristocracy chose this

01:06:32

vacation spot in the middle of the 15th century,

01:06:36

members of the royal family willingly came here and

01:06:40

Queen Victoria visited here, but

01:06:44

more often than other monarchs,

01:06:46

George IV, famous for his numerous

01:06:49

love affairs, vacationed here. The monarch ordered the

01:06:51

construction of a palace here in which secretly

01:06:53

met with his mistresses and

01:06:56

arranged extravagant

01:06:58

primos; the royal pavilion was built

01:07:00

in an oriental style, which at one

01:07:03

time caused sharp criticism; a box for a

01:07:06

rutabaga hat and four onions, as

01:07:09

one of the monarch’s contemporaries put it about the residence,

01:07:34

but everyone liked the other design;

01:07:36

Brighton Pier; pleasure pier

01:07:39

built in

01:07:40

1899 it goes out into the sea for almost

01:07:43

half a kilometer

01:07:55

[music]

01:08:12

[applause]

01:08:24

and

01:08:26

[music]

01:09:03

Stylish resorts and beaches open in sight;

01:09:14

the most valuable attraction of

01:09:17

these places is nature;

01:09:20

beautiful dazzling white chalk

01:09:22

cliffs grow out of the sea; and inland there are

01:09:25

picturesque forests and

01:09:29

[applause] [music]

01:09:34

[applause]

01:09:40

[music]

01:09:54

meadows

01:09:55

[music]

01:09:57

a walk along the edge of the abyss Chalk gorge

01:10:01

seven sisters near Eastbourne the most

01:10:04

picturesque corner of the south coast of

01:10:07

England a steep meter-long wall has more than once

01:10:11

become a death trap for

01:10:13

unwary

01:10:15

[music]

01:10:20

travelers fifty The lighthouse

01:10:23

allows look into the abyss and here

01:10:26

we will say goodbye to England next The purpose of

01:10:29

our journey

01:10:34

[music]

01:10:44

Wales to the west of the valley of the River Severn

01:10:47

stretches a land that has always

01:10:49

remained in the shadow of Great England, but this

01:10:53

proximity did not prevent the proud inhabitants of

01:10:55

Wales from preserving their Kelish

01:10:57

identity, language and

01:11:01

culture in the capital Cardiff Since

01:11:04

1999, a separate

01:11:10

assembly, independent of London Wales, has been gathering a decision to create its own

01:11:13

parliament, the citizens of Wales made a

01:11:15

referendum, this does not mean that Wales

01:11:18

has separated from Great Britain, it is considered a

01:11:20

member of the United Kingdom and has

01:11:23

representatives in the national parliament, and does

01:11:25

not challenge the power of the British

01:11:28

Queen. Every tenth person lives in Cardiff. Of the

01:11:32

million population of Wales, for a long

01:11:35

time it was a provincial town,

01:11:37

only the construction of the Glamor Gun canal and the

01:11:40

development of the port in the 18th century turned

01:11:42

Cardiff into an important trading center in the

01:11:45

middle of the 10th century. When

01:11:48

coal mining, the main export product of the region, decreased sharply, the

01:11:51

importance of the port decreased, but the

01:11:53

city itself was chosen

01:12:11

[ music]

01:12:17

above the river TAV is the pride of Rozhan, the

01:12:20

ultra-modern Millennium stadium

01:12:23

which can accommodate

01:12:26

Probably this is the most modern

01:12:28

sports arena

01:12:32

[music] in

01:12:39

Britain in the center of the city rises a

01:12:42

beautiful

01:12:50

castle, at first there was a fort

01:12:53

built by the Romans in the year AD,

01:12:56

by the way, it is to the Romans that the city owes

01:12:58

its name cardiff means fortress

01:13:02

[music]

01:13:24

rivers are

01:13:25

the norm that built a real

01:13:34

[music]

01:13:41

[music]

01:13:51

fortress here over the following centuries

01:13:56

and the main reconstruction took place

01:13:59

here only in the

01:14:01

[music]

01:14:09

century the castle was then the property of

01:14:12

a wealthy Marquis who dreamed of a

01:14:14

summer residence reminiscent of a Fairytale

01:14:17

castle, his desire came true eccentric

01:14:20

architect Ulm BRS who received

01:14:23

complete freedom from the client unlimited

01:14:25

budget As you can see, Burgess

01:14:28

coped superbly with the

01:14:54

task

01:14:57

[music]

01:15:07

[music]

01:15:23

H today the banquet hall hosts

01:15:27

official receptions of the highest

01:15:29

level, for example, meetings of heads of state of member states

01:15:35

[music]

01:15:53

of the European Union

01:15:57

[music] ]

01:16:21

[music]

01:16:23

F

01:16:28

on the outskirts of the city in Skansen St. Fens,

01:16:31

tourists can get acquainted with the history of

01:16:36

Wales This is how the Celts lived 2000 years

01:16:43

ago, cockfights popular in the 10th century took place here,

01:16:49

the belief says that the red color

01:16:52

scares away demons, this looked like a typical

01:16:55

peasant house, built in

01:16:59

1610 as and all the buildings in St Fens the house was

01:17:02

moved piece by piece from its original site and

01:17:05

carefully rebuilt

01:17:08

these houses were inhabited by miners the building was

01:17:12

about 200 years old but the interiors were arranged

01:17:14

to demonstrate the

01:17:16

living conditions of several different

01:17:23

generations

01:17:28

[music]

01:17:33

for centuries the most important place in the

01:17:35

Welsh village was the

01:17:53

blacksmith shop

01:17:58

It is better to study the history of your native country in an

01:18:00

authentic setting, lectures in the museum

01:18:03

are read in Welsh

01:18:36

[music]

01:18:43

[applause] The

01:18:51

Welsh character is visible and the

01:18:54

edges of Wales are a bilingual country, the World Cup is

01:18:58

evidenced by signs on

01:19:00

the roads and a picture of rural

01:19:04

south Wales is shared; this country delights with

01:19:07

the diversity of landscapes here and mountain

01:19:10

peaks and dense forests and a picturesque

01:19:13

coastline and at every step monuments of the

01:19:17

past, the town of Tenby on the coast became

01:19:20

a resort already in the 10th century, but for it it

01:19:25

became after the advent of the railway in

01:19:27

the middle of the last century, here the almost

01:19:30

Mediterranean vegetation of these

01:19:32

shores reaches the warm

01:19:34

North Atlantic

01:19:47

[music ]

01:19:53

flow

01:19:56

[music]

01:20:08

[applause]

01:20:10

[music]

01:20:11

[applause]

01:20:12

[music]

01:20:13

[applause]

01:20:16

[music]

01:20:18

[applause]

01:20:19

[music]

01:20:20

[applause]

01:20:23

R

01:20:26

[music]

01:20:36

[music]

01:20:50

[applause]

01:20:53

K

01:20:57

[music]

01:21:09

[applause]

01:21:16

virgins the landscapes of Wales can be

01:21:19

admired in different ways

01:21:28

[music]

01:21:31

Full speed ahead,

01:21:34

several historical railway

01:21:36

lines pass through Wales, one of the oldest

01:21:46

narrow gauge railway lines for the transport of

01:21:48

minerals and then turned into a

01:21:50

passenger line after 8 years of

01:21:53

operation, the demand for coal fell sharply, it

01:21:56

seemed to everyone that the railway had squeezed out

01:22:16

[ applause]

01:22:23

their own

01:22:25

in 1950, enthusiasts founded a

01:22:28

community with the goal of saving this

01:22:31

and several similar railways,

01:22:33

thanks to them Talilin was not dismantled

01:22:36

and today the historical

01:22:38

landmark easily pays for its

01:22:53

maintenance

01:23:18

[music] a

01:23:24

typical picture for the west coast

01:23:27

green meadows mixed with rocks And

01:23:30

many kilometers of

01:23:31

beaches time from time to time A

01:23:33

cozy

01:23:45

[music]

01:23:53

town appears on the horizon

01:23:57

[music]

01:24:02

[applause]

01:24:09

[music]

01:24:14

high above Trema Dong Bay the

01:24:16

castle rises

01:24:18

[music]

01:24:23

Harlequin

01:24:24

castle was supposed to scare off all sorts of

01:24:27

overseas

01:24:30

aggressors meme below on the Dunes you can

01:24:34

see how golf is played in the homeland

01:24:36

of this

01:24:37

[music]

01:24:43

[music]

01:24:45

games The national sport of the Scots and the

01:24:48

people of Wales is very

01:24:50

popular in many countries in Wales

01:24:53

there are more than 200 golf courses

01:24:55

and

01:25:03

[music]

01:25:12

[music]

01:25:22

Harlequin

01:25:24

at the foot of the highest mountain

01:25:26

range in Wales is located Beth Gelert

01:25:38

fabulous Mountain Village nothing

01:25:41

surprising that it attracts not

01:25:43

only tourists but also great directors

01:25:46

Ingmar Bergman and Steven Spielberg filmed here

01:25:57

[music]

01:26:08

[music]

01:26:23

2

01:26:25

[music]

01:26:48

Mount Snowdon 1085 m above sea level

01:26:52

the highest peak in the

01:26:56

country Wales is not without reason known as the land of

01:26:59

fortresses the gigantic castle Kerner von

01:27:02

was built according to the plan of King Edward

01:27:05

I, the fortress is part of the so-

01:27:08

called iron ring; it

01:27:11

includes eight fortifications, thanks

01:27:13

to which the English ruler successfully

01:27:15

controlled the movement of the inhabitants of Wales and,

01:27:18

if necessary, could suppress

01:27:20

any

01:27:23

red dragon. For

01:27:26

many centuries, England did not want to submit to a

01:27:28

treaty to join a

01:27:31

stronger to its neighbor was signed only in the 15th

01:27:34

century After many years of uprisings and

01:27:36

border

01:27:44

[music]

01:27:50

[music]

01:27:53

conflicts

01:27:58

[music] the

01:28:08

town of Conwy is a pearl of

01:28:10

medieval architecture it is surrounded by

01:28:13

superbly preserved city

01:28:15

walls with one tower and three

01:28:18

city

01:28:23

gates thought a small curious

01:28:25

detail the smallest house in

01:28:28

Great Britain 3 m long, almost 2 m

01:28:31

wide and 2.5 m high,

01:28:35

a fisherman acquired such a dwelling at the beginning of the 10th

01:28:53

century [

01:29:00

music]

01:29:07

[music]

01:29:11

in the beautifully restored

01:29:13

city center, tourists can enjoy the

01:29:15

architectural masterpieces of several

01:29:19

eras of EBR Conwy House was built

01:29:23

by a

01:29:24

wealthy

01:29:25

[music]

01:29:28

merchant The Great Court of the 15th century is one of the

01:29:33

best preserved buildings from the era of Queen Elizabeth in

01:29:37

[music]

01:29:47

[music]

01:29:53

the country

01:29:54

[music]

01:29:57

and this is an impressive city wall in

01:30:00

the past an insurmountable barrier And in the

01:30:02

present an excellent place for a

01:30:07

promenade huge building in the panorama of

01:30:09

Conwy, a castle with eight round towers

01:30:12

is another surviving fortress from the

01:30:15

famous Iron Ring of King

01:30:18

Edward, created by Naye, who

01:30:21

was considered the builder of

01:30:24

fortifications in the 10th century, the castle was

01:30:28

built in a record time of 5 years and the

01:30:30

construction was carried out by over a thousand

01:30:36

[applause]

01:30:41

workers in such sport gives

01:30:44

double pleasure especially if it is the

01:30:47

national sport of Wales

01:30:52

bowling

01:30:55

[music]

01:31:08

on the river Conwy amazingly rich

01:31:12

[music]

01:31:22

movement And this is Landana a wonderful resort

01:31:26

on the

01:31:36

[music]

01:31:49

coast there are no monuments of

01:31:51

medieval architecture but like nowhere else

01:31:54

you can feel the atmosphere of Victorian

01:31:56

elegance that is what attracted

01:31:59

European aristocracy came here, creating

01:32:01

competition for recognized English

01:32:03

resorts. Bismarck and Napoleon vacationed in Landana.

01:32:06

It is not surprising that with such

01:32:09

clients, the local shops were considered

01:32:11

the most expensive in the whole country after

01:32:14

London

01:32:18

[music]

01:32:22

of course

01:32:30

[music]

01:32:37

during the tourist season the boulevard

01:32:39

turns into an open-air gallery

01:32:43

[applause]

01:32:46

[music] [applause]

01:32:52

sky

01:32:59

today The Welsh resort has lost its

01:33:02

elite status, prices have dropped and

01:33:07

representatives of the middle class can afford a holiday in Landana. But one thing

01:33:09

here has remained unchanged - an exceptional

01:33:22

holiday experience is that

01:33:25

Lewis Carol, the author of Alice in Wonderland, was a frequent guest here.

01:33:43

a journey through England and Wales is

01:33:47

coming to an end, modern Great

01:33:49

Britain easily combines

01:33:51

attachment to historical heritage with the

01:33:53

life of a modern state. After all, it is

01:33:56

thanks to past achievements that

01:33:58

the country remains a politically,

01:34:00

economically and culturally developed

01:34:03

power today. The British value traditions.

01:34:06

Their attachment to the pound and

01:34:09

driving on the left is well known. Many of They do not

01:34:12

hide their skepticism

01:34:14

towards the European Union and its attempts to

01:34:16

spread its influence. The opening of the

01:34:18

tunnel under Laman, which never became a

01:34:20

symbol of unification with Continental

01:34:23

Europe. However,

01:34:25

the British perceive their national stubbornness with

01:34:27

typical English humor. Winston

01:34:30

Churchill defined the mentality of the islanders

01:34:33

as follows: Laman is completely It’s not the

01:34:36

waterway that’s the border of our

01:34:39

national

01:34:42

[music]

01:34:52

worldview,

01:35:03

it’s

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