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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
[music]00:00:09
Hello everyone, I'm very happy to see00:00:12
so many people in the hall today I would like00:00:15
I wanted to take advantage of the opportunity00:00:17
live performance and so that my00:00:20
the lecture was not in the format that I read00:00:23
some text on a black screen but still00:00:27
interactive format Therefore, although she00:00:30
was announced as a lecture I hope that00:00:32
I'll talk for a while, then I'll talk for a while00:00:35
time we'll talk together My name is00:00:38
Alexey Safronov I have two degrees00:00:40
I am an economist historian and I work at the intersection00:00:45
these two disciplines because quite00:00:47
I have been interested in economic history for a long time00:00:49
The Soviet Union, more precisely, history00:00:52
economics because they are not the same thing00:00:57
She attracts me not on her own00:01:01
in this sense I'm probably not real00:01:03
scientist because scientists usually00:01:05
attracted simply by beauty00:01:08
subject of study A00:01:11
This question occupies me completely00:01:14
practical reasons because00:01:17
I share00:01:20
socialist ideals and I understand that00:01:23
if we are talking about 2023 now00:01:27
Socialism is about some changes in00:01:30
society then quickly enough any00:01:33
talk00:01:34
slides into what was Soviet00:01:36
They tried the union there and it seems like something00:01:39
went wrong and so until00:01:43
the experience of the Soviet Union will not00:01:45
analyzed and revised And until then00:01:48
until we can learn00:01:50
it's okay to answer the question00:01:53
what went wrong in the Soviet Union00:01:55
Why communism was not built after all?00:01:58
the most important thing is why we know what00:02:00
next time it will be better probably ours00:02:04
agitation Propaganda will stall00:02:06
so I call you00:02:10
don't treat this at all00:02:13
somehow abstract00:02:16
and by thinking there or in some way we serve00:02:19
let's spend some time with our hobbies and see for all this00:02:23
the stories are practically understandable00:02:24
meaning because as I understand it it’s big00:02:27
part of the hall represents people00:02:31
who are either actively interested there00:02:36
questions00:02:37
political economy of socialism or how00:02:39
at least sympathetic but generally not00:02:40
completely strangers I think that the conversations00:02:43
in style why are you doing this00:02:45
The Soviet Union collapsed and what do you think00:02:50
we still need evidence, I think they had00:02:52
each of you when I tried00:02:55
reconstruct Soviet economic00:02:58
reforms by period starting from the 20s00:03:00
and there, until 70-80, I began to reach00:03:05
some generalizations by these generalizations I00:03:08
I would like to share with you today00:03:09
Because if you don’t go into details00:03:13
Soviet economic reforms00:03:16
that you can imagine them all as your own00:03:20
a kind of swing between centralization and00:03:23
decentralization and this pendulum is00:03:26
certainly attracts attention because00:03:29
you see that apparently there were some00:03:33
problems in increasing centralization and00:03:36
increasing decentralization of such swings00:03:39
I say we had a war period00:03:42
communism when Ray expressed high00:03:45
degree of centralization After it00:03:47
the period of NEP came, which was expressed00:03:50
relative00:03:52
decentralization is growth00:03:55
independence of enterprises and00:03:57
assumptions00:03:59
market elements into the economy then00:04:02
we had a period of accelerated00:04:04
industrialization especially the first00:04:06
Five-year plan When ours increased again00:04:08
level of centralization AND share of decisions00:04:11
which are accepted at the center but already with00:04:14
end of the first five year plan00:04:16
the degree of this centralism is a little with00:04:19
it is born and the Second Five-Year Plan is00:04:22
some historians who even00:04:24
they call it such a Stalinist neop00:04:27
of course such a biting term but00:04:29
reflects00:04:31
some relaxations in the second00:04:33
The Five Year Plan was then made military00:04:36
the economy is a very interesting period with00:04:40
the highest centralization in the Upper00:04:43
control level when saving00:04:45
operational independence below00:04:47
partly there is no good life because00:04:50
sometimes there was simply no connection partly00:04:54
reasons why00:04:55
it was necessary to quickly reconfigure us00:04:58
production and00:05:00
people on the ground dealt with it better00:05:03
than if they were waiting for instructions from high00:05:07
the level of centralism was maintained throughout00:05:10
the fourth five-year plan in connection with which00:05:12
managed to quickly restore the economy and00:05:15
create a whole new industry00:05:17
industry but first of all00:05:19
of course it is00:05:20
Missile industry nuclear and radar00:05:24
That is, what was needed to00:05:26
protect yourself from the threat of the Third World War00:05:30
Stalin's death begins a landslide00:05:31
decentralization is very sharp very00:05:34
deep with transfer of all powers00:05:37
down the chain that is to the right00:05:40
directors, the rights of ministers are expanded00:05:42
the rights of directors are expanded00:05:45
rights of shop supervisors That is, this00:05:47
such a shift down all levels00:05:51
management00:05:52
reaching its climax in Khrushchev's anesthesia00:05:56
but literally after a couple of years of working with00:05:59
anesthesia they are beginning to be enlarged and00:06:01
adjust over them again00:06:04
centralized management levels00:06:06
right up to the creation of the All-Union00:06:08
samonarkhoz in 60, in my opinion, the third year00:06:12
and when Khrushchev is removed it turns out that00:06:16
the system has already become00:06:18
fairly centralized00:06:21
The ministry is being restored00:06:23
simultaneously with the Kosygin reform00:06:24
which is again trying to cheat00:06:26
separation sterilization at the top in the form00:06:29
ministries and relative increase00:06:33
independence at the enterprise level00:06:36
tangential reform raises a number of problems00:06:40
and contradictions and all the 70s pass00:06:43
such a creeping sign under the sign00:06:45
recentralization which reaches its climax00:06:48
conditionally there in '79 with acceptance00:06:52
becoming 695 about improvement00:06:55
economic mechanism00:06:57
after which the next wave comes00:07:00
again the swing in the other direction again00:07:02
decentralization is like this at first00:07:05
called wide-scale00:07:06
economic experiment announced 8300:07:09
year from January 1, 84 but only then00:07:13
Perestroika that is ending00:07:15
the collapse of the country and it is clear that00:07:19
when you look around at everything here00:07:24
this big period these00:07:25
economic reforms then arise00:07:28
question: Why was this so and it is clear that00:07:32
both of these poles of centralization00:07:35
decentralization00:07:36
there were advantages and costs if we00:07:39
talking about centralization, its costs00:07:43
places are just growing00:07:45
bureaucracy, growth of clumsiness, here00:07:49
this vertically integrated system00:07:50
and growth without the initiative of performers00:07:53
which on the one hand are better approximated00:07:56
to real life00:07:57
understand better what can be improved there in00:08:00
production but at the same time they understand that well00:08:03
why should you be active?00:08:06
until the authorities gave the go-ahead00:08:09
get active00:08:11
this caused over and over again attempts to give00:08:14
lower levels of management more00:08:16
powers But that's how I tried now00:08:19
to indicate over and over again others came out00:08:23
side effects And the pendulum swung in00:08:26
the other side and the main one of these00:08:29
side effects were as soon as00:08:33
lower levels of management received00:08:35
people were more independent00:08:38
who began to become independent00:08:40
use ivante public00:08:41
interests00:08:43
that is, over and over again the Soviet economy00:08:46
got into a conflict which00:08:50
modern economic theory00:08:51
they call the pologent principle it is characteristic00:08:53
for any large corporations and associated B00:08:57
in general with the fact that the lower levels00:09:00
management they have some goals of their own00:09:02
and tasks and, if possible, they pursue00:09:04
them and not the goals and objectives of the company there00:09:07
in general And if we are talking about the Soviet00:09:11
Union I remember that Socialism In00:09:15
economically there is a single factory here00:09:16
then this is a single factory observed00:09:19
similar phenomenon when00:09:21
the lower levels they started00:09:24
maximize some of your00:09:26
benefits without really looking at what00:09:31
this means for the economy as a whole00:09:34
and then I guess I’ll ask00:09:38
if among you there are caricature lovers00:09:40
magazine crocodile00:09:43
That is, are you familiar with this wonderful00:09:46
magazine there, did you fall into the network00:09:48
some cartoons or maybe you00:09:51
There are people who00:09:53
fans of Soviet films from the 70s00:09:55
years because the seventies in00:09:58
Soviet cinema is the flowering of the genre00:10:00
production drama and here's the standard00:10:04
production drama film plot00:10:06
is that there is some00:10:09
the enterprise team is some kind of00:10:11
muddy schematosis that will allow this00:10:14
enterprise to earn money there00:10:16
bonus makes it easier to fulfill the plan00:10:20
But since this is not quite the same00:10:24
they have dishonest market agents00:10:28
there is a conflict between what they00:10:29
understand that they have a chance to make money00:10:32
and wherein00:10:34
worsen the life of Soviet society or00:10:37
there are buyers of products but make money00:10:40
I still want to And this is the general one00:10:42
common such frame of all Soviet00:10:44
production dramas when people have00:10:47
understanding how it should be00:10:48
in a good way and they have economic00:10:51
interest that pushes exactly00:10:54
the opposite side that is here00:10:56
Probably the brightest, most talented00:10:59
this is it00:11:01
and the film award with Leonov, I think many00:11:05
watched it00:11:06
I said that I want to be interactive00:11:08
interactive Not yet, tell me who watched it00:11:10
movie award excellent crawled watched00:11:13
great movie for the second half of the hall00:11:15
I recommend00:11:17
but there was a lot there, there is also the film The Key00:11:20
wonderful in which the plot is that00:11:24
there at some Komsomol construction site00:11:26
Komsomol members were promised a key to the apartment00:11:29
if they get married they got married and the house00:11:32
not completed and it means the chairman is there00:11:36
The Komsomol Committee says that Well00:11:38
So I can’t give him the key to the apartment00:11:40
So here's the key to the buildings for now:00:11:43
office of our Komsomolsky00:11:45
committee they say Well, since you are like that00:11:48
bad then we will live in yours00:11:49
committee office while you are not home to us00:11:52
complete the construction and00:11:55
in the crocodile magazine there is great stuff00:11:59
many paintings about the delivery of objects from00:12:02
imperfections and about attempts there somehow00:12:05
get the chairman of the selection committee drunk00:12:07
so that he accepts the house with defects or00:12:10
there is a factory there with imperfections00:12:12
But if from a level like this00:12:15
humorous rise this level well00:12:18
some theoretical generalizations then this00:12:21
means that inside the Soviet economy00:12:26
Soviet state enterprises with00:12:29
which are all kind of in00:12:32
public property there almost with00:12:34
17 years old though00:12:37
don't focus on end results00:12:40
there00:12:42
completed house completed factory00:12:45
certain consumer products that00:12:47
there they reached the end consumers00:12:50
focus on intermediate00:12:51
results because they get00:12:54
reward not for the end result00:12:57
And for the intermediate result and here00:13:01
I put a semicolon and we00:13:04
we are moving into the theoretical wilds because00:13:08
that the theme of us is still declared as a commodity00:13:10
production and its possibility00:13:12
overcome and I understand that you are all here00:13:16
people are savvy problem The problem is00:13:18
What00:13:19
the question of commodity production and its role00:13:22
there is socialism and ways00:13:27
The law of value does not apply to us00:13:29
works when they go like this00:13:31
favorite question of Soviet political scientists00:13:33
they wrote about this great variety00:13:36
books Some of which are read before00:13:38
still and00:13:40
often they had these disputes there00:13:44
just different understandings that this is Ivan00:13:46
Ivanovich understands by commodity00:13:48
production is not the same as Ivan00:13:50
Petrovich and so they argue stubbornly That’s why00:13:52
me now00:13:54
spoke some basics00:13:57
the theory of value there is Marxian not because00:14:02
that I have a suspicion that you are not them00:14:04
you know, because so that we continue00:14:07
roughly the same things meant00:14:11
under the same words00:14:13
and I'll start with the title itself00:14:17
topics because it already raises questions00:14:19
because they actually say marketability00:14:23
originally it was just00:14:24
statistical category00:14:26
which was used to00:14:29
reflect in statistics what share00:14:32
products reach the market That is, if00:14:35
we have some village in this00:14:37
the village grew a hundred pounds of flour00:14:40
one hundred pounds of grain was then processed there into00:14:44
flour and here they are from these hundred pounds of grain00:14:47
70 were eaten by this village itself and 3000:14:50
they took the goods to the fair00:14:53
grain production in this village 3000:14:56
percent, that is, initially marketability00:14:58
in Soviet books this is statistical00:15:01
category that reflects what share00:15:04
product is put on the market because00:15:07
we remember that the product is a product00:15:10
produced for sale and00:15:13
change which usually occurs in the form00:15:15
sales and00:15:17
[music]00:15:18
the manufacturer does not care about consumer00:15:21
price00:15:22
this product is important to him the ability00:15:26
these products be exchanged therefore00:15:29
for him this is intermediate00:15:32
the result of the opportunity to exchange for something00:15:34
what he really needs, that is, either00:15:36
for another product or for money She is for00:15:39
it is more important than consumer00:15:41
properties of a thing and here we are00:15:43
back to my semicolon00:15:46
when I brought your attention to00:15:48
Soviet builders for whom it is a fact00:15:51
delivery of a house is more important than whether it is possible in00:15:54
live in this house00:15:56
and a little later the word marketability in those00:16:00
the same Soviet books became00:16:02
I got a second one00:16:04
meaning as a synonym for commodity00:16:06
production and began to talk about00:16:10
marketability not of any particular00:16:11
product like in my example what is there00:16:14
marketability of flour in some village 3000:16:16
percent or there is the marketability of grain and00:16:19
the level of marketability of our production in00:16:22
in general, that is, to what extent is our00:16:25
production is focused on00:16:27
exchanges or there To what extent our00:16:30
production00:16:31
[music]00:16:33
obeys the laws of commodity00:16:36
production so when I talk about00:16:38
overcoming marketability I certainly say00:16:39
not from the statistical category because00:16:42
that's just00:16:43
statistical indicators are not needed00:16:45
overcome And just about the question00:16:48
[music]00:16:51
as seen in the Soviet Union00:16:57
what what was the Soviet economic00:16:59
system from the point of view of the extent to which00:17:02
these laws were in effect in it00:17:04
commodity production and what can be00:17:08
find ways to overcome these laws00:17:11
commodity production00:17:13
again, I change in advance for the fact that00:17:16
maybe I’ll say something completely00:17:18
simple things00:17:20
but still let me remind you that it’s commercial00:17:24
production is not only bad good Or00:17:27
there is not only good but also bad She00:17:29
exists for thousands of years in all00:17:30
antagonistic formations and the main00:17:37
his main social role00:17:39
is that in the process00:17:42
market exchange00:17:44
individual labor costs00:17:46
producers receive public00:17:48
recognition if the exchange was successful00:17:50
or do not receive public recognition00:17:53
if it was not possible to produce of course00:17:56
this is not a one-time event, that is, everyone00:17:58
an individual seller can sell his00:18:02
product00:18:03
more or less than the market average00:18:07
price but the theory of value is in general00:18:10
works with certain mass quantities00:18:13
Therefore if we take00:18:15
market exchange as a kind of mass00:18:17
the phenomenon of a unified product there00:18:19
Because if we are talking about some00:18:23
masterpieces of painting then act there00:18:24
other pricing laws00:18:27
because these are masterpieces of painting but if00:18:30
we're talking about mass mass00:18:32
production unified then there00:18:35
[music]00:18:37
they reflect the level00:18:39
socially necessary labor costs and00:18:43
concept of value which is Central00:18:46
for this whole theory it is not synonymous with price00:18:49
this is not the number that is written on the price tag00:18:53
and the cost is kind00:18:55
Social relations00:18:58
recognition of your individual costs00:19:00
labor the public necessary and00:19:03
If00:19:05
we have00:19:07
conditionally there I don’t know the ax is exchanged00:19:11
for three loaves of bread that means00:19:17
the market decided that society is necessary00:19:20
from Internet labor to the production of one00:19:21
axes are approximately equal to societies necessary00:19:24
labor costs for baking three bodons00:19:28
of bread00:19:29
if the choice was made long and hard there00:19:33
polished it00:19:36
they offered you for it anyway00:19:39
three loaves of bread, that just means00:19:43
that the market has not appreciated your individual00:19:46
costs More precisely, he equated large00:19:49
individual labor to small00:19:51
the number of societies of necessary labor and00:19:54
the law of value just at the beginning of the century00:19:59
was called00:20:03
I'll take a look now00:20:07
law of equality00:20:10
labor costs in my opinion was called00:20:13
law of proportionality of labor costs00:20:16
law of proportionality of labor costs00:20:19
title Longer but bigger00:20:22
reflecting the essence because I sometimes00:20:25
I notice that some terms like law00:20:27
cost they are used as such00:20:30
families are hitting balls against the wall like this00:20:33
Briskly ringing what it is is not very clear00:20:37
It seems to me that when the law of value00:20:40
called the law of proportional00:20:41
labor costs are somehow more understandable00:20:45
what are we talking about and00:20:48
if any individual manufacturer00:20:51
reduces your individual costs00:20:54
labor is in progress for some time00:20:57
exchange receives additional benefits00:20:59
Because its reduced labor costs00:21:02
are still equal to the average and he00:21:06
on for its relatively reduced00:21:10
the volume of labor receives the same amount of benefits as00:21:13
and everyone else, well, that is, getting richer And00:21:16
it also serves as the engine of technical00:21:19
progress and engine regulator00:21:22
production of capital transfers from00:21:24
industry industry because excess income from00:21:27
this inventor are preserved until00:21:29
for now00:21:32
his novelty will not spread throughout00:21:34
industry00:21:35
and here the duality appears00:21:39
this action00:21:41
laws of value and mechanisms of commodity00:21:45
production because each individual00:21:48
he doesn't have the manufacturer's product at all00:21:51
increase tasks00:21:54
level00:21:56
technological culture developed00:21:59
new technical progress00:22:01
but just And in general he would be glad00:22:04
exchange your products not for00:22:07
cost and more expensive But just in the situation00:22:11
there is conditional free competition00:22:14
I just can't do it because00:22:16
what are other manufacturers and if it00:22:19
raises the price, they simply won’t buy from him and00:22:24
here I'll leave the second semicolon in00:22:26
our reasoning because we are catching here00:22:30
this duality that we have00:22:33
commodity production is commodity production00:22:36
production of separate manufacturers00:22:39
for the purpose of exchange00:22:42
one point and in the situation there are free00:22:47
market economy00:22:49
without competition restrictions this exchange00:22:52
the law of value passes through value00:22:55
is a production regulator Well00:22:58
generally speaking, this is commodity production00:23:00
and the actions of the law of value are not00:23:05
identical things can be imagined00:23:07
itself an economic system in which00:23:10
commodity production is the law00:23:12
price valid00:23:14
in a limited way and we are such systems00:23:19
we all know we love we practice we observe00:23:22
because the most famous example is00:23:26
various kinds of monopolies that receive00:23:29
ability to influence price and monopoly00:23:32
long-term prices deviate from00:23:34
costs in a very simple way00:23:37
monopolies simply do not allow competitors in00:23:39
and prevents in various ways00:23:43
capital flow from the industry00:23:45
monopolies benefit from this and society00:23:48
generally loses because they are forced to00:23:51
pay for monopoly products00:23:55
Well, how can we exchange it for the volume of goods?00:23:57
which put in more work00:23:59
public than Monopoly spent on00:24:03
production of its products00:24:05
the same thing is observed in the colonies when00:24:10
the colonial power simply won't let you in00:24:12
products of other countries for colonial00:24:16
market And exactly the same has the opportunity00:24:19
long-term deviation of prices from value00:24:21
and this kind of phenomenon served00:24:26
the reason is that when Lenin wrote00:24:30
work about imperialism he is there Analyzing00:24:33
the phenomenon of monopolization wrote that00:24:36
commodity production is being disrupted00:24:40
and in another work dedicated to work00:24:44
capitalists for state orders00:24:46
written after the February00:24:49
he was also clearly looking for some kind of revolution00:24:54
The new term wrote that when00:24:58
private contractor receives00:25:00
government order is no longer quite00:25:02
commodity production because there is no00:25:04
this free market00:25:06
the state customer is definitely in advance00:25:09
and most importantly this customer in advance00:25:13
already said what price he agrees to00:25:15
pay that is, you gradually00:25:18
this element goes away00:25:20
public market checks00:25:23
the need for your expenses00:25:25
you maintain your orientation00:25:28
manufacturers for private appropriation but00:25:31
Moreover, the law of value which should00:25:34
This greed must somehow be restrained00:25:39
starts to act worse and worse more accurately00:25:41
begins to operate limitedly and now00:25:46
let's get back to our main topic and00:25:48
let's try from this angle00:25:52
look at some phenomena in00:25:56
Soviet economy late Soviet00:25:58
economy00:26:01
I hope you can see some graphs00:26:05
I tried to keep the slide small but00:26:08
I finally decided on some things00:26:10
to illustrate all this is not some00:26:13
there are alternative sources for the CIA00:26:16
information from Soviet books of different years00:26:20
who also tried to comprehend the processes00:26:23
slowdown of the Soviet economy and now00:26:27
here are the growth volumes of different00:26:31
types of products for 17 years 6100:26:35
to '8700:26:37
That is, just before the start00:26:40
transition to the market during the period of perestroika and00:26:46
we see that, for example, we have production00:26:49
grain and milk in kind grew into one00:26:52
whole seven tenths times the production00:26:54
sugar in kind, that is, it has increased in tones00:26:56
2.5 times meat production 2.1700:27:01
steel production almost doubled00:27:04
half the cement production in00:27:07
three times but at the same time monetary indicators00:27:10
gross social product and00:27:12
national income increased gross00:27:15
social product almost five times00:27:17
national income more than 4 times00:27:20
that is, we record that we are growing00:27:24
production volumes in natural00:27:26
indicators over a fairly long period00:27:29
lagged behind growth over time00:27:32
production volumes in money00:27:34
the same idea illustrated00:27:37
a little differently00:27:38
Here00:27:40
production of individual00:27:42
types of products per 1 million00:27:45
rubles of national income and I don't even00:27:48
began to sign specific meanings00:27:51
because you00:27:52
[music]00:27:53
important for our reasoning00:27:57
the direction of these columns, that is00:27:59
blue bar is '60 orange00:28:03
column 70 gray column 8000:28:07
yellow column 85 and blue 87 and us00:28:13
we see a clear trend that everyone00:28:17
next year we have 1 million rubles00:28:20
national income contained less and less00:28:23
products in physical units00:28:27
that is, we understand that in Soviet00:28:30
The Soviet economy was going through some00:28:33
hidden inflationary processes00:28:36
but at the same time, if you take the prices for00:28:41
some products that were produced00:28:44
without changes for years they remained00:28:47
practically stable That is, it is not00:28:49
there was inflation in our modern00:28:51
understanding When we have creeping growth00:28:55
prices for everything00:28:58
it was inflation of a slightly different kind00:29:01
when manufacturers tried to raise00:29:06
price for new types of products and basic00:29:10
the mechanism of this inflation was precisely00:29:14
as paradoxical as Mechanism00:29:16
technical progress00:29:18
that is, the new products were better00:29:22
old but it was more expensive00:29:25
again, so as not to be unfounded00:29:28
I have quotes here from the question log00:29:32
economy which00:29:40
Academician Alexey Rumyantsev00:29:48
economics wrote that new technology00:29:55
costs 10 times more than commonly used00:29:58
drilling rigs NKR 100m a00:30:02
its productivity is only00:30:04
twice as high as the new shearer BK-5200:30:09
manufacturer is not old by 23 percent00:30:12
but at the same time 127 percent more expensive00:30:16
In the weaving industry new00:30:19
automatic machine manufacturers00:30:21
guitars by 10 percent but still worth it00:30:25
several times more expensive00:30:27
what does it mean00:30:30
This means that you have the law of value00:30:34
really stops playing a role00:30:36
regulator due to the fact that in the conditional00:30:40
free market economy00:30:41
the machines simply would not have been purchased because00:30:45
that Why buy a new machine that00:30:47
10 times more expensive But at the same time twice00:30:49
manufacturers it will replace only two for you00:30:51
old machine and spend it on it in00:30:54
10 times more00:30:55
The Soviet economy as we see it00:30:58
is far from the only example of such00:31:00
you can find a lot of examples about them00:31:02
actively wrote Soviet press00:31:04
The Soviet economy as we see such00:31:06
machines00:31:08
developed produced and most00:31:11
the main thing is consumed00:31:14
consumer But in this case00:31:17
consumers are not you and me. But if00:31:19
drilling machine that means it's some kind of00:31:21
there's a geologist exploring their parties or00:31:24
there00:31:26
their oil industry00:31:28
consumed Well, that is, industrial00:31:30
consumers and we may wonder00:31:33
why did this happen? But why?00:31:35
consumers consumed Well, where should they go?00:31:38
get away You have a planned system00:31:41
you exist Perhaps this is even possible00:31:43
the only manufacturer of these machines00:31:45
and if he has already switched to new ones00:31:48
expensive machines and you have yours00:31:51
own plan there But in this case00:31:52
for drilling work, then you will drill00:31:56
a machine that costs 10 times more00:31:59
Because so you are your own plan00:32:02
you'll rip it off and you'll just overspend00:32:05
resources00:32:07
but we fix this one again00:32:09
An unpleasant moment about what is probably00:32:13
if the manufacturer of this drilling rig00:32:15
thought about the final effect then he wouldn't00:32:20
started producing such a car but00:32:22
the manufacturer of this machine produced it00:32:24
This means that he has the opportunity00:32:27
earn 10 times on one machine00:32:29
was more important than something like this00:32:32
the machine will then work in Soviet00:32:34
economy and what are the consequences for00:32:38
of the economy as a whole this will have00:32:41
and the consequences for the economy as a whole were00:32:44
enough00:32:46
clear, simple but not very joyful00:32:50
because they are not out of lawlessness00:32:54
raised prices00:32:55
existed at a scythe of state prices00:32:58
pricing committee and first00:33:00
the new price was calculated at the factory There was00:33:04
the estimate department then had to be justified00:33:07
and you have the same procedure00:33:11
market torque between00:33:14
buyer and manufacturer00:33:16
directly on the market00:33:19
moved to the offices of this very00:33:22
state consensus because there was a bargaining between00:33:25
estimators of the manufacturer's plant which00:33:27
proved that a new machine costs 1000:33:31
times more expensive It simply cannot cost00:33:32
less and the state committee who said Well00:33:36
explain why it was necessary for you00:33:38
somehow explain How to explain say00:33:41
what did we use in this new machine?00:33:44
some very expensive materials00:33:46
was spent in its production00:33:48
a lot of work00:33:50
and thus we find ourselves in00:33:53
economic mechanism which00:33:55
does not stimulate an increase in costs00:33:58
decrease and increase because your00:34:01
the price is mainly determined by the method00:34:03
costs plus You have some00:34:05
costs Do you have a full allowance?00:34:07
cost price is your price if you have00:34:10
more costs you have a higher premium and00:34:14
because the00:34:16
prices cannot be justified based on outrages00:34:19
then they justified it, unfortunately, by the main00:34:23
due to increased costs and increased material00:34:25
containers and we find ourselves in a situation like this00:34:29
these sad jokes about what00:34:31
Soviet world calculators are the largest00:34:33
in the world00:34:34
I have a Soviet tape recorder at home00:34:38
weighed it before leaving here. It weighs00:34:42
more than 15 kilograms because that's what it is00:34:45
here's an all-metal fool and hang it00:34:48
this word in which there is a bunch of metal00:34:52
parts pulled out on a machine I understand00:34:54
that apparently not 15 metals were used for it00:34:57
a kilogram is much more and with this00:35:00
approach Of course it was possible to justify00:35:02
that this new tape recorder is very00:35:04
dear because we would of course00:35:06
happy to make it cheap But prices are rising00:35:09
for metal You understand00:35:11
and therefore if you look at the trends00:35:17
cost trends then unfortunately00:35:21
The Soviet economy was becoming increasingly00:35:23
more expensive00:35:24
because this one acted in her00:35:26
extremely unpleasant economic00:35:28
the mechanism that did the winding00:35:31
costs are profitable because the more00:35:34
your products will be expensive00:35:37
the more premium you can00:35:39
justify the larger the volume will be00:35:42
who arrived00:35:44
your enterprise will earn part A00:35:48
profits were allowed to go to00:35:51
incentive funds and from these profits00:35:54
you can pay yourself a bonus00:35:57
and also build kindergartens00:36:00
hospitals and sanatoriums for your workers00:36:03
enterprises, that is, it turns out that00:36:06
rising costs benefit everyone00:36:11
now let's go back to the level here00:36:14
this Harsh economic theory and00:36:16
let's try somehow in these terms00:36:20
marketability of the law of value00:36:23
justify00:36:26
what was it? That is, why is it00:36:29
it worked exactly like that in my opinion00:36:34
it should be said that in the Soviet00:36:37
economy despite plans despite00:36:41
public ownership of funds00:36:43
production00:36:44
remained at least partially00:36:48
private nature of appropriation I remind00:36:51
that this is the main contradiction of the commodity00:36:54
production This is a contradiction between00:36:57
social nature of production00:36:59
products of labor and private nature00:37:02
appropriation of labor products and when we00:37:06
look at these cases, what kind of water is this?00:37:09
it is profitable to produce expensive products00:37:11
he is not interested in how it will come back to haunt him later00:37:14
consumer or00:37:18
It is profitable for builders not to complete the house00:37:22
Because they are not interested in how it is00:37:24
New settlers will live in the house later, that's all00:37:27
stories about rewards for partial00:37:31
the result is more when we look00:37:34
How00:37:35
the price justification process was underway and we see00:37:38
this is the bargaining between00:37:40
[music]00:37:41
plant surveyors and representatives00:37:44
Goskomtsen then we understand that this is accurate00:37:47
the same private nature of appropriation00:37:48
just in a classical market economy00:37:51
the manufacturer is trying to rip off more00:37:54
from the buyer directly at the moment00:37:56
exchange here is an attempt to rip off00:38:00
more was moved to the area00:38:03
approval of standards00:38:05
Because00:38:07
I'm not the first, I'm not the only one who says00:38:10
about this problem and you can often00:38:15
hear00:38:16
suggestion what to do about it What can be done00:38:19
It was just possible to detail the plans00:38:21
there were plans00:38:24
maximum detail there ideally00:38:26
so that every employee goes down00:38:29
specific production task What00:38:32
he needs to do it, I won't do it now00:38:35
talk about the complexity of this system and00:38:37
that there is no room left in it00:38:39
positive initiative positive00:38:42
there was also initiative, of course, but besides00:38:45
this any plans they are based on00:38:48
Some standards require these standards00:38:51
reconsider if you still have it00:38:54
economic interest of enterprises to00:38:57
these standards increased the cost00:39:01
then detailed planning will not save you00:39:04
because in the same way this is this00:39:06
constant increase in costs will already be in00:39:09
planned to be laid in your00:39:12
planned system00:39:14
detailed plans are generally speaking00:39:16
the thing is good and sound, but it must00:39:19
be based on a system of planned00:39:21
standards that00:39:23
stimulate savings in social labor00:39:26
and not oversupply of social labor00:39:29
so before building such a system00:39:31
you need to reconfigure incentives00:39:34
enterprises so that they help00:39:36
you create this planned system and not00:39:39
tried to somehow evade her00:39:42
I'll show you another graph picture00:39:47
Why Because these graphs are in vain00:39:50
drew00:39:51
here we also have two columns00:39:54
the blue bar is the increase in the main00:39:58
funds00:39:59
That is, this building is a construction of a machine00:40:03
equipment00:40:04
the red bar is the increase in output from00:40:07
on the one hand we have industry with00:40:09
on the other hand, agriculture and also00:40:11
Quite a long time series of 15 years00:40:15
seventies 85 and on this graph we00:40:18
we see a growth trend in the capacity fund00:40:23
both industry and agriculture00:40:25
farm00:40:27
in simple words to you in order to00:40:30
increase industrial output by two00:40:32
times you needed to increase the cost00:40:35
fixed assets tripled00:40:37
That is, you cannot. Here you have built00:40:39
she gave you an extra 100 factory00:40:42
rubles production output00:40:45
It’s logical to assume that if you don’t have00:40:48
efficiency changes then if you00:40:50
build a second factory the same00:40:52
cost then you will have an increase in output00:40:54
another 100 rubles together 200 rubles and in00:40:56
in reality it was not so in reality you00:40:58
it was necessary to build three factories with00:41:01
in order to obtain an increase in output as with00:41:02
two00:41:03
And00:41:05
growth in capital intensity actually had00:41:09
many reasons and these elements00:41:13
there were no commodity-money relations00:41:15
the only ones but they also played their00:41:17
role because the builders also received00:41:20
Reward based on partial results00:41:23
and reward for Builders00:41:25
tied to volume00:41:27
construction and installation works00:41:30
and that meant that despite everything00:41:32
resolutions on the elimination of excess in00:41:34
the builders were selfish in architecture00:41:37
interest in building more expensive because than00:41:40
more expensive than the object they are building00:41:42
more patches that they have for him00:41:44
there was another joke that00:41:48
about which they also wrote and even00:41:51
there were decrees that this was necessary00:41:54
stop that the house is being built00:41:57
quite a long time or there is a factory there she can00:42:00
you can't build for a whole year00:42:02
don't pay builders So you need00:42:04
pay some remuneration for now00:42:06
the object has not yet been delivered00:42:09
and the amount of remuneration was tied to00:42:13
volume of completed construction and installation works00:42:15
work cost of the house it is distributed00:42:19
so there's quite a big part there00:42:21
the cost is a pit there then you have00:42:24
most of the cost is actually00:42:26
the foundation and walls, that is, the building box00:42:28
and then there are literally a few left00:42:31
percent of the total cost of the house is00:42:33
beds nolium wallpaper00:42:37
connect the plumbing and that's it00:42:41
funny situation when the house is 90% ready00:42:44
percent and builders have already received 9000:42:47
percent of the money Then they say Well00:42:49
guys Thank you We went to build00:42:52
next house because we are basically00:42:54
I'm happy with 90 percent of the money00:42:57
new residents move in and say you guys00:42:59
Why have the builders already left to build?00:43:02
next volume because I will repeat from00:43:05
next construction00:43:07
the pit has come out, you are digging with an excavator00:43:10
the excavator gives you a large volume at once00:43:12
construction work means you immediately00:43:14
you can credit yourself with a large volume00:43:16
rewards00:43:18
you glue the wallpaper manually with this wallpaper you00:43:21
you will struggle long and sadly00:43:23
Therefore, from such a selfish point of view00:43:26
from your point of view, it's really beneficial for you to quit this00:43:29
unfinished and go dig the next one00:43:31
pit because you per unit of time00:43:33
you will earn more for boiling and you00:43:35
Only the signature separates this case00:43:37
chairman of the acceptance committee00:43:40
which you can individually00:43:42
you can finish the apartment, here you can have his box00:43:46
There are many ways to give cognac00:43:49
obtain the signature of the acceptance committee chairman00:43:51
commissions if on one side Only00:43:53
signature and on the other hand cumulative00:43:55
economic interest of the whole00:43:57
construction trust00:43:59
but it came to absolutely amazing facts00:44:03
I read Memoirs00:44:06
some Komsomol leader who00:44:08
worked in Eastern Siberia If I00:44:11
I remember correctly and he wrote about the trust00:44:15
Bratsk Cas construction which took 20 years to build00:44:19
Bratsk hydroelectric power station and it’s clear what has happened00:44:23
huge powerful organization00:44:25
who really didn't want to00:44:27
self-destruct because00:44:29
at some point they are still there00:44:31
Trust Brother Gazstroy was also completed00:44:35
without waiting for any decision00:44:37
government was blown up to carry out00:44:40
geological surveys and began to build00:44:42
the next Ust-Ilimsk hydroelectric power station only after00:44:46
how they got into this Ust-Ilimsk00:44:48
Hydroelectric power plant some amount of Soviet rubles00:44:50
they brought from Moscow00:44:52
high00:44:54
Gazprom officials and said well00:44:57
guys look at this place it's really good00:45:00
for hydroelectric power stations, moreover, we have already started it00:45:02
build You can of course say now00:45:05
that we did it in vain, we already have this money00:45:07
buried in this pit and they returned to00:45:10
the national economy will not return let's00:45:12
You better coordinate this construction A00:45:15
we will get a New object on which00:45:16
we can feed ourselves for another 20 years and00:45:19
The Ust-Ilimsk hydroelectric power station was also built with00:45:22
on the one hand, a new hydroelectric power station. This is of course00:45:24
well on the other hand when you read00:45:26
about such phenomena then you have00:45:28
big questions: was there a Soviet00:45:30
planned economy in the form in which00:45:32
we are accustomed to consider it planned and00:45:36
here we probably need to round it off and00:45:40
move on to some conceptualization00:45:42
because all these examples are of course00:45:45
wonderful But00:45:47
in general they are filitons in Soviet newspapers00:45:50
also published, we are probably interested00:45:53
Question: What can you do about it?00:45:55
here is paracetate which I prescribed00:45:58
just in case to combat00:46:02
supporters of the point of view that just00:46:05
we are all enterprises in the public00:46:07
property then at00:46:10
interaction of enterprises with each other00:46:12
not happening00:46:13
there is no change of ownership00:46:16
change of owner then no exchange since no00:46:19
exchange then cannot be a monetary commodity00:46:21
relationships so what are you talking about here?00:46:23
say soviet economists00:46:27
They said that of course the highest development00:46:31
isolation of producers reaches00:46:32
on the basis of private property But if00:46:35
nationalized enterprise00:46:37
carries out the production process according to00:46:39
at its own discretion without agreeing with its00:46:42
everyone else's activity00:46:44
entrepreneurs are employed in other areas00:46:46
social division of labor then according to00:46:48
his economic policy00:46:50
content it is isolated frequent00:46:53
manufacturer00:46:55
although not a private owner in00:46:56
legal sense00:46:58
Of course I know00:47:01
Stalin's approach who said that00:47:04
commodity production in the Soviet Union00:47:06
exists because we save00:47:09
two forms of ownership00:47:10
state dash public and00:47:13
collective farm Cooperative and here between them00:47:16
the exchange is maintained and due to this it00:47:19
saved in others00:47:21
sectors of the economy But I think this00:47:25
definition of deceit00:47:27
because how do I tell you so far00:47:30
showed exactly this in a number of examples00:47:33
the format of the relationship was00:47:35
relations between government00:47:37
enterprises with each other and the presence of either00:47:40
the absence of collective farms does not matter to them at all00:47:42
interfered and didn't help00:47:43
And00:47:46
here we come to what we can see00:47:50
we need to rethink it somehow00:47:53
signs of commodity production00:47:55
in relation to the experience of the Soviet Union and00:47:58
I tried to do it, you can even see00:48:01
I wrote out the texts to make it easier for you00:48:04
criticize or is it easier with me00:48:05
agree00:48:06
I would probably try to draw a line and00:48:10
to say that the peculiarity of the USSR was not00:48:15
commodity production as such00:48:18
precisely not completely overcome00:48:20
marketability00:48:21
producers continued to operate00:48:24
like disconnected links of social00:48:26
mechanism whose work is rewarded00:48:29
society not by the fact of achievement00:48:31
useful final result A by00:48:34
the fact of acceptance of products by the next link00:48:36
production chain00:48:39
and such a peculiar one00:48:43
there were several forms of functioning00:48:46
manifestations The first is orientation00:48:48
producers for intermediate00:48:50
the result of labor That is, if in00:48:53
classical market economy00:48:55
the commodity producer is interested in the moment00:48:58
sales to him the main thing is to sell further to him00:49:01
not very important If the buyer then00:49:04
will be dissatisfied or it will turn out that he00:49:06
I didn’t buy what I wanted at all, if it’s there00:49:09
It's been two weeks for a return so it's already00:49:11
not the manufacturer's problem Well here it is00:49:14
The Soviet economy was like this00:49:15
the main thing is to hand over the object, that is, by any means00:49:18
means to achieve acceptance And then00:49:21
no matter the gap between the subject who00:49:24
pays for the intermediate result and00:49:26
end consumers of consumer goods00:49:29
cost of alienation of the final00:49:31
consumer from making a decision Which00:49:34
he needs products00:49:36
That is, we have some people who00:49:38
agreed on the release of this conditional00:49:41
drilling rig which I converted to00:49:44
an example that is 10 times more expensive than this one00:49:47
the machine is already in production and only after00:49:50
this arises drillers who say00:49:52
Why did they do it at all? Why at all?00:49:55
it was put into production for us like this00:49:57
not needed at all00:49:59
and the third moment is this this is this00:50:02
long-term price deviation from00:50:04
costs due to lobbying pressure00:50:06
on planned pricing bodies and00:50:09
as a result, not an equivalent exchange00:50:12
privileged position of enterprises00:50:14
having more administrative00:50:16
opportunities for price increases here in00:50:19
relatively more privileged00:50:21
machine builders were in a position because00:50:23
that their products were updated more often and00:50:27
they often had the opportunity to say that00:50:30
here's a new machine, it's very cool, but...00:50:32
unfortunately a little more expensive than the old one00:50:34
was in a less privileged position00:50:37
production00:50:39
standardized products, that is00:50:42
there are coal grains of sugar, that is, some00:50:45
things that don't change because there00:50:47
Indeed, once the price was approved and it00:50:50
stands rooted to the spot00:50:51
so I repeat it wasn’t really00:50:55
not exactly the inflation we need00:50:58
known from modern reality00:51:01
the problem was recognized in 198100:51:05
The 26th Congress of the CPSU took place, this is already late00:51:10
Brezhnev and in the materials of this congress there are several00:51:14
once the refrain repeats the phrase that we00:51:18
workers need to be remunerated00:51:21
end results we must move away from00:51:24
interim remuneration00:51:26
we need the results of labor00:51:28
reward the employee when known00:51:30
It's already known whether it's true00:51:34
that volume of consumer demand was created00:51:36
the value that was declared00:51:39
but unfortunately when you read What about00:51:43
do this then I wrote you a quote00:51:47
from the material of the 26th Congress that00:51:50
it is necessary to educate employees in the spirit00:51:53
high consciousness and responsibility00:51:55
for the assigned task of deep understanding00:51:58
the importance of everyone's contribution to solving problems00:52:00
increasing production efficiency and00:52:03
achieving high end people's00:52:05
economic results That is, to00:52:08
Unfortunately, I note that in Soviet00:52:10
The Union reflected on the problem00:52:13
managed to put it in my opinion not00:52:15
managed to decide because all the time00:52:18
rely on employee responsibility00:52:20
it's you who will always fall into the genre00:52:22
Soviet production drama where with00:52:25
one side of responsibility on the other00:52:26
hand wallet and sooner or later I'm afraid00:52:30
the wallet will still win00:52:32
in Soviet Union00:52:34
there were many progressive phenomena If I00:52:37
Now I'm focusing on growing there00:52:40
material consumption of the capacity fund and here00:52:44
lag in production volumes in kind00:52:47
from production volumes in money then00:52:49
just because00:52:51
Well, it was some kind of background process00:52:54
which could slow down00:52:57
some years go very slowly but00:53:00
still went, that is, it was some00:53:02
such constant erosion because one00:53:06
year you are conscious second year you00:53:08
conscious third year you are conscious00:53:10
then you are tired of being conscious00:53:13
or someone else took your place00:53:15
supervisor00:53:16
that is00:53:17
you can't play defense all the time if you have00:53:21
on the one hand you are simply there00:53:22
a joke that one tries not to miss00:53:25
Inappropriate prices but you don't have00:53:28
some kind of mechanism that generally00:53:29
excludes00:53:31
economic interest in price gouging00:53:33
manufacturers then over a period of 10 years00:53:37
20 years from now these trends will still be there00:53:40
manifest00:53:42
and here we come to the most interesting part00:53:45
What could be done with this, that is, what00:53:48
this could be done at the level00:53:50
on your fingers at a high level you already00:53:54
said 26 Congress on this somehow00:53:57
reward producers not for00:53:59
intermediate A for final results00:54:02
one moment of course it’s increased00:54:05
detailed planning for more00:54:08
basis for the development of a normative approach00:54:10
taking into account labor and material capacity00:54:12
products, that is, it is clearly useful to understand00:54:16
labor intensity container material each00:54:19
the thing you make00:54:20
But00:54:23
for this it is necessary that the enterprise00:54:26
helped They prevented you from developing00:54:28
a large system of standards because00:54:31
The Soviet Union had a whole00:54:34
research institute no pin00:54:35
research00:54:37
Research Institute00:54:39
planning and regulations it existed00:54:41
for 30 years and not even an entire institute00:54:44
was able to create standards for everything that is00:54:47
this is a very difficult and lengthy process00:54:51
then we need to update it00:54:54
have respect for technological progress00:54:56
and here we come to the very00:54:58
interesting and actually rewarding00:55:01
the final results are like the first00:55:04
what comes to mind the enterprise should00:55:07
know what the final beneficial effect is00:55:09
the account was brought by his products, that is, I00:55:12
I produce some I don't know there00:55:14
cast iron ingots and mine00:55:18
the enterprise must understand what00:55:20
consumer goods ultimately00:55:23
my cast iron will turn, that is, it shouldn’t00:55:25
be the situation that here is a truck from the factory00:55:27
left everyone exhaled and said thank God00:55:31
left and left00:55:32
here's the second point00:55:36
since the moment of production and the moment00:55:39
when we understand this final00:55:41
consumer utility00:55:43
consumer value consumer00:55:45
the cost can be posted in00:55:48
time and space need this one00:55:51
the recalculation mechanism itself, that is00:55:53
they came up with a new combine they say new00:55:56
the combine plows twice as good there00:55:58
old there or not plowing, pressing and here00:56:02
in the spring00:56:04
collective farms are starting to buy this new00:56:06
the harvester passes six months and the harvest arrives00:56:09
it turns out that of course he bench presses better but00:56:12
not twice there 10 percent better00:56:14
and it costs twice as much because00:56:16
when it was produced they substantiated that it00:56:18
waiting twice as good And maybe even00:56:22
Have you attached any results?00:56:24
tests But this is some kind of experience on00:56:26
demonstration field on the territory of the plant00:56:28
manufacturer in which there are ideal00:56:31
the humidity there the sun shines only 3000:56:34
degrees horizon00:56:36
and I don’t know, there are two highest combine operators00:56:39
education and in these conditions00:56:41
the combine then shows the declared00:56:43
indicators00:56:44
But in real fields he still behaves00:56:47
didn’t show it that way, but the problem is that00:56:49
we also bought a combine harvester And even if now00:56:52
reduce the price for it then six months00:56:55
enterprises received00:56:58
reward for virtually nothing00:57:01
there is and moreover, she is most likely these00:57:04
the money has already been spent, it has already been spent00:57:05
paid these salaries in the form of salaries00:57:09
already well spent, moreover, you00:57:12
can you imagine such a simple one00:57:13
economic system00:57:15
unbalanced Where you have just00:57:18
manufacturers of this combine and00:57:20
the actual bread producers there00:57:22
generalized i.e. grain Flour and finished00:57:25
bread and We paid in the spring00:57:29
manufacturer company twice00:57:31
the harvester is calculated twice as much00:57:33
more productive and it will allow us almost00:57:36
twice as much bread And of course he00:57:38
productive but infection needs 1000:57:40
percent and these come00:57:43
hard workers with00:57:46
combine plant with money to the store00:57:48
planning to buy twice as much bread00:57:51
it’s just not there so much and it starts00:57:53
the problem is that well, we did a good job A00:57:56
Why are there not enough products in stores?00:57:58
there are not enough products because you have00:58:01
growth in use value lags behind00:58:04
from the increase in salaries that you00:58:05
tie to some intermediate00:58:07
results that are not really00:58:10
correspond to the final result00:58:13
how the problem is solved in the market00:58:15
economy When you have money in your hands00:58:18
more than goods, the price of goods will increase00:58:21
this mechanism is very simple00:58:24
acts himself but is punished punishes00:58:26
equally innocent and not involved00:58:29
Because if you just cost the price00:58:33
for bread, then bread will become more expensive for everyone and00:58:36
for combine harvester manufacturers who00:58:38
roughly speaking, they deceived the State and for00:58:42
I don’t know the doctors, teachers or themselves00:58:45
bakers who are generally fine00:58:47
worked, that is, the mechanism for raising prices00:58:50
it is understandable but for our purposes00:58:53
wrong because it creates00:58:56
instead of understanding that we are working for00:58:59
The end result is it works the other way around00:59:02
for alienation because well, I00:59:04
did a good job I have a salary00:59:07
I can’t spend it what a disgrace00:59:10
that’s why such simply impersonal growth00:59:13
the price doesn't suit us00:59:15
we need a system that will allow00:59:19
recalculate the remuneration of those00:59:22
manufacturers who have announced00:59:25
beneficial effect which in the end was not00:59:27
achieved00:59:29
so that it is they who have the money in their hands00:59:31
became smaller and the system came into00:59:34
equilibrium not due to rising prices00:59:37
so impersonal for everyone00:59:40
And00:59:41
the good news is that it's here00:59:44
is currently being created00:59:47
traceability chains00:59:50
electronic ones that allow you to do this00:59:53
because I brought it where I was standing here00:59:59
bottle of water Yes there was a bottle of water Where01:00:02
you've already dragged her away Yes, I think I'm her01:00:06
brought from Russia We have everything now01:00:08
bottles start to be labeled with this code and01:00:11
you can download the application about this01:00:13
bottle, finding out who produced it means01:00:16
what is the expiration date and how is it01:00:19
I got to the store you're in01:00:22
where you bought it and if you go to the website01:00:26
the operator of this system can be found out01:00:29
in fact there is much more01:00:30
information Because now there is little01:00:33
little is recorded all technological01:00:36
redistributions all transportation and any shift01:00:41
owner01:00:42
those product categories that are listed01:00:45
this is the first thing in this system01:00:47
veterinary products01:00:48
These are all kinds of consumer goods01:00:51
which are often counterfeited types of milk01:00:54
which you can butt there or water01:00:56
which can be poured from the tap and01:00:58
add soda so there is mineral water01:01:00
appeared But the most important thing is that it has already01:01:03
the system has been created and is already working01:01:07
The Russian government has plans there01:01:10
in '24, expand them to almost everything01:01:12
consumer goods01:01:14
This system tracks the product to the shelf01:01:17
store and in stores you have01:01:20
electronic systems of retailers If you01:01:23
use a discount card in which01:01:27
Do you know who this is? How old are you?01:01:29
what gender the system literally knows01:01:33
who bought which loaf of sausage? This means01:01:35
that there is already technical01:01:38
ability to trace the transformation01:01:40
goods from cow to sausage and who knows01:01:46
specific then sausages and we bought it for now01:01:49
We don’t know yet that he ate it, but we already01:01:51
we know that he bought it and if at some point01:01:54
moment it turns out that the end result01:01:57
not reached, that is, there is no sausage there01:02:00
it turned out that we know the whole chain of who01:02:04
participated in the creation of consumer01:02:06
costs that in the end were not01:02:08
created and we can target01:02:11
recalculate the remuneration of these01:02:15
these producers telling them that Well01:02:17
guys sorry you all worked worked01:02:20
good together but in the end nothing01:02:22
created01:02:24
in the same way you can recalculate in01:02:27
plus if some kind of machine is created01:02:29
which the consumer still shows01:02:32
greater beneficial effect than before01:02:34
stated initially then you can here01:02:37
the same chain in a targeted manner01:02:39
to reward the manufacturer01:02:43
That is, technical01:02:45
means that allow01:02:48
overcome this problem01:02:52
disunity of reward you're going nowhere01:02:56
you won’t miss the division by type of labor then01:03:00
there will be specialization of labor01:03:02
go deeper but you can01:03:04
overcome this private moment01:03:07
appropriation of the result of labor because01:03:10
even if it is stated at the beginning01:03:12
some useful effect which then01:03:14
not confirmed, you can recalculate01:03:17
retroactive reward01:03:20
so that your system saves01:03:22
balance and did not accumulate in it01:03:24
these imbalances that accumulated in01:03:26
real economy of the Soviet Union01:03:28
But for now I’m speaking as an economist01:03:32
the kind of accounting that01:03:34
it is important that the balance sits there01:03:36
the amount of money in the hands of the population01:03:39
coincided with the total cost of all01:03:43
goods that the population can01:03:45
buy in the store in addition01:03:48
of this system, in my opinion, will be very01:03:50
serious social consequences01:03:53
because as I said now And to01:03:58
unfortunately, as far as I understand01:04:00
The Soviet Union also had this moment01:04:02
that the products left the factory gates01:04:06
Thank God everything is fine, as if ticked off01:04:10
put01:04:11
against the volume of gross output it01:04:15
went if she went on No benefit01:04:18
I didn’t bring it to anyone, it’s no longer01:04:19
the problem of this enterprise01:04:21
now imagine the situation that01:04:23
company01:04:26
deprived of bonuses or some other01:04:29
way to reduce remuneration for the wrong thing01:04:33
that the company did a bad job for that01:04:36
that someone else screwed up the result01:04:38
his work01:04:39
That is, I produced I don’t know grain from this01:04:45
flour was made from this grain and then01:04:48
the bakery forgot to bake this bread01:04:51
turn all this bread into the coals01:04:53
turned and they tell me there dear01:04:57
the farmer is a dear worker there01:04:58
fly-grinding production because B01:05:01
as a result, you did not create additional01:05:04
volume of benefits then we now have all these01:05:07
examples and in general in some way01:05:10
it doesn't matter that it's not really you01:05:13
created And your subcontractors because you01:05:15
you all work towards the end results01:05:17
no final results01:05:18
what will happen Well, if it is high01:05:23
consciousness that will be cultural01:05:25
workers talking01:05:28
flour milling production With workers01:05:30
bread factory that's if consciousness01:05:33
it won't be very high, I'm afraid it will be01:05:35
just a knife fight01:05:36
That is, when you create a mechanism01:05:40
tracking production chains and01:05:43
you are creating some kind of tool that01:05:45
allows you to truly reward01:05:48
the end result is you at the same time01:05:51
you're racking your brains about01:05:55
manufacturers these are the boundaries01:05:57
isolation that my enterprise01:05:59
further I don't care what you do with them01:06:02
you break no appeals to consciousness01:06:04
no way Here in the materials of the 26th Congress And you01:06:07
break focusing on their own01:06:09
economic interest you tell them you01:06:12
work for some final good if01:06:15
there is no ultimate good for everyone01:06:18
to the rest of the Union citizens to some extent01:06:20
I don't really care who's to blame01:06:22
go sort it out among yourselves and they01:06:25
will understand each other better01:06:27
any states of controllers you do not01:06:29
it will be necessary to maintain a state staff01:06:31
inspectors because understanding who01:06:35
actually the weakest link is in this01:06:37
production chain they are in my opinion01:06:40
it’s great to agree with each other how01:06:42
make sure that the bread ends up lying in01:06:45
the stores were there of good quality and01:06:49
reached the end consumer01:06:52
and that is, you create a tool that01:06:56
starts making production01:06:58
directly to the public first01:07:01
the queue is in the heads of the manufacturers themselves and01:07:03
I think this is very important and01:07:06
finally I want to stop on01:07:09
some forms in which in my opinion01:07:12
this recalculation may take place01:07:15
performance-based rewards01:07:18
this is essentially my creativity because01:07:22
unfortunately there is nothing for me here anymore01:07:24
rely as I said in Soviet01:07:25
The Union managed to pose the problem but on01:07:28
my opinion could not be resolved01:07:30
[music]01:07:32
I will say that they even sent me01:07:34
dissertations in which she spoke Soviet01:07:38
dissertations from the 70s which are precisely01:07:40
it says what we need01:07:42
reward according to01:07:45
beneficial effect of the consumer01:07:47
and there were even formulas given: How is it possible01:07:50
consider this beneficial effect but there is no01:07:52
the question was asked: What to do about it?01:07:54
remuneration which the enterprise has already01:07:56
got it because if we're just in01:08:00
at some point we catch ourselves01:08:02
we reduce the price that is inadequate by some01:08:04
we still keep the products01:08:07
here is this temporary varnish between the moment01:08:08
when originally prescribed too01:08:10
high price and when there01:08:14
representatives caught on and that means01:08:17
that the company remains interested01:08:19
play this game over and over again where01:08:22
even if it gets six months01:08:25
excess profits But for six months it’s all the same01:08:26
receives excess profit Even if he has two01:08:28
month receives excess profit anyway01:08:30
receives excess profits for some time and01:08:32
it won't be such a big blow01:08:35
from an economic point of view this saves01:08:38
this division in our heads about01:08:40
that my enterprise we are now this01:08:42
products somehow with a bagrim And then no01:08:45
interesting and from this Of course it is necessary01:08:47
leave therefore01:08:49
the first recalculation tool which01:08:52
it comes to mind he's so head-on01:08:54
frontal we keep all the money in01:08:57
the banks have our money. It's bank money.01:09:01
the bank can post this money01:09:03
freeze that is, wakes up in the morning01:09:05
the hard worker opens his smartphone and01:09:09
he sees that he has a lot of money01:09:11
less and he's like God what is this01:09:13
scammers01:09:14
and that means he receives a notification that you01:09:17
you know in the end01:09:20
you did there four years ago01:09:23
some kind of ship turbine and in the end01:09:25
it means this is the shipyard here, she sank there01:09:28
along with your entire turbine so we01:09:30
They arranged a recalculation for you. Here are the hard workers01:09:33
such is the Proletarian hatred01:09:35
this whole thing is why the first option01:09:38
Doesn't seem very good to me01:09:39
and the second option is to pay an advance01:09:44
and then pay extra because when01:09:45
you have already been paid the money and then a portion01:09:48
taken away it is of course perceived01:09:50
more acutely than when you got paid01:09:53
then they paid more Moreover, I found01:09:57
information that this method was used01:09:59
during the Patriotic War there is01:10:02
state committee resolution01:10:03
defense signed by Comrade Stalin about01:10:06
the fact that the aircraft plant 20 percent01:10:09
the cost of the aircraft is transferred When01:10:12
the plane left the assembly shop01:10:14
the remaining 80 percent of the cost01:10:16
is listed When the plane overflies it and01:10:19
that means the representatives are there01:10:22
fronts confirmed that there are enough on it01:10:26
there is a cannon of instruments and in general it is ready for01:10:29
battle01:10:30
that is, here I think 20 to 80 was like01:10:35
I wish they had been installed, to be honest, but01:10:38
the approach itself has almost been used01:10:42
80 years ago, in general, is also enough01:10:44
obvious that is, we pay you first01:10:47
some minimum when we get01:10:50
confirmation that Yes is really there01:10:52
the house was completed, the plane flew there, the ship01:10:54
went and01:10:58
bread or sausage got into the store01:11:01
purchased and the consumer did not bring it back01:11:05
having said that it is impossible for us to eat01:11:07
we pay the remaining amount01:11:10
and I'll finish now, I see Yes, the third hand01:11:14
the moment that gave birth to a collective01:11:17
mind at the Digital Socialism conference01:11:20
there last year which seems to me01:11:22
maybe the neatest thing is this01:11:25
insurance deductions When you have everything01:11:28
enterprises transfer a certain volume01:11:30
funds to the insurance fund in case of failure01:11:34
achieving final results01:11:36
state reserve states01:11:39
reserve a certain amount of goods01:11:42
equal volumes of this insurance fund01:11:44
if at some point you are not01:11:47
final results are achieved for any01:11:50
reasons, then the state from these reserves01:11:52
thrown onto store shelves01:11:56
required volumes of final products for01:11:59
so that consumers are not harmed and01:12:02
here this is this recalculation01:12:04
reward comes through bets01:12:07
contributions to this insurance fund we01:12:09
we play with bets of calculations and those01:12:12
businesses that regularly screw us over01:12:15
We give them a bigger bet and tell them that01:12:18
well you should list more01:12:20
accordingly you have funds in01:12:22
the company has less at its disposal01:12:24
and opportunities to build nurseries there01:12:27
departmental kindergartens or pay01:12:29
your bonus will also be less, that is01:12:32
Stop deceiving by claiming the future01:12:35
the beneficial effect of which is actually01:12:37
it won’t and we will reduce your rate01:12:40
deductions more than what else do I need01:12:43
like this story this topic what is possible01:12:47
selectively play with these bets01:12:51
based on the length of this one01:12:53
production chain because01:12:55
for the economy as a whole Well, in general If01:12:59
the result is not received then everyone01:13:02
did not participate in the final result01:13:05
Well done, but it’s clear that’s probably it01:13:08
the factory where it actually happened01:13:11
some glitch on it no more options01:13:15
allow this failure than at the factory01:13:17
suicide bombers01:13:18
if there is a metal manufacturer he01:13:22
just makes metal ingots and he01:13:25
then he finds out that somewhere someone is his01:13:28
ingots there made a part and this part01:13:31
broke Well, he probably really did01:13:34
not many opportunities for influence01:13:35
except go therefore you can01:13:41
the highest deduction rates are made for01:13:44
that enterprise which actually01:13:46
screwed up for the first death row01:13:49
who's directly involved with this?01:13:51
enterprise interact do01:13:52
rates are lower for subcontractors 2 and01:13:56
subsequent order to place bets01:13:58
less That is, we get something like this01:14:01
differentiated responsibility01:14:02
it turns out the responsibility remains01:14:04
Collective but not spread out01:14:07
everyone is the same we can do it anyway01:14:09
identify the main culprit and01:14:11
those close to him in order to01:14:14
there was still a balance between01:14:18
essentially two kinds of justice01:14:20
Because there is such justice01:14:22
accounting when01:14:24
from the point of view of society, it doesn’t matter who is there01:14:27
your production chain has messed up01:14:29
if there is no end result then there is no end result01:14:31
and on the other hand there is this01:14:33
personal that I did a good job This is mine01:14:36
my neighbor did a bad job on me why01:14:38
Therefore, this insurance system01:14:42
She seems to me the most flexible01:14:44
neat But of course I admit that well01:14:49
we're just fantasizing about someone right now01:14:51
future which01:14:53
Maybe01:14:54
and when, if it comes, then there’s about it01:14:58
will think harder and bigger01:15:01
number of people therefore possible01:15:02
come up with some other ways but01:15:05
in general it seems to me that this one is here01:15:10
this digital traceability which01:15:12
is already created if you connect it with01:15:16
with this recalculation according to the final01:15:18
results could be the answer to01:15:21
the question is how to overcome this01:15:25
here is the division of producers who01:15:28
leads to their attempts01:15:33
reward yourself inappropriately01:15:36
in which they really01:15:37
took part in public01:15:40
production and maybe this will be the one01:15:42
the path that will turn01:15:45
commodity production even01:15:47
Socialist producers to you01:15:50
directly public on this I01:15:52
I think I need to finish I told in01:15:55
basically what I wanted to tell and01:15:57
you can switch to question format01:15:59
answers or even live discussion01:16:01
because these are the things I came for01:16:04
relatively recently and of course to me01:16:08
I would have liked more feedback01:16:10
because I repeat it’s not enough to criticize01:16:14
important to understand01:16:16
do we know what to do about it and01:16:20
here it seems to me that if we talk01:16:23
that yes we understand what the problem was And01:16:26
we understand how to solve it, then it will be01:16:29
Have good01:16:32
this will be a good help for anyone01:16:34
Socialist Communist01:16:36
propaganda because it will respond01:16:38
when asked what's new next time01:16:42
the attempt will be more successful than01:16:44
previous Thank you01:16:47
[music]01:16:50
Thank you very much for interesting01:16:52
the story itself started me01:16:55
I was tormented by one question to which you are the most01:16:57
interesting that at the very end partly01:16:59
answered How things were01:17:03
military-industrial complex with that01:17:06
point of view of the problems that you01:17:08
discussed whether this condition was different from01:17:12
agricultural construction described there01:17:14
mechanical engineering and if it was different then01:17:17
Which way and for what reason am I not01:17:20
I’ll say it for now because this is a big topic and01:17:23
still partially closed01:17:25
best research directly01:17:27
period of the Patriotic War01:17:29
there is a limited range01:17:33
products01:17:34
those same plans were formed01:17:37
nuts that many have heard about but01:17:39
probably few people saw it literally01:17:42
you can find the approved application to01:17:45
the resolutions of the State Committee for which01:17:48
stated that for the next month it is necessary01:17:51
produce such and such quantity there01:17:52
shells and I'm talking about the initial ones there01:17:55
months 41 years now and application01:17:58
the resolution was so huge01:18:00
foot wraps for every factory01:18:03
the manufacturer was credited with how much01:18:07
need to be produced01:18:08
spare parts for the projectile to be assembled01:18:12
that is, the projectile consists of some01:18:15
copper rods there are some kind of fuses01:18:18
there's something I don't understand at all01:18:21
technology for the production of projectiles I01:18:23
I understand that they dismantled the shell on us01:18:25
the main parts of each care prescribed01:18:29
how much does he need to produce in kind?01:18:31
Moreover, we took another step towards01:18:34
production chain back signed01:18:37
equipment manufacturer01:18:38
how much equipment needs to be produced for01:18:41
factories that make components01:18:43
shells so that the shell eventually assembles and01:18:48
all these plans are purely in kind01:18:50
that is, there is no money there at all01:18:52
indicators and there are simply there Well, here you are01:18:56
you have to you have to do it you have01:18:59
here is the production task01:19:00
Therefore, it’s either like this or like this but like this01:19:04
plans could be made according to01:19:07
a small amount actually01:19:09
product lists if we look at how01:19:12
the task was created for example01:19:14
aircraft factory, that is, an airplane at01:19:17
disassemble the parts of each nut already01:19:19
it’s harder to detail what others01:19:23
the factory must supply aviation01:19:25
plant so that the aircraft plant can01:19:28
to produce a plane there were different01:19:30
brands of metal there were types of rubber and so on01:19:33
further It was all in kind So here it is01:19:36
Thanks for the question, actually that's it01:19:40
question: When do we probably have more01:19:43
we've just come to the departure point01:19:45
commodity of monetary relations is01:19:47
arms production in the Russian Federation01:19:50
war in terms of planning01:19:54
because as far as accounting is concerned01:19:56
costs there continued to operate Well, how01:19:59
costing and the same01:20:02
followed in great detail From what01:20:05
the cost of a tank there and even01:20:08
there in Voznesensky’s book you can01:20:10
find the dynamics that there are all these tanks01:20:13
automatic planes stopped cheaper01:20:15
cheaper exactly because every01:20:18
the cost component is literally under01:20:20
looked at it with a microscope and regularly01:20:24
called the management of the enterprise and talked01:20:27
on the topic How can you do this faster and01:20:29
cheaper that is, if you have01:20:32
opportunities for such detailed01:20:35
control then you can overcome it I01:20:41
I was talking about Well, like this way01:20:44
solving the problem as a whole because it is necessary01:20:46
understand that this is a very serious effort01:20:48
there's a lot of centuries there and it's small01:20:51
number of types of products because well01:20:55
In general, you would produce much more01:20:56
most of all I doubt that even01:20:59
now there taking into account everyone there01:21:02
all modern capacities there01:21:04
computer systems can do this01:21:08
on the scale of the economy as a whole but01:21:10
I repeat, I don’t know what it would be like while there01:21:13
the post-war years simply did not study this01:21:16
question Well, here's the war period for me01:21:18
I was really surprised by the plan and there01:21:22
all the rods were written out, all of some kind01:21:25
six but there are some bolts for everyone01:21:28
plant What needs to be done so that later01:21:31
gathered gathered exact amount01:21:33
Znamentov so it was decided there is an opinion01:21:36
that it is necessary to develop Marxist01:21:41
and we all owe it to some extent01:21:44
participate question how to level01:21:47
individual or small group in which01:21:50
is the individual determining what you are01:21:53
Well, you're really in the process01:21:55
modernization and development of Marxist01:21:58
science Thank me right away Counter question A01:22:01
what are the alternative options? Here you are01:22:03
you think there for two years you thought that you01:22:05
developed Marxism and then you realized that01:22:07
in fact you did anything01:22:10
came to warm up01:22:13
in the company of nice people, for example, but not01:22:16
such a bad result01:22:23
It seems to me that Marxism is rather private01:22:27
the case is fundamentally no different01:22:28
from the development of any science, that is, on01:22:32
conferences communicate with friends01:22:35
read literature01:22:36
so that you can say that is01:22:40
you're clearly not the only one doing this, you know01:22:42
that's how the first year of graduate school is evil01:22:45
earphone asks for lit-review if students01:22:48
tells him that this is a unique question01:22:50
which has no information I'm here01:22:52
this problem was taken by the world's 1st evil earphone01:22:55
such a student is usually expelled and01:22:57
says a friend, you're just too lazy to write01:22:59
years review Go and come back tell me Who is this01:23:02
I did this before you, what are the results?01:23:03
That's why they don't suit you01:23:07
the first moment, well, how do you communicate?01:23:10
and the second moment you present the results01:23:12
not only warm groups Where are you there01:23:15
butts of dirt, well, here are other conferences01:23:18
ride and get an exchange in person01:23:22
there is Well it's like01:23:26
Well, I don’t know the basics. It seems to me that anyone01:23:29
social sciences are developing due to01:23:31
what do you say double blind01:23:33
method cannot be used unlike01:23:35
from natural sciences so it’s easy for you01:23:38
you need to understand where you are in01:23:40
every moment in time you need to understand01:23:42
what others think about this one more01:23:44
the moment that seems to help me is01:23:46
Here I gave an example of the law of value He01:23:50
used to be called the law of proportional01:23:52
labor costs and it turned out longer01:23:54
so they later moved away from it, but in my opinion01:23:57
sometimes it seems clearer to me01:23:58
useful to play translation I mean01:24:03
that we have the same reality and01:24:05
the same objective but it is described01:24:07
different languages and sometimes you understand01:24:11
that the same phenomenon is there in terms01:24:13
labor theory of value01:24:15
some other term fits in01:24:17
theory the same phenomenon is described01:24:19
a little differently if you can01:24:21
to translate one language into another means01:24:23
you really understand what you mean01:24:24
you say it's so small itself01:24:26
check In addition, I repeat sometimes01:24:28
it happens that people start throwing quotes01:24:32
there is something about exploitation there01:24:34
profit rate and01:24:36
I don't always have fear, but01:24:40
It happens that I listen to people like this01:24:43
he speaks learnedly and you begin to fear01:24:47
generally understands what he says to me01:24:49
Therefore, when there in April I call01:24:52
collectively comrade Lenin read I01:24:55
I always ask that you do not post quotes01:24:57
because you posted a quote that is unclear01:24:59
did I actually read it myself or just01:25:01
I made a copy-paste so it seems to me like this01:25:04
this translation between languages is generally01:25:06
allows you to simultaneously remember that01:25:09
every theory has some limits01:25:10
applicability I mentioned What for example01:25:12
Labor theory of value is bad01:25:14
works there for some unique01:25:17
goods because there are different laws01:25:19
start to act01:25:21
Well, I don’t know the market there01:25:24
[music]01:25:25
objects of art or, for example, the market01:25:29
some fluorine raw material is simply due to01:25:31
what if you sell for the second time01:25:33
some kind of thing, it’s generally like01:25:36
labor costs And there are already others because01:25:38
that labor costs were bought when her01:25:40
sold for the first time Well and so on Then01:25:42
there are01:25:44
I'm telling you what I use myself.01:25:47
I'm trying to keep boundaries in mind01:25:49
the applicability of what anyone is talking about01:25:52
explanatory concept and second here01:25:54
am having fun with this translation from one01:25:57
explain but in another language but there is no me01:26:00
these are the first two moments That is, if01:26:03
it seems to you that you should be very01:26:05
well confident to say that here01:26:08
We are the only ones who advanced Marxism01:26:11
in this direction because maybe01:26:13
you just don't know about other people01:26:14
who do the same Thank you01:26:16
Thanks for the answer and one more question01:26:20
historical01:26:21
I know at least three models01:26:24
dissemination of scientific No, this is a sect with01:26:28
the absolute leader at the head of the scientific01:26:30
centralism where decisions are made as01:26:33
as a group01:26:34
aksakals saxauls and well, on mine01:26:38
look the third category is Soviet01:26:40
here is a model with universal education01:26:43
do you have any thoughts about that01:26:45
properly01:26:47
educate people in a more modern01:26:50
society Thank you I was mocking01:26:53
money teacher, bank loans01:26:56
when I was a student who spoke01:26:59
that Ivan Ivanovich came up with two01:27:01
functions of money Ivan Petrovich believes that01:27:04
money 6 functions But you will write01:27:06
disser what is the seventh function01:27:08
Come up with an idea and you will have a dissertation01:27:10
This means that Ivan Ivanovich thinks01:27:12
that there are three distribution models01:27:15
scientific knowledge Ivan Petrovich can01:27:17
consider that there are two models for example01:27:19
like to eat caustic sociologist Mikhail01:27:22
Sokolov has a sensational article01:27:24
which is a little bit like all the other scientists01:27:27
about native and provincial science here01:27:30
he offers us two models01:27:32
means Russian scientific knowledge01:27:35
native provincial That's what I mean01:27:38
that is, I understand your frame, but just01:27:41
this is a continuation of Gorodets applicability I01:27:43
I'll return it to you right away, what do you think?01:27:46
that there are three models can say more01:27:47
the model is easy to explain to you in detail01:27:50
I need to sit down with you and find out what01:27:52
mean by each of these three01:27:54
models And I'm afraid that now we are in the wrong place01:27:56
format To do this We can with01:27:58
to chat with you after I wanted to ask01:28:00
question about the main issue01:28:03
lecture content01:28:05
and offer01:28:08
for the solution proportion yes That is the first01:28:11
Question I have a proposed solution who01:28:14
will be the protection agent01:28:18
consumer interests because01:28:20
a consumer whose agent does not exist01:28:24
interests are never protected01:28:26
The industrial chain is interested01:28:28
in receiving01:28:31
to remain a beneficiary01:28:34
there is no need to initiate recalculation and01:28:36
redistribution of damage accordingly01:28:40
at an unrecognized social cost and01:28:43
distribution networks Yes there outside01:28:46
depending on this they are also01:28:48
beneficiaries count on them01:28:50
responsibility in this matter01:28:51
impossible, that is, it is implied that01:28:54
the consumer must be aware01:28:58
as if01:28:59
to be represented by someone Well, that is01:29:03
be a serious force that can01:29:05
initiate this process01:29:07
This is the first part of the question And the second part01:29:11
question is not an equivalent exchange about which01:29:14
during the lecture they told01:29:16
[music]01:29:18
regardless of what he is01:29:20
part of an industry conference and so on01:29:22
further but01:29:23
[music]01:29:25
if we consider not equivalent01:29:28
exchange then01:29:30
beneficiaries of the exchange by definition01:29:34
have great resources, including01:29:38
and to resolve your issues01:29:40
to preserve this and consolidate01:29:43
such a situation than those who are in it01:29:46
do not participate in equivalent exchange and01:29:49
respectively01:29:50
released due to microelement01:29:53
sharing a resource they usually01:29:55
used to reinforce this01:29:57
provisions01:29:59
in my opinion it's just bright01:30:02
demonstrated01:30:03
final stage within the Soviet Union01:30:08
respectively01:30:10
Besides the fact that there are negative01:30:14
effects from non-coolent exchange which01:30:17
can theoretically be isolated Agent01:30:19
That is, the consumer who will01:30:22
protect your interests but there is01:30:25
non-obvious, that is, some locally01:30:29
positive points where01:30:32
No obvious damage01:30:35
without obvious damage We reserve to ourselves01:30:38
here are the results of this exchange This is it01:30:42
the essence of the first question is01:30:44
content Thank you good question01:30:48
raise an important topic: That there is no01:30:51
the computer system itself is not01:30:52
works without a power device if you01:30:56
I correctly understood the question that the consumer01:30:57
says there is no final effect but against01:31:00
everyone in the entire chain is worth it01:31:01
manufacturers who says that's what you say01:31:04
don't tell friend01:31:05
but we have01:31:07
now there are all kinds01:31:09
structures of state protection of rights01:31:12
consumers where can you write if you01:31:14
there you bring things to hand over, you don’t have it01:31:17
accept and so on and so forth I01:31:19
I think that this kind of structure is needed01:31:21
will leave a bright future because01:31:25
that you are absolutely right I said about01:31:28
technical side of the matter About what is01:31:29
computer system but without01:31:33
Of course I’m afraid of the apparatus of violence. She herself01:31:38
it won't work on its own because01:31:39
really creates such saves01:31:42
this is it01:31:44
but the conflict is already really between01:31:46
producers consumer So yes01:31:48
thank you I think that's one answer This is01:31:50
some analogues of modern ones here01:31:53
Rospotrebnadzor where you can01:31:56
write if you came to the store and you were there01:31:58
sent and the second moment I think that01:32:02
we need to make this whole system as much as possible01:32:05
public to connect more01:32:08
social moment because we are01:32:11
We're not talking about the individual consumer.01:32:13
who bought the TV there didn’t turn it on01:32:15
works and we are talking about mass01:32:17
consumer because we are not talking about01:32:19
separate things that were done to the marriage01:32:21
A01:32:22
screen in front01:32:25
mass production of products that01:32:30
for which the manufacturer is trying01:32:32
do not receive remuneration01:32:33
corresponding to the final useful01:32:35
quality And you know that the consumer too01:32:37
it will be massive and I think they will01:32:41
If the system is transparent they will01:32:43
it’s just not against finding each other there01:32:46
group of producers will stand like this01:32:48
the consumer group will do it01:32:50
more balanced system01:32:52
regarding the use of resources for01:32:55
in order to, well, how to break the system, well01:32:59
any idea that one person can01:33:01
someone else can come up with it01:33:04
gouge, that is, it is impossible to create01:33:06
absolutely ideal system but here01:33:08
More likely it's some kind of Well, I don't know01:33:10
Collective Will collective action01:33:12
because01:33:15
it is clear that like any public01:33:18
the system can be disassembled in this regard here01:33:20
the collapse of the Soviet Union showed that01:33:22
movement through formations is generally speaking01:33:24
reversible, you can kind of drive back I01:33:28
I think if you try hard enough you can01:33:30
feudalism turn into failure That's it01:33:33
maybe even possession if very strong01:33:35
try therefore here is a general answer01:33:38
I will not give you such a final one at all times01:33:42
I'll give it fundamentally impossible but probably01:33:46
some one here01:33:47
collective understanding of why this is important01:33:49
And what will happen if she neglects these01:33:52
can create certain barriers to this01:33:55
briefly as part of an interview with the magazine Rabko01:34:01
you mentioned such a thing as01:34:03
technological strata and well, let's put it this way01:34:06
differences between them when01:34:09
zones are localized between them01:34:11
no technology migration Yes in01:34:14
due to objective reasons01:34:16
and I have a corresponding question01:34:20
Isn't this related to your point of view?01:34:23
directly with concentration effect01:34:25
capital which01:34:27
as you grow01:34:30
division of labor processes are present01:34:33
Both in capitalist and in01:34:37
socialist society and01:34:39
accordingly the same effect01:34:41
which we saw in the Soviet Union01:34:44
in a capitalist society We also01:34:47
we observe01:34:48
How does this effect affect01:34:54
the phenomenon of marketability and actually some01:34:58
ways to overcome it from your point of view01:35:00
vision01:35:03
perhaps we were talking about the concept of the Academician01:35:06
Eremenko who spoke about different01:35:08
technical levels are just there01:35:13
perennial01:35:16
different priorities in01:35:19
development of individual industries they became01:35:23
lead to the fact that there began01:35:24
separate technologies will be created01:35:27
Because if any one industry01:35:30
knows for certain what is of high quality01:35:32
metal will not be given, then its engineers are still01:35:35
design stage01:35:38
cars01:35:40
sharpened for low-quality metal01:35:42
because they know that well, obviously01:35:45
it's useless, you won't get it anyway01:35:47
I mean this is really a limitation01:35:48
overflow of capital to but it’s not like that01:35:51
called but simply01:35:52
Soviet capital flow system01:35:55
were in order if there01:35:58
there is an order of priorities and yes01:36:02
It turns out that some industries are simply01:36:04
already using the Soviet planned01:36:06
system as a lever and using01:36:10
some kind of grooved party that01:36:11
can't pull them start01:36:15
to benefit personally from an already planned01:36:19
systems because they put it on themselves01:36:21
service Is there any way to overcome this?01:36:25
from your point of view the answer is the same as01:36:28
to the second point of your first question01:36:32
Well there is no final solution01:36:35
it's more openness and more participation01:36:39
in the management of the wider state01:36:43
masses of people because the narrower01:36:45
it's all the more easier to do around here01:36:47
there to chemistry just like the controllers01:36:50
usually they go in twos of threes to01:36:51
it was harder to give a bribe01:36:54
thank you for the lecture01:36:57
she imagines the future like this01:36:58
in a positive way this is what we need today01:37:01
so you really liked the example about01:37:05
twenty percent 80 percent When01:37:07
the plane will already work, I imagined01:37:10
even how it will be calculated not in a year01:37:12
and every few seconds, that is,01:37:14
a little bit at once and it becomes immediately01:37:17
calmer question You are so positive01:37:21
told What is your attitude towards01:37:24
rational system which is already01:37:26
built and we simply offer it to everyone01:37:28
and everyone gets their own benefits from this and01:37:31
actually then I don’t know any01:37:33
revolutions, no thrashings, we just live in01:37:36
peace and grace, that is, such a system01:37:38
we understand what is your attitude towards me01:37:42
Unfortunately I don’t believe in what’s possible01:37:45
technological progress without01:37:47
social change go to01:37:49
socialism because the system we01:37:52
we offer in the end anyway01:37:54
This is a system about the redistribution of benefits01:37:57
any groups of people if they have01:38:01
you propose to redistribute the benefits even01:38:03
if you tell me it will be fair01:38:05
useful for society and so on and so forth01:38:07
I'm afraid they will be like this01:38:09
resist Ron for this reason01:38:11
I'm a little skeptical about that part01:38:14
Techno optimists who say that once01:38:16
computers have matured to detailed01:38:19
planning, then everyone just needs this01:38:21
to explain and the capitalists themselves mean01:38:23
they will understand that But it’s better and without01:38:27
any revolutions That is, unfortunately01:38:28
here I am You said that my performance01:38:31
optimistic but01:38:32
In some ways I'm more of a pessimist01:38:34
because I am some representative01:38:37
there's big business there01:38:39
had the opportunity to observe close01:38:41
distances and these are the people who01:38:44
in my opinion, they are absolutely not ready to share01:38:46
so it seems to me that this is a positive thing01:38:50
what are we saying that this system is01:38:53
partially already created That is, it has already01:38:55
it works you can here01:38:57
scan the code on the bottles to find out Yes01:38:59
who made your milk and what would it be like01:39:02
counter path01:39:03
And the technical part has been created But this01:39:07
does not cancel out what is needed at all01:39:09
public will to01:39:11
use technology correctly01:39:14
Unfortunately, today's lectures01:39:17
I was very hooked on the plot with the build01:39:19
the trust that built01:39:20
hydroelectric power station past the state plan01:39:24
there is not 10 more shorts01:39:26
released and built this01:39:29
fundamental construction began01:39:32
build then it is a centralized resource01:39:34
needed them started on their own01:39:36
already completed for the state Well, yes01:39:39
started and I have a feeling that people01:39:44
who made this decision01:39:47
guided by01:39:49
desire to earn money They do nothing at all01:39:52
were not afraid, that is, they were not afraid that they01:39:55
will be punished and I'm interested in what01:39:56
this story is over01:40:01
that is, I wonder how much01:40:03
Gosplan was a big stick as far as01:40:05
They were actively used in different01:40:08
periods of the USSR01:40:10
how well did it work that is01:40:12
have any criminal cases been opened?01:40:14
such pranks Thank you this is very cool01:40:17
question I will first recommend to everyone01:40:19
Soviet film just so you don't01:40:21
thought I was telling you fairy tales here01:40:24
Well, in general, here is Soviet cinema in it01:40:26
in fact you can find a lot of examples01:40:28
which show how01:40:31
I actually found a job, the movie is called01:40:33
in my opinion on a wild brig or on or on01:40:38
I’ll explain in Siberian now01:40:43
was built not only the Praskaya but also01:40:45
Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station as head01:40:47
the construction of this Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station was01:40:49
I think Bochkin is his last name. If you are his01:40:53
you can find a Wikipedia article about him there01:40:56
footnote will be the exact title of the film01:40:58
because the film is kind of artistic but01:41:00
everyone involved understood what we were talking about01:41:03
you will watch this film, it is also about01:41:06
construction of hydroelectric power station and there is01:41:08
Divine episode I'll spend two more01:41:10
minutes to tell you I hope01:41:12
you won't mind the next episode01:41:15
This means that a hydroelectric power station means flooding the adjacent01:41:19
territories and local peasants are not happy01:41:23
that their village will be flooded and they write01:41:25
letters from the Supreme Council stating that01:41:27
Stop the construction, it's working there01:41:29
another test there is wrong, not Bratsk system01:41:32
and Krasnoyarsk gasstroy01:41:35
who wants01:41:37
these peasants have already reached there01:41:39
Supreme Council and this Bochkin01:41:42
they call you to Moscow for a showdown after all01:41:44
the real volume of flooding is clear01:41:46
how many people need to be resettled in total?01:41:49
resolve the issue at a high level01:41:51
flies away returns everyone meets him01:41:54
right at the airport there in Krasnoyarsk01:41:58
because everyone has to worry and right with01:42:01
airport they ask him Well, so do they01:42:04
says I was able to do my best01:42:06
possible I passed the question up to the authorities01:42:09
they will sort it out for another two months01:42:13
your task is to get big in these two months01:42:16
construction another 10 million then it’s for sure01:42:19
won't be canceled01:42:23
this is a Soviet film that was shown on01:42:25
Soviet television01:42:28
but returning to when Gostlan01:42:31
was the strongest it can be watched01:42:34
just by01:42:35
What positions did the chairman have?01:42:37
State Plan except for the Chairman of the Gas Plan01:42:39
This too will not discover America most strongly01:42:42
gas plan in my opinion was01:42:43
Voznesensk until the moment when01:42:46
as far as I understand just01:42:49
there is Stalin or Stalin’s entourage01:42:52
decided that the gas plan had become something01:42:54
too strong because Voznesensky01:42:57
was in addition to being the chairman01:43:00
gas plan He was01:43:02
first deputy chairman01:43:04
government, that is, in our opinion now01:43:06
this is the Deputy Prime Minister and he is brazen about it01:43:08
used it because he called01:43:10
people's commissars on the carpet not as chairman01:43:12
gas plan as first deputy chairman and fought01:43:16
like the Siberian region what they didn’t like01:43:18
second moment Voznesensky came into gas01:43:21
plan from the control authorities and he these01:43:24
He transferred the control habits there01:43:25
created an institute01:43:27
local inspectors authorized gas01:43:30
plan I made videos about them because01:43:32
unfortunately there is very little about them01:43:34
material on prime numbers there are rollers01:43:37
I hope that maybe someday01:43:39
after all, the article will appear there on01:43:43
a little bureaucratic reasons01:43:44
stuck but I think it's all the same01:43:47
sooner or later I will publish these too01:43:50
plenipotentiaries were appointed01:43:53
Voznesensky managed to appoint01:43:56
not the gas plan but the Council of Ministers by force01:44:00
that I was appointed by the council of ministers01:44:02
the representatives could go everywhere and01:44:05
get to the bottom of everyone and it was their own01:44:08
personal eyes and ears eyes on the ground01:44:11
in order to01:44:14
second point01:44:16
Voznesensky trained the representatives01:44:19
they had he called it wrestling01:44:22
signaling what he meant he01:44:25
said: You wrote to me01:44:27
analyzed what is not being done somewhere01:44:30
the plan is of course wonderful but you are there01:44:32
damn sit still, you know the situation01:44:35
write what you personally did to01:44:39
prevent this from happening, that is, what should I do?01:44:41
just write Let's be active01:44:43
work and the authorized began01:44:46
engage in such local optimization01:44:49
they agreed among themselves01:44:51
enterprises of various industries that are in01:44:54
The Soviet industrial system is often a friend01:44:56
they didn't notice their friend when the war started01:44:59
They were looking for sites for evacuees01:45:02
they helped establish enterprises01:45:04
intersectoral connections in a new place term01:45:07
urgently In general, they led a bunch01:45:09
useful activity but it turned out that01:45:12
Yes, that is, I grew a plan for myself01:45:14
full-fledged control apparatus01:45:16
parallel to all other apparatus01:45:18
subordinate to no one and headed01:45:22
authorized representatives had direct access to01:45:24
Voznesenskaya and a bunch of de01:45:27
multicast plan enemy when he is a department01:45:30
gas plan sets tasks according to notes01:45:32
authorized That is, authorized01:45:34
they told him what was happening in reality01:45:36
and he then distributed tasks to the gas department01:45:39
check the plan there, sort it out, report back01:45:41
and definitely later if there are any01:45:44
departments ignored him, he is already sitting down01:45:47
subordinate dramas that is01:45:50
the plenipotentiary stood very highly and this01:45:53
the institute was liquidated together01:45:55
removal of Voznesensky from work and purge01:45:58
gas plan which started at forty01:46:00
ninth year01:46:02
I think it was made from RIA Na01:46:05
my opinion because it worked01:46:07
an unpleasant situation when the gas plan01:46:09
I was simply left without my eyes, ears and01:46:13
accordingly it is much worse to evaluate01:46:16
when they just hang noodles on his ears01:46:19
Besides01:46:21
was the third consecutive chairman of gas01:46:24
plan which was shot before01:46:26
they shot Merlok and Smirnov I01:46:29
subsequent gas plan chairman if01:46:32
talk like a boy, we tried not to raise any trouble01:46:34
climb because well, these are some very01:46:36
such thick hints that are even very01:46:41
not very clear01:46:45
easy to understand01:46:49
there was an episode when the gas plan was cut into01:46:52
two parts were sawn into two several times01:46:55
the part I'm talking about was 5501:46:59
there were gas plans Goskon Commission01:47:01
And then for the first time the chairman01:47:04
one of these two bodies was appointed01:47:06
Baibakov and when Khrushchev01:47:09
said that it is necessary to make an anxotherapy01:47:13
reform of the fighters was one of those who01:47:15
dared to object to him and say that he didn’t01:47:19
no need to do this no need to change01:47:20
sectoral management principle and Baibakov01:47:23
went to Krasnodar Narkhoz several times01:47:26
spent years in the Krasnodar People's Commissariat until01:47:29
that means Khrushchev was not removed, Baibakov was not01:47:31
returned and not scheduled again01:47:32
chairman of the gas plan but after that01:47:34
he kept his opinions to himself01:47:37
therefore, long-term training01:47:39
chairmen of the gas plan led to01:47:41
what the state plan has become01:47:43
exclusively by the executive body01:47:45
who was doing what he tried01:47:48
political leadership's wishes01:47:50
somehow land on the real01:47:54
economic opportunities and gas plan01:47:56
I wrote regularly that there was no plan01:47:59
Ministries are being fulfilled there01:48:03
construction is delayed and so on and so forth01:48:05
similar a bunch of literature from the gasplan fund01:48:08
postponed But here's how to call on the carpet01:48:11
Voznesensky did and arranged01:48:13
Bobakov's head was not there01:48:16
no administrative capabilities visible01:48:18
character because this is the lesson01:48:21
drew his conclusions from the other side01:48:24
Voznesensky should not have died until 50 years old01:48:27
2008 So I can't judge him01:48:31
Thanks for this, I really liked it01:48:35
solution with gradient with training But01:48:38
the question is Is it really01:48:41
a solution will help overcome contradictions01:48:45
closest to the core of the problem of marketability01:48:47
or will only allow it to be softened Why01:48:50
I'm talking about this Well, you said that01:48:53
there is a contradiction between the manufacturer and01:48:55
consumer between producers01:48:56
of different degrees and consisting in01:48:59
what the manufacturer only needs to get01:49:00
reward And then the Final01:49:03
the result is not important but01:49:05
this whole system and information01:49:07
support But support system01:49:09
information system and01:49:11
it still maintains insurance01:49:14
the original relationship of what01:49:16
the manufacturer needs to receive01:49:18
reward just just needed01:49:21
do it later and I think it might01:49:25
lead to problems for both01:49:28
Manipulations on the part of the manufacturer01:49:30
and from the consumer side Well, for example01:49:32
if we produce let's say pots in01:49:36
at some point01:49:37
good steel began to go there for new ones01:49:40
machine tools or military equipment A on the pan01:49:43
we began to spend only quality steel01:49:46
worse consumer can just say01:49:48
that these pots are no good01:49:49
They fall apart after six months and01:49:51
stop taking them And of course we01:49:54
We can try to explain to the consumer01:49:56
that we can't do better now But01:49:58
then we have an element in the system01:50:00
who is responsible for the final01:50:02
Making a decision and we come to the same01:50:04
the very situation that happened with the signatures on01:50:06
delivery of unfinished houses That's basically my01:50:09
The question is whether this change will allow01:50:12
really eliminate the contradiction or01:50:14
just soften it up thank you thank you for01:50:17
the question is very important because you01:50:19
actually thought out a little bit what I didn’t01:50:22
managed to prove it because really01:50:25
if we give producers the opportunity01:50:28
control production ourselves01:50:30
chains but we don't give these chains01:50:33
reconfigure then saved01:50:37
and like the one they just brought up about that01:50:39
Well, it’s like high-quality steel, it’s there01:50:42
the decision of the gas plan of the Politburo01:50:45
anyway, she doesn’t fit in this one at all01:50:47
industry and this industry For all that01:50:49
desire cannot produce high-quality01:50:52
product therefore really If by any chance01:50:54
such a tool will be created then01:50:56
having said a it will be necessary to say b and it is necessary01:50:59
will give citizens the opportunity01:51:02
participate directly in01:51:04
determining the direction of economic01:51:06
politics so that there is no such thing01:51:09
costs Well, some kind of barrier and at the micro level01:51:13
you can kind of improve01:51:15
production chains starting from01:51:17
at some level you push against the barrier and01:51:20
you can't jump over it so01:51:22
in fact I tell me this idea again01:51:25
like not only the accounting point01:51:27
in terms of but from the point of view of change in01:51:29
heads because it contains very01:51:31
big potential01:51:33
involving workers in management and01:51:36
overall in my picture of a bright future I01:51:39
I can imagine the situation01:51:40
electronic voting not for individuals01:51:44
there Ivan Ivanovich Ivan Petrovich And for01:51:47
direction of economic policy01:51:48
it is clear that there are details that must01:51:53
specialists study but within01:51:57
possible I believe that it is necessary to give01:51:59
directly to the people themselves first01:52:01
train them and secondly give them01:52:03
opportunity to vote for direction01:52:06
development, well, there's a classic, there's guns01:52:08
instead of butter or there I don’t know guns01:52:12
instead of jeans or there are guns instead01:52:14
guns01:52:15
or there is support from our allies01:52:18
to the whole world instead01:52:20
I don't know, jeans or whatever01:52:23
that is, you can think about how to do it but01:52:25
you can actually clean it up here01:52:29
barrier that you said. Therefore, if01:52:31
people will have the opportunity to control01:52:33
production chains in terms of01:52:36
this mutual control so that01:52:37
came to01:52:39
final production01:52:41
of course a useful product then of course And01:52:45
will need to be given along with this01:52:47
the ability to not only control01:52:50
existing production chains01:52:52
recreate new ones, that is01:52:54
directly participate in01:52:56
definition01:52:57
economic life of society and01:53:00
actually as far as I understand01:53:01
socialism is about this01:53:04
Thanks for the question01:53:06
in addition to production01:53:09
seventies would like to recommend01:53:11
set of stories from 1933 by Ivan Vadimovich01:53:15
people at the level there are really the same01:53:17
problems are shown from the outside01:53:19
leader and purely negative01:53:20
key but nevertheless and actually01:53:22
question01:53:24
in your opinion how01:53:27
consumer consumer let's say01:53:30
goods Well, that is, an ordinary person01:53:32
should signal problems01:53:35
consumption Well, that is a little question about01:53:40
plan Well we are considering the situation When01:53:43
we do not have01:53:44
there is no overproduction of goods01:53:46
situations when there are several01:53:47
goods with very close consumer01:53:49
accordingly, a person does not have a cost01:53:51
choice01:53:53
do not consume this particular product01:53:56
he needs accordingly from On my01:53:59
a look at the possible options01:54:00
alarm remains only01:54:03
some reviews reactions responsible01:54:06
citizens who will report but01:54:08
I would like to hear your opinion, thank you01:54:10
that is, we have several products01:54:12
which are all bad01:54:14
Well, yes, in addition to price feedback, we01:54:18
there is no price accordingly01:54:20
you can write letters to newspapers you can sting01:54:24
along the Soviet party line you can01:54:27
write straight as if01:54:31
directly to the enterprise and I think01:54:34
that you can use some things01:54:37
like kickstarter when first01:54:40
it says what we want to do01:54:42
products with such properties01:54:45
then applications are collected for which01:54:47
number of people needed only after01:54:49
this is where production begins, that is, in01:54:51
In this regard, it seems to me that production is01:54:53
pre-orders have good01:54:55
potential especially if we are talking about01:54:59
directly consumer01:55:00
properties because there is no, for example, in your01:55:03
time to dig up one grandfather who01:55:05
worked in gas plan in the seventies01:55:08
also on the topic of deficit and it can be seen01:55:11
it was that he and I were a little on different01:55:13
we speak in tongues because he says that01:55:14
you're asking me about styles there01:55:18
fashionable And that was not my thing at all01:55:20
My task was to have fabrics01:55:21
enough for sewing and what kind of them do they sew?01:55:25
it’s like there’s a studio there themselves01:55:27
they decide and it seems to me that it’s similar here01:55:29
yes if you have a set of sources and01:55:32
for some customized one01:55:35
production then mix what you need there01:55:38
fashionable paint shade from basic colors01:55:40
or tailor it according to what is fashionable at the moment01:55:43
point in time to the style, provided that01:55:45
you have fabric Well, not so complicated01:55:48
the task can be laid there, well,01:55:50
progress, that is, today is like this01:55:52
The style was ordered for this edge tomorrow01:55:54
another style was ordered on a different edge01:55:57
That's why01:55:59
old solution which01:56:01
again I spied it in a Soviet film01:56:03
Hum I mention him often01:56:07
because I think it's interesting01:56:09
film '54 Gum and it was suggested there01:56:14
fill out a dissatisfied card01:56:16
demand That is, if you need01:56:19
some shirt that is not at all01:56:22
found you can just in words01:56:24
describe what you need and think cards01:56:27
sent to the factory to the factory01:56:29
understood but didn’t guess at random01:56:31
busting But specifically what are people01:56:34
order this shirt there or this one01:56:36
a shirt or something else, that is, we again01:56:39
we come to the conclusion that they have technical01:56:40
there were no funds But the idea was approximately01:56:42
side developed then it seems to me01:56:45
such a set but again I think01:56:47
implementation of this matter there is much01:56:50
they'll come up with the most01:56:52
I'm like a worker all my life yes01:56:54
so this question has always been Well01:56:58
The dictatorship of the proletariat was later abolished01:57:00
as if it was like that Yes, our moment01:57:02
stories But how can workers with a plan01:57:04
generally interact, that is, organs01:57:07
workers' control trade unions I'm just already01:57:09
heard all the answers to the question that01:57:10
I wanted to ask so I have another question01:57:13
labor control bodies trade unions all01:57:16
Yes, now you’re talking about01:57:18
electronic voting I also heard01:57:19
such ideas public funding01:57:21
for example yes the like so here you are to me01:57:23
how high are the full-time scientists? Tell me if01:57:25
In general, there is no point in these ideas and will not happen01:57:27
Will something like this be allowed again if01:57:29
we will try again that they are again01:57:31
suddenly everything suddenly stops01:57:32
work you believe it is possible01:57:34
generally some kind of mechanism that will connect01:57:36
and worker and producer and consumer01:57:39
because they are still a little different01:57:41
these are the things that will connect everyone like this01:57:43
way because today we are already01:57:45
returned more than once to the flywheel of repression01:57:47
back and forth issues of control if at all01:57:49
there are possible you at least believe in01:57:52
such a mechanism that will somehow connect01:57:53
economically that without repression and without01:57:55
market I not only believe because I try it01:57:58
invent therefore but Yes I understand your01:58:02
skepticism about what01:58:07
7 socialist ideas they grew out of01:58:10
the fact that people existing in society01:58:13
the line is propped up and now we can say that01:58:16
Well, I don't like skydiving01:58:19
I don't like the uncomfortable parachute01:58:21
may not open, but if the plane is already01:58:23
falls then you generally don’t have much01:58:25
options, you will either definitely crash or01:58:27
you might crash, so if you01:58:30
as a worker No, it’s like nothing anywhere01:58:32
doesn’t press Well, maybe it really is like that01:58:34
it wouldn't be worth doing this but01:58:36
there are a number of bells indicating that01:58:41
existing uh social relations01:58:44
there are a number of extremely unpleasant side effects01:58:47
effects and which will probably only be01:58:50
intensify in this case too, it seems to me01:58:52
it's very good to have a parachute because01:58:54
when you are already in a falling plane then01:58:56
it's a little late to decide the parachute, so01:58:58
my answer is probably this01:59:02
I hope so much01:59:04
it is better to participate in development so that01:59:07
is a parachute more reliable was a question on topic01:59:10
recalculation of economic effect01:59:12
after the fact what should I do about it first01:59:16
I thought there was a problem here01:59:18
only when there is some kind of economic01:59:20
damage even when there are economic01:59:23
positive economic effect if01:59:25
they produced a combine harvester that doubled01:59:27
more effective than the previous one it was given in01:59:30
collective farm on the collective farm at the same time01:59:31
applied some new scheme01:59:33
labor organization ultimately turned out to be01:59:35
double effect products question Who01:59:37
giving bonuses to the collective farm means that01:59:39
the combine is the same and the whole effect is due to01:59:42
their circuits, the factory says they work like this01:59:44
earlier01:59:46
the whole effect is due to this product itself01:59:49
new01:59:50
that is, exactly the same problem If01:59:52
it is necessary to take into account the economic effect on01:59:54
who should I separate it from? I have one like this01:59:57
the idea appeared, is there a way out here?01:59:59
so as not to02:00:01
transfer to a separate enterprise02:00:03
some kind of responsibility Well, let it through02:00:05
these are the percentages of deductions in02:00:08
insurance fund Because you yourself02:00:10
they gave an example there of getting the recipient drunk02:00:13
economic damage can be caused02:00:15
that he will not even cover with all the profit02:00:18
which received all the products02:00:21
enterprise if they released it there02:00:22
something that is 10 times more expensive and at the same time02:00:25
only twice as effective02:00:27
it is clear that the economic damage is02:00:28
more than the total cost of this02:00:30
products and enterprise cannot be taken02:00:33
enough to cover this damage no02:00:37
or the way out is to make this damage seem02:00:40
spread throughout the industry through02:00:41
syndicate system for this recalculation02:00:46
carried out on the initiative of the syndicate02:00:49
host Well, for example there02:00:51
Agricultural products02:00:53
Agricultural syndicate which02:00:55
organizes collective farms state farms He will02:00:58
initiator of efficiency recalculation02:01:00
there are tractors and combines02:01:02
agricultural machinery and at the level02:01:04
syndicate syndicate they are already among themselves02:01:07
agree because the syndicate02:01:09
syndicate they are already on the same page02:01:11
level No there will be no confrontation02:01:13
someone more successful enterprise02:01:15
which can push let02:01:17
ineffective but its a solution02:01:19
in front of, well, a lagging enterprise02:01:22
which seems to be trying to do something02:01:23
better but can't take anyone there02:01:26
kebabs Thank you good question I will note02:01:30
that another question has arisen in this matter02:01:32
a way to protect consumers02:01:34
consumer association of some kind02:01:36
associations in this case syndicate if02:01:38
this is an industrial consumer but it is possible02:01:41
imagine and just associations02:01:42
consumers who would have more weight02:01:47
for such a negotiation process02:01:51
and you understand here in a conversation with02:01:55
indicator with a syndicate is probably possible02:01:58
imagine how this would work too02:02:01
But I would like it to be saved02:02:04
understanding a specific worker is not easy02:02:07
that he did some work and then he02:02:10
the syndicate there gives everyone a raise so that02:02:14
preserved this is immediate02:02:16
connection I repeat I imagine02:02:19
some mobile application with these02:02:21
production chains where possible02:02:23
here is a directly animated one to see how the product02:02:25
moved and how it turned into the final02:02:28
products and what happened to them02:02:31
then in order to still be preserved02:02:34
understanding because if you are human02:02:36
you give a bonus for something unknown02:02:39
you’re rewarding someone for something I don’t understand02:02:42
you don't change a person's mind02:02:44
attitude towards what he does, that is02:02:47
need to be saved02:02:50
this direct connection is the same02:02:53
the most why I don't like it02:02:54
restoring equilibrium through rising prices02:02:56
because rising prices punish everyone02:02:58
the same so maybe it can02:03:02
occur and the relationships between there02:03:05
syndicates or ministries there but02:03:08
I think it’s important not to lose this02:03:12
here is an understanding that is specific02:03:13
the worker hears that if I02:03:16
paid more for what you paid for02:03:18
less then also for what because it02:03:21
important [applause]02:03:25
[music]02:03:26
[applause]Description:
История хозяйствования в СССР - одна из сложнейших тем для настоящего экономического исследования. Тем не менее, именно эта тема является кладезем эмпирических знаний о проблемах становления социалистического способа производства. В нашей лекции с Алексеем Сафроновым попробуем осветить некоторые из них, а точнее - явные проблемы поздней советской экономики. По его мнению, они вызывались существованием в СССР своеобразной формы товарного производства, при которой сохранялся преимущественно частный характер присвоения, но закон стоимости уже не работал как мерило общественно необходимых затрат труда. В результате предприятия заботились не о конечном («полезный эффект» у потребителя), а о промежуточном результате производства («сдать объект») и стремились повышать цены на новую технику в большей степени, относительно роста её полезных свойств. Алексей представил свое видение — как на базе современных компьютерных технологий можно было бы перейти от вознаграждения за промежуточные результаты к вознаграждению за конечные результаты производства. Это имело бы важное значение в переходе от товарного к непосредственно-общественному производству — экономической основе социализма, а затем и коммунизма. ❗Присоединяйтесь к нам в соцсетях:❗ 🚩 Наш Telegram - https://t.me/krasnoby 🚩 Наш Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/krasno_by 🚩 Наш VK - https://vk.com/bel_krasnoby 🚩 Наш Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/belarus.kras... 🚩 Наш Twitter - https://twitter.com/krasno_by ❗АНКЕТЫ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ХОЧЕТ В КРУЖКИ!❗ 🚩Белорусам (КрасноBY): Гугл-форма - https://forms.gle/4Xcx5nhffhLhGdkk8 🚩Россиянам ( Вектор ): Гугл-форма - https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FA... 🚩Украинцам ( РФУ): Телеграм-бот - https://t.me/rfu_feedback_bot 🚩Казахстанцам ( Красная Юрта): Гугл-форма - https://forms.gle/o7eLGw7NCor6TQPd8 🚩Товарищам из Узбекистана: Гугл-форма - https://forms.gle/Po5aKpMLomfQMomW8 ❗Если вы из другой страны, или по другим причинам не можете заниматься оффлайн - всё равно записывайтесь! У каждого кружка есть онлайн-группы для дистанционных занятий! #СССР #Беларусь #КрасноBY
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How can I download "История экономики СССР и пути преодоления товарности. Алексей Сафронов с @PN_chanel" video?
http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.
Which format of "История экономики СССР и пути преодоления товарности. Алексей Сафронов с @PN_chanel" video should I choose?
The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.
Why does my computer freeze when loading a "История экономики СССР и пути преодоления товарности. Алексей Сафронов с @PN_chanel" video?
The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.
How can I download "История экономики СССР и пути преодоления товарности. Алексей Сафронов с @PN_chanel" video to my phone?
You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "История экономики СССР и пути преодоления товарности. Алексей Сафронов с @PN_chanel"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "История экономики СССР и пути преодоления товарности. Алексей Сафронов с @PN_chanel"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.