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Russian
00:00:15
Hello everyone, you are on the planet Earth channel. And today00:00:18
we will talk about Sable. What do we know about him.00:00:21
Some people know00:00:25
that this is such an animal, others will say that00:00:29
it is a bird, others will say that this is a00:00:33
gazelle ;00:00:37
head seems complete game. And only residents00:00:40
from the Urals to the Pacific coast from childhood00:00:43
know firsthand what kind of animal it is. And in order to expand00:00:47
the range of those who know about sable at times and, God forbid, reduce00:00:51
the range of the latter, let's talk about it today.00:00:55
Go…. Sable (Martes zibellina) is a dexterous00:00:57
and strong animal, a representative of the weasel family.00:01:00
This animal is found in Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia,00:01:05
Japan and North Korea. Inhabits coniferous Siberian00:01:09
forests and the European northeast, crosses the Ural00:01:13
Mountains to the west. The distribution area is located in the Altai Mountains00:01:18
and the Western Sayan Mountains. predator is found on Sakhalin. In Mongolia00:01:23
, it is distributed in the north-west of the country, around the lake. Khubsugul.00:01:27
In Transbaikalia, where the most severe sharply continental00:01:30
climate. In eastern Kazakhstan, it inhabits the basins of the00:01:34
Uba and Bukhtarma rivers. In China, there is in the north in the mountains of Southern00:01:38
Altai, in the northeast of the country - in the province of Heilongjiang,00:01:43
as well as on the Changbaishan plateau.00:01:45
Our Representative of the marten family likes to settle in00:01:48
cedar forests, on mountain slopes, where there is a cedar00:01:51
stlan. It is here that many rodents are attracted by the00:01:54
abundance of food - pine nuts. A fluffy handsome man00:01:58
can live in mountainous and flat taiga, where he prefers00:02:01
windfalls, blockages of deadwood. The animal lives, but is found00:02:05
much less frequently in small-leaved forests, along clearings and burnt areas,00:02:09
marshy places. On the Kamchatka Peninsula, it settles in groves of00:02:12
stone birch, in alder and cedar elfin. In the mountains00:02:16
it can rise to the level of subalpine forests.00:02:19
It leads a sedentary solitary lifestyle in the selected00:02:23
area, in case of danger it can move to other00:02:26
territories. The closest relative of the sable, and this is a genus of martens00:02:29
- forest and stone martens, and the beautiful Kharza. Of course, there00:02:34
is also a relative from America, the American00:02:37
marten, and a relative from Japan, the Japanese sable,00:02:41
but about them next time, and today we have Sable.00:02:44
The body of the sable is elongated, slender and flexible. In length00:02:49
, these predators grow up to 40-60 centimeters and weigh00:02:52
about 2 kilograms. Male sables are usually larger than00:02:56
females. A strongly fluffy tail is one third00:02:58
of the animal's body length. The handsome man's head is00:03:01
wedge-shaped and visually looks large. The muzzle00:03:04
of the animal is pointed, the ears are triangular in shape00:03:08
, large, with a wide base, the neck is long and thin.00:03:11
The paws of the sable are wide in shape, but relatively short,00:03:15
and therefore the back of the animal has a characteristic arch.00:03:19
The color of the sable is variable and depends on the season, as well as00:03:22
on the region of habitat. The molting of the animals ends00:03:25
in mid-October - the sables change their skin to a winter one.00:03:28
In general, scientists distinguish about 17 varieties of00:03:32
sables, which have not only different colors, but also different00:03:36
sizes. The Barguzin species is found on the eastern00:03:39
shores of Lake Baikal. The barguzin sable has a rich black color of the00:03:42
skin, soft and silky fur, followed by the characteristic00:03:46
dark color of the Yakut (Martes zibellina jakutensis) and Kamchatka00:03:49
(Martes zibellina kamtshadalica) fur. . Subspecies distributed00:03:50
in other areas are distinguished by lighter shades00:03:54
of wool. For example, Sakhalin (Martes zibellina sahalinensis), Yenisei00:03:56
(Martes zibellina yenisejensis) and Sayan (Martes zibellina sajanensis) have00:03:58
coarser and shorter fur. In nature, they say there is00:04:01
also a white sable. The animal lives in the impenetrable taiga. But00:04:06
this is rather an exception to the rule or an albino, or maybe00:04:09
someone confuses him with an ermine. But you can’t show, you can’t prove00:04:14
you didn’t see it, and who saw it, write comments.00:04:17
And no matter what color the sable would be, all his brothers and00:04:20
he himself are predators. Sable food is varied.00:04:24
In addition to small mammals and birds, which make up00:04:28
the main part of its diet, sable00:04:31
also eats plant foods in large quantities - berries, pine00:04:36
nuts, mountain ash. A small but strong predator,00:04:38
sable, in contrast to the closest species - the pine marten - leads00:04:41
an almost exclusively terrestrial lifestyle and00:04:44
climbs trees only occasionally. Therefore, it also obtains food for itself00:04:48
on the ground. He catches small mouse-like, chipmunks,00:04:51
moles, pikas, hiding and watching,00:04:54
like our cats. At a time when the ground is covered with snow, the00:04:58
sable, smelling a mouse or a vole, dives into the snow with such speed00:05:02
that the prey rarely leaves it.00:05:05
Larger animals, such as hares, the sable00:05:07
stubbornly and carefully hides or watches on the trail.00:05:11
With two or three quick jumps, he overtakes the victim and quickly00:05:15
kills her; if the attack is unsuccessful, then the sable rarely00:05:19
pursues the hare. In winter, when food00:05:22
is not easy to get, these predators feed on carrion.00:05:25
If an animal with valuable fur lives near a large00:05:28
river, in the summer it usually waits for fish to spawn. These predatory00:05:32
mammals do not know how to fish, but00:05:36
they will not refuse prey thrown ashore. An incredibly tasty delicacy00:05:40
for all sables is honey. When an animal finds00:05:43
a bee hollow, over time it will definitely empty00:05:47
it and eat not only honey, but also the bees themselves.00:05:50
We find out that they climb trees well, not perfectly00:05:54
like a marten, but they can jump from one to another closely00:05:57
located tree. Also, Sables are not excellent00:06:01
swimmers, and therefore they try to avoid water. But00:06:04
these animals have well-developed hearing and sense of smell,00:06:08
they smell prey even under a thick layer of snow. The eyesight00:06:12
of sables is weak, and the voice resembles that of a cat. And00:06:15
with the endurance of the sable, everything is in order.00:06:18
In search of food, the sable runs about 3-4 kilometers a day.00:06:22
In winter, this distance can increase up to 10 kilometers.00:06:25
In lean years, even in summer, sables have to00:06:28
run 10 to 20 kilometers to find suitable00:06:33
food. Sables mark their territory,00:06:35
within which they hunt for a long00:06:38
period of time. If there is enough food in the selected area,00:06:42
predators find shelter and equip several00:06:45
temporary holes. In permanent dwellings, they survive the00:06:49
winter and raise offspring. Sables00:06:52
do not dig shelters on their own, but find suitable holes and settle00:06:56
there. Predators arrange a shelter00:06:59
in the crevices of rocks and hollows of fallen old trees,00:07:02
they use voids under the roots. Inside00:07:05
, sables line their dwelling with dry leaves or grass; the toilet is00:07:08
arranged separately from the main nesting chamber,00:07:12
but close enough to the burrow.00:07:13
These animals do not care too much00:07:16
about hiding their own home from prying eyes , often their location00:07:19
gives out a huge number of paw prints. An individual00:07:22
sable plot can occupy an area from 150 to 2000 hectares.00:07:28
In addition to the breeding season, these predatory mammals00:07:31
lead a solitary lifestyle. In winter, the animals move00:07:35
under the snow, they may not come to the surface for weeks.00:07:38
In the thickness of the snow, sables make long tunnels, specially00:07:42
dig approaches to their shelters. Thanks to their wide paws00:07:45
, they easily walk on loose snow. If00:07:49
another predator hunts for the animal, saving its skin, the sable00:07:52
will specially run away along difficult paths.00:07:56
The predator has two main food competitors - ermine00:08:00
and columns. It is with them that the sable has to share00:08:03
mouse-like rodents. If in the process of hunting the animal00:08:06
meets one of the competitors, it can even00:08:09
leave the prey in wait to deal00:08:12
with the unwanted neighbor, and the sable has a00:08:16
short conversation with them. But with whom00:08:18
our sable cannot agree is with a bear, a wolf, a fox, a lynx, an arctic fox,00:08:23
a wolverine, a tiger and with his relative a harza, why00:08:27
you ask - the answer did not come out on the surface of growth, it is his00:08:31
direct enemies. Of the birds, the00:08:35
white-tailed eagle also attacks small young animals; golden eagle;00:08:38
crow; goshawk; sparrow hawk; gray00:08:43
owl; hawk owl. As always. The main00:08:46
risk group among sables includes young individuals and old animals that00:08:50
have lost their former speed of movement.00:08:53
They can fall prey to almost any00:08:55
predator larger than them. Well, who survived and grew00:08:59
up to multiply. The false rut in sables begins00:09:02
in February-March, but mating takes place00:09:05
in June-July. During this period,00:09:08
Sable is a very temperamental animal, and if several00:09:11
males claim one female at once, fierce00:09:15
fights occur. As a result, the winning sable moves away with the female away00:09:18
from the rivals. Yes, and fights with the female also happen often.00:09:22
But that's their business. Yes, and not before. The female needs to00:09:26
prepare a nest. Sable females arrange00:09:29
nesting shelters for the birth of babies in stone placers, in hollows00:09:33
of low standing and fallen trees, under the roots of shrubs,00:09:37
sometimes in earthen burrows. Inside, the expectant mother lines00:09:40
the nest with soft grass, moss or hay, the hair of eaten00:09:44
rodents. Pregnancy of females is characterized by00:09:46
a long phase of development, and lasts up to about 10 months.00:09:50
From 1 to 7 puppies or kittens or00:09:55
sables are born in the litter, whichever is more convenient for you, usually 3-4. Babies are born00:09:58
blind, weigh about 30 grams with a body length of up to 12 centimeters.00:10:04
The eyes of small sables open on the 30-35th day, the00:10:07
ears - a little earlier. Up to about 2 months, the mother00:10:10
feeds sable cubs with breast milk, and already at the00:10:13
age of two months, the cubs begin to try adult food.00:10:17
Babies are growing fast. Mom often takes grown-up sable cubs00:10:20
with her to teach them to get food on their own.00:10:23
Mom can catch a vole or a mouse, strangle00:10:26
it a little and give it to the joy of the kids for hunting.00:10:29
The female boldly protects her babies in case of danger00:10:32
and can even attack a dog that is00:10:35
close to the nesting shelter. In case the litter has been00:10:38
disturbed, a caring mother transfers the cubs00:10:42
to another nest. At the end of summer, when the female00:10:44
begins the next rut, the brood breaks up and each00:10:48
sable begins to lead an independent life, and in the wild00:10:51
, sables live on average up to 15 years, if, of course, they are00:10:54
lucky. After all, as always, his life is directly00:10:58
connected with a person in whatever remote taiga00:11:00
our handsome man lives. Back in the 19th century, sables lived00:11:04
on the territory from the Pacific Ocean to Scandinavia,00:11:06
but today these animals are not found in Europe.00:11:09
Due to intensive hunting in the 20th century, the number and range00:11:13
of distribution of sables has significantly decreased.00:11:16
Thick, silky and beautiful sable fur is00:11:19
highly valued. It is sometimes referred to as "soft gold". Luxurious fur coats and hats are sewn from sable00:11:22
skins.00:11:25
Just 200 years ago, sable hunting was00:11:28
about 200,000 individuals per year. As a result of predatory00:11:32
extermination, the animal with valuable fur was on the verge of00:11:35
extinction. In an attempt to preserve the number of these animals00:11:39
in the wild, special conservation measures have been taken.00:11:42
For a while, hunting for sables was completely banned, predators00:11:45
began to be bred in reserves and resettled in their original00:11:49
territories. As a result of such measures, it was possible to slightly00:11:51
restore the population. Today, hunting for sables00:11:54
is allowed only with licenses. Also, these animals with valuable00:11:58
fur are bred on fur farms. After all, sable fur is one of00:12:02
the most expensive in the world. But some people are not so00:12:05
terrible in their greed and have them as00:12:08
pets. Sables are easily tamed00:12:10
and quickly get used to people. However00:12:13
, only those animals that are grown by a person00:12:16
from almost a blind age or raised by a tame female00:12:19
become absolutely tame . These beautiful animals are very00:12:23
active both during the transition period and during the rut,00:12:26
and this is a rather long period, in fact, and can00:12:29
show aggression. And more or less calm only in winter.00:12:33
And, in fact, his house is still not a human dwelling, but the vast00:12:37
expanses of Eastern Eurasia. Where you need not to entertain00:12:40
your two-legged master, but to repair terrible showdowns00:12:43
with an ermine and a column. Watch, listen, write,00:12:48
subscribe. Don't forget to like and share00:12:51
this video with your friends, it really helps promotion.00:12:55
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