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Table of contents
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Table of contents

0:00
Становление Монгольской империи
4:35
Поход Джэбэ и Субэдэя
7:01
Русские князья выступают на Калку
10:21
Битва на р. Калке
15:12
Отход Субэдэя в Монголию
16:28
Подготовка к Западному походу
19:58
Разгром Волжской Булгарии
21:37
Русские княжества накануне нашествия
22:47
Вторжение Батыя в Рязанское княжество
25:12
Разорение Рязани Батыем
28:58
Битва под Коломной
33:01
Покорение Москвы
34:44
Взятие Владимира
40:30
Разорение Северо-Восточной Руси
43:50
Битва на р. Сити
46:24
Осада Торжка
48:56
Осада Козельска
52:08
Усобица в Южной Руси
54:20
Монголы возвращаются на Русь
58:52
Взятие Киева
1:03:13
Покорение Галицко-Волынского княжества
1:07:30
Последствия нашествия
Video tags
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Video tags

монгольское нашествие на русь
татаро-монголы
древняя русь
маховик истории
золотая орда
батый
батыево нашествие на русь
военная история
анимированная история
история на карте
битва на калке
чингисхан
половцы
джэбэ
субэдэй
1223
1206
даниил волынский
1236
1237
рязань
разорение рязани
битва под коломной
взятие владимира
осада владимира
битва на сити
осада козельска
1238
разорение киева
киевское княжество
1239
1240
битва
сражение
завоевания монголов
татаромонголы
монгольскоенашествие
древняярусь
средневековье
военнаяистория
история
накарте
образование
Subtitles
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Subtitles

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00:00:12
[music]
00:00:16
at the end of the 12th century, the numerous
00:00:20
Mongolian tribes roaming the
00:00:22
vast expanses of Central Asia
00:00:24
began the process of the emergence of early
00:00:27
statehood, which took place in an
00:00:30
extremely brutal internecine struggle
00:00:33
between the Kiril and Toms, the
00:00:35
Tatars and other tribes, the
00:00:39
victory in this bloody war was won by
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one of the Mongol khans, Timur Jin
00:00:45
consistently defeated her
00:00:48
rivals and united
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all the Mongol tribes under his command in
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1206 at the kurultai of the Mongol khans and at
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Yon Timur Jin was proclaimed
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Great Khan and received a new name
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Genghis Khan leading the Mongol
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Empire Genghis Khan carried out a radical
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military reform during which
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one Of the best armies in the world,
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this army, which became the mainstay of
00:01:19
Genghis Khan's power, had excellent combat training, the strictest
00:01:23
discipline, as well as a clearly
00:01:26
established structure, the
00:01:29
most important element of the Mongols' weapons
00:01:32
remained the bow, a universal weapon of the
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steppe war.
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In addition, the Mongols' weapons included
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a copy with iron hooks for pulling the
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enemy from a horse; crooked sabers and
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short axes, each Mongol warrior
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carried at least three horses, which in
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turn ensured constant
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combat readiness and high mobility of the
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Mongol army under his command,
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Genghis Khan gathered from 100 to 130 thousand
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horsemen, a
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force equal to which at that time did
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not exist in the world for 15 years since
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In 1207, the
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Mongols subjugated vast
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territories,
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including the Tungus kingdom of northern
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China as well as the crocs of the Don Khanate
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everywhere. The Mongol invasion
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was accompanied by the devastation of local
00:02:26
residents, the
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destruction of cities and the removal of the population into
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slavery. The invaders sought to undermine the
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productive forces in the conquered
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countries and thereby deprive their inhabitants of the
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opportunity to resist the following on the
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way of the Mongols lay Harris, or as it is
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commonly called in historical
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literature, the
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state of the Khorezmshahs, a powerful power
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that by that time was experiencing
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political and cultural prosperity, however,
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Shah Charisma Ala ad-Din Muhammad 2 chose the
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wrong military tactics to fight the
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invaders instead of meeting the
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Mongols in In a decisive clash,
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he divided his troops and distributed them
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among large cities, this decision
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turned out to be a disaster since the Mongols,
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by that time experts in siege warfare,
00:03:20
easily took one Khorezm city
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after another Otrar Tashkent Samarkand
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Urgench and other large cities were
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subjected to brutal massacres, the Mongols
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killed everyone except artisans whom
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they took into slavery Muhammad 2, in
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the hope of organizing resistance
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to the Mongols, fled to the territory of Persia,
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the task of catching the Shah, Genghis Khan entrusted
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his best military leader with
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jabs and soup, the idea of ​​which was transferred to
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30 thousand selected Mongol warriors in the
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space from Nishapur, and then Ray the
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commander staged a real roundup
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which, however, less ended in failure,
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Muhammad managed to elude his
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pursuers and took refuge on the island of
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Ashur Ada,
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where he soon died of pneumonia,
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it would seem that the jabez mission at Bed was over,
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however, Genghis Khan did not stop the
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campaign of the Mongol corps, but sent
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it further to the west.
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about the
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peoples living west of the Caspian
00:04:34
Sea, reaching the southern Caucasus in 1221.
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and subd and plundered the cities of
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Shirvan and Georgia, the hordes of Belyashi Makha the
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Mongols took by storm and then inflicted a
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crushing defeat on the troops of the
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Georgian king George 4 in the battle of the
00:05:05
Central State Security. The Mongol corps spent the winter in Lugansk, after which they fought through the large Caucasian pass and reached the North Caucasus plain,
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local Alan residents agreed with the
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Polovtsians, who were nomadic in the pre-Caucasian steppes, about a joint action
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against the conquerors; the
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first clash ended in a draw,
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after which the Mongols
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resorted to cunning; they bribed the Polovtsian
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leaders; the Arab author, for the
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laser says that the Mongols let the
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Polovtsians know, you and I are of the same kind, and
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these Alans his relatives to me so that you help them
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their religion is not similar to yours we give you
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promises not to touch you and we will give you
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as much money as you want for clothes
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if you do not interfere between us
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and them the
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Cumans believed the Mongols and, having received the
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promised gifts, left the united
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army, but the Mongols defeated The Alans betrayed
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their promise and attacked the Polovtsians who did not expect
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it. Suddenly, all the southern Russian
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steppes became the scene of a bloody
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confrontation in which the Polovtsians
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suffered one defeat after another
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in numerous steppe clashes.
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Two Polovtsian khans, who were related
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to the Russian princes
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Yuri Konchaka Vich and Danila K Byaka, were also killed. HIV
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remnants and Hordes fled in panic to the west
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Jedi judges continued the pursuit of the
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Cumans and eventually reached the
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Crimean peninsula here the Mongols
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made contact with one of the
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Venetian trading posts
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in exchange for eliminating their trading
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rival city sucdem the Venetians
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provided the Mongol commanders with
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valuable information about the geography of Europe and
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the states located on its
00:07:00
territory, but while db from convinced were negotiating with
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the Venetians, the
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Polovtsian Khan Kotyan court u and vich
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requested military assistance from his capture of the
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Galician prince together words together
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words vich and successful,
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pointing out to him that the threat of a Mongol invasion also loomed over Russia
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his
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appeal to together again the Polovtsians
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reinforced with large gifts, in turn the
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Galician prince took the initiative and
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convened a princely congress in Kiev to
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discuss the issue of a campaign against the
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Mongols at the congress the visible
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princes of southern Russia gathered
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together becoming Romanovich of Kiev,
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nicknamed the old one, together becoming Svyatoslavich of
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Chernigov Daniil Romanovich Volyn
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and other princes decided that it was better to
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meet the enemy on foreign soil
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than on their own, and in a few weeks
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they assembled a large collection army, the
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basis of which was their own
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squads and city regiments of southern Russian
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cities; the army was joined by detachments of
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Polovtsy and also wanderers of the nomadic
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people living south of Kiev
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to take part in the campaign The
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Vladimir-Suzdal prince Yuri
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Vsevolodovich also promised,
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he sent a detachment of Rostovites led by
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his nephew Vasilko
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Konstantinovich,
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but he did not make it by the appointed time.
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In various historical sources, accurate
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data on the number of the Russian Polovtsian
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army are either completely absent or
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are prohibitively inflated, so
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this question is still remains the
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subject of a long-standing scientific discussion,
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modern Russian history graph and it is generally accepted
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that the coalition army
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numbered
00:08:47
15-18 thousand soldiers; they had to
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fight with the 20
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thousand Mongol corps, which had already suffered losses, which
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still retained iron discipline and,
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unlike the Russian Polovtsian army,
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had a unified command approximately in the
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middle April 1223, the military detachments of
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all the Russian princes and Polovtsian khans
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gathered in a single camp at the mouth of the
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Trubezh River from where they immediately moved along the
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Dnieper rapids, having learned about the beginning of
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this campaign,
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Mongol ambassadors arrived to the Russian princes and
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tried to convince the Russian
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princes to stop the
00:09:26
military campaign they had begun and refuse help
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Polovtsian khans, however, the Russian princes,
00:09:32
succumbing to the persuasion of the allied Polovtsians,
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killed the Mongol ambassadors,
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which made a colossal mistake for the
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Mongols, the ambassador’s personality was sacred and an
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attempt on his life was
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necessarily punishable by blood feud.
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Having crossed to the left bank of the Dnieper, the Russian and
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Polovtsian warriors
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defeated the vanguard of the Mongols and
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put them to flight However, this
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victory did not unite the participants in the campaign
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and further aggravated internal
00:10:01
conflicts. The Russian troops did not have a
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single command, while the Grand
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Duke Mstislav, the old by right of
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seniority, the
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nominal head of the campaign turned out to be a weak
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leader. The army was divided into several
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opposing groups,
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each of which marched separately from others,
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moving further to the east and not observing the
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main forces of the enemy, the
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Russian Polovtsian yelled at the end of May
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1223, came to the bank of the Kolka River, the
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Chernigov Smolensk and Kiev
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squads settled down for the night in
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camps significantly spaced from
00:10:40
each other at this place, the Romanovich
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of Kiev managed to occupy the rocky
00:10:45
hills and organize there the fortified
00:10:48
camp, in turn, together with the love of Udatny and Daniil of
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Volyn,
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without notifying the other princes, moved
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their squads to attack the reconnaissance
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detachment of the Mongols, the
00:11:02
Russian regiments that appeared near the crossing over the Kalka River in a short time overtook
00:11:04
the nomads who, unable to
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hold back the onslaught of the cavalry squad,
00:11:09
began to hastily retreat to the
00:11:11
opposite bank of the river, it would seem that the
00:11:15
enemy was defeated again, it was
00:11:17
time to return to the main forces, however,
00:11:20
the princes, inspired by the successful outcome of the
00:11:22
skirmish, made a
00:11:23
fatal decision without informing the
00:11:26
other princes about their actions miss this love
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& daniele, together with the Polovtsians,
00:11:31
they forced the cutting right along the river stretching towards the crossing
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and began the chaotic pursuit of the
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retreating Mongolian scouts,
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inspired by success, did not even
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suspect that the Mongolian horsemen
00:11:45
were luring them into a trap, suddenly, instead of a
00:11:49
reconnaissance detachment, the
00:11:50
Russian Polovtsian horsemen encountered the
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main forces of the Mongolian corps,
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which jabs and judges decisively threw
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into battle against the
00:11:59
stunned allies; the first blow of the
00:12:02
Mongolian forces fell on the marching in the
00:12:05
vanguard of the Polovtsians, demoralized by a
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more than triple numerical superiority of the
00:12:09
enemy, the Polovtsians were unable to repel the
00:12:12
onslaught of the Mongol horsemen and after
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some time they fled,
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setting up the battle formations of the
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Russians who were only approaching the battlefield,
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taking advantage of the confusion in the ranks of the
00:12:25
Volyn warriors, the Mongols struck
00:12:28
their next blow on them
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only after some time time to help
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Volyn and we were approached together by Slav shock troops
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with city sticks, the lack of
00:12:38
coordination among the Russian princes and their
00:12:40
Polovtsian allies led to the fact that the
00:12:42
squad entered into battle in turns, this
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made them an easy target for the Mongol
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horsemen, who transmitted the
00:12:51
sounds of enemy shelling and ramming blows
00:12:53
heavy coffee cavalry
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however, it
00:12:58
was more difficult to break the resistance of the princely squads than their Polovtsian
00:13:01
allies Ignatiev, the sky chronicle brought
00:13:03
to us a
00:13:04
vivid description of the military exploits of Daniil
00:13:06
Romanovich, who fought the
00:13:09
Mongols with steadfastness despite the wound he received; however, the
00:13:12
forces were too unequal, having suffered
00:13:16
serious losses and being under the threat of
00:13:18
complete encirclement, all Russian regiments
00:13:20
gradually turned back the
00:13:23
Mongols were able to direct the bulk of those fleeing in the
00:13:26
direction of those who had just completed the crossing,
00:13:28
there are together the words of the Chernigovsky, the stampede that
00:13:31
formed at the crossing, the
00:13:33
Chernigov prince died and his regiments
00:13:36
were crushed and almost completely
00:13:37
destroyed, Daniil Romanovich and the place of
00:13:41
glory of the shock were
00:13:42
more fortunate, taking advantage of the general
00:13:45
turmoil,
00:13:46
they fled from the battlefield leaving their
00:13:49
squads
00:13:50
to the mercy of fate, the battle ended in a
00:13:52
crushing defeat of the
00:13:54
Russian Polovtsian forces, including due to the
00:13:57
reluctance of the Kievsky
00:13:59
to leave their fortified camp,
00:14:01
realizing that the assault would entail
00:14:03
heavy losses. Jebs and fates
00:14:06
sent part of their troops in pursuit of the
00:14:09
warriors who survived the battle
00:14:11
the rest were ordered to maintain the siege of the
00:14:14
camp, exhausting the Kievans with constant
00:14:17
shelling from bows for three days. The
00:14:20
Kiev army bravely fought off the
00:14:22
advancing Mongols and surrendered only after
00:14:25
the leader of the Brodniks, Ploskina, sent from the BDM,
00:14:27
swore on the cross
00:14:30
that if the Russians laid down their arms,
00:14:32
none of them would be killed by Agnes. and you will be
00:14:35
released home for a ransom Russian
00:14:39
wars moved out of the camp against the Mongols in
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revenge for the death of their ambassadors, they despised the
00:14:44
oath and killed the Kiev regiment of the
00:14:47
captured Russian princes and governors,
00:14:50
including the place of the words of Romanovich, the Mongols
00:14:53
strangled them by putting them under the boards on which the
00:14:56
Mongol commanders sat down
00:14:59
to feast the total losses of both sides in
00:15:02
the battle are not known for sure and Russian
00:15:04
chronicles indicate that only one
00:15:07
tenth of the Russian army survived,
00:15:09
which is most likely an exaggeration.
00:15:12
After the victory at Kalka, the Mongols invaded the
00:15:14
territory of Russia and reached almost
00:15:17
Kiev, but upon learning of the arrival of
00:15:20
Vladimir regiments in Chernigov led by Cornflower of
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Rostov, they abandoned their
00:15:25
previous plans, having ravaged the steppe nomads and
00:15:28
plundered the border Russian lands, the
00:15:42
Mongols headed to the Volga Bulgaria. In the fight against them, the Bulgarians used the same methods of retreat, flight and organization of ambushes of which the Mongols themselves were masters; however, apparently the victories turned their heads with
00:15:46
guessing
00:15:47
from the Samara bow the Mongols were completely
00:15:50
defeated; according to the words of Eban alla Siro,
00:15:53
only about 4,000 people survived; this small
00:15:57
detachment hastily descended the Volga and
00:15:59
went home to the Mongolian steppe.
00:16:03
The battle on the Kalka demonstrated the complete
00:16:05
inability of the disunited Russian princes
00:16:08
to cope even with the
00:16:09
Mongol reconnaissance corps in Russia; however, they
00:16:12
forgot about it relatively quickly
00:16:14
a battle that was a big mistake,
00:16:17
after 14 years,
00:16:21
not just a reconnaissance corps, but a
00:16:23
real invading army would approach the Russian lands
00:16:30
[music]
00:16:34
after the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, a
00:16:38
congress of the Mongol nobility was required to
00:16:40
approve his successor in the administration of the
00:16:42
vast empire,
00:16:44
he became the 3rd eldest son of Genghis Khan,
00:16:46
guess who
00:16:47
accepted in 1229, the
00:16:51
title of Great Khan, he continued his
00:16:55
father’s policy of expanding the lands dependent on
00:16:58
the Mongols and creating a world
00:17:01
empire; one of the priorities
00:17:04
was the campaign to Europe,
00:17:07
Genghis Khan himself did not have time to complete it, so it
00:17:10
was assumed that this would be
00:17:11
carried out by his heirs, the Genghisids,
00:17:14
to whom he allocated an ulus during his lifetime
00:17:17
allotment designed to provide them
00:17:20
economically and militarily to the
00:17:22
youngest son Taluya about the long-standing Mongolian
00:17:26
tradition and the ancestral lands were in
00:17:28
central and western Mongolia, the second
00:17:31
son of Genghis Khan Chagatai received the area
00:17:34
along the river or
00:17:35
populated throws me guess became the
00:17:38
owner of Dzungaria and the regions of the upper
00:17:42
Irtysh Ulka na got possessions in
00:17:46
Iran and older than her husband, Jochi's son,
00:17:49
called to lead the further
00:17:51
Mongol expansion, Genghis Khan allocated the
00:17:53
region
00:17:54
west of the northern Irtysh and cut the lower reaches of the
00:17:57
Amu Darya and Syr Darya as well as the
00:18:00
Polovtsian steppes north of the Aral
00:18:02
Sea,
00:18:03
however, Jochi died before the death of
00:18:05
Genghis Khan as a result of a conspiracy, his
00:18:08
father's ulus was inherited by Jochi's son Batu
00:18:11
known in Russian chronicles as Bate
00:18:14
from the end of 1200 in the 20s, he began to actively
00:18:18
prepare for the western march
00:18:22
on his own, the Juchi ulus could field a
00:18:25
small army of four thousand
00:18:28
horsemen, although later this number
00:18:30
increased at the expense of the conquered peoples, it
00:18:33
remained clearly insufficient for a
00:18:35
long march for reinforcements
00:18:39
Batu's army ordered the entire bite of the
00:18:41
Mongol Empire to
00:18:42
send some of the soldiers to help him in the
00:18:45
offensive in Europe,
00:18:48
many of the prince Genghisids were involved personally, in
00:18:50
addition to Batu, who formally
00:18:53
led the campaign, the sons of Guess
00:18:55
glitch and Kadar took part in it, the grandson of
00:18:59
something storm, the
00:19:00
sons interpreting mingw and butchik a also, the
00:19:05
youngest son of Genghis Khan himself,
00:19:06
Vulkan, individual units in
00:19:10
Batu’s army were led by the most prominent
00:19:12
commanders of their time, teeth d and who
00:19:14
served as Batu’s closest adviser,
00:19:17
Jeby, together with the BDM, defeated the Shi
00:19:21
and the Russian Polovtsian army in the battle of
00:19:23
Kalka, as well as the young and talented
00:19:26
Temnik Burundai
00:19:28
under the command of these incredibly experienced
00:19:31
military leaders gathered a large
00:19:33
army; modern researchers
00:19:35
estimate Batu’s army at approximately 50–60
00:19:39
thousand soldiers; however, the army almost never remained in such a composition;
00:19:44
individual detachments were constantly on the
00:19:46
move; they
00:19:47
did not stagnate in one place; making
00:19:49
deep raids behind enemy lines, the
00:19:53
leader of the western campaign constantly
00:19:55
had not more than forty thousand
00:19:56
horsemen in 1236, this army reached the
00:20:01
borders of the Volga Bulgaria of the
00:20:03
Muslim state in the middle
00:20:05
Volga region,
00:20:06
whose troops 13 years ago were able to
00:20:09
inflict a
00:20:12
serious defeat on the retreating mu corps, however, the experience of military
00:20:16
operations against the Mongols did not help
00:20:18
the Bulgars much, despite preparations for the
00:20:20
invasion. also the organized and
00:20:23
consolidated defense of the country and their
00:20:26
resistance was broken almost
00:20:28
instantly throughout the winter of 1236
00:20:32
and 37, the Mongol army spent in
00:20:36
Bulgaria, subjecting the country to complete
00:20:39
devastation, the ancient Bulgarian capital,
00:20:43
the city of the Bulgars, the inhabitants left even before the
00:20:46
approach of the invaders who betrayed and
00:20:50
other large ones were heard by fire
00:20:53
cities, including a billion Suvar and Juki,
00:20:57
then at
00:20:59
this time another part of the Mongol
00:21:01
army struck at the tribes of the
00:21:03
Mari and Mordovians, as well as the still
00:21:06
nomadic Polovtsians in the steppes, none of them
00:21:09
had the opportunity to resist the large
00:21:10
Mongol army
00:21:13
in a short time, the resistance of the Polovtsians
00:21:16
was broken
00:21:17
and the Mari and the Mordvins for the most part
00:21:20
recognized the overlord and grandfather of the Mongol khans. At the
00:21:23
end of the victorious campaign of 1237, the
00:21:28
Mongol army again gathered
00:21:30
together
00:21:31
from preparing for the invasion of the territory of the
00:21:34
Russian principalities on the eve of the Mongol
00:21:39
invasion. The general mobilization
00:21:42
potential of Russia was small, given that the
00:21:45
most powerful princes of
00:21:47
southern Russia were able to bring up to 15,000
00:21:51
people in total, Russia could not field
00:21:54
more than 40 thousand professional warriors,
00:21:56
but it was impossible to gather such an army in one place
00:21:58
since Russia was in a
00:22:01
state of
00:22:02
political fragmentation; the territory of the
00:22:05
country was divided between 13
00:22:07
independent principalities, each of
00:22:10
which also achieved a
00:22:14
single military reserve for smaller destinies Russia did not
00:22:17
exist, the princes independently led the
00:22:19
actions of their squads, perfectly
00:22:22
equipped but small in number and not
00:22:24
adapted to large-scale war, the
00:22:28
feudal worldview of the prince
00:22:30
pursuing their personal interests, as
00:22:33
well as their mutual distrust, did not allow them
00:22:36
to unite in the face of a mortal
00:22:39
threat,
00:22:40
each principality was forced to
00:22:43
resist the conqueror with their
00:22:45
own forces, stopping in
00:22:49
nozzle and a small border town in
00:22:52
November 1237, Batu sent to
00:22:56
the Russians quite loyally and an embassy,
00:22:58
supposedly in order to avoid unnecessary
00:23:01
bloodshed, Batu’s ambassadors offered
00:23:04
peace to the Ryazan people in exchange for tithes, that is, the
00:23:08
payment of a tenth of the income as a
00:23:11
tributary. Ryazan at that time was a
00:23:14
vassal dependence of the Vladimir
00:23:16
principality and could not independently
00:23:19
make foreign policy decisions,
00:23:21
therefore,
00:23:23
an embassy was sent to the Vladimir prince Yuri Vsevolodovich
00:23:26
with requests for help and intercession,
00:23:29
however, the Vladimir prince
00:23:32
ignored the embassy, ​​after which the Ryazan
00:23:34
Murom princes gathered for a council.
00:23:37
Ryazan prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, wanting to
00:23:41
delay the inevitable clash with
00:23:43
the Mongols, sent insert Bate's
00:23:46
own embassy, ​​headed by his
00:23:49
son Fyodor, Fyodor is not an experienced
00:23:52
negotiator, the
00:23:53
mission the embassy failed the story of the
00:23:56
ruin of Ryazan by Batu connects this with
00:24:00
Fyodor's categorical refusal to give
00:24:02
Batu his wife, the princess, and in proxy you,
00:24:05
be that as it may, insert Khan Fedor was
00:24:09
killed
00:24:10
in response to it was in mid-December
00:24:14
1237 that Yuri told them and Vich led the
00:24:16
coalition troops of the Ryazan and
00:24:18
Murom principalities and 2, numbering
00:24:21
two to three thousand people, to the Voronezh River
00:24:24
to fight the invaders, who no longer
00:24:27
hid my aggressive
00:24:28
intentions, the Russian regiments gave a desperate
00:24:32
battle to the Mongols, but in the end were
00:24:35
swept away by Mongol forces many times superior to
00:24:38
them, so that almost
00:24:40
none of the Russians escaped alive after
00:24:44
the events on the Voronezh River.
00:24:46
Batu received a completely legitimate reason
00:24:49
to invade Ryazan territory. In a
00:24:52
few days, the Mongols plundered the
00:24:54
countryside
00:24:55
and also took small towns such as
00:24:57
France Belgorod and is famous only
00:25:01
After this, having ravaged the district for many
00:25:05
kilometers around, on
00:25:06
December 16, 1237, Batu approached the
00:25:11
capital of the principality of Ryazan and being the
00:25:15
capital of a large and strong principality,
00:25:18
Ryazan was well fortified on three
00:25:21
sides. Old Ryazan was surrounded by ramparts and ditches,
00:25:24
and the fourth side was covered by the
00:25:26
natural steepness of the river bank except for the
00:25:30
outer rampart. Old Ryazan had an
00:25:33
internal rampart
00:25:34
that could also become a cover for the
00:25:36
defenders;
00:25:38
powerful wooden walls located on the
00:25:40
crest of the earthen ramparts
00:25:42
complemented the picture of the fortification of the city. In the
00:25:47
city, Prince Yuri
00:25:49
January Vich took refuge with the remnants of his squad,
00:25:51
which, after a decisive defeat in
00:25:53
the battle on the Voronezh River,
00:25:57
could no longer provide serious resistance There were few professional military men among
00:26:00
the defenders, but
00:26:02
despite this, no one surrendered the capital of the principality without a fight,
00:26:06
having battered the forces of the
00:26:09
Mongol vanguard with an unexpected
00:26:11
attack,
00:26:12
the defenders of Ryazan returned
00:26:14
to the city and locked themselves inside the city
00:26:16
walls, Batu’s troops, in turn,
00:26:19
surrounded the city from all sides and set up a
00:26:21
siege camp, however long the
00:26:24
Mongols did not plan to siege the city, they
00:26:26
were supposed to take the city by storm with the help of
00:26:28
siege machines that
00:26:31
Chinese engineers made for the conquerors for
00:26:35
5 days from December 16 to 20, the Mongols
00:26:40
stormed the Ryazan
00:26:42
defensive structures without stopping, all
00:26:45
siege and offensive devices
00:26:48
then known in Eurasia, such as
00:26:50
Greek fire, stone throwers, were in progress sides and
00:26:54
assault ladders, the large number of
00:26:58
Mongols allowed them to rotate the
00:27:00
assault units
00:27:02
with the goal of not weakening the onslaught even for a second; the
00:27:05
small garrison of
00:27:08
Ryazan did not have such opportunities on the morning of
00:27:12
December 21, on the sixth day of the siege, the Mongols
00:27:16
began a general assault on the city, planning to
00:27:19
end the protracted siege with one blow;
00:27:23
continuous military operations constant
00:27:26
shelling from bows and stone throwers so
00:27:28
exhausted the garrison of the fortress that they
00:27:31
were no longer able to
00:27:32
defend themselves effectively; the Mongols easily broke
00:27:35
into Ryazan through gaps in the city wall,
00:27:37
sweeping away the remaining defenders of the city; a large-
00:27:40
scale massacre followed in the city,
00:27:43
most of the population including the
00:27:46
princely family of priests, women and
00:27:49
children the houses were killed, the wife of the church was
00:27:53
looted, the
00:27:54
altar was looted and desecrated to this day, archaeologists have
00:27:57
recorded on the territory of old Ryazan
00:27:59
a large number of collective graves
00:28:02
of that time,
00:28:03
treasures and a thick layer of fire,
00:28:06
the city actually ended its
00:28:09
existence and, having turned into a
00:28:12
world filled with piles, the
00:28:13
watchman of the ruins soon descended to the level of strength
00:28:18
after the capture of Ryazan, the rest of the territory of the
00:28:21
principality was also devastated, the
00:28:24
most populated areas along the banks of the
00:28:26
Oka River were traversed by the Mongols with fire and
00:28:30
sword, like Ryazan, many settlements in these
00:28:34
places ceased to exist, in
00:28:37
turn, Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir
00:28:40
hoped that this
00:28:42
would end the invasion and the Mongols, having plundered the
00:28:45
border territories, would turn back to
00:28:48
the steppe, however, in this he was deeply
00:28:50
mistaken, the invasion
00:28:53
had just begun
00:28:55
[music]
00:29:04
at first, Yuri Vsevolodovich
00:29:06
believed that the Mongols did not pose a
00:29:08
serious threat to his principality,
00:29:11
believing that large-scale military
00:29:13
preparations would not be required; the prince
00:29:17
placed only a guard detachment of
00:29:20
two or three on the border of his lands near the column thousands of horsemen under the
00:29:22
command of the governor
00:29:24
Eremey Glebovich refused to help
00:29:27
cut Yuri was guided by simple
00:29:30
arguments, he believed that the Mongols, like
00:29:33
other nomads before them, would plunder the
00:29:35
border territories and they would
00:29:38
move deep into Russia; in this he was deeply
00:29:41
mistaken, it was his principality that was the
00:29:45
main goal of the company of 1237-38 at the
00:29:51
same time, the Mongols specifically chose the winter
00:29:53
period for conducting military operations;
00:29:55
all the swamps were frozen and the armies could
00:29:58
move quite quickly along river beds
00:30:01
where the snow cover was much
00:30:03
less, the Mongols themselves, their horses did not
00:30:06
experience any big problems due to the cold
00:30:09
in their native Mongolia,
00:30:11
the climate was also distinguished by its severity
00:30:15
as soon as Yuri realized that
00:30:17
the conquerors were continuing their movement
00:30:19
along the Aka, he gathered large forces at the column, the
00:30:23
composition of his army, in addition to the guard
00:30:26
detachment, you and water and Rome entered the city regiments of the column and
00:30:29
Moscow, the squad of the
00:30:32
Kolomna prince Roman named after 2 Revich,
00:30:34
as well as the Vladimir regiment itself, the
00:30:37
main forces of the principality under the leadership of the
00:30:40
body before Yurevich, the price of the Prince of Vladimir, the
00:30:43
number of Russian regiments under the columns is not
00:30:45
known exactly, but most likely
00:30:48
Vsevolod had no more than
00:30:50
eight thousand professional fighters at hand; the
00:30:52
army did not place the columns behind the walls,
00:30:55
but placed them outside. Prince
00:30:59
Vsevolod, Eimi Glebovich, prepared
00:31:01
to give the Mongols a
00:31:02
field battle, for which they were even
00:31:05
built overcuts beveled palisade
00:31:08
designed to limit the actions of the
00:31:11
cavalry On
00:31:12
January 1, 1238, the stake did not approach the
00:31:16
main forces of Batu, who were
00:31:18
much superior to the Vladimir
00:31:21
regiments in number, there was no long-term
00:31:23
preparation for battle in Vladimir you
00:31:26
and the waters
00:31:27
decided to overturn the enemy troops with a swift attack,
00:31:31
bristling with spears, the Russian squads
00:31:33
dealt a crushing blow to the
00:31:35
Mongol As a unit of the first line, the
00:31:37
lightly armed Mongol horsemen
00:31:40
were defenseless against the onslaught of the heavy
00:31:42
coffee cavalry and immediately suffered
00:31:45
serious losses; however, the Russian squads were
00:31:48
still unable to turn
00:31:56
their opponents away; the high discipline of the Mongols and the large number of their army played a role; the battle
00:31:59
entered a static stage, but it did not
00:32:02
become less During the fierce course of the
00:32:05
bloody cavalry battle, the
00:32:07
Mongols managed to kill most of the
00:32:10
Russian commanders, including the governor
00:32:12
Jeremiah Glebovich and the Kolomna prince
00:32:15
Roman January Vich, and the Russian wars also did
00:32:19
not remain in debt, the
00:32:20
warriors partly killed, partly
00:32:22
put to flight a detachment of kulka on the
00:32:25
youngest son of Genghis Khan, after which
00:32:28
they got to the very the commander and killed,
00:32:32
however, this was just a local
00:32:35
success; fresh Mongol units constantly appeared on the battlefield,
00:32:40
which eventually pushed the remnants of the
00:32:43
Russian forces back to the front and ultimately
00:32:46
dealt with them only to a small
00:32:49
city beam from Moscow and also a
00:32:52
prince in all harmony with a small detachment
00:32:54
managed to retreat from the battlefield, the rest of the
00:32:56
Russian regiments were almost completely
00:32:58
killed
00:33:01
after the battle at the column, Prince Vsevolod
00:33:04
arrived in Vladimir and informed his father about what
00:33:06
had happened, the collapse of Yuri’s long-term
00:33:09
political line was obvious, the most
00:33:12
powerful Russian principality
00:33:15
was not prepared for the fight against
00:33:17
its most dangerous opponents, sending
00:33:22
those at hand troops in Kolomna, the
00:33:24
Grand Duke repeated the mistake of the Ryazans,
00:33:27
left the
00:33:30
internal regions of the principality practically defenseless, gathering a new
00:33:34
army required time,
00:33:35
which the father was not
00:33:38
going to provide, and yet Yuri decided to
00:33:41
continue the fight, he
00:33:42
went north through Rostov and
00:33:45
Raz Laval and
00:33:46
Uglich beyond the Volga, where he organized a military
00:33:49
camp on the river
00:33:52
wars from the entire region of Vladimir itself were supposed to flock to him there,
00:33:56
he left part of the remaining troops
00:33:59
led by his sons
00:34:00
Vsevolod and Mstislav, meanwhile the
00:34:05
Angolans also did not waste time without
00:34:07
stopping at the column, the Mongol
00:34:10
army moved deep into the
00:34:12
principality of Vladimir already on January 15,
00:34:15
the Mongols approached Moscow a small,
00:34:18
well-fortified city, the
00:34:20
defense of Moscow was led by Vladimir
00:34:22
Yuryevich, the
00:34:23
youngest son of the Vladimir prince a year
00:34:26
earlier, who had received Moscow as an
00:34:28
appanage reign from his father only after a
00:34:31
five-day garden, the Mongols were able to storm the
00:34:34
city during the assault, Vladimir Yuryevich was captured, the
00:34:38
Mongols subjected Moscow to ruin and
00:34:40
headed to the capital of the principality
00:34:42
Vladimir still had salvation from the Mongols in
00:34:46
Vladimir, the population of the nearest district flocked to Vladimir,
00:34:48
demoralized by rumors about the terrible
00:34:51
power of the conquerors, the townspeople could
00:34:54
only hope for the city’s fortification system,
00:34:56
indeed
00:34:58
Vladimir, surrounded by new walls with
00:35:01
powerful stone towers above the gate,
00:35:04
was a strong fortress
00:35:06
from the south, it was covered by the Klyazma River from the
00:35:09
east and north the lybid river with
00:35:11
steep banks and ravines 3
00:35:15
defensive lines the
00:35:17
enemy had to overcome
00:35:18
in order to break through to the center of the city the ramparts and
00:35:21
walls of the new city the
00:35:22
ramparts of truth of the cave city and finally the
00:35:26
stone wall of detinets the
00:35:28
far end of vladimir ham was also surrounded by fortifications
00:35:31
the city a number of
00:35:34
stone churches and monasteries within the city
00:35:36
cities could serve as
00:35:38
additional strongholds for the
00:35:40
defenders, Batu approached Vladimir on
00:35:44
February 4 from the most vulnerable side of
00:35:47
the west, where a
00:35:49
straight bullet lay in front of the Golden Gate. The Mongol detachment, seeing
00:35:53
in front of them
00:35:55
Prince Vladimir Yuryevich, captured during the defeat of Moscow,
00:35:57
appeared in front of the Golden Gate and
00:36:00
demanded the voluntary surrender of the city
00:36:03
upon hearing refusal, the Mongols killed Vladimir
00:36:07
Yuryevich in front of his brothers, part of the
00:36:10
Mongol detachments traveled around
00:36:12
the city inspecting the fortifications and most importantly the bt
00:36:15
forces camped in front of the
00:36:17
Golden Gate and began building
00:36:19
siege engines, the siege began,
00:36:24
however, the assault on Vladimir was preceded by
00:36:27
the defeat of the city of Suzdal by the Mongol detachment,
00:36:28
which Bate believed could
00:36:32
be used by Yuri Vsevolodovich
00:36:34
as a stronghold for a counterattack,
00:36:38
left almost without defenders and
00:36:41
deprived of its
00:36:43
main cover of water borders due to the winter time,
00:36:46
Suzdal was taken by the Mongols outright, the
00:36:49
city was plundered is so schon its
00:36:52
population was killed or captured,
00:36:54
settlements and
00:36:57
monasteries in the vicinity of the city were also destroyed on
00:37:00
February 6 The Mongol detachment that defeated
00:37:02
Suzdal had already returned to Vladimir,
00:37:06
meanwhile, preparations for the assault on Vladimir
00:37:08
continued continuously, Mongol
00:37:11
stones were continuously beaten, copper guns were used to intimidate the
00:37:14
defenders of the city of the conqueror,
00:37:17
crowds of thousands of prisoners were held under the walls at
00:37:21
this decisive moment, on the eve of the general
00:37:24
assault, the princes who led the defense fled from the
00:37:27
city, according to the report of the South Russian
00:37:30
chronicler Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich
00:37:32
was frightened and resin and the squad tried to
00:37:35
escape from the ring of the gardens,
00:37:36
but was captured and killed by the Mongols. On
00:37:40
February 6, with the help of a wall of batting machines, the
00:37:44
Mongols managed to break through the city walls
00:37:46
in several places. The
00:37:48
conquerors tried to take advantage of the
00:37:50
situation and quickly take possession of the city, but the
00:37:53
garrison repelled the assault
00:37:56
early in the morning of the next day. the assault on
00:37:59
Vladimir resumed, the
00:38:00
main blow was struck by the Mongols from the west from the
00:38:03
direction of the new city, where the walls were not
00:38:06
covered by natural obstacles, the
00:38:08
Mongol battering guns made
00:38:11
a breach in the city wall at the golden gate,
00:38:13
at the same time or somewhat later,
00:38:15
the fortifications of the new city were broken through
00:38:18
in several more places near the Renin of their
00:38:21
media and Volga gate, having created a
00:38:25
gap made of raw wood in order to avoid
00:38:26
setting fire to the rubble, the Mongols from different sides
00:38:29
burst into the new city
00:38:31
to hold back the onslaught along the entire perimeter of the
00:38:33
fortifications, the defenders of Vladimir no longer
00:38:36
had the opportunity to break through the
00:38:39
city walls, the invaders set fire to houses
00:38:41
trying to cut off the retreat routes for the
00:38:44
garrison at noon on February 7, the new one was engulfed in
00:38:48
fire the city was completely
00:38:50
captured by the Mongols
00:38:51
along the burning streets, the surviving
00:38:54
defenders of the new city fled to the
00:38:56
protection of the inner city walls,
00:38:58
pursuing the retreating Mongols broke
00:39:01
into the evening city
00:39:03
to defend its fortification there was
00:39:05
probably simply no one, also the
00:39:09
stone walls of the Vladimir detinets were immediately broken through, the
00:39:11
last stronghold of the defenders of the
00:39:14
Vladimir capital, I was escaping from
00:39:17
the invaders, many people led by the
00:39:19
princely family crowded into the Vladimir
00:39:22
Assumption Cathedral, the
00:39:23
Mongols did not even try to capture the
00:39:26
unarmed parishioners and simply set fire to the
00:39:29
temple with everyone there. The fire in the
00:39:33
main temple of the principality marked the
00:39:35
fall of the capital from north-eastern
00:39:38
Russia, followed by a total massacre of
00:39:41
the city's churches and monasteries were
00:39:43
plundered by fire, the new city was destroyed, the
00:39:47
local population completely
00:39:49
died or were taken prisoner,
00:39:52
however, taking Vladimir did not mean
00:39:55
the end of the war; hopes, the inhabitants of
00:39:58
north-eastern Russia were now
00:40:01
connected with Yuri Vsevolodovich, who actively
00:40:03
saberized the troops every day, Yuri’s villages
00:40:07
grew at the expense of his own
00:40:09
warriors who stayed to him from all
00:40:11
over the Vladimir-Suzdal land
00:40:13
and also at the expense of detachments of small princes,
00:40:16
in order to finally suppress the
00:40:18
resistance of the Vladimir prince, the
00:40:20
Mongols had to
00:40:23
find and destroy his camp as quickly as possible
00:40:30
[music]
00:40:36
after the capture of Vladimir, the Mongols began
00:40:38
to destroy the cities of the Vladimir-Suzdal
00:40:40
land,
00:40:41
first of all the invaders sought
00:40:43
to destroy any centers of resistance;
00:40:46
in addition, they needed to cut off
00:40:49
Yuri Vsevolodovich’s camp from southern Russia,
00:40:53
Novgorod and other cities on the Vladimir
00:40:56
land, from where they could wait for
00:40:58
reinforcements while solving these problems in the
00:41:01
Angolan detachments moved from Vladimir
00:41:03
in three main directions to the north to
00:41:07
Rostov, to the east to the middle Volga and to the
00:41:11
north-west of Tver and Torzhok the
00:41:14
main Mongol forces went from
00:41:17
Vladimir to the north to defeat the Grand
00:41:19
Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich
00:41:22
Rostov abandoned by the prince and the squads surrendered to the
00:41:26
conqueror without a fight from him the Mongol
00:41:29
troops went in two directions
00:41:32
numerous yelling moved to the
00:41:34
north-west to Uglich
00:41:35
and the other large the detachment headed towards
00:41:38
Yaroslavl, the
00:41:45
chroniclers do not report any details of the capture of Yaroslavl, Kostroma and other cities along the Volga. Based on
00:41:48
archaeological data, it can be
00:41:50
assumed that Yaroslavl was severely
00:41:53
destroyed and could not recover for a long time; the
00:41:56
reflection of the Mongol pogrom of the city
00:41:58
is a local legend about the battle on
00:42:01
that Hawaiian mountain in which they died All the
00:42:03
defenders of Yaroslavl have
00:42:05
even less information about the capture of the
00:42:09
Mongol detachment by fires. The Mongol detachment, heading from
00:42:12
Vladimir east to the middle Volga,
00:42:14
walked along the Klyazma River to Starodub and moved
00:42:16
straight through the forests to Gorodtsy,
00:42:19
easily taking and plundering the town of the
00:42:22
Mongol yelling, climbed up the Volga with fires,
00:42:24
destroying the Volga
00:42:27
cities, Kostroma
00:42:29
apparently was the place where the
00:42:31
Mongol troops met, a separate unit that came from
00:42:33
Yaroslavl and from the town, the
00:42:35
conquerors
00:42:38
went far to the north and north-east,
00:42:41
so chroniclers report on the campaigns of the
00:42:44
Mongol troops to Galich, which was disgusting for the
00:42:48
Mongol troops moving from
00:42:50
Vladimir to the north-west, the first
00:42:52
object of attack was
00:42:54
Pereyaslavl-Zalessky
00:42:55
strong the fortress in the center of the
00:42:58
Vladimir-Suzdal principality of
00:43:00
Pereyaslavl was taken by storm after a
00:43:02
five-day Assad by the beginning of March 1238,
00:43:07
Mongol troops on a wide front
00:43:09
reached the line
00:43:11
up the Volga at this time the Vladimir
00:43:14
prince was on the city river where he
00:43:17
organized a camp in which
00:43:19
wars from all over had been flocking for several weeks In the
00:43:22
area,
00:43:23
first of all, the prince expected help from
00:43:26
his brothers Yaroslav and Svyatoslav
00:43:29
Vsevolodovich;
00:43:30
in addition,
00:43:33
princes fled from small towns and
00:43:35
principalities that had been subjected to pogroms to carry the grand ducal camp, so
00:43:39
Prince Ivan Starodubsky, when the
00:43:41
Mongols approached, took his family and property
00:43:44
beyond the Volga into the forests
00:43:45
and he himself went to Yuri Vsevolodovich carry
00:43:48
with a small army the task of finding the
00:43:51
Vladimir prince and his camp, Batu
00:43:54
entrusted the Mongol military leader
00:43:56
Burundai with this temnik had already
00:43:59
established himself as one of the most prominent
00:44:01
commanders Batu,
00:44:03
he was not of khan origin,
00:44:05
advanced solely thanks to his
00:44:08
military talent, earlier near Rostov
00:44:11
Burundai received from prisoners approximate
00:44:13
information about the location
00:44:15
Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich was unable to gather enough forces on the morning of March 4, the
00:44:18
Mongol vanguard
00:44:20
approached the river city, as it turned out, and it was not possible to
00:44:38
gather enough forces.
00:44:41
more than six seven thousand soldiers
00:44:45
when, in early March,
00:44:48
rumors reached the Grand Duke about the approach of the enemy, Yuri
00:44:50
took some precautions,
00:44:53
he ordered his governor Fat Slava
00:44:56
Mikhailovich
00:44:57
to prepare people for battle, and another
00:45:00
governor Dorofeev Fedorovich, under the command of
00:45:03
3,1000 detachments, sent against the forces of Burundai,
00:45:06
but the Mongols again outwitted the
00:45:09
Grand Duke using local
00:45:11
guides Brun Dai, along forest paths,
00:45:14
approached the Russian camp in the place
00:45:17
where Yuri did not set up patrols; the detachment of the
00:45:19
governor Dorofey Fedorovich
00:45:22
was unable to prevent a
00:45:23
surprise attack; the
00:45:27
Mongols took the Russian
00:45:29
warriors by surprise,
00:45:30
many of whom were unable to
00:45:32
prepare for the battle; the remaining ones in
00:45:35
the minority, disoriented
00:45:38
and not having time to properly form up, the
00:45:39
Russian regiments were doomed by Burundai 2,
00:45:43
but their riders shared the river bed and
00:45:46
creating numerical superiority in
00:45:48
each section of the offensive, turned the
00:45:51
opponents into a disorderly flight, followed by a
00:45:53
large-scale massacre
00:45:56
during which military leaders were killed,
00:45:58
many ordinary soldiers, as
00:46:01
well as himself The Vladimir prince
00:46:05
Burundai presented his head to Bate as
00:46:07
proof of his victory. The
00:46:10
solemn pajar on Yuri
00:46:12
Vsevolodovich took place only
00:46:14
two years later when his body was recognized by the
00:46:17
Rostov bishop Kirill, who
00:46:19
came near the battle site
00:46:22
on the way from Beloozero. The murder of Grand
00:46:26
Duke Yuri was supposed to serve as a
00:46:28
signal for the Mongol army. that their
00:46:30
mission in this region as a whole was over,
00:46:33
however, the advanced units led by
00:46:36
Batu himself had already gone far to the west, entering the
00:46:39
territory of the Novgorod principality and the
00:46:41
siege of Torzhok, the Torzhok
00:46:43
garrison did not open the gates
00:46:47
and refused to enter into negotiations
00:46:49
unexpectedly tough position 1 on the way of the
00:46:52
Mongols of Novgorod The fortress
00:46:54
was supposed to cause corresponding
00:46:56
irritation in the Khan's headquarters; besides, by the
00:46:59
beginning of March 1238, the
00:47:02
Mongol army had already suffered
00:47:04
significant losses and was exhausted by
00:47:06
more than 3 months of marches with
00:47:09
skirmishes
00:47:10
and chases; however, Batu did not
00:47:13
rush and applied traditional
00:47:15
Russian tactics
00:47:16
from the pestilence; the result affected very quickly
00:47:20
in the marketplace, which was dependent on the supply of food,
00:47:22
famine began; in addition, the townspeople
00:47:26
received news from Novgorod that there
00:47:31
would be no help from the capital of the principality; the will of the defenders was
00:47:39
sharply undermined; a short assault followed and, apparently, the Mongols passed without significant losses without significant losses; tired of the
00:47:41
long siege massive
00:47:44
use of siege engines and
00:47:45
the futility of their position, the
00:47:48
townspeople were unable to put up serious
00:47:50
resistance; the
00:47:52
market was completely sagem;
00:47:55
however, a group of townspeople at the last moment
00:47:57
managed to organize a sortie and
00:47:59
break into the forests, judging by the account of the
00:48:02
chronicle, the pursuit of them lasted more than one
00:48:05
day; many died, but some
00:48:09
probably managed to get out in the townspeople fleeing from the
00:48:12
burning marketplace, the Mongols
00:48:14
were chasing and driving the crossroads of the
00:48:16
crossroads located a hundred
00:48:18
miles from Veliky Novgorod,
00:48:21
but in order to collide with another powerful
00:48:24
Russian principality in the
00:48:25
conditions of the approaching thaw, there
00:48:28
was no more strength and therefore the Mongols
00:48:31
turned back and headed to the steppe from the
00:48:35
Khutba. was triumphant, he led thousands of
00:48:38
captives, his warriors flaunted expensive
00:48:41
clothes and raked
00:48:42
us with jewelry, having achieved a decisive
00:48:45
victory over the strong Vladimir Suzdal
00:48:48
principality, Bate stopped
00:48:50
large-scale hostilities,
00:48:52
limiting himself to the plunder of
00:48:54
small settlements lying on his way, the only
00:48:57
military operation undertaken by Batu
00:49:00
during the retreat
00:49:01
was Assad of Kozelsk here had its own
00:49:05
prince Vasily, who was
00:49:07
barely 12 years old when the Mongols arrived; he was the
00:49:10
grandson of Mikhail of Chernigov, who
00:49:12
opposed the Mongols on the Kalka River
00:49:16
and was involved in the murder of Mongol
00:49:18
ambassadors; the Mongols knew about this and
00:49:20
were going to take revenge, especially since militarily
00:49:25
the city did not present any serious obstacle to the invaders
00:49:28
However, the townspeople of Kozelsk
00:49:31
organized decisive resistance to the
00:49:33
conqueror. The siege of the city, the garrison of
00:49:37
which numbered no more than 2 thousand
00:49:39
people, dragged on and lasted 7
00:49:42
weeks. Batya
00:49:44
did not dare to throw his
00:49:46
troops, exhausted by a long campaign, into battle, so he waited for
00:49:50
the approaches of the ditch and the storms
00:49:52
that brought Batya the necessary
00:49:54
siege equipment for the
00:49:56
arrival of reinforcements, finally allowing
00:49:59
Batu began an assault on the fortress, fierce
00:50:02
attacks by fresh Mongol units
00:50:04
fell on the city fortifications, but the
00:50:07
defenders of Kozelsk not only repelled the
00:50:10
frontal assault but also tried to
00:50:12
carry out a counterattack
00:50:13
when the main forces of Batu were distracted by the battle
00:50:16
on the ramparts, the townspeople
00:50:19
opened the gates on the other side of the fortress,
00:50:21
went around the Kozelsk fortification
00:50:24
and decisively attacked the Mongol
00:50:26
the camp that was captured completely by
00:50:28
surprise staged a real massacre there, according to the
00:50:32
chronicles, in that battle
00:50:34
about 4,000 Mongol soldiers died, but were killed
00:50:38
and all the attacks, the
00:50:40
assault on the city itself lasted three days and
00:50:44
also turned out to be very bloody for the
00:50:47
Mongols; during the attack, three
00:50:49
sons of the Mongol temniks were killed, and their the bodies
00:50:53
could not then be found in the mountain of corpses, the
00:50:56
resistance of the lower classes, which Bate
00:50:59
did not expect, infuriated him
00:51:02
during the occupation of Kozelsk, which the Mongols
00:51:05
dubbed the evil city of all residents,
00:51:08
including Prince Vasily, they simply slaughtered
00:51:13
Kozelsk, which became the last stop of the
00:51:16
Mongol army, after which it
00:51:18
followed directly to the steppe and the losses
00:51:22
were colossal, it
00:51:23
is believed that during the winter road of the company in
00:51:27
1237-38, Batu lost more than
00:51:31
half of his soldiers; it took the Mongols two years to restore
00:51:34
military strength;
00:51:38
northeastern Russia lay in ruins; most of the
00:51:41
cities were plundered;
00:51:44
thousands of local residents were taken prisoner; and the
00:51:47
military elite was
00:51:49
slaughtered almost It was clear to everyone in Russia
00:51:52
that soon the same fate
00:51:55
would befall the principalities of southern Russia,
00:51:57
whose princes already had the sad experience of
00:52:00
fighting the Mongols in the Battle of the Kalka River
00:52:04
[music] in the
00:52:14
30s of the 13th century, southern Russia was experiencing a
00:52:18
new round of princely strife;
00:52:20
they were temporarily stopped by Yaroslav
00:52:23
Vsevolodovich,
00:52:24
who in 1236 established himself in Kiev with the
00:52:28
help of the Novgorodians, however, in the spring of the
00:52:31
next year he was forced to leave the
00:52:33
capital city
00:52:34
in an effort to provide assistance to those drowning in the
00:52:36
blood of north-eastern Russia,
00:52:38
however, Yaroslav was late when he arrived
00:52:42
in Vladimir, from the once great city there
00:52:44
remained only the smoking ruins of
00:52:47
Yaroslav decisively with his usual energy,
00:52:50
he began to restore the lands that had passed to
00:52:52
him by right of seniority, forgetting
00:52:55
for a while about southern affairs; at this
00:52:58
time, Mikhail of Chernigov, having learned about the
00:53:01
misfortunes in the Suzdal land and the
00:53:03
establishment of Yaroslav in Vladimir, assessed
00:53:06
the situation as his new chance to gain
00:53:08
eldership in the Russian land in April
00:53:12
In 1238, he captured Kiev without putting up
00:53:16
significant resistance, however, his
00:53:19
position in Kiev still remained
00:53:21
extremely weak.
00:53:22
Therefore, when Batu’s retreating army
00:53:25
plundered the northwestern outskirts of his
00:53:27
principality and took Kozelsk,
00:53:29
Mikhail chose not to risk his
00:53:32
squad and wait out the danger behind the Kiev
00:53:35
walls, having
00:53:36
actually plundered Kozelsk the Mongols
00:53:39
went to the steppe and were carried away by the war with the
00:53:42
Polovtsians, this was a political triumph
00:53:45
for Mikhail, he controlled Chernigov and
00:53:48
Kiev, as well as Galich and Przemysl,
00:53:50
with the help of his son Rostislav, his
00:53:53
main opponent
00:53:54
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich left for the
00:53:56
northeast and was busy restoring the
00:53:58
Vladimir principality and the Volyn
00:54:01
princes Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich and
00:54:03
were left alone with an old
00:54:05
rival who
00:54:08
took advantage of the current situation extremely successfully,
00:54:10
it seemed that nothing could stop the
00:54:12
Chernigov prince
00:54:13
from possessing all of southern Russia and nothing
00:54:17
except the
00:54:18
Mongol army, having defeated the
00:54:21
north-eastern lands of Russia,
00:54:23
Bat and led his thinned troops into the
00:54:25
steppe, however serious they did not get a break, the
00:54:28
Mongols needed to consolidate
00:54:31
their previous successes over the
00:54:34
next two years, Bate and his commanders
00:54:36
carried out a number of military operations in the Black Sea steppes,
00:54:39
conquered the Alans and
00:54:42
defeated the Polovtsians who remained in the steppes,
00:54:44
at this moment
00:54:46
internal relations among the Chingizids became complicated,
00:54:50
dissatisfaction with the leader of the western
00:54:53
campaign was expressed by the young gu south and
00:54:55
mingw military leaders pushed Bate to
00:54:59
more active actions and the speedy
00:55:01
continuation of the western campaign in 1239,
00:55:06
the Mongols reappeared on the territory of
00:55:08
Russia and struck three
00:55:11
border principalities.
00:55:22
take the city without wasting time, they
00:55:24
brought down the full power of their
00:55:27
siege engines on Pereyaslavl and took it without serious
00:55:30
problems, the city was burned and its main
00:55:34
temple was razed to the ground, the
00:55:37
more than 200-year history of the
00:55:40
Pereyaslavl principality of the Russian
00:55:42
outpost on the border of the steppe ended in the same 1239
00:55:47
baht and sent another detachment of his
00:55:50
troops to capture Chernigov, in contrast to
00:55:53
Pereyaslavl, in relation to this city, a
00:55:56
systematic garden of the
00:55:58
Chernigov garrison was commanded by miss
00:56:00
this love Glebovich, the prince about whom
00:56:02
practically nothing is known, even
00:56:05
what inheritance in the Chernigov land he
00:56:08
owned,
00:56:09
miss this love tried to organize a
00:56:10
counterattack and break through blockade of the city, he
00:56:14
raised the Chernigov city regiment to battle
00:56:16
and, together with his squad, threw
00:56:18
it into a bloody meat grinder against
00:56:20
superior Mongolian villages, although the
00:56:25
sources say nothing about the death of Glebovich, you can
00:56:28
assume based on the fact that his name is no
00:56:31
longer mentioned in the chronicle the battle was
00:56:34
lost, the city fell and was sagem, we can
00:56:37
say that for it, as for
00:56:39
Pereyaslavl, the intensive period of history
00:56:41
ended; no one began to revive Chernigov
00:56:45
and it gradually sank to the
00:56:47
status of a small provincial center.
00:56:50
After the capture of Chernigov,
00:56:52
the Mongols again moved to the northeast
00:56:55
and struck a blow at the Murom principality
00:56:58
and also, the lands in the lower reaches of the klysma,
00:57:01
which were practically not damaged
00:57:03
during the previous campaign, the main purpose of the
00:57:07
raids in the Klyazma area was to
00:57:09
remind Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
00:57:11
that he should quickly settle
00:57:14
his relations with the Khan’s headquarters and
00:57:16
consolidate them with a personal visit; in addition, it was
00:57:20
necessary to punish the Murom princes who
00:57:23
opposed Batu, together with Ryazan,
00:57:25
on the Voronezh River, the
00:57:27
regions were systematically devastated and the
00:57:30
Mongols turned to the southwest, the
00:57:33
political center of Russia and Kiev was in line back
00:57:37
in March 1240, the
00:57:41
Hang Mingo chronicle approached Kiev for reconnaissance, the chronicle
00:57:44
reports that when Mingw saw the city, he
00:57:47
was amazed at its beauty and majesty and
00:57:49
sent his ambassadors to the townspeople and
00:57:52
Michael in order to deceive their ambassadors, the
00:57:55
Kievites killed which gave the Mongols a
00:57:57
formal reason for invading the
00:57:59
Kiev lands; however, while the Mongol
00:58:02
army was making final
00:58:04
preparations in southern Russia, it was
00:58:06
renewed again, having been interrupted for some
00:58:09
time, the strife of Daniil and Vasilko
00:58:11
Romanovich was able to lure them out Galich
00:58:14
Rostislav Mikhailovich, the
00:58:16
son of the Chernigov prince, after which they
00:58:19
took the city and surrounded the squad of
00:58:21
Rostislav the prince, managed to escape,
00:58:23
but his squad almost in
00:58:26
full went over to the side of the Volyn
00:58:28
princes, who stopped the unity of the
00:58:30
Galician-Volyn land, in turn,
00:58:33
the position of Mikhail Vsevolodovich became
00:58:35
unenviable, he lost his Galician
00:58:39
possessions, the principality of Chernigov lay in
00:58:42
ruins, realizing that the Mongol army had already
00:58:45
moved towards Kiev, Mikhail fled
00:58:48
from his capital to Hungary
00:58:50
and then to Poland. The ancient Russian
00:58:53
capital, after Mikhail left it, was
00:58:55
captured by Daniil Romanovich
00:58:57
in the last months before Bate’s approach to
00:59:00
Kiev, he frantically looked for
00:59:03
additional military contingents in neighboring lands the
00:59:07
region's own forces
00:59:10
were clearly not sufficiently exhausting to resist the nomadic horde;
00:59:13
more than ten years of civil strife
00:59:15
absorbed a huge amount of human
00:59:17
resources and the combat power of the principalities.
00:59:30
let the Mongol army
00:59:34
resist which Daniel was unable to resist,
00:59:37
as the chronicle reports, the prince left
00:59:40
the city under the command of the thousandth
00:59:42
Dimitar, whom he instructed to defend the city
00:59:44
from the Mongols, and he himself went to Hungary to
00:59:47
negotiate with the fourth white king
00:59:50
about an anti-Mongol alliance, the
00:59:53
Mongol army approached Kiev in
00:59:56
September 1240, the situation The townspeople
01:00:00
were desperate, but
01:00:02
no one opened the door to the invaders. In fact, the
01:00:05
townspeople’s hopes
01:00:06
could be connected with the defensive
01:00:08
fortifications erected around their
01:00:10
houses. Kiev had an exceptional
01:00:13
fortification system around the
01:00:16
city along the perimeter of more than three and a
01:00:18
half kilometers. There were earthen
01:00:20
ramparts up to 12 meters high on their crest.
01:00:24
wooden walls with stone
01:00:27
gates and towers, in addition, the
01:00:30
oldest part of Kiev, the city of Vladimir, had a separate scene, the
01:00:33
fortress amazed with its power to
01:00:36
storm the outcome meant to put a
01:00:39
significant part of the army under the walls, a
01:00:41
two-month Assad followed, during
01:00:45
which Batu’s military engineers had the
01:00:48
opportunity to show all their skills in
01:00:51
siege warfare under the walls of the ancient In the Russian capital,
01:00:55
32 battering guns were built,
01:00:57
methodically destroying
01:01:00
fortifications only after significant breeches
01:01:02
appeared in the city walls. On
01:01:04
November 18, the
01:01:07
assault on the city began. The first clashes
01:01:10
broke out on the ruins of the fortress walls of the city.
01:01:13
On the very first day of the assault,
01:01:15
after a fierce battle on the ruins of the
01:01:18
walls of the city, the Mongols were able to push back Yaroslav. The
01:01:21
defenders of Kiev from the ramparts,
01:01:24
however, weakened by the stubborn
01:01:26
resistance of the Kievites, the invaders
01:01:28
were unable to build on their success and break into the city on the
01:01:30
shoulders of the retreating
01:01:37
garrisons. According to the chroniclers, the Mongols did not leave the fortress walls of the city of Yaroslav for the rest of the day and all night; the
01:01:40
defenders of Kiev, led by the wounded
01:01:43
diameter, retreated to the city of Vladimir and
01:01:45
fortified its wall in the morning, the battle
01:01:50
resumed fortifying the city of
01:01:52
Vladimir, they were also broken through, the battle began
01:01:55
inside the city, the people of Kiev
01:01:57
defended every section of the city,
01:02:00
but they
01:02:02
could not resist the well-trained Mongol warriors, having broken through
01:02:05
the fortifications in the area of ​​​​the Sophia Gate,
01:02:07
the conqueror surrounded the last
01:02:09
defenders of Kiev in the tithe church
01:02:12
the number of people took refuge in the temple and on
01:02:15
its roof, according to the chronicler, it was so
01:02:17
great that from their weight rub 0 of the church
01:02:21
wall and the ceiling on the evening of November 19, the
01:02:24
Mongols suppressed the last centers of
01:02:27
Russian resistance and Dimitar was captured. The
01:02:31
destruction of Kiev was large-scale and
01:02:33
general from a huge metropolis
01:02:36
consisting of nine thousand households across
01:02:39
five years in 1246, the traveler
01:02:43
Plano Carpini found 200 houses of the
01:02:46
temple, the buildings were looted, the buildings were destroyed
01:02:49
from the church, and his wife, in turn, the Mongols
01:02:52
were amazed by the tenacity of the defenders and
01:02:55
especially by the military talent of the thousandth
01:02:58
Dimitar, who did not have not only princely
01:03:01
origin but also a title, Batu ordered to
01:03:05
grant life to the
01:03:06
wounded enemy commander and later
01:03:08
placed him in his retinue as an
01:03:10
honorary prisoner. It is believed
01:03:14
that only after the capture of Kiev did the Mongols
01:03:17
begin to navigate the political
01:03:19
situation in the south of Russia, Bate
01:03:21
realized that it was Daniil Romanovich who
01:03:23
was the most powerful princes of the
01:03:25
region; his absence gave the battle an
01:03:28
excellent opportunity to systematically
01:03:31
ruin the Galician-Volyn land
01:03:33
that lay on The path of the Mongol
01:03:35
conquerors, the
01:03:36
path to Volyn, the Mongol troops were
01:03:39
blocked by settlements along the
01:03:41
middle course of the Teterev River, as well as
01:03:43
fortified cities. In the event, this region,
01:03:47
designated in sources as Bukowski and
01:03:49
the city, was located between the
01:03:51
Galician-Volyn and Kiev
01:03:53
principalities,
01:03:54
creating a buffer between these sometimes
01:03:56
warring lands, banking settlements
01:04:00
traditionally they tried to avoid
01:04:02
open hostility with any of their neighbors,
01:04:04
and this is what happened in 1240; many
01:04:08
cities, including the trees of Gubin and
01:04:11
Kudin, surrendered to the Mongols without a fight and, judging by
01:04:15
archaeological material and written
01:04:17
sources, were not seriously
01:04:20
plundered; however, there were cases of other encounters of
01:04:23
fierce resistance The Mongols
01:04:25
were helped by the inhabitants of a rare children's settlement in the
01:04:28
upper reaches of the black grouse, around the ramparts
01:04:31
surrounding a small settlement, archaeologists
01:04:34
discovered a large number of corpses of
01:04:36
defenders and attackers in armor and with
01:04:39
weapons in their hands after Kiev, the Mongols
01:04:42
had to use siege
01:04:43
equipment only on the border of the
01:04:45
Volyn land,
01:04:47
the Mongols reached the pounding wife of a city
01:04:50
located on a high steep bank the
01:04:52
river case and, surrounded by two rows of
01:04:55
ditches and oxen, the beating of wives was practically
01:04:59
impregnable and the Mongols, who
01:05:01
sounded in senseless attempts to
01:05:04
break its walls with siege engines,
01:05:06
resorted to cunning to the inhabitants of the city,
01:05:09
some of the
01:05:11
banking settlements that the Mongols
01:05:14
spared were cited as an example, as well as the promised peace and ample
01:05:17
opportunities for further trade,
01:05:20
the persuasion worked and the residents of the call were
01:05:23
won and agreed to open the gates,
01:05:25
the result turned out to be indicative, the
01:05:28
city was defeated and devastated, excavations
01:05:31
inside its walls confirm that a
01:05:34
brutal massacre took place inside the fortress walls, a
01:05:37
similar fate befell many other
01:05:40
cities of the Galician-Volyn land,
01:05:43
including Kamenets and
01:05:45
Izyaslava in some In other cases,
01:05:48
the townspeople managed to sit behind high
01:05:50
walls, so located away from the
01:05:54
main route of the Mongols and the well-
01:05:55
fortified Danilov and Kremenets were not taken;
01:05:59
perhaps secondary
01:06:02
units of the Mongols approached them, but mainly it was the
01:06:04
haste of Batu who was rushing to the
01:06:07
capital of the principality,
01:06:09
Vladimir of Volyn. Vladimir was famous for its
01:06:12
fortifications
01:06:14
which back in 1231 struck the
01:06:18
Hungarian king András 2 Russian
01:06:21
chronicles report that András did not dare
01:06:24
to storm the city, saying that
01:06:27
he had never seen a similar fortress in the German lands,
01:06:29
unlike the Hungarian king, the Mongols
01:06:32
did not hesitate, Vladimir fell after only three
01:06:36
days of the siege,
01:06:37
archaeological material speaks of
01:06:39
fierce resistance local
01:06:41
residents and the massacres that followed in the city
01:06:44
following the devastation of Vladimir, the surrounding
01:06:47
land was also subjected to looting. The
01:06:49
central object for the Mongol
01:06:52
troops in this area became Galich, which
01:06:54
was captured and sagem, having been reborn
01:06:56
in the old place after the departure of the
01:06:59
Mongols, Galich never again acquired
01:07:02
the significance in all-Russian life
01:07:04
that before the Mongol captivity, he
01:07:07
spent some time in the rich
01:07:10
Galician land of Bate, replenished food supplies,
01:07:13
waited for the snow to fall on the Carpathian
01:07:16
passes, this served as a signal for the
01:07:18
continuation of the western campaign and the invasion
01:07:21
of the territory of Hungary and Poland, the fate
01:07:24
of which was not too different from the
01:07:26
pogrom that the Russian lands experienced during the
01:07:31
Mongol invasion dealt a
01:07:32
crushing blow to the economy and
01:07:35
socio-political position of Russia;
01:07:37
indeed, the damage from Batu’s invasion
01:07:39
in both the northeast and
01:07:41
southwest of Russia was enormous; the colossal
01:07:45
devastation is recorded on the basis of an
01:07:47
extensive group of archaeological
01:07:50
visual and written sources,
01:07:53
as well as monuments of oral folk
01:07:55
art, to challenge the fact of a destructive
01:07:58
invasion is impossible, the Mongol
01:08:02
invasion led to an unprecedented
01:08:05
death of the population of ancient Russia,
01:08:07
it was a colossal demographic
01:08:09
collapse of its time, which affected sweat
01:08:13
for many centuries, it is believed that the
01:08:16
previous population of ancient
01:08:18
Russia was restored only by the end of the
01:08:21
16th century, in addition, the invasion dealt a
01:08:26
huge blow to the productive forces of the
01:08:28
Russians cities and, above all,
01:08:31
urban craft, since
01:08:33
cities were the main objects of
01:08:35
Mongol aggression and pogrom, according to
01:08:38
archaeologists, during the Mongol
01:08:40
invasion, 49
01:08:43
large ancient Russian cities were completely destroyed, a third of which,
01:08:46
in particular old Ryazan and
01:08:48
southern Pereyaslavl, never
01:08:51
rose from the ashes,
01:08:52
another consequence of the invasion there was a
01:08:55
loss of dozens of craft technologies
01:08:58
for a whole century; stone
01:09:02
architecture ceased throughout the entire territory of Russia,
01:09:04
including in the Novgorod lands, which were
01:09:06
almost not exposed to the Mongol
01:09:09
pogrom; the
01:09:10
Mongol invasion, during which hundreds of graveyards and
01:09:12
villages were destroyed,
01:09:15
caused enormous damage to the productive
01:09:18
forces and
01:09:20
suffered colossal damage in agriculture patrimonial
01:09:23
land ownership since
01:09:26
almost all the boyars died during the invasion watch &
01:09:28
nikki the elite of ancient Russian society, which
01:09:31
in wartime formed the backbone of all the
01:09:34
princely squads of the invasion,
01:09:37
he also undermined the international and
01:09:39
foreign trade relations of Russia, all previous
01:09:42
cultural trade communications either
01:09:44
ended up under the complete control of the
01:09:46
Mongols themselves or fell into decay due to general
01:09:49
decline urban crafts and
01:09:51
agriculture in Russia and finally the Mongols
01:09:54
dealt the final blow to
01:09:56
the nominal socio-cultural unity of
01:09:59
Russia, characteristic of previous centuries, the general
01:10:02
Russian scale of chronicle records in
01:10:04
which events were noted in the most
01:10:07
remote corners of the country completely
01:10:09
disappeared, so Vladimir's Suzdal
01:10:12
written sources of the second half of the 13th
01:10:15
century do not mention anything about the events in
01:10:18
Kiev or in Volhynia, Russia
01:10:22
split not only economically
01:10:24
but also socioculturally, in addition to
01:10:29
all these factors, there was one more much
01:10:32
more important Russian lands fell into constant
01:10:36
dependence on the gigantic Mongol
01:10:38
empire and after its split from the Juchi ulus, a
01:10:42
state better known as the golden
01:10:45
horde of the next two and a half centuries of
01:10:48
Russian history received the name
01:10:51
Tatar-Mongol yoke
01:10:55
[music]
01:10:58
this series of documentary videos about the
01:11:00
Mongol invasion of Russia has come to
01:11:02
an end,
01:11:03
however, our journey through the milestones of history is
01:11:06
just beginning, so as not to miss
01:11:08
new videos, do not forget to subscribe to the
01:11:11
channel and turn on notifications for new
01:11:13
publications, see you
01:11:14
soon friends

Description:

⚔️ Монгольское нашествие - это, безусловно, одна из самых трагичных страниц русской истории. Пользуясь современными средствами графической анимации и детализированными картами, мы покажем, как именно происходили ключевые события той грозной эпохи: битва на р. Калке 1223 г., разорение Рязани 1236 г., штурм Владимира 1237 г., битва на р. Сити 1237 г., а также взятие Киева 1240 г. Другие видео по монгольским завоеваниям: Битва на Калке 1223 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYWd-je40NY Разорение Рязани 1237 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXtxEgo1U7E Битва под Коломной, взятие Владимира 1238 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrQh6pCJvZo Битва на Сити, осада Козельска 1238 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJXYg1mIAyk Разорение Киева 1240 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yDnNZzUmg Монголы разоряют Польшу. Битва при Легнице 1241 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veVjBg_fyv0 Батый в Венгрии. Битва на реке Шайо 1241 г.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6b_CCMK_TE Отступление Батыя из Европы: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvBXZYgyHio Монголы в Европе (все части): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pozqjnwwU78 Поддержать канал: Патреон: https://www.patreon.com/history_flywheel DonationAlerts: https://www.donationalerts.com/r/history_flywheel Яндекс.Деньги (ЮMoney): 4100116101914480 00:00 — Становление Монгольской империи 04:35 — Поход Джэбэ и Субэдэя 07:01 — Русские князья выступают на Калку 10:21 — Битва на р. Калке 15:12 — Отход Субэдэя в Монголию 16:28 — Подготовка к Западному походу 19:58 — Разгром Волжской Булгарии 21:37 — Русские княжества накануне нашествия 22:47 — Вторжение Батыя в Рязанское княжество 25:12 — Разорение Рязани Батыем 28:58 — Битва под Коломной 33:01 — Покорение Москвы 34:44 — Взятие Владимира 40:30 — Разорение Северо-Восточной Руси 43:50 — Битва на р. Сити 46:24 — Осада Торжка 48:56 — Осада Козельска 52:08 — Усобица в Южной Руси 54:20 — Монголы возвращаются на Русь 58:52 — Взятие Киева 1:03:13 — Покорение Галицко-Волынского княжества 1:07:30 — Последствия нашествия 📝 Источники и литература: Полное собрание русских летописей. Том I. Ибн ал-Асир. Полный свод всеобщей истории. Хрусталев, Д.Г. Русь от нашествия до ига. Толочко, П.П. Кочевые народы степей и Древняя Русь. Тихвинский, С.Л. Татаро-монголы в Азии и Европе. Астайкин, А.А. Монголы и русские: первая кровь. Чернышевский, Д. В. Приидоша бесчислены, яко прузи. Кощеев, В. Б. Еще раз о численности монгольского войска в 1237 году. Разин, Е.А. История военного искусства VI—XVI вв. Спицын, Е.Ю. Древняя и средневековая Русь. Водарский, Я.Е. Население России в конце XVII - начале XVIII века. 📢 Этот ролик был озвучен Георгием Разуваевым. Вы тоже можете заказать озвучку у профессионального диктора на сайте «ДикторыЕсть»: https://diktorov.net/?REF=16635 🎼 Используемая музыка: Andreas Waldetoft - Steppes of the Nomads (Crusader Kings 2: Songs of the Steppes) Richard Beddow - Legions of the West (Total War: Attila OST) Geoff Knorr & Michael Curran - Genghis Khan War Theme (Civilization V OST) Richard Beddow - The Red Horse (Total War: Attila OST) Richard Beddow - The Will of Tengri (Total War: Attila OST) Richard Beddow - A Thousand Arrows (Total War: Attila OST) Richard Beddow - Scourge Of God (Total War: Attila OST) Geoff Knorr & Michael Curran - Genghis Khan Peace Theme (Civilization V OST) Остальная музыка предоставлена порталом Epidemic Sound: https://www.epidemicsound.com/campaign/invite-a-creator/?_us=Referral&_usx=6xyq79 🚩 Социальные сети: Группа ВК: https://vk.com/history_flywheel Twitter: https://twitter.com/historyflywheel YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeLixjhQNU6cGTNv_ECaooQ

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