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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
The topic of our lesson today is00:00:03
separate and hyphenated writing.00:00:08
Today we will talk about when we00:00:11
need a hyphen. We will learn about when complex00:00:15
words are written together. We will find out when we need to00:00:19
use separate spellings00:00:22
in the Russian language. There are rules that can00:00:25
lead us to bewilderment, such as how00:00:28
to write this or that word sweet.00:00:31
separately or with a hyphen,00:00:34
guessing the spelling in this case00:00:36
begins to resemble a lottery or an00:00:39
endless counting rhyme, the00:00:42
whole point is that this is a spelling spelling,00:00:44
writing words together separately or00:00:47
with a hyphen combines several00:00:49
rules, this is the writing of complex00:00:52
nouns and complex adjectives,00:00:55
as well as the writing of adverbs and the writing of00:00:59
some prefixes and suffixes,00:01:02
where should we start?00:01:04
Let’s start with the hyphen and figure out in00:01:08
what cases we need to put this00:01:10
dash between words and why it is00:01:12
needed at all; in00:01:14
general, the hyphen performs several00:01:17
different functions; it can separate00:01:21
some prefixes and suffixes from the word;00:01:24
it is used when the root is repeated00:01:26
or the meaning finally it can be00:01:30
used in the formation of complex00:01:32
words00:01:33
let's start with the first function00:01:36
that is written with a hyphen suffixes something or00:01:40
someone something some somewhere00:01:47
sometime00:01:49
already from the examples it is clear that these suffixes00:01:51
appear in pronouns and adverbs00:01:55
exception in this rule there is no suffixes00:01:58
are always written like this,00:02:01
but with the prefix to and it’s more and more difficult00:02:04
some who some00:02:06
some how in these words00:02:09
the prefix is actually written with a00:02:11
hyphen,00:02:13
but the hyphen can interfere with our writing by the00:02:16
preposition with it a hyphen and they don’t get along00:02:20
about someone to and after which to and why00:02:25
there are prepositions everywhere in the middle so there is00:02:28
no hyphen in00:02:31
the case of the prefix gender it’s even more complicated00:02:34
here we need to look at what the00:02:37
word itself begins with the hyphen will be00:02:40
written if the word begins with a00:02:42
vowel letter l or a capital letter00:02:46
floor apple half sheet by Moscow,00:02:52
all these words would look strange without a00:02:54
hyphen, that's why it is needed,00:02:57
and we can even choose words to00:02:59
remember according to and the hyphen is written00:03:03
before the capital00:03:05
letter l and the vowel, all three cases in00:03:08
one word,00:03:10
and in other cases the prefix is written00:03:13
together half a pear half a pencil half a00:03:17
city00:03:19
the prefix semi is always written together00:03:22
semi-automatic semi-horse00:03:26
if there was a prefix gender we would00:03:29
need a hyphen,00:03:32
but when is a hyphen written in adverbs00:03:35
about an adverb prefers a whole set of00:03:38
conditions of signs in order to00:03:41
put a hyphen the word must have00:03:44
not only a certain prefix, but00:03:46
also a certain suffix,00:03:49
for example, a hyphen is placed if the prefix is00:03:52
combined with the suffixes omu him or00:03:57
and00:03:58
in the old way in the winter in a friendly way,00:04:03
but to confuse these adverbs with similar00:04:05
adjectives00:04:06
along the old way through the winter forest,00:04:10
a hint will be questions for the word00:04:14
another successful combination for the hyphen of the00:04:17
prefix in its and their suffixes or00:04:21
their00:04:22
words such as first in third00:04:25
sixth fourth are written with a hyphen00:04:30
so we learned that suffixes are written with a hyphen00:04:33
this or that00:04:37
prefix to and unless after it there is a00:04:40
preposition the prefix gender if the word itself00:04:44
begins with a vowel00:04:45
with the letter l or with a capital letter of00:04:49
words in which there is a prefix po and00:04:52
suffixes omu him or00:04:54
and00:04:55
words in which there is a prefix in or in00:04:58
and suffixes them them00:05:02
and now let's talk about the second function of00:05:04
the hyphen, that is, about the author of the root or00:05:07
the meaning00:05:10
indeed sometimes we repeat00:05:12
some word or root00:05:13
usually this happens in adjectives00:05:16
or adverbs00:05:18
white white kind kind many-many00:05:22
little-by-little little-barely barely00:05:27
crisscross00:05:29
you can see that sometimes the00:05:31
word itself is repeated and sometimes the root,00:05:35
however, a hyphen is placed even00:05:37
if there are two words with similar meanings next to each other00:05:41
or even if the second word by00:05:44
association comes to our mind after the00:05:46
first, for00:05:48
example, quietly, peacefully, unexpectedly,00:05:52
not today or tomorrow, any, dear, at the very least, at the very least, the00:06:00
roots are not repeated here, but00:06:02
it’s almost the same thing between the roots00:06:05
completely you can put an equal sign in this case,00:06:10
but you need to remember that in two cases we00:06:13
write such combinations without a hyphen,00:06:17
this is if there is a preposition between words, we00:06:20
remember that it destroys hyphens00:06:23
and if the second word is in the00:06:25
instrumental case, it00:06:27
turns out that it also does not00:06:30
get along particularly well with a hyphen00:06:32
side side by side, soul to soul, honor-honor00:06:36
eccentric eccentric we write separately,00:06:40
but at the same time the words are exactly the same and00:06:43
willy-nilly,00:06:44
they are still written with a hyphen; this00:06:47
must be remembered,00:06:49
so the hyphen is also placed if we have a00:06:52
repeated root or the second word00:06:55
is a synonym or a reference to the00:06:58
first exception of combination with00:07:01
prepositions and forms of the instrumental00:07:03
case00:07:05
and we are left with 3 functions of the hyphen can00:07:08
be the most difficult why we need a00:07:11
hyphen in complex words, let’s say we want to00:07:14
make one word out of two words, here are the00:07:17
words cloak and tent, we need to00:07:21
combine these two equal words into00:07:23
a single whole,00:07:25
can we put a plus between them00:07:28
no because this sign is00:07:31
not used in linguistics, but a hyphen is used00:07:35
a sign that the parts of the word are00:07:38
not completely connected00:07:40
in complex words the hyphen very often00:07:43
means that the parts of the word are equal,00:07:46
for example, Colonel General dynamo00:07:51
south-west black-red00:07:54
Russian-English each component can00:07:57
exist separately, therefore, an equal00:08:00
sign can be placed between the components;00:08:04
at the same time, in a complex word, one00:08:07
concept complements the other, so instead of a00:08:10
hyphen, we can also put a plus or a00:08:13
conjunction, and00:08:15
however, this rule has several00:08:18
subtleties that you need to pay attention the hyphen00:08:21
is placed if we are dealing with shades of00:08:24
color00:08:25
taste sound mood and so on00:08:30
sweet and sour light yellow from00:08:33
black and red rolling loud00:08:37
embarrassed00:08:38
happy00:08:39
here it is not always possible to put an00:08:41
equal sign or a conjunction between parts of the word00:08:44
but we are dealing with shades and therefore00:08:47
we put a hyphen,00:08:51
a hyphen is put when we name a00:08:53
measurement and scientific terms, for example, in00:08:57
the words ton kilometer00:08:59
kilowatt-hour person day, the components00:09:02
of measurements complement each other,00:09:05
and in words such as gamma rays alpha00:09:09
meter we separate with a hyphen the00:09:11
borrowed components that have00:09:14
not yet fully taken root in Russian In the language of00:09:17
this kind of borrowed components, we00:09:20
often try to separate them, so00:09:23
we use a hyphen to write the words non-commissioned officer00:09:26
ex-champion prime minister miniskirt00:09:31
staff captain chief prosecutor sky these00:09:34
foreign roots were borrowed not00:09:37
so long ago, unlike the other roots00:09:40
we are talking about Let's talk more:00:09:43
complex00:09:46
geographical names and00:09:48
plant names are written with a hyphen, such as Ivan and Marya's00:09:51
mother and stepmother Rostov-on-Don00:09:55
East Siberian Sea00:09:57
Gorno-Altai region These can be00:10:00
adjectives and nouns,00:10:03
and so why do we need a hyphen? It can00:10:07
separate from words he separates some prefixes and00:10:10
suffixes00:10:11
from adverbs and pronouns00:10:14
suffixes, or a00:10:18
hyphen is placed after the prefix to, and00:10:21
unless there is a preposition after it, a00:10:24
hyphen is needed to separate the prefix gender00:10:27
from words that begin with a vowel00:10:30
or the letter l or a capital letter, a00:10:34
hyphen in adverbs separates the prefix00:10:37
by from words with suffixes omu him or00:10:41
and and the prefix in and left from words with00:10:45
suffixes their their00:10:48
hyphen can be used for00:10:50
repetition it is found when repeating00:10:53
roots and words00:10:55
or if two words are synonymous with each00:10:57
other or strong associations arise between them00:11:03
exception combination where there are prepositions and00:11:06
forms of the instrumental case,00:11:09
finally, a hyphen is needed to separate00:11:12
parts of complex words; it indicates that the00:11:15
components in a complex word00:11:17
are equivalent or that there is a foreign language00:11:20
part that was not completely built into the00:11:23
Russian language;00:11:25
the hyphen and often appear in units00:11:27
of measurement and in complex geographical00:11:30
names,00:11:33
but what should we do if we collide00:11:35
with this combination 3-story, here00:11:40
the parts of the word are clearly not equivalent00:11:43
because the basis of this word00:11:44
has become the phrase three floors, you can00:11:49
even designate the main words as a00:11:50
numeral and from it00:11:53
a question is raised to the noun,00:11:56
but how to display this dependence in a00:11:58
complex word,00:12:00
just write the words together three-story00:12:05
so together writing often shows00:12:08
that in a complex word00:12:10
one component depends on another00:12:13
Old Russian five-year agriculture00:12:18
early ripening00:12:20
work construction flat mountain00:12:24
if you look closely you can see that00:12:26
behind each of these words there are00:12:28
phrases with a subordinating connection and00:12:31
from one component to another you can00:12:34
pose a question,00:12:38
but of course there is also00:12:41
let's talk about our subtleties,00:12:44
write the words that were formed as a00:12:47
result of the fusion of phrases00:12:49
little-studied potent perishable00:12:53
highly educated00:12:56
promising fast-growing00:13:00
here the presence is simply attached to00:13:02
adjectives and participles and in some00:13:05
cases can be written separately from them00:13:07
promising a lot but delivering little00:13:11
student00:13:13
words with Greek and00:13:16
Latin prefixes are written together and with roots00:13:19
we have long been accustomed in speech to the roots of auto00:13:22
avio bio00:13:24
the bible wella gia graph cinema micro copper and00:13:30
moto radio telephoto background electro and so00:13:36
on00:13:37
prefixes anti hyper infra contour super00:13:42
trans ultra extra00:13:45
also have long been familiar to00:13:48
these words archival radio communication00:13:52
electrician00:13:53
pseudo scientist traffic inspector anti00:13:56
historical and others are written together,00:14:01
and what then is written separately,00:14:05
such combinations are dazzling white00:14:08
slavishly obedient world famous00:14:12
practically valuable00:14:14
these are adjectives with adverbs of measure and00:14:17
degree from one word to another, you can00:14:20
raise the question to what00:14:23
extent, in00:14:24
addition, the words in this case can be00:14:27
swapped00:14:30
so when words are written together and when00:14:33
separately00:14:35
together we write words that are00:14:37
formed from phrases then00:14:40
one part of the word depends on the other00:14:43
if the phrases have grown together into a single00:14:46
whole then we write a complex word together00:14:50
if the word has long-ago borrowed00:14:53
from Greek or Latin00:14:55
roots of the00:14:57
word written together00:14:59
and separately we will write adjectives with00:15:02
adverbs of degree00:15:04
until we meet in Russian lessonsDescription:
Слитное, раздельное, дефисное
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