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физика

физика 10 класс

видеоурок по физике

Реактивное движение

какое движение называют реактивным

что такое реактивная сила

принцип реактивного движения

применять закон сохранения импульса для реактивного движения

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[music]

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if you inflate a balloon and then

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release it without tying it, then under the influence of the

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escaping stream of air it will

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fly chaotically around the room, the movement of the ball

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is an example of jet motion,

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jet motion is called the movement of a

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body that occurs when some of

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its parts are separated at a certain speed

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relative to it,

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jet motion is very

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common a phenomenon in nature, it is

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used by some living creatures,

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squids, octopuses and cuttlefish, jellyfish, and

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so on, for their movement they

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suck in and then forcefully push out of

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themselves into the water. In nature, there are

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wild cucumber plants

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that, when ripe, throw out

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seeds. An example of jet propulsion

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is the movement of a rocket when flowing out

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of than a jet of combustible gas formed

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during the combustion of fuel, with such a movement a

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reactive force arises; a feature of the

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reactive force is the occurrence

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without interaction with external bodies, due to

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which a reactive motion arises

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according to Newton's third law, the force with

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which the rocket acts on the gases is

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equal in magnitude and opposite in

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direction to the force with by which the gases

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push the rocket away from itself, this force

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is called the reactive force

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before the launch of the rocket, its momentum is

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zero according to the law of conservation of momentum, the

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impulse of the escaping gases is equal to the

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momentum of the rocket from this equality

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we obtain the formula for the speed of the rocket from

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this formula it can be seen that the speed of the rocket is

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greater, the greater the speed of the

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emitted gases and the ratio of the mass of

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the fuel to the mass of the rocket, the

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speed formula is valid for the case of

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instantaneous combustion of fuel; in

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fact, the mass of the fuel

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decreases gradually; the exact formula

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for the speed of the rocket was obtained in 1897 by

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Tsialkovsky;

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nowadays

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jet engines are widely used in outer

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space, it is impossible to use other

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engines besides jet ones since

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there is no support pushing off from

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which the spacecraft could

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receive acceleration; a modern

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space rocket

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is a very complex device; it consists

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of a shell in which the payload is enclosed; an

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instrument compartment; tanks with fuel and

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oxidizer; and an engine; to achieve

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cosmic speeds and for

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longer flights,

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each multi-stage rocket is used a stage

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has its own tanks and its own engine, when

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the fuel runs out, the stage

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is fired and the

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next stage is put into operation in the first design of a

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rocket for space flights, proposed by

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Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky,

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Tsiolkovsky’s ideas were brought to life by the Soviet

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scientific design engineer,

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the main organizer of the production of

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rocket and space technology and rocket

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weapons in USSR

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Sergei Pavlovich Korolev

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October 4, 1957 is considered the beginning of the

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space age. On this day, the

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design team under the

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leadership of Korolev launched the

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first artificial earth satellite. On

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April 12, 1961, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, a

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three-stage Vostok One launch vehicle

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with a person on board took off into the sky. Yuri

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Alekseevich Gagarin,

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who discovered the road to space circled the

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globe in 108 minutes. On June 16, 1963, the

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first

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woman,

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Valentina Tereshkova, made her space flight. On March 18, 1965, the

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Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov

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made his first spacewalk. On July 21,

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1969, the American astronaut and

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Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the

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moon today.

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space exploration is of great importance, you

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can watch online what is

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happening in space thanks to a

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telescope rotating in orbit around the

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earth

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Поддержать канал (Сбербанк Visa): 4276 3020 0405 4663 - Урок 12. Реактивное движение Автор: Пацагова Хава Ширваниевна Видеоуроки Google Play - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.geographyofrussia.vu10 мы узнаем: - какое движение называют реактивным; - что такое «реактивная сила»; - принцип реактивного движения; мы научимся: - применять закон сохранения импульса для реактивного движения; - распознавать, воспроизводить, наблюдать реактивное движение; мы сможем: - применять полученные знания на практике при решении физических задач на закон сохранения импульса; - отличать реактивное движение от других видов движения.

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