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  • ruRussian
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00:00:03
[music]
00:00:11
hello today the topic of our lesson is
00:00:14
Anna Akhmatova and the poem requiem
00:00:17
as a poetic document of the era. Today in the
00:00:20
lesson you will learn how
00:00:22
works and life are connected and discuss the
00:00:25
genre, determine the role of composition in
00:00:27
revealing the idea of ​​the work, look at
00:00:29
the episodes of the poem and determine the role of means of
00:00:32
artistic expression
00:00:33
am Akhmatova is considered to be a chamber,
00:00:36
very personal poet; let me remind you that she
00:00:39
wrote in the literary direction of
00:00:41
Acmeism, where physiology,
00:00:44
everyday life sketches are very important for this direction,
00:00:47
the image of the physical world is very important;
00:00:59
Boris Zaitsev
00:01:00
about Akhmatova after reading both the poem
00:01:03
Requiem in 1963 abroad, I saw
00:01:07
Akhmatova from Tsarskoye Selo, a cheerful sinner
00:01:10
and mocker,
00:01:11
could it be imagined then that
00:01:13
this fragile and thin woman would give
00:01:16
such a cry of a
00:01:17
female maternal whopper not only about
00:01:19
herself but about everyone suffering
00:01:21
wives, mothers of brides, where did the
00:01:24
masculine power of the poem come from, the simplicity of its
00:01:27
thunder of words, as if from ordinary ones, but buzzing like a
00:01:29
funeral bell,
00:01:31
striking the human heart and arousing
00:01:34
the admiration of the artist, and at the heart of the poem, the
00:01:38
requiem is the personal tragedy of Anna Akhmatova,
00:01:41
her son Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov was
00:01:44
arrested three times, the first time as a student
00:01:47
Faculty of History, I lie, he was
00:01:50
arrested in the year thirty-five, but then he was
00:01:52
quickly released thanks to a letter
00:01:54
that Anna Akhmatova wrote to
00:01:56
Stalin himself, in the thirty-eighth year he was
00:01:59
again sentenced, but already 10 years of exile
00:02:03
later this punishment was commuted to
00:02:05
five years and in the forty-ninth year
00:02:08
he was sentenced for the third time sentenced to death, but after
00:02:11
all, the punishment was softened somewhat and
00:02:14
he was sent into exile. Anna Akhmatova
00:02:16
considered the last exile not a punishment
00:02:20
for her son, but rather a punishment for her, since it
00:02:23
was essentially revenge; of course, the
00:02:27
question arises before us: the mother’s private grief
00:02:29
or tragedy of an entire people,
00:02:32
we can find the answer in the lines of the poem requiem, we
00:02:34
will read no, and not in an alien firmament
00:02:38
and not under the protection of alien Crimea, I was
00:02:41
then with my people
00:02:43
where my people were in misfortune, as we
00:02:46
see, these lines tell us that
00:02:48
after all the poem is like a reflection of the fate of an
00:02:51
entire people who suffered during
00:02:54
the repressions, are you familiar with this word?
00:02:56
Let's take a closer look at what
00:03:01
depression repressions are, these are forms of
00:03:03
political violence
00:03:05
that are used by government
00:03:07
agencies in order to preserve the current
00:03:09
political regime, it can
00:03:11
manifest itself in the form of censorship,
00:03:13
arrests, exiles or even executions, as
00:03:17
we remember The
00:03:18
beginning of the twentieth century is characterized by a
00:03:20
terrible tragedy before us - Stalin's
00:03:23
mass repressions
00:03:25
are repressions that were carried out in the
00:03:28
period of the 1920s to the 1950s until the
00:03:32
death of Stalin in the fifty-third year,
00:03:34
but the bloodiest years are considered to be 37
00:03:38
and 38, it was at this time that for
00:03:41
political reasons more than a
00:03:43
million 300 thousand people were convicted,
00:03:47
more than 600 thousand people were shot in just one
00:03:50
year, the period of the most massive repressions of the
00:03:53
people was christened with great terror, it was
00:03:56
during this period that the
00:04:00
head of the NKVD,
00:04:02
Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov, was appointed; we
00:04:05
will also meet his name in Akhmatova’s poem,
00:04:07
let’s see, so let’s read instead of the
00:04:12
terrible preface years of the Yezhovshchina I spent 17
00:04:16
months in prison queues in Leningrad
00:04:18
one day someone recognized me, then
00:04:21
a woman with blue lips standing behind me
00:04:23
who, of course, had never
00:04:26
heard my name in her life, woke up from the
00:04:28
stupor that is characteristic of us all and
00:04:30
asked
00:04:31
me in my ear there everyone spoke in a whisper, and
00:04:34
you can describe this, I said, I can
00:04:38
then something like a smile slipped across the
00:04:41
fact that her face had once been here, we
00:04:45
see that this period was christened the period of the
00:04:48
Yezhovshchina, it was at
00:04:49
this time that Yezhov was appointed to the
00:04:51
post of head of the
00:04:52
NKVD, we also see here is vocabulary
00:04:55
that refers us to a mourning
00:04:58
event, someone identified me, a woman with
00:05:02
blue lips, everyone spoke in a whisper, like
00:05:06
at a funeral,
00:05:07
she woke up from a stupor,
00:05:10
something like a smile, all these words
00:05:13
show us the state of people who
00:05:16
are waiting in lines for at least some news about
00:05:18
their loved ones, an unusual word that is
00:05:21
used to title the poem, requiem
00:05:24
is a religious term that
00:05:27
denotes holding a funeral
00:05:29
church service for a person who has already died,
00:05:32
Anna Akhmatova
00:05:34
dedicated her work to all victims of the regime that
00:05:38
was destined for death by the ruling power,
00:05:41
this is the heartbreaking groan of all mothers
00:05:44
and daughters who see off their
00:05:47
loved ones on the chopping block, the poem was
00:05:50
written in the period from 35 to the forties.
00:05:54
The most active periods can be considered the
00:05:56
37 and 38 years. One of Anna
00:06:00
Akhmatova’s admirers remembers that he once
00:06:02
asked Anna Andreevna how did you
00:06:04
manage to keep a record of these poems through all the hard years,
00:06:07
to which Anna Akhmatova
00:06:10
answered, but I didn’t write them down, I carried
00:06:13
them through two heart attacks in my memory. It’s interesting
00:06:16
that
00:06:17
these poems were kept only in the memory of
00:06:19
Anna Akhmatova’s dear people, they
00:06:22
remembered them because immediately after
00:06:24
writing these lines, Anna Akhmatova burned them,
00:06:31
naturally, they could not publish this poem in the
00:06:34
USSR for the first time it will be
00:06:37
published in Munich in sixty-
00:06:39
three, where she ends up thanks to
00:06:42
Anna Akhmatova’s friends in sixty-two,
00:06:44
when all the poems were written down on paper,
00:06:46
Anna Akhmatova proudly reported that
00:06:49
11 people knew the poem
00:06:51
and none of them betrayed the poet,
00:06:58
the poem itself is very unusual and complex and and the
00:07:01
composition is arranged in a special way,
00:07:03
let's look first of all, it
00:07:05
includes an epigraph, also text
00:07:08
instead of a preface,
00:07:10
dedication of the introduction and 10 chapters, three of
00:07:13
which have a title, for example, chapter 7
00:07:16
is called sentence 8 to death
00:07:19
10 crucifixions, the poem ends with an epilogue
00:07:22
which consists of 3 parts, let's
00:07:25
open the text and let's try to read
00:07:27
the introduction by which we'll try
00:07:29
to analyze what and how it works in the
00:07:32
poem, it was when only the
00:07:35
dead smiled at the calmness of the glad and unnecessary
00:07:38
brought com hung out near their prisons
00:07:41
Leningrad and when, maddened by torment, the
00:07:45
already condemned regiments walked and a short song of
00:07:48
separation the locomotives sang the whistles of the
00:07:52
death stars stood above us and innocent
00:07:54
Russia writhed under bloody boots and
00:07:58
under the tires of black marusa
00:08:00
a small excerpt in which there are a lot of
00:08:03
references let's see what is
00:08:06
encrypted here first of all here
00:08:08
as you see the abundance of terrible metaphors
00:08:11
that convey the grief of a mother Leningrad
00:08:14
here as something unnecessary empty without
00:08:16
dear people people they behave very
00:08:20
unusually, they are mad with torment, yes here
00:08:23
we hear songs of separation, also here the
00:08:26
image of the
00:08:27
death star appears, a biblical image that
00:08:30
refers us to the apocalypse, there is also an
00:08:33
interesting feature of the time,
00:08:35
perhaps it was not clear to you what kind of
00:08:37
black marusi
00:08:38
there is
00:08:39
food, black cars in which the arrested were taken away
00:08:42
first stanza
00:08:45
they took you away at dawn after you, as if on a
00:08:49
take-out, walked into a dark upper room, the children cried at the shrine,
00:08:52
a candle floated on your lips, the
00:08:56
cold icons of a mortal under began not to
00:08:59
forget, I will, like the Streltsy wives under the
00:09:03
Kremlin towers, be first of all
00:09:05
before us here, the
00:09:07
motive of the funeral, look at how to take out the
00:09:11
body was being taken out of the house, the image of a funeral
00:09:16
candle,
00:09:17
the cold of a mortal icon, underneath all this
00:09:21
gives us a feeling of imminent death,
00:09:25
also here the last two lines are not ordinary,
00:09:28
let’s analyze them, they
00:09:30
refer us to the lament in the first chapter,
00:09:33
we have
00:09:34
a text that is stylized as a mother’s lament, the
00:09:37
lament is an ancient ritual song
00:09:40
which is used at funerals,
00:09:41
weddings or wakes in the first chapter, this is a
00:09:44
mother’s cry for her son to take his mother to prison,
00:09:48
and it is very similar to a peasant’s
00:09:50
cry for a dead man, how he predicts the
00:09:54
fate of his son, how is a mother’s cry connected
00:09:58
with folklore, in the second chapter,
00:10:00
let’s read the silent yellow Don flowing quietly
00:10:04
the month enters the house enters with
00:10:07
his hat on one side you
00:10:08
see the yellow moon shadow this woman is
00:10:11
sick
00:10:12
this woman is alone her husband is in the grave her son is in
00:10:15
prison pray for me such an
00:10:18
appeal to folk motifs here it is no
00:10:21
coincidence that we have a text that is very
00:10:23
similar to the cradle but the lullaby is
00:10:25
terrible because before we understand
00:10:27
the torment of a woman who is on the verge of
00:10:30
madness; let us remember that a
00:10:34
lullaby is a genre of oral folk
00:10:35
art in which a mother, lulling a
00:10:38
child, often imagines what the
00:10:41
future of her son or daughter will be like,
00:10:43
but in this case we understand that the
00:10:45
son’s future is
00:10:46
hopeless; another fragment to show
00:10:51
being a mocker and a favorite all the friends of
00:10:54
the Tsarskoye Selo cheerful sinner, what
00:10:57
will happen to your life like 300
00:11:00
from the transfer, you will stand under the crosses and burn through the
00:11:03
New Year's ice with your hot tears
00:11:06
there, the prison poplar sways and
00:11:09
not a sound, and how many innocent lives there
00:11:13
end here in this line we see
00:11:16
a reference to the youth of the heroine and
00:11:19
I remember her Tsarskoye Selo past,
00:11:22
as you remember, Anna Akhmatova studied at the
00:11:25
Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum like Pushkin, also
00:11:28
here we can meet the antithesis
00:11:30
when the cheerful and easy past suddenly
00:11:34
gives way to a terrible present chapter 5 17
00:11:38
months I scream
00:11:40
calling you home threw myself at the feet of the executioner
00:11:43
you are the son and my horror
00:11:45
everything is mixed up century and less
00:11:47
now to make out who is the beast who is the
00:11:50
man and how long is the execution and waiting and
00:11:52
only lush flowers and loudly efficient
00:11:55
if you are somewhere in nowhere and looking straight into my
00:11:58
eyes and a
00:12:01
huge star threatens with imminent death fifth chapter
00:12:04
climax in it we see despair
00:12:07
the mother driven to a frenzy by her
00:12:10
grief is not by chance that funeral symbolism is used here:
00:12:12
execution lush flowers
00:12:15
ringing incense early death all this
00:12:19
helps us understand that a
00:12:20
terrible fatal finale is approaching and in the seventh chapter
00:12:27
this finale is shown to us; the son is
00:12:30
sentenced and the stone words fell on my
00:12:34
still living chest, nothing after all I was
00:12:37
ready to cope with this somehow
00:12:40
I have a lot to do today I need to
00:12:43
completely kill my memory I need the soul to petrify I
00:12:46
need to learn to live again here already in the
00:12:50
first lines we see two metaphors
00:12:52
that form the antithesis of the stone words of the
00:12:56
sentence
00:12:57
falling on a still living chest that
00:13:00
glimmers of hope for salvation, here
00:13:04
we also encounter such a device as anaphora. As
00:13:07
you can see, it brings this text closer to
00:13:09
prayer; a mother in despair still
00:13:12
hopes for a successful outcome;
00:13:14
driven to near madness,
00:13:18
the poetess here addresses no one like
00:13:20
death;
00:13:21
of course, the technique of personification is used here;
00:13:23
let’s look towards death,
00:13:27
you are everything anyway, you’ll come, why not now,
00:13:30
I’m waiting for you, it’s not very difficult, I put out
00:13:33
the light and opened the door for you, so simple
00:13:37
and wonderful, if not for this, any kind of rush in with a
00:13:39
poisoned shell or with a
00:13:42
weight, sneak up like an experienced bandit,
00:13:45
or poison a child with a diffuse one, here we
00:13:48
see that the mother is like she would bargain with
00:13:50
death, she offers her life in exchange for the
00:13:52
life of her son, in the ninth chapter there will be a
00:13:56
terrible meeting between mother and son, that’s what
00:13:58
we will find here, already madness
00:14:02
has covered half with the wing of the soul and gives it fiery wine and
00:14:05
beckons into the black valleys. In this same part we
00:14:09
also find biblical motifs where the
00:14:11
poetess compares herself with the image of the
00:14:14
long-suffering mother of Christ, we read
00:14:18
Magdalene fought and sobbed the student’s favorite
00:14:21
stone from where the mother stood silently
00:14:24
so no one looked and did not dare in the
00:14:28
epilogue Akhmatova calls not to forget the
00:14:30
suffering of the people that fell during this
00:14:33
terrible period and writes this I will dedicate
00:14:36
not but if ever - Someday in this country they will
00:14:38
plan to erect a monument, I do not
00:14:41
consent to this, I give a celebration, but only
00:14:43
on the condition that
00:14:44
it not be placed near mine, where I
00:14:47
was born
00:14:48
last, we see the connection is severed, not in the
00:14:50
royal garden near the treasured stump, where the shadow is
00:14:53
inconsolably
00:14:54
looking for me, but here where I stood for 300 hours
00:14:57
and where they didn’t open the bolt for me, as you can
00:15:01
see, the monument was eventually erected in
00:15:04
St. Petersburg, a
00:15:05
monument not only to Anna Akhmatova, but also to
00:15:08
all the mothers, wives and daughters who
00:15:11
were waiting for news about their loved ones, the requiem is a
00:15:15
monument to a contemporary of Anna Akhmatova, and the
00:15:18
living and the dead
00:15:19
must not forget the terrible tragedies so
00:15:22
that they don’t happen again in the future,
00:15:25
and that’s all for me, I hope everything
00:15:28
was clear to you and see you soon
00:15:33
[music]

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Тема урока: Анна Ахматова. Поэма «Реквием» - поэтический «документ» эпохи С понедельника по пятницу с 09:00-18:00 телевизионные уроки в эфире EL ARNA Запись телеуроков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDIwNJYcIQ77fZ7Tqrb5myYpNtQbhnA4p https://edu.elarna.kz/ru/tv-lessons

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mobile menu iconHow can I download "Русская литература. 11 класс. Анна Ахматова. Поэма «Реквием» /15.12.2020/" video to my phone?mobile menu icon

  • You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

mobile menu iconHow can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Русская литература. 11 класс. Анна Ахматова. Поэма «Реквием» /15.12.2020/"?mobile menu icon

  • The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

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  • This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

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  • It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.