Download "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС"

Please wait. We're preparing links for easy ad-free video watching and downloading.

Previous video: БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ. Дети из ПРОБИРКИ, роды из БИОПАКЕТА — ТОПЛЕС Next video: КАК РАБОТАЕТ БИТКОИН? — ТОПЛЕС

0:00

Введение в тему

4:47

Стандартная модель

9:35

Сильное взаимодействие

12:45

Электромагнитное взаимодействие

23:18

Слабое взаимодействие

28:45

Гравитация

35:16

Поле Хиггса

37:00

Заключение

КАК РАБОТАЕТ БИТКОИН? — ТОПЛЕС

КАК РАБОТАЕТ БИТКОИН? — ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ. Дети из ПРОБИРКИ, роды из БИОПАКЕТА — ТОПЛЕС

БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ. Дети из ПРОБИРКИ, роды из БИОПАКЕТА — ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

МЕГАПРОЕКТЫ: ВЕЛИКАЯ БИТВА С ВОДОЙ — ТОПЛЕС

МЕГАПРОЕКТЫ: ВЕЛИКАЯ БИТВА С ВОДОЙ — ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

Когда ОБЕЗЬЯНА станет ЧЕЛОВЕКОМ? Самый первый человек на Земле — ТОПЛЕС

Когда ОБЕЗЬЯНА станет ЧЕЛОВЕКОМ? Самый первый человек на Земле — ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

Как ЭТО понимать? ДЕРЗКИЕ художники СССР — ТОПЛЕС

Как ЭТО понимать? ДЕРЗКИЕ художники СССР — ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

Три дурацких случая, изменившие мир - ТОПЛЕС

Три дурацких случая, изменившие мир - ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

Почему ОНИ это ДЕЛАЮТ? — ТОПЛЕС

Почему ОНИ это ДЕЛАЮТ? — ТОПЛЕС

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

PROFILING. How do they see through you? — TOPLES

PROFILING. How do they see through you? — TOPLES

Channel: ТОПЛЕС

топлес

ян топлес

ян лапотков

topless

топлес шоу

я не каспар

янекаспар

физика

квантовая

частицы

атом

Вселенная

Большой взрыв

Стандартная модель

00:00:00

Life is like chess, the

00:00:04

knight moves with the letter G, the

00:00:08

queen moves in all directions,

00:00:13

each piece has its own clear rules, the

00:00:16

same way nature plays chess

00:00:19

at the fundamental level, this game

00:00:22

is called quantum physics, but

00:00:25

its rules are not written anywhere, there are no

00:00:28

training manuals from the best grandmasters

00:00:30

of physics to us All that remains is to observe its

00:00:33

moves and try to understand what

00:00:36

rules nature plays by. But if in

00:00:39

chess you can cheat. If you want to,

00:00:41

let’s say your opponent was gape and you

00:00:43

went the wrong way and he didn’t notice, then nature won’t let you

00:00:46

cheat;

00:00:49

you won’t be able to make the wrong moves

00:00:51

physically, this helps scientists learn

00:00:54

from nature the rules of the game; they conduct

00:00:57

experiments and see which moves

00:00:59

can be made and which cannot. So they

00:01:02

make their own manuals. This allows

00:01:05

them to answer the most childish and, in fact, the

00:01:08

most important questions: why things

00:01:11

exist, what they are made of and why they

00:01:13

behave this is exactly how in this issue we

00:01:16

have chewed up as much as possible what is perhaps the most

00:01:18

difficult topic for us - the nature of matter and

00:01:22

all the forces in the Universe; less big

00:01:24

words; this issue will be devoted

00:01:26

only to the fundamental foundations of the universe.

00:01:29

Pick up a pen and a notebook and

00:01:32

put them aside. After all, you won’t need them

00:01:34

because here there won’t be a single

00:01:37

formula except the most important one, but

00:01:40

there’s still a chance that you’ll say you didn’t understand anything,

00:01:43

but it’s very interesting now you’ll find out

00:01:47

what fields the entire universe is permeated with,

00:01:49

how particles are born from pure energy

00:01:52

Why it’s physically impossible to kiss

00:01:54

a person without giving him a kick By the way, also

00:01:57

what textbooks deceived you and why

00:01:59

Electron is everywhere and nowhere due to which

00:02:03

all our senses actually work

00:02:04

Why Gravity is the

00:02:07

biggest illusion and the planets do not rotate

00:02:09

what is behind the laws of physics how

00:02:12

to understand all this quantum mania and

00:02:14

why we should shut up Uh-

00:02:16

huh

00:02:17

[music]

00:02:37

now many have blown away the foreigners;

00:02:40

if before we used it

00:02:43

to go on vacation, now thousands of

00:02:46

people cross the border just to

00:02:48

feel normal and work calmly; there’s

00:03:00

no comparison with this guy,

00:03:01

even though he smiles as if he’s

00:03:04

in pain, he holds the pleasant record of being the

00:03:06

fattest foreigner in the world, he has

00:03:09

331 pages of travel, he got a

00:03:12

job as a translator and then

00:03:14

got free jobs, he flew to have dinner

00:03:17

and spend the night in Hong Kong in his entire life,

00:03:20

he collected his foreigners have a record

00:03:23

number of pages of more than 1400. He just found

00:03:26

a loophole, met the employees of

00:03:27

the embassy at the bank

00:03:30

without any questions, though in 2016

00:03:37

on the page, so his record remains

00:03:39

unbroken. I also have a loophole for you,

00:03:41

how to

00:03:43

travel abroad unlimitedly even more often than in

00:03:45

Erikoborsk and without leaving from your

00:03:48

own room, send your

00:03:50

traffic on a journey with Surf Shark

00:03:52

VPN You will have access to all

00:03:54

blocked sites, the entire American

00:03:56

netflix library And on Android,

00:03:59

there is also a camouflage mode for replacing GPS coordinates,

00:04:01

which will further hide your

00:04:04

traffic from prying eyes and will not allow the

00:04:06

authorities to monitor it it’s as if at the

00:04:09

airport you carried your luggage past

00:04:10

the x-ray and smiled at the security, but

00:04:13

the main life hack is that Shah gives VPN

00:04:15

for an unlimited number of devices

00:04:17

connect yourself colleagues sister brother

00:04:20

close friends it doesn’t matter boss Let

00:04:23

everyone chip in And they say thank you from

00:04:26

me keep this promo code of course

00:04:28

topless it’s like a golden card with miles

00:04:31

only in the world ball - it’s an

00:04:33

85% discount and 3 months of free

00:04:37

use worthy Discover the

00:04:40

Internet without prohibitions and surveillance via the link

00:04:43

in the description

00:04:46

and yop and yang

00:04:49

my hand

00:04:52

hair head chain T-shirt This is a

00:04:55

stone wall your sense of touch my voice the

00:04:57

smells around me and you all of this at a

00:05:01

deep level consists of the

00:05:04

same particles the

00:05:05

ancient Greeks guessed about this

00:05:07

they came up with the word atom What does

00:05:10

indivisible mean but in the 20th century it turned out that the

00:05:12

Greeks were not right in everything Atoms are

00:05:15

divisible and more how they consist of even

00:05:17

smaller particles electrons protons

00:05:20

and neutrons which in turn

00:05:22

are divided into quarks electrons

00:05:25

cannot be divided further Well, at least for

00:05:27

now that’s why they are called

00:05:28

fundamental

00:05:30

and they are united by the standard model

00:05:36

standard model

00:05:38

standard model we have already

00:05:41

mentioned it more than once in our issues And this

00:05:44

model of what is the model of modern physics,

00:05:47

what is the standard with which

00:05:49

most scientists agree, like the

00:05:51

periodic table, but only at an even more

00:05:53

fundamental level. So, the standard

00:05:56

model of 17 particles looks complicated, but don’t be

00:05:58

alarmed, in fact, everything that we see,

00:06:01

feel and hear consists of only

00:06:03

these three particles up and down

00:06:05

quarks that stick together, a bucket of an atom

00:06:07

and an electron that flies around this

00:06:10

nucleus, plus there is also nitrina, a

00:06:12

tiny penny of change

00:06:14

that flies out when particles decay in an

00:06:17

atom, it is not contained, but

00:06:19

trillions of them pass through your body per second,

00:06:21

each of these four particles has more

00:06:23

two copies each, which do

00:06:26

not differ from them in anything except mass; on earth there are almost

00:06:28

none of them, we observe them only in the collider.

00:06:30

But in the Universe there are, for example, they

00:06:33

appear in the sun, these fundamental ones,

00:06:38

we cannot say anything about them In the

00:06:40

usual sense of the word What is the size of a

00:06:42

quark What is the color Electron What does

00:06:46

nitritrine smell like all these questions don’t make

00:06:48

sense the fundamental particles have neither

00:06:51

a front nor a back side you can’t

00:06:53

put a mark on them Because the mark itself

00:06:55

will be much larger than the particle on

00:06:58

which we are going to put it it’s

00:07:00

like measuring a bacterium with a caliper yes it’s

00:07:03

fun Funny but Physically impossible

00:07:07

So particles are not points and are definitely not

00:07:12

balls, imagine them as splashes on an

00:07:15

endless smooth surface which physicists

00:07:17

call a field, they are born in pairs, the

00:07:19

particle is anti-cleaned and quickly

00:07:22

destroys each other, so the field is

00:07:24

agitated like water, just like in the

00:07:27

ocean there is some kind of turbulence, you know,

00:07:29

so is the field has a kind of

00:07:31

turbulence, physicists call it a

00:07:33

fluctuation, fluctuations create

00:07:35

virtual particles and they are called that

00:07:37

not because No, they exist and we

00:07:39

see it in the equations, but the laws of physics do not

00:07:42

allow them to be detected so quickly they are

00:07:44

born and disappear, sometimes the energy in the

00:07:47

field becomes enough for

00:07:48

virtual particles has turned into a

00:07:51

real one, which

00:07:53

our instruments on the field can already register, they

00:07:56

look like large bursts,

00:07:57

let’s assume now we see the top

00:07:59

quark, one of the particles of the standard model,

00:08:01

as I said earlier, they have neither shape,

00:08:03

nor smell, nor color, and we can only describe them

00:08:05

using numbers first the number is

00:08:08

very simple, it’s mass, for example, a

00:08:10

top quark is 300,000 times heavier than an

00:08:12

electron. And all neutrinos are so light

00:08:15

that we can’t even calculate their mass. The

00:08:17

second number is an electric charge,

00:08:20

it can be plus minus or Zero, there is also a

00:08:23

third parameter, spin. But if you do

00:08:25

n’t have tomorrow to take an exam in quantum physics,

00:08:27

it’s better not to even try to understand it.

00:08:29

So, particles differ from each other in

00:08:32

mass and charge, but Matter particles not

00:08:36

only exist, they also interact

00:08:39

with each other, that is, chess pieces on the

00:08:41

board somehow walk and devour each other

00:08:43

and all this under clear rules Also, our

00:08:46

hand does not pass through the table, not because

00:08:48

it is dense, in the quantum world there is

00:08:51

no density, but because the particles

00:08:53

in the hand and the table have rules prohibiting

00:08:56

such a cheating move, all the rules of chess

00:08:59

can be fit into one thin manual,

00:09:02

and how many rules does the Universe have? only

00:09:04

four are strong electromagnetic

00:09:07

weak and gravitational interaction

00:09:09

this part of the standard model is responsible for everything except gravity

00:09:12

Particles that

00:09:14

are called bosons they are like couriers

00:09:16

moving between particles of matter

00:09:18

telling them how to act Well,

00:09:20

speaking in the language of fields, bosons are

00:09:22

transmitters between fields of matter that

00:09:24

transmit interaction interaction

00:09:27

is the main or rather the only forces

00:09:30

of nature that we know

00:09:32

Today, which of them is the most powerful strong

00:09:36

interaction

00:09:38

So what does the strong interaction

00:09:41

glue the particles inside the nucleus of an atom

00:09:44

very tightly thanks to this process we

00:09:47

completely maintain integrity

00:10:01

and in the neutron, on the contrary, one upper two

00:10:04

lower A these quarks glue

00:10:06

together carriers of the strong

00:10:08

interaction glions from the English

00:10:10

Glue glue they do not allow us

00:10:13

to fall apart into quarks you

00:10:15

can’t even imagine how

00:10:16

strong the glue is If you try to

00:10:20

test it for strength, you will find the most

00:10:23

paradoxical focus of the strong

00:10:25

interaction glions like springs The

00:10:28

stronger they are stretched the more they are

00:10:30

pulled back towards the quark so far it is logical Yes, but

00:10:33

look further if we apply

00:10:35

enough force to tear off one

00:10:37

quark we will not get a torn off particle,

00:10:39

no, in its place another quark will immediately appear

00:10:42

which will pull it back in. And a

00:10:44

pair of antiquarks will appear that has been torn off, that

00:10:47

is, having torn off one quark we will get

00:10:49

two more new ones, you know how with the mythical

00:10:52

hydra you cut off one head in its place

00:10:54

two more notes grow

00:11:01

So where did two new particles come from you yourself

00:11:05

just created them by tearing off a quark you

00:11:07

applied so much energy that this

00:11:09

energy turned into two more new

00:11:11

particles a quark and an antiquark after all, Energy and

00:11:14

mass in the quantum world are one and the same.

00:11:18

Look at what the mass of particles is measured in,

00:11:20

not grams and kilograms, and electronvolts are

00:11:23

like joules, units of energy, just the

00:11:25

impossibility of getting a single quark and

00:11:27

holds protons and neutrons together

00:11:29

to form a nucleus and see how it’s

00:11:32

cleverly designed inside protons and

00:11:34

neutrons, the quarks also try to fly apart,

00:11:35

constantly stretching the

00:11:38

gulion springs, and when the voltage

00:11:39

reaches the Peak, that very pair of

00:11:42

quarks and antiquarks is born, one quark remains in the

00:11:44

proton and turns it into a Neutron and the

00:11:46

other jumps to neutrons and

00:11:48

turns it into a Proton, that is, protons

00:11:50

and neutrons constantly exchange such in

00:11:52

pairs and turn into each other, but the

00:11:54

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is

00:11:57

always preserved, and it is precisely due to the

00:11:59

constant exchange of quarks between

00:12:01

protons and electrons that they do not fly apart,

00:12:03

but sit tightly in the nucleus. Imagine

00:12:06

how two people constantly

00:12:08

exchange currencies and cannot tear themselves away

00:12:09

from each other

00:12:11

the economy lives While people exchange

00:12:14

goods and services, the nucleus lives as long as

00:12:16

protons are not thrones exchange quarks

00:12:19

Okay, the strong interaction with the help of

00:12:21

gions binds quarks into protons and

00:12:23

neutrons, and the protons and neutrons themselves into the nucleus,

00:12:25

this rule is enough to assemble a

00:12:27

stable nucleus But this is the power of the

00:12:31

strong interaction As they say

00:12:32

everything But nuclei are not yet an atom Yes, an atom is

00:12:36

missing at least one

00:12:38

Electronics to attach an Electron to a

00:12:41

nucleus and assemble a full-fledged atom we

00:12:43

will need the following force

00:12:46

electromagnetic interaction

00:12:49

about finally something familiar

00:12:51

Electricity and magnetism yes It’s clear

00:12:54

why they are needed well there’s light and sound

00:12:56

neodymium magnets from Chinese

00:12:58

stores and conversations in Zoom and even

00:13:01

YouTube Yes, current runs through the wires

00:13:03

electrons according to the circuits of your device and

00:13:06

then produces a signal on the screen that is what is

00:13:10

happening right now, but not only

00:13:12

electromagnetism it is also tastes, smells

00:13:16

and even touch Yes, this is the most the

00:13:19

interaction we feel thanks to

00:13:22

it we see we hear we smell we feel

00:13:27

and even more for the fact that you

00:13:30

stand firmly on your feet and don’t walk right through the

00:13:32

floor and some of you sit firmly on your

00:13:34

ass and don’t fall through the sofa

00:13:36

We can also thank

00:13:38

electromagnetic interaction but it

00:13:40

all starts with the photon is precisely the photon,

00:13:43

the carrier of electromagnetic

00:13:44

interaction, it acts on all these

00:13:47

particles in the table that have an

00:13:49

electric charge, the photon itself has no

00:13:52

mass, it, like a weightless courier,

00:13:54

moves at the speed of light between

00:13:56

particles between charged particles and

00:13:59

allows them to feel each other, all

00:14:01

charged particles in the Universe communicate with

00:14:02

each other with each other using photons at every

00:14:05

moment of time they send photons in

00:14:07

all directions at once particles with the same

00:14:09

charge transmit information to each other

00:14:11

don’t come near me push away and particles

00:14:14

with different charges command each other

00:14:16

already opposite I see you Let’s

00:14:18

attract it’s like two

00:14:21

people standing on a boat push away from

00:14:23

each other throwing a sword or

00:14:25

approach throwing a boomerang

00:14:27

only at the quantum level everything

00:14:29

happens due to photons

00:14:31

electromagnetic interaction this

00:14:33

is the force that attracts a

00:14:34

negatively charged and funnel to a

00:14:36

positively charged nucleus and Let's

00:14:39

repeat again Yes An electron in orbit

00:14:43

is None there is not a ball there But this

00:14:46

cloud of probability all these balls are not

00:14:49

different electrons but perhaps the position of

00:14:51

one single electron where it is

00:14:54

more likely here or here it is

00:14:56

unlikely here and certainly not here here are

00:14:59

real photos of a hydrogen atom with one

00:15:01

electrode actually in these

00:15:03

electron shells can accommodate

00:15:04

several electrons at once, they seem to

00:15:07

divide the room in the first shell for

00:15:09

a month, two electrons in the second six in

00:15:12

the third 10 and so on And this is the only way you

00:15:15

can’t do this anymore. This is called the

00:15:16

Pauli exclusion principle and what does this principle give us?

00:15:21

Well, for example, all of chemistry you Have you

00:15:24

ever thought about what chemistry is,

00:15:26

it is physics,

00:15:29

the physics of electron shells is a narrow but

00:15:33

very important part of science that

00:15:35

explains how atoms combine into

00:15:38

molecules, here we will show a simplified

00:15:40

view - atoms want to fill the outer

00:15:42

shell completely even if it is necessary

00:15:44

to take away an Electron from others, for example,

00:15:46

hydrogen atoms have one electron per the

00:15:49

simplest shell where two can fit,

00:15:51

so they cling to each other,

00:15:54

share an electron and unite, your two are

00:15:57

more stable molecular hydrogen, the

00:15:59

oxygen atom lacks two

00:16:00

electrons, so it catches these two

00:16:03

hydrogen atoms and clings to their electrons,

00:16:05

so you get a super stable

00:16:08

water molecule H2O but what do we need it’s a matter of

00:16:10

attraction or repulsion of particles there at the

00:16:13

molecular level. We don’t even notice

00:16:15

how we can feel

00:16:17

electromagnetism on ourselves, remember I said

00:16:20

that my hand is on quarks Thanks to the

00:16:22

strong interaction But thanks to the

00:16:24

electromagnetic interaction, my hand does not pass

00:16:27

through the table, this is the very rule

00:16:30

I was talking about Previously, the atoms of the hand and the

00:16:32

table are filled with electrons. So they

00:16:35

no longer need the Pauli principle, which forbids

00:16:37

them to take more. Therefore, when I put my

00:16:39

hand on the table, the negatively charged

00:16:42

electron shells, exchanging

00:16:43

photons, tell each other that they

00:16:46

have come too close, begin

00:16:48

to repel each other and flatly refuse to

00:16:50

approach any more. I didn't

00:16:52

press this repulsion and makes

00:16:54

objects seem solid we found a

00:16:57

funny analogy for you Imagine that the

00:16:59

balls are electron shells And the guys

00:17:01

inside are nuclei no matter how many guys

00:17:04

jump on each other They won't be able to

00:17:06

touch each other at least

00:17:07

until the balls burst if I right now

00:17:10

I want to feel the full force of

00:17:12

electromagnetic interaction on myself,

00:17:21

all I have to do is run into this wall and then I will have

00:17:23

a bump and a bruise, although at the atomic level I wo

00:17:27

n’t even touch it. Do you understand what this

00:17:29

means? This means that no

00:17:31

touching does not exist it is an illusion

00:17:33

you will never be able to hug

00:17:35

kiss or hit a person

00:17:38

for real at the atomic level

00:17:40

electrons will repel each

00:17:42

other and will never allow atoms

00:17:44

to touch So when something

00:17:46

touches rubs stretches or cuts

00:17:49

it is always an electromagnetic

00:17:51

interaction knife on in fact, it doesn’t

00:17:53

cut the oil, but pushes its atoms apart like the

00:17:56

Moses of water, the electromagnetic

00:17:58

interaction works 100 times weaker than

00:18:00

the strong one, but it works not only on a

00:18:03

microscale, but in general at an Infinite

00:18:05

distance. That is why, thanks to the

00:18:08

electromagnetic interaction, you and I

00:18:10

can see well

00:18:11

[music]

00:18:16

by a photon, it doesn’t matter if there is light in the room or

00:18:20

not, objects emit photons; the lamp on

00:18:23

this table tells the molecules of

00:18:26

the table with photons that it cannot fall through it; the

00:18:28

T-shirt hangs on my

00:18:30

shoulders because a

00:18:32

particle of my body tells with photons that its particles should

00:18:35

repel; I hear the fallen object.

00:18:37

Because with any disturbance of the

00:18:40

air molecule with the help photons transmit the

00:18:42

command to each other not to approach and,

00:18:44

pushing off from each other, carries

00:18:46

vibrations to the membrane of the ear, and

00:18:49

I smell the smells of these flowers because the molecules of the

00:18:51

odorous substance land on my

00:18:53

receptors in the nose and cling to it

00:18:55

also with the help of electromagnetic forces,

00:18:57

transferring photons to each other, and what if

00:19:00

we turn on the light, a stream of photons, already in the form of

00:19:02

visible Light, will begin to fly out of the lamp,

00:19:05

reflecting from all objects at the same time

00:19:07

and flying into my eyes, and the

00:19:10

brain will read the different energies of these photons as

00:19:13

different colors. It is important to note that

00:19:15

photons in our standard model,

00:19:17

this Photon is all electromagnetic

00:19:20

spectrum that is, radio waves microwave

00:19:22

infrared radiation visible light

00:19:24

Ultraviolet X-ray and

00:19:26

gamma radiation are all photons of just

00:19:28

different energies Despite the fact that

00:19:30

photons have many functions of manifestations in

00:19:33

our tablet they are all the same

00:19:35

particle Photon which has no mass I’m

00:19:39

just asking for your permission I repeat, without

00:19:41

the mass of the photon, the absence of mass Before

00:19:44

this, the ability to

00:19:45

cover an infinite distance, then

00:19:48

he appeared on the radio tower and almost

00:19:50

instantly he was caught by a taxi driver turning on his

00:19:53

favorite Monte Carlo. A second later, the signal was

00:19:55

already on the moon. And after 8 minutes, it was already at the sun.

00:19:58

And after 4 years and 3 months, He already near the

00:20:01

neighboring Star system, so Lucy

00:20:03

Chebotina with her Monaco is now flying at the

00:20:05

borders of the Solar system if you are

00:20:07

sad

00:20:09

halfway to the nearest star And faraden for

00:20:12

Little Big is already in the neighboring Star

00:20:14

system That is, if you are there Turn on

00:20:16

the radio on the desired wave you

00:20:19

will hear them if to understand what else

00:20:22

electromagnetic interaction gives us, there is not

00:20:24

enough time, I would highlight the

00:20:26

electrical activity of the brain, which is

00:20:27

visible on EEG machines, that is, in the

00:20:30

quantum world, charged particles

00:20:32

running through neurons due to

00:20:33

electromagnetic interaction are

00:20:36

our thoughts and consciousnesses, that’s how much

00:20:38

everything in a person’s life depends on

00:20:40

photons and from electromagnetic

00:20:41

interaction, including the pink

00:20:43

color of stereotypes

00:20:45

[laughter]

00:20:48

[music]

00:20:54

they say that all women adore him, in

00:20:58

fact it’s not true his magic does

00:21:00

n’t work on everyone, and even more so the pink

00:21:03

color itself is a lie, the color pink is apparently in the

00:21:06

spectrum No it doesn’t exists if

00:21:09

you look at it all the longest to the

00:21:11

shortest wave you will not find a

00:21:13

single shade of pink it’s just a mixture of

00:21:16

red and

00:21:18

purple waves overlapping each other that’s why I don’t

00:21:20

like pink because

00:21:22

my mom

00:21:30

hello I’m not around

00:21:34

[music]

00:21:42

and so on

00:21:48

available in Russia or even abroad there are

00:21:50

still flowers with which I want a bouquet. For

00:21:53

example, I recommend pink hydrangeas

00:21:55

by the way or peonies and I sort the sellers

00:21:57

by rating and set the date 27

00:22:00

delivery interval accurate to half an hour and all on

00:22:03

Mother’s Day when the bouquet is collected they will

00:22:05

send me a photo of her window and in 20

00:22:07

minutes the bouquet will be with the mother, the photons

00:22:10

will transmit your order from the

00:22:12

Flow phone almost at the speed of light. And when the mother receives the bouquet of the

00:22:15

photons, she will also feel pleasure from its

00:22:17

beauty and aroma with

00:22:20

their help. And my promotional code is topless 10 for a

00:22:22

10% discount. will make this process even

00:22:24

more enjoyable, it is valid until the end of

00:22:26

December, be in time and you know that don’t look for an

00:22:29

excuse, plan a gift for mom

00:22:31

right now, even if she is in another

00:22:33

city or country, she will be happy link

00:22:37

in the description

00:22:40

So, strong electromagnetic

00:22:43

interaction allows us to build

00:22:45

protons neutrons into a nucleus nucleus Electron into

00:22:48

atom, atoms into molecules and we get a

00:22:51

stable stable substance But

00:22:54

lifeless why lifeless because

00:22:56

they will not be able to light up stars And without

00:23:00

thermonuclear reactions in the center of stars

00:23:02

the universe would be a cold and dark

00:23:04

repository of Gas That's all, no

00:23:06

carbon from which we are made from

00:23:09

oxygen from which we breathe simply

00:23:10

would not exist

00:23:12

and here a third force comes to the rescue

00:23:16

weak interaction weak

00:23:18

interaction

00:23:21

is the term Yes, but this

00:23:24

interaction is really very

00:23:26

weak, weaker than the electromagnetic one by 100

00:23:29

billion times, but it is enough to

00:23:32

light a star from the inside like a match. So in

00:23:36

space there is still left from the big bang

00:23:38

a lot of hydrogen its atoms lose

00:23:40

the only electrons remaining

00:23:42

protons but it is difficult for them to combine into something

00:23:44

larger protons are charged

00:23:47

equally and the electromagnetic

00:23:48

interaction repels them but sometimes

00:23:50

due to the enormous temperature and pressure,

00:23:52

for example in the sun, they come so close together

00:23:55

that a weak carrier flies out of one of them

00:23:57

interactions W

00:24:00

bazon here in our standard model,

00:24:02

like a philosopher's stone, it turns one

00:24:04

proton into a Neutron by changing the charge It itself

00:24:07

quickly disintegrates into two more particles,

00:24:09

a positron and a neutrino, releasing then

00:24:13

another proton sticks to them, energy is released,

00:24:15

this nucleus finds a mate and

00:24:18

sticks together into gels even more energy is released, a

00:24:20

thermonuclear reaction begins, the

00:24:23

nuclei stick together more and more

00:24:25

each time, releasing energy in the form of

00:24:27

photons, and therefore for us the star

00:24:29

looks like it is burning. And our bodies receive

00:24:32

heat in the form of photons, you understand the weak

00:24:35

interaction is like a small match,

00:24:38

but very important, which helped this

00:24:41

fire flare up

00:24:43

all because this interaction is

00:24:45

especially its carriers wzone,

00:24:49

unlike glions and photons, they have Mars. And the

00:24:52

wba-zone also has a charge, plus or minus,

00:24:55

this is a feature and allows them, when flying

00:24:57

out of particles, to change the mass and charge in them,

00:25:00

turning a Proton into a Neutron and back and

00:25:03

That is why the weak interaction

00:25:04

is responsible for radioactivity and what

00:25:07

radioactivity is, it is essentially the transformation of

00:25:08

some elements into other reasons for it

00:25:12

the confinement of some particles inside nuclei into

00:25:14

others using the weak interaction

00:25:17

But how do we know this the weak

00:25:20

interaction leaves behind a

00:25:22

sandpiper Elusive Phantom

00:25:25

neutrino particles Here it's a small change in the table and the

00:25:28

small change that we mentioned at the

00:25:31

beginning of the issue is actually not 3 by

00:25:32

as many as three but they differ only in

00:25:34

mass but for all of them It's so tiny

00:25:37

that we can't even measure it And they

00:25:40

don't have an electric charge so

00:25:42

they don't care at all to other particles they

00:25:46

fly through them like Ghosts stupidly

00:25:48

right now while you are watching this

00:25:50

episode through One square centimeter of

00:25:52

your body passes 60 billion

00:25:55

neutrinos per second they fly out from the core of

00:25:59

the sun due to thermonuclear reactions from the

00:26:02

depths of the earth due to the decay of Uranus,

00:26:04

neutrinos permeate Ours bodies flying right

00:26:07

through do not interact in any way with

00:26:09

us or our technology,

00:26:12

they have been flying through our mouse fuss for a long time

00:26:15

without stopping, even if

00:26:17

we fill the entire space between the

00:26:19

Earth and Alpha Centauri with cast iron, it’s not trina how

00:26:22

Ghosts will fly right through it, why

00:26:24

neutrinos pierce everything right through

00:26:27

that nitrina introverts they do not participate

00:26:30

in the strong interaction because

00:26:32

they are not quarks not in the electromagnetic

00:26:34

interaction because they have no

00:26:36

charge they participate only in the weak

00:26:38

interaction but they have a very short

00:26:41

range of action weak Because its

00:26:44

nose bridges have mass and not just mass

00:26:47

and a very decent mass wazon is 80

00:26:51

times heavier than a proton What does this mean? What does it

00:26:54

mean that throwing such a

00:26:56

carrier Oh, how not easy

00:26:57

Imagine that you are throwing with a

00:27:00

friend not a boomerang, not a flying

00:27:02

saucer, but a sack

00:27:04

How far can you throw it

00:27:10

in the world of particles in the same way so that between a

00:27:13

neutrino some particle

00:27:15

slipped W bazon not 3 on must

00:27:17

approach it at a distance a thousand

00:27:19

times less than an atomic nucleus, that is,

00:27:21

literally crash into this nucleus so that the

00:27:23

little hands of wazona can grab the

00:27:25

probability of this is simply cosmically small

00:27:28

but still not zero So the weakness of the

00:27:30

weak interaction is only

00:27:33

that it has very short arms and

00:27:36

it is necessary, as they say, Full contact for

00:27:37

something to happen, scientists are trying to

00:27:40

delay them at least a little, lowers detectors

00:27:42

into the water column and out of trillions of neutrinos per

00:27:45

second, only a few interact

00:27:47

with detectors for a whole year, it looks like these

00:27:49

installations, by the way, are very beautiful, so

00:27:51

let's take a rest, we'll just admire it for a while

00:27:56

[music]

00:28:06

in Lake Baikal there is in Antarctica and in a

00:28:10

huge artificial and non-laboratory

00:28:12

in Japan you can get to these places Well, except

00:28:15

perhaps Antarctica you can buy

00:28:19

cheap tickets to the

00:28:21

service for buying cheap air tickets

00:28:24

the fact that not a trino flies through everything

00:28:26

perfectly shows us how weak the

00:28:29

weak interaction is and how

00:28:32

short its arms are, but there is a force that is

00:28:35

weaker than the weak interaction and here you are

00:28:39

only once

00:28:40

Gravity

00:28:43

[music]

00:28:47

Wait but gravity gravity is the

00:28:50

most powerful thing that attracts

00:28:52

entire planets, entire galaxies

00:28:56

Yes, but in fact this is the weakest

00:29:00

force in the universe and I will now prove it,

00:29:04

look, I lift this figure and with

00:29:07

two fingers overcome all the force with

00:29:09

which the huge planet Earth attracts it to itself,

00:29:11

we call it

00:29:14

gravity But what if I say that

00:29:15

Gravity is in fact, there is no

00:29:18

force at all Look at the chessboard Where

00:29:20

can Gravity be here

00:29:22

Gravity is one of these figures or

00:29:26

maybe Gravity is a knight

00:29:31

This is Gravity the chessboard itself is

00:29:35

Gravity that is in our

00:29:37

world Gravity is space

00:29:39

time itself and it not just a board on which

00:29:42

the actions unfold,

00:29:44

but a participant in the events like all the

00:29:46

other figures. This is how it works in the

00:29:48

projection in the void of space,

00:29:50

space time is smooth as a sheet,

00:29:52

but massive objects like stars and

00:29:54

planets crush it, making depressions into

00:29:57

which everything else falls,

00:29:59

satellites and planets revolve around

00:30:01

massive bodies like balls that fall

00:30:04

into such a funnel, only they have

00:30:06

much more inertia and there is no friction, so they

00:30:09

fall endlessly and will never fall.

00:30:12

You understand, there is no force that

00:30:14

attracts the bodies, it’s just a hole on

00:30:17

the road in which all the

00:30:19

objects of the Planet, the hole is small stars,

00:30:22

they are already deep and black holes are so

00:30:24

massive and dense that they seem to

00:30:26

pierce the fabric of space-time;

00:30:28

one such supermassive black hole

00:30:30

is located in the Milky Way and its

00:30:33

gravity rotates our entire Galaxy

00:30:35

around itself and a couple of dwarf

00:30:38

galaxies nearby, but this is a simplified flat

00:30:40

model of gravity If you dig even

00:30:43

deeper, we can say that the planets do not

00:30:45

revolve around the Sun and the Moon does not

00:30:48

revolve around the Earth, they all

00:30:50

actually move just

00:30:53

like this,

00:30:54

look if two ants on a sphere

00:30:58

start walking in parallel paths, they will

00:31:00

eventually meet all because

00:31:02

the space through which they walked is

00:31:04

curved the same thing in space,

00:31:06

only ants here we and our satellites are

00:31:08

near the sun, space is curved,

00:31:11

so the trajectories of the planets are closed in a

00:31:13

circle and seem to us to be orbits, in fact,

00:31:16

all the planets and satellites move in a

00:31:17

straight line but in a curved space of

00:31:19

time and again it turns out that

00:31:21

Gravity is not a force which

00:31:23

attracts everything around, but rather the road

00:31:25

markings along which these bodies move

00:31:28

towards each other

00:31:32

and it falls on the board. But in fact,

00:31:35

it doesn’t fall anywhere; it’s just

00:31:37

space and time itself that is constantly bent by the

00:31:40

heavy earth, if we lived in a

00:31:42

retroway world with a grid, then we would see how Rook

00:31:45

would stand in one place on the grid, but the

00:31:47

space-time grid itself

00:31:48

would fall under it until the piece

00:31:51

fell on the board. What you

00:31:53

see now is the best visualization

00:31:55

of gravity to date. Well, or

00:31:57

better visualization, you have a bulldog on your face,

00:32:00

these are the things And a double

00:32:02

chin they stretch down not because

00:32:04

old age, but because your

00:32:07

cheeks are attached to space-time

00:32:09

and stretch towards the center of the Earth,

00:32:11

it’s like Well, it’s partly a joke that

00:32:14

many different processes affect this But

00:32:16

first of all, they

00:32:17

really stretch down because of gravity But

00:32:19

why Gravity so strange, the

00:32:21

particles of matter communicated normally, they

00:32:24

exchanged bosons, they told each

00:32:26

other how to act and they were all collected

00:32:28

in one convenient table called the

00:32:29

standard model. And in the case of the fourth

00:32:32

interaction of gravity, suddenly the fabric of

00:32:35

space in time bends and

00:32:37

itself begins to move the figures that it

00:32:40

all just started first three

00:32:42

interactions came to us from quantum

00:32:44

physics and Gravity due to the general theory of

00:32:46

relativity these models do not

00:32:48

contradict each other they are like chess

00:32:51

and boxing different rules for different

00:32:53

scales the standard model with particles

00:32:55

works at the Saturday level where

00:32:58

Gravity is negligible but Gravity

00:33:01

works on large scales planets and

00:33:04

galaxies where all other forces are simply

00:33:06

lost and, unlike boxing chess,

00:33:09

which combined quantum

00:33:12

physics and the theory of relativity into chessbox, no

00:33:13

one has yet been able to marry until we have found

00:33:16

the graviton, a hypothetical particle that

00:33:19

would be responsible for gravity, maybe it

00:33:21

exists and maybe it doesn’t, gravity is

00:33:24

just a property of the space and time in

00:33:27

which we live So four

00:33:29

interactions describe everything that

00:33:31

happens around us all processes

00:33:33

boiling the kettle pressing the VPN button

00:33:36

dreams indigestion everything in the Universe

00:33:39

comes down to particles of the standard model

00:33:41

playing according to the four rules Everything

00:33:43

fits Yes but there is a Paradox According to

00:33:46

this model particles should not have mass,

00:33:49

don’t ask why Yes, that’s what they say.

00:33:51

Equation, but we know that particles

00:33:54

have mass, which means this is not the whole model; there is something

00:33:57

else that gives these particles mass;

00:34:01

scientists also thought. They suggested

00:34:03

that particles do not exist in a vacuum, but in

00:34:06

some environment like a fish in water and each

00:34:09

particle interacts with this environment in its own way.

00:34:11

They gain mass,

00:34:13

for example, an Electron. How a small fish

00:34:15

swims through it without much

00:34:17

resistance and therefore its mass is

00:34:19

small. And some top quark, like a

00:34:21

giant whale, breaks through it

00:34:24

creating vortices and therefore it is 300

00:34:27

thousand times heavier, finally the Photon and the glion,

00:34:30

like fish needles, pass through the medium without

00:34:32

encountering resistance at all, therefore they fly at the

00:34:35

maximum possible speed,

00:34:36

the speed of light, this medium in which everyone

00:34:39

swims and was called to be

00:34:42

considered the same field,

00:34:45

electromagnetic or strong, and particles are

00:34:48

the carrier of this field Boson 17 and the

00:34:52

last piece of the puzzle called the

00:34:54

standard model It was he who was discovered at the

00:34:56

collider 10 years ago,

00:35:01

watch it in it, we talk in detail and

00:35:03

in a fascinating way About the Higgs field,

00:35:05

what is so special about the Higgs obozone,

00:35:07

it is the same Boson as the 4 others, but

00:35:11

since it is a Boson, it means there is and

00:35:13

interaction Yes, interaction with the

00:35:16

Higgs field interaction with the Higgs field

00:35:21

This is the very cutting edge of science, that is,

00:35:24

scientists are just beginning to read it as a

00:35:26

separate interaction that

00:35:27

connects all the others, the same

00:35:29

interaction that makes the particle

00:35:32

understand who it is and what its mass is and

00:35:35

this is almost a biblical story how

00:35:38

the world was gradually created out of nothing,

00:35:40

once upon a time at the moment of singularity, all

00:35:43

interactions were one whole, but after the

00:35:45

big bang, while the Universe was cooling down, the

00:35:48

fields began to interact with each

00:35:50

other, although each of them can

00:35:51

seethe, generating particles, but they always

00:35:54

strive for complete calm, their

00:35:56

graphics are similar to Funnels in which

00:35:58

any particle tends to fall to the bottom and

00:36:00

quietly chill But more than the Higgs, especially its

00:36:03

graph is more like a sombrero with a bump

00:36:06

in the middle and some particles, for example,

00:36:09

the Universe Fell into its trap and went out of

00:36:13

equilibrium and gained energy, which

00:36:15

means

00:36:21

they did not gain mass, and that’s thanks to this

00:36:24

interaction turned out to be so different

00:36:26

electromagnetic ones act at

00:36:28

infinity, so we see distant

00:36:30

nebulae and galaxies, and a weak one at a

00:36:32

short distance, due to which the

00:36:34

thermonuclear reaction is maintained

00:36:36

inside the stars and not everywhere in the Universe,

00:36:38

now I, you all the rest do not notice the

00:36:41

interaction with the Higgs field, like a fish

00:36:44

does not notice water, like we don’t notice

00:36:46

the air, but thanks to this fifth

00:36:49

interaction we see the universe as it

00:36:52

is, now it is the last one

00:36:55

on our chessboard, like the

00:36:58

Capstone, it closes the standard model

00:36:59

together, this is how the

00:37:03

laws of our nature work in the most general terms, but it’s not

00:37:06

always elegant, sometimes

00:37:08

ugly formulas are required models But it works,

00:37:13

I like the analogy

00:37:16

and interpretations, for example,

00:37:21

when we look at them and the

00:37:23

multi-world one in which our Universe is not

00:37:26

the only one and with each random

00:37:28

choice it is divided into several more. It is

00:37:30

important to understand that these are all models, they

00:37:34

should not be completely accurate and are needed

00:37:35

only for our understanding it seems that if

00:37:40

Angels are needed to explain quantum physics, we will explain it

00:37:42

through angels, so physicists, tired of

00:37:45

analogies, are inclined to any

00:37:47

interpretation of quantum physics called

00:37:51

Shut Up and Count Yes, scientists

00:37:54

have understood a lot, but the more

00:37:56

answers they have, the more questions arise

00:37:58

How to combine the standard model and

00:38:00

Gravity if Graviton Why

00:38:03

the Universe is not symmetrical what

00:38:06

dark matter consists of

00:38:08

and what is time all these discoveries are

00:38:11

being made right before our eyes The

00:38:14

Higgs boson was caught only 10 years ago This is

00:38:16

literally yesterday Well, within the framework of science, it’s

00:38:21

like living in the era of great

00:38:22

geographical discoveries and hear

00:38:24

the news that Columbus discovered the wrong lands,

00:38:27

which means we need even more

00:38:30

ships to search for them. And in the case of physics,

00:38:32

we need more accelerators to collide

00:38:35

particles with even more energy, and most importantly,

00:38:38

we need more smart people who are willing to spend

00:38:41

time looking for things that are not even

00:38:44

visible even in It’s hard to imagine in your head,

00:38:49

but all for the sake of answering the

00:38:52

simplest children’s questions Who we are What the

00:38:56

world is made of, where it all began and

00:39:00

how it will all end

00:39:02

Think about this

00:39:04

and, as usual,

00:39:06

pump up your brains for now

00:39:13

[music]

Description:

Открой интернет без границ вместе с Surfshark VPN. С промокодом TOPLES скидка 85% и 3 месяца в подарок: https://surfshark.com/deal/influencer?coupon=toples Реклама. Surfshark B.V. Скачивайте Flowwow и заказывайте цветы, подарки или десерты своим близким. Промокод TOPLES10 дает скидку 10% до конца декабря: https://flowwow.com/s/TOPLES10 Реклама. ООО «ФЛАУВАУ» Pb3XmBtzsyfXbPF83tCww6xyTM9s4nJE3ujYViY Авиасейлс – сервис для покупки хоть каких-нибудь авиабилетов: https://www.aviasales.ru/ Реклама. ООО «Авиасейлс Медиа» Черная Пятница в Топлес: https://toples.shop/ Почему вещи существуют? Из чего они сделаны? Почему они ведут себя именно так? — на эти «детские» вопросы ищут ответ самые умные физики мира. Из этого выпуска вы узнаете, какими полями пронизана вся Вселенная, почему физически нельзя ни поцеловать человека, ни дать ему пинка, в чем вас обманывали учебники и почему электрон везде… и нигде, за счет чего на самом деле работают все наши органы чувств, почему гравитация — это самая большая иллюзия, что стоит за законами физики, и как разобраться во всей этой квантомании. Источники: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yrwFhqPXHc_BUJ7P4pcAqdLx6BzxuOQlSxnI3lvp6yY/edit ↓↓↓ ЖДЕМ ТЕБЯ ЗДЕСЬ: TELEGRAM 🔥 https://t.me/toplesofficial IG ► https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser TIK-TOK ► https://www.tiktok.com/explore Я В VK ► https://vk.com/yanlapotkov ГРУППА VK ► https://vk.com/toples_show ↓↓↓ 00:00 Введение в тему 04:47 Стандартная модель 09:35 Сильное взаимодействие 12:45 Электромагнитное взаимодействие 23:18 Слабое взаимодействие 28:45 Гравитация 35:16 Поле Хиггса 37:00 Заключение ↓↓↓ Спасибо: Ян Лапотков Вадим Куликов Михаил Мартынов Иван Мордовец Катя Лапоткова Тёма Левин Александр Щербак Сардор Кадыров Андрей Алексин Анастасия Корабельникова Давид Ахмедов Сирожиддин Пулатов Костя Эгарт Александр Репецкий Акбар Юсупов Артур Тутолмин Уровень Бог Никита Туз Роман Мокров Егор Гламбоцкий rvre Opsi

Preparing download options

Popular

HD video

Only sound

All

* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."

** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players

Questions about downloading video

How can I download "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС" video?

http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "Из ЧЕГО состоит ВСЁ? 4 закона ВСЕЛЕННОЙ – ТОПЛЕС"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.