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Russian
00:00:00
[Music]00:00:11
the sinking of the titanic is one of the00:00:14
most famous and tragic stories of all00:00:16
time00:00:18
but how she met her fate was not just00:00:20
the result of a collision between a00:00:22
liner and an iceberg00:00:24
from the very day that she was designed00:00:27
she was almost doomed00:00:30
new scientific evidence reveals the00:00:32
chain of events that brought about the00:00:34
demise of a ship that was thought to be00:00:36
unsinkable00:00:37
and led to the death of over 1500 people00:00:41
the greatest maritime loss in modern00:00:43
history00:00:47
there was a lot of questions surrounding00:00:49
what role the materials played in the00:00:53
sinking of the ship00:00:55
for the first time scientists believe00:00:57
they have uncovered the last piece of00:00:59
the puzzle that has baffled experts for00:01:01
almost half a century00:01:03
a mystery that involves a fateful00:01:05
combination of design flaws and poor00:01:07
choice of shipbuilding materials that00:01:09
set the titanic on a collision course00:01:12
with death and destiny00:01:18
[Music]00:01:30
april 14 191200:01:33
in the dead of night on a flat calm sea00:01:35
an extraordinary event is taking place00:01:38
an iceberg with a mass of half a million00:01:41
tons drifts into the path of the titanic00:01:53
[Music]00:02:01
iceberg right ahead00:02:04
harder starboard00:02:08
[Music]00:02:09
they have seconds to react00:02:11
[Music]00:02:18
at 11 39 pm00:02:20
titanic scrapes the iceberg00:02:23
officers believe they have avoided00:02:25
disaster00:02:28
but below the water line it is another00:02:31
story00:02:37
[Music]00:02:47
news about the number of lives lost00:02:49
breaks one day after the disaster00:02:53
among the dead are some of the most00:02:54
wealthy and influential celebrities of00:02:56
the day00:02:58
as well as hundreds of poor immigrants00:03:00
dreaming of a new life in america00:03:03
grieving relatives of the victims in00:03:05
britain and the us are stunned00:03:08
and desperate to know how the impossible00:03:10
could have happened00:03:12
the titanic was designed to be the most00:03:14
luxurious and also the safest ship ever00:03:16
built even if rammed by another ship00:03:20
she was designed to stay afloat00:03:23
yet she took only two hours to sink00:03:26
after colliding with an iceberg00:03:30
[Music]00:03:32
now almost a hundred years later some00:03:35
questions still remain unanswered00:03:38
who or what was responsible00:03:42
and why did the mightiest ship of her00:03:43
time sink so quickly00:03:53
forensic mythologist jennifer hooper00:03:55
mccarty is piecing together the events00:03:58
that took place on that fateful journey00:04:00
she is re-examining forensic evidence00:04:02
recovered from the wreck along with00:04:04
survivor testimony and archive records00:04:06
from 1912.00:04:09
we have very little knowledge of what00:04:12
that impact was like00:04:14
what we do know is is only based on the00:04:17
survivor testimony00:04:19
from 1912.00:04:24
two weeks after the sinking of the00:04:26
titanic a british public inquiry is held00:04:29
a panel of judges will decide who was to00:04:31
blame for the disaster and loss of over00:04:34
fifteen hundred lives00:04:37
[Music]00:04:38
the key witness is bruce ismay the00:04:40
fifty-year-old chairman of white star00:04:43
the owner of titanic00:04:48
he is one of the few men who survived00:04:50
the maiden voyage00:04:54
wireless operator harold bride and00:04:57
second officer charles lighthaller also00:04:59
testify00:05:04
these three men's testimony are vital in00:05:06
deciding who was to blame00:05:22
i gather that you yourself gave the00:05:24
instructions for the building of the00:05:26
titanic00:05:27
yes00:05:28
and of course you considered the00:05:29
question of floatability of the ship in00:05:31
cases of accident or emergency00:05:34
we did00:05:35
did you give any special consideration00:05:37
to the question of providing additional00:05:39
lifeboat accommodation00:05:42
i think the position was taken that the00:05:46
ship was looked upon as00:05:48
being practically unsinkable00:05:51
she was looked upon as a lifeboat00:05:52
herself00:06:02
two years before the scheduled launch00:06:04
date ismei met with his chief designer00:06:07
alexander carlisle00:06:10
the staircase needs to be much grander00:06:13
only bulkhead will have to be lowered00:06:15
is there a problem isn't she safe of00:06:18
course excuse me00:06:20
the bulkheads are partitions used to00:06:23
create watertight compartments in the00:06:25
hull of the ship00:06:26
each of which could be isolated and00:06:28
sealed off to contain flooding in the00:06:30
event of an emergency00:06:33
the higher the bulkheads the safer the00:06:36
ship as it would be more likely that00:06:38
water could be contained within any00:06:40
damaged compartments00:06:43
each of the 16 compartments is00:06:45
watertight in the event of a leak each00:06:47
compartment can be sealed up by an00:06:49
electric power door operated from the00:06:50
bridge even if four compartments flood00:06:52
she'll stay afloat good let's lower the00:06:55
belt kits in00:06:57
the height of the water tight00:06:58
compartments will be lowered to just00:07:00
three meters above the water line00:07:07
[Music]00:07:09
the boat deck should not be so cluttered00:07:12
cluttered yes cluttered00:07:15
people don't pay to look at life bets00:07:17
well i thought 48 to be a reasonable00:07:19
amount00:07:20
especially if the board of trade00:07:21
increased the requirements well let's00:07:23
not second guess the british border00:07:24
trade shall we00:07:26
let's move on00:07:28
to the grand cellar and this meeting00:07:29
with mysteries may lasted four hours00:07:32
yes we talked about the whole of the00:07:34
decorations of the ship never mind the00:07:36
decorations we're talking about00:07:37
lifeboats well the lifeboat part is00:07:39
supposed to take about five or ten00:07:40
minutes how many lifeboats did you think00:07:42
there ought to be00:07:44
i thought ought to be three on each set00:07:46
of davits00:07:47
and how many would that make all00:07:48
together00:07:50
48 votes you thought there ought to be00:07:52
4800:07:54
yes00:07:55
whereas in point of fact how many were00:07:57
there00:07:59
1600:08:01
1600:08:08
while the design of titanic is being00:08:10
changed00:08:11
two thousand miles away nature is00:08:14
unleashing a terrible force00:08:16
a glacier made of ten thousand year old00:08:19
snow reaches the ocean00:08:24
a mass of ice weighing up to two million00:08:26
tons the equivalent of over five empire00:08:29
state buildings00:08:30
breaks free00:08:34
it is just one of forty thousand00:08:36
icebergs born each year along the00:08:38
greenland coast00:08:41
its chances of survival are small00:08:43
but this iceberg is different00:08:46
during the next two years a bizarre00:08:48
chain of events misjudgments and human00:08:51
errors would set this iceberg and the00:08:53
titanic on course to collide00:08:56
one month later the ocean currents carry00:08:59
it on an incredible journey00:09:01
tens of thousands of icebergs break off00:09:03
of greenland every year00:09:05
come down the coast of labrador and00:09:07
newfoundland00:09:08
and a very small percentage of those00:09:10
maybe only one to four percent00:09:12
will make their way to where they become00:09:14
a threat to shipping00:09:23
as the iceberg continues up the west00:09:25
greenland coast00:09:27
work begins on the titanic00:09:31
it will take two years to build and be00:09:34
the largest man-made moving object in00:09:36
the world00:09:40
shipbuilding is in transition00:09:42
machines are replacing men00:09:44
steel replacing iron00:09:47
the vast hull of the titanic is designed00:09:49
to be watertight by overlapping steel00:09:52
plates and three million rivets driven00:09:54
in using a hydraulic machine00:09:57
but the machine is so cumbersome it00:09:59
could be used only on straight sections00:10:01
of the ship00:10:04
at the curved area of the bow they had00:10:06
to drive rivets in manually00:10:09
but steel rivets were too tough to00:10:10
hammer in00:10:13
so instead they used wrought iron rivets00:10:15
which are much more malleable00:10:19
this will potentially weaken a small00:10:21
area of the bow section00:10:23
but is a widespread practice and nothing00:10:25
unusual has ever come of it00:10:28
[Music]00:10:36
in the summer of 1911 the iceberg is now00:10:39
18 months old and heading towards baffin00:10:42
bay00:10:43
an area where most icebergs come to the00:10:45
end of their journey00:10:48
[Music]00:10:50
all along the path of the movement of an00:10:52
iceberg there are numerous bays and00:10:55
shallow water areas where icebergs can00:10:57
be trapped00:10:59
most of it is destroyed before it ever00:11:01
reaches as far south as the island of00:11:03
newfoundland00:11:06
but this iceberg manages to break free00:11:08
of baffin bay and continues its journey00:11:11
south00:11:14
over the next six months titanic is in00:11:17
the final stages of being fitted out00:11:23
an army of carpenters and craftsmen are00:11:25
at work creating the interior splendor00:11:28
of the ship00:11:31
[Music]00:11:35
the captain chosen for the maiden voyage00:11:37
is edward john smith the most00:11:39
experienced captain in the white star00:11:41
line it is to be his last voyage before00:11:43
retiring00:11:46
he was nicknamed the millionaires00:11:48
captain people like guggenheim or even00:11:51
jp morgan would actually change their00:11:53
sailings and their travel arrangements00:11:55
so that they could sail00:11:57
in a ship commanded by captain smith00:12:01
march 1912 the olympic titanic sister00:12:04
ship returns to port for emergency00:12:07
repairs00:12:08
so the maiden voyage of the titanic is00:12:10
pushed back a month it will now be00:12:12
sailing in mid-april the month when most00:12:14
icebergs appear in the shipping lanes in00:12:16
the north atlantic00:12:20
against all odds the iceberg that fell00:12:22
into the sea two years earlier has made00:12:25
it as far south as the east coast of00:12:27
newfoundland00:12:29
and it's still a colossus with a mass of00:12:31
over half a million tons00:12:33
more than 10 times the weight of the00:12:34
titanic00:12:37
and it's drifting a further 1700:12:38
kilometers a day00:12:40
directly into the path of the major00:12:42
shipping lanes00:12:59
titanic leaves belfast for southampton00:13:01
where it picks up its first passengers00:13:05
[Music]00:13:07
but the unexpected delay of the00:13:09
titanic's maiden voyage forces captain00:13:11
smith to make a last-minute reshuffle of00:13:13
his crew00:13:20
good afternoon gentlemen00:13:24
as you all know the olympic is currently00:13:27
laid up00:13:29
it has therefore been decided that00:13:32
the olympics chief officer mr wilde will00:13:34
be joining us as chief officer so mr00:13:37
murdock you will now be first officer00:13:40
mr lighthouse you will be second officer00:13:43
mr blair00:13:45
i would like to have a word with you in00:13:46
private00:13:52
can you believe it00:13:55
the arrival of officers from the olympic00:13:57
means that murdoch and lightholer are00:13:59
both demoted second officer blair is00:14:01
asked to leave the ship00:14:04
blair is so keen to get off the ship he00:14:06
accidentally takes with him the key to00:14:07
his locker it's a crucial oversight his00:14:10
locker contains the binoculars for the00:14:12
lookouts in the crow's nest00:14:15
[Music]00:14:19
the day before its maiden voyage to new00:14:21
york the titanic is given its final00:14:23
check by a british board of trade00:14:25
inspector 16 standard lifeboats00:14:28
passenger capacity 65 70 if push comes00:14:31
to shove00:14:33
reducing the number of lifeboats to 1600:14:36
means there is now only enough space for00:14:38
1 000 people fewer than half on board00:14:42
the size of ocean liners had quadrupled00:14:44
in the 15 years before titanic set sail00:14:47
but the board of trades lifeboat00:14:49
regulations remain the same00:14:52
the titanic is approved 16 lifeboats is00:14:55
deemed satisfactory for over 2000 people00:15:03
rms titanic leaves southampton docks for00:15:06
new york with 600 crew and over 150000:15:09
passengers00:15:12
even though the titanic is the latest in00:15:14
luxury liners it isn't just carrying00:15:16
millionaires00:15:18
many are third class passengers00:15:20
emigrating to the united states in00:15:22
search of a new life00:15:23
one of those was melvina dean then a 1000:15:26
week old baby traveling with her parents00:15:30
my father was going to open a00:15:31
tobacconist shop in kansas00:15:33
he spent all his money on that and then00:15:36
couldn't afford to do anything else but00:15:37
getting third class because it was such00:15:40
a luxury ship all the millionaires were00:15:42
on it00:15:43
and also the most important thing was00:15:45
they said it was unsinkable00:15:48
[Music]00:15:54
after picking up more passengers in00:15:57
france and ireland captain smith's plan00:15:59
is to cross the atlantic in six days00:16:08
he will need to cross the ocean at just00:16:10
over 19 knots the equivalent of 3500:16:13
kilometers an hour00:16:17
[Music]00:16:25
captain smith is well aware of the risk00:16:27
from springtime icebergs00:16:30
to keep his ship out of harm's way he00:16:32
plots a southern route across the00:16:34
atlantic00:16:35
away from the known ice region00:16:39
the vast white iceberg continues to00:16:41
drift even further southward towards the00:16:43
grand banks00:16:46
despite being eroded by the sea00:16:48
it is still over four times the size of00:16:51
the titanic00:16:55
approximately one-eighth of the mass of00:16:57
an iceberg00:16:58
is above the sea surface00:17:01
the classic term of course is just the00:17:03
tip of the iceberg most of the mass is00:17:05
below00:17:06
below the ocean surface and unseen00:17:09
what's above the surface is a relatively00:17:11
small portion of the ice00:17:19
but back in 1912 ships have to rely on00:17:22
ice warnings from other vessels and from00:17:24
their lookouts in the crow's nest00:17:31
the titanic is already over halfway00:17:33
across the atlantic00:17:35
her 200-foot tall masts support aerials00:17:38
that allow her state-of-the-art wireless00:17:40
system to communicate with other ships00:17:42
up to 600 kilometers away00:17:47
senior wireless operator jack phillips00:17:49
is starting to receive ice warnings from00:17:51
other ships that are further to the west00:17:53
of them00:17:55
the first ice warning of the day is from00:17:57
the liner the coronia it gives the00:18:00
location of an area of ice and icebergs00:18:02
that is one day away from the titanic00:18:06
jack phillips works a shift system with00:18:08
his assistant harold bride00:18:12
you were appointed by the marconi00:18:13
company to serve as assistant wireless00:18:15
operator on the titanic00:18:17
yes00:18:19
was mr phillips the senior operator00:18:22
yes00:18:24
bride and phillips are not employed by00:18:26
the titanic but by marconi00:18:30
it was a long breakfast00:18:32
although they maintain communication00:18:34
with other ships sending passenger00:18:36
messages is how they earn their money00:18:39
dear jenny00:18:40
roger has proposed00:18:42
said yes i'm frightfully worried i said00:18:45
yes to arthur before leaving love sis00:18:48
first of many no doubt00:18:49
lead anything before i turn him00:18:52
yeah you can take this to captain00:18:54
smith supposing a message comes to the00:18:57
marconi room for the captain what do you00:18:59
do00:19:02
i will take it along to the captain00:19:05
i suppose this would be a piece of paper00:19:07
yes it's a piece of paper they've been00:19:09
closed in an envelope00:19:18
sir00:19:19
there's a lifeboat drill at 11am00:19:22
11a yes sir sir00:19:25
mr captain smith00:19:28
thank you miss sarah right sir00:19:34
ice warnings are not unusual in spring00:19:37
and the ice region mentioned in the00:19:39
coronia message is a long way from the00:19:41
titanic00:19:43
i shall be at the church service mr00:19:44
murdock00:19:45
and then i shall be making my rounds yes00:19:48
sir00:19:50
i guess that means lifeboat drills00:19:52
cancelled00:19:54
the captain never gives a reason why he00:19:56
cancels the lifeboat drill00:20:00
in the event of an emergency the crew00:20:02
are unrehearsed00:20:08
while the captain is reading his sermon00:20:10
the iceberg is carried further south00:20:12
over the grand banks by the labrador00:20:14
current and is now less than 60000:20:16
kilometers away00:20:18
it will soon hit another ocean current00:20:20
that makes its way along the east coast00:20:22
of the united states00:20:25
this current carries a block of warm00:20:28
water the gulf stream00:20:30
it can be as warm as 18 degrees celsius00:20:33
icebergs in these sea conditions will00:20:35
deteriorate quickly with a slapping of00:20:37
waves00:20:38
a medium iceberg might be gone in as00:20:40
little as 10 days00:20:44
the titanic is heading southwest towards00:20:47
the gulf stream00:20:48
it should be on a course that takes it00:20:50
out of the path of any00:20:52
[Music]00:21:00
icebergs the titanic receives the second00:21:03
ice warning of the day00:21:05
it is from the steamship baltic and00:21:07
gives the location of a region that00:21:09
contains icebergs00:21:15
the msg prefix would show it is so00:21:18
important it was for the captain's00:21:20
attention00:21:23
there will be five ice warnings during00:21:25
the day00:21:26
but this will be the last that the00:21:28
captain will receive00:21:34
two o'clock that afternoon the captain00:21:36
hands the message to isme00:21:40
anyone would think we're heading towards00:21:41
the north pole00:21:42
two weeks after the disaster the inquiry00:21:45
will attempt to prove that is may had00:21:47
wanted the captain to keep to schedule00:21:49
and ignore any ice warnings00:21:51
why do you think the captain handed you00:21:53
the marconi gram00:21:55
as a matter of information i take it you00:21:57
knew of course that the proximity of00:21:59
icebergs was a danger you knew that much00:22:01
did you not there is always a danger00:22:03
with ice and you knew that you would be00:22:05
in the region of ice sometime on that00:22:07
sunday night00:22:08
yes00:22:09
and therefore it behooved those who were00:22:11
responsible for the navigation of the00:22:12
ship to be very careful00:22:15
naturally would it not be necessary to00:22:17
slow down for icebergs00:22:19
presumably so yes then what is the00:22:21
object of continuing at full speed00:22:23
through the night if you expect to meet00:22:25
ice why do you do it i presume that the00:22:28
captain would be anxious to get through00:22:30
the ice region00:22:32
he would not want to slow down upon the00:22:33
chance of a fog coming on so the object00:22:36
of it is to get through it as fast as00:22:37
you could00:22:38
i presume that if a man on a perfectly00:22:40
clear night00:22:42
could see far enough to clear an iceberg00:22:45
then he would be perfectly justified in00:22:46
getting through the ice region as00:22:48
quickly as possible00:22:50
even somebody like bruce is may00:22:52
would be deferential to the word of00:22:55
captain smith00:22:56
captain is everything on board a ship he00:22:58
is god on board his word is the word of00:23:02
god00:23:10
the titanic is heading in a direction00:23:12
away from the iceberg but is about to00:23:15
change course00:23:18
at 5 30 pm00:23:19
captain smith had planned a change in00:23:21
course from a southwesterly direction to00:23:24
a westerly direction00:23:26
but because of the earlier ice warning00:23:28
from the baltic he delays the change in00:23:30
direction by 20 minutes to allow the00:23:32
ship to travel even further south00:23:35
towards a safe area of the gulf stream00:23:37
and away from the perilous ice region00:23:41
south 86 west mr hitchens00:23:46
steady she goes00:23:52
[Music]00:23:55
ironically he has now put the titanic on00:23:58
a direct collision course with the00:24:00
iceberg00:24:01
[Music]00:24:06
it's because in 1912 a phenomenon took00:24:09
place that allowed icebergs to travel00:24:11
further south than was ever thought00:24:12
possible00:24:21
the cold labrador current has moved00:24:23
around the iceberg to form a protective00:24:26
layer00:24:27
insulating it against the warming00:24:28
effects of the gulf stream and00:24:30
preventing it from melting00:24:32
now everything depends on the path the00:24:34
labrador current takes00:24:37
the labrador current goes where the gulf00:24:40
stream permits it to go depending upon00:24:43
the exact location of the gulf stream00:24:46
the cold water can move quite far to the00:24:49
south of the tail of the bank if the00:24:51
gulf stream is southward moving you have00:24:54
relatively cold water pushing very far00:24:56
south into the north atlantic ocean into00:24:58
the shipping lanes in recent years00:25:00
icebergs have moved as far south as the00:25:03
latitude of philadelphia00:25:07
as the iceberg pushes its way into the00:25:09
shipping lanes it's spotted by the00:25:10
californian who fires off iceberg00:25:13
warnings to the titanic00:25:16
while phillips rested in the cabin next00:25:18
to the wireless room his assistant bride00:25:21
is manning the wireless00:25:22
although bride heard the message from00:25:24
the californian he did not respond00:25:28
although you knew that you were called00:25:29
you had something else to do00:25:31
yes what business was it that you were00:25:34
attending to at the time i was writing00:25:36
up the accounts00:25:39
wireless operators on the titanic serve00:25:41
two functions00:25:43
they relay weather reports and ice00:25:44
warnings but they are also expected to00:25:46
keep a tally of all the passenger00:25:48
messages they send00:25:50
[Music]00:25:55
at 7 20 p.m bride finishes his accounts00:25:58
and then intercepts the message from the00:26:00
californian00:26:01
it warns of three large icebergs seen at00:26:04
latitude 42 north longitude 49 west00:26:08
directly in the path of the titanic00:26:13
it's for the captain i'm going to the00:26:14
bridge00:26:15
[Music]00:26:18
but captain smith has already left the00:26:20
bridge and is now dining with passengers00:26:31
and you simply delivered it to an00:26:33
officer on the bridge00:26:35
it's for the captain00:26:41
which officer00:26:43
i can't remember00:26:48
none of the surviving officers recall00:26:50
ever seeing this vital message00:26:53
to this day nobody knows if the message00:26:56
was delivered00:26:58
with no reason to change course titanic00:27:00
steams ahead00:27:02
straight into the path of the iceberg00:27:19
april 14th 191200:27:21
the titanic heads towards the united00:27:23
states with over 2 000 passengers on00:27:26
board00:27:29
not only was the sea flat calm but it00:27:32
was also a moonless night00:27:34
a rare combination of conditions that00:27:36
make it difficult to see icebergs in the00:27:38
distance00:27:42
as was the case for all passenger ships00:27:44
of the day00:27:45
there is no official procedure for00:27:47
slowing down for ice00:27:59
traveling at almost full speed00:28:01
the titanic will reach the iceberg in00:28:03
two hours00:28:05
[Music]00:28:08
but the officer's main concern is00:28:10
focused on small low-lying icebergs00:28:13
called growlers00:28:14
all icebergs are dangerous but actually00:28:17
a small iceberg or a growler which might00:28:20
only be the size of a small car00:28:23
can be very dangerous00:28:25
granted the risk of a ship colliding00:28:27
with it is probably lower00:28:29
but the00:28:31
possibility that a ship would not see it00:28:33
is higher00:28:39
[Music]00:28:44
keep a sharp lookout for ice00:28:46
particularly small ice and growlers00:28:50
and pass that word until daylight00:28:52
sir00:28:53
what is a growler00:28:55
growler really is the worst form of ice00:29:00
it's a larger burg that is melted down00:29:02
or should i say a solid body of ice that00:29:05
is lower in the water and00:29:08
much more difficult to see than field00:29:10
ice or00:29:11
icebergs00:29:12
what was the ship's speed00:29:14
21 knots00:29:16
21 knots is about 700 yards a minute00:29:19
is your view that you could see a00:29:21
growler at a safe distance at night time00:29:24
going at that pace00:29:26
i judge that i could see a growler at a00:29:28
mile and a half00:29:30
or more probably two miles00:29:39
at 10 o'clock fleet and lee start their00:29:41
watch00:29:44
in poor visibility the lookouts are00:29:46
watching for growlers unaware that the00:29:49
danger ahead is from a large iceberg00:29:56
over its two-year journey the iceberg00:29:58
has reduced in size but it is still 3000:30:01
meters high the same height as the00:30:03
crow's nest00:30:09
the titanic steams ahead at a top speed00:30:12
of 40 kilometers per hour00:30:19
captain smith checks the bridge before00:30:21
retiring for the night00:30:28
it's cold00:30:30
yes it is cold sir00:30:32
not much wind00:30:34
either no sir as a matter of fact it's a00:30:38
flat calm00:30:39
yes00:30:41
a flat calm00:30:45
you both realized at the time that since00:30:47
it was a flat calm it would be more00:30:49
difficult to see the ice00:30:52
as far as the case of the berg is00:30:55
concerned yes it will be much more00:30:57
difficult00:30:59
naturally00:31:00
you wouldn't see the water breaking on00:31:02
it if there were no wind so you would00:31:04
not have that to look for00:31:08
[Music]00:31:11
there should be a certain amount of00:31:13
reflected light from the iceberg sir00:31:16
yes providing it remains clear00:31:20
if it becomes at all doubtful let me00:31:22
know at once00:31:23
you see can i say did i miss the light00:31:26
follower00:31:28
if you were placed in similar00:31:29
circumstances would you still bang on at00:31:32
21.5 knots well that looks like00:31:34
carelessness you know00:31:36
that we should recklessly bang on and00:31:38
slap her into an iceberg regardless of00:31:40
anything00:31:43
but undoubtedly we should not do that00:31:45
what i want to suggest to you is that it00:31:47
was recklessness00:31:49
in view of the abnormal conditions and00:31:51
in view of the knowledge you had that00:31:53
ice was in the immediate vicinity to00:31:54
proceed at 21.5 knots00:31:59
then all i can say is that recklessness00:32:01
applies to practically every commander00:32:03
in every ship that crosses the atlantic00:32:05
ocean00:32:13
phillips is under a tight deadline and00:32:15
has only a two-hour window to send every00:32:17
passenger message while the titanic is00:32:20
in range of the cape race receiver at00:32:22
newfoundland00:32:24
he is interrupted by the fifth and the00:32:26
most critical ice warning of the day00:32:29
it is from another ship the ss masaba00:32:32
giving the precise location of an area00:32:34
containing icebergs that is now only 8000:32:37
kilometers away from the titanic00:32:40
this would alert the captain that the00:32:42
titanic is heading straight towards the00:32:43
iceberg00:32:45
but the warning came without the00:32:46
critical msg prefix00:32:49
phillips interprets the message as00:32:50
non-urgent and goes back to sending00:32:53
passenger messages00:32:55
[Music]00:32:57
[Applause]00:33:00
the closest ship to the titanic the00:33:02
californian sends a message to say that00:33:04
they have stopped for the night because00:33:06
of ice00:33:07
but their wireless operator has not00:33:09
waited for phillips to stop sending his00:33:11
messages and overrides it with a00:33:13
powerful signal00:33:16
ah00:33:17
bloody idiot00:33:18
[Music]00:33:23
phillips replies to tell the californian00:33:26
to stop sending ice warnings while he is00:33:28
busy with passenger messages00:33:36
[Music]00:33:38
who is it00:33:40
california keeps sending weather reports00:33:42
i'm still planning through this lot you00:33:43
want me to take over00:33:45
when i go back to sleep you can take00:33:47
over at 12 i'm not working past midnight00:33:49
i'm knackered00:33:52
the californians response is to turn off00:33:54
its wireless equipment for the night00:33:58
the titanic has now lost radio contact00:34:01
with the only ship less than two hours00:34:03
away00:34:05
by 11 30 p.m the iceberg is just six00:34:08
kilometers away00:34:13
traveling at 40 kilometers an hour the00:34:15
titanic will collide with it in 1000:34:17
minutes00:34:24
the earlier decision by officer blair to00:34:26
leave with the keys to the binoculars00:34:28
locker now comes into play00:34:30
lookouts fleet and lee have to rely on00:34:32
their own eyesight00:34:34
can you explain to my lord my glasses00:34:36
were not provided for the lookout men on00:34:37
the titanic00:34:41
no i00:34:42
could not offer any explanation if it00:34:45
had been a matter in your discretion00:34:46
would you have provided them then00:34:48
had they been on the ship i00:34:51
might have done had your glasses on the00:34:52
bridge00:34:53
we had so there would be from time to00:34:56
time during the whole course of the00:34:57
voyage a pair of glasses available00:34:59
on the bridge on the bridge which could00:35:02
have been handed up or given to the00:35:03
lookout man00:35:06
if there had been glasses in the crow's00:35:08
nest would you have used them00:35:09
[Music]00:35:12
yes00:35:13
constantly00:35:15
yes after all you are the man who00:35:16
discovered the iceberg00:35:19
yes00:35:20
if it was necessary to have glasses do00:35:21
you not think you should have gone to00:35:22
the bridge or telephone to the bridge00:35:24
and said i am told to keep a sharp00:35:26
lookout and i have not got any glasses00:35:28
they would know that but you did not00:35:31
call their attention to it00:35:34
no00:35:35
i did not00:35:37
do you think that if you had had glasses00:35:39
you could have seen the iceberg sooner00:35:41
certainly how much sooner do you think00:35:43
you could have seen it00:35:45
it's time for the ship to get out of the00:35:47
way so that it is your view that if you00:35:49
had had glasses it would have made all00:35:51
the difference between safety and00:35:53
disaster00:35:56
yes00:35:58
[Music]00:36:03
it's a minor00:36:06
it's a major00:36:10
orion00:36:24
the iceberg is 100 meters away and00:36:26
closing in on the titanic but the00:36:28
lookouts still have not seen it00:36:44
because the sea is a flat calm without00:36:46
binoculars it's impossible for the00:36:48
lookouts to spot an iceberg00:36:51
until it's right on top of them00:37:04
[Music]00:37:14
ice bag right ahead00:37:16
[Music]00:37:19
harder starboard00:37:20
[Music]00:37:23
after putting the ship's engines into00:37:25
reverse murdoch's instinct is to steer00:37:27
away from the iceberg00:37:31
[Music]00:37:45
[Music]00:38:06
from the bridge it looks like they've00:38:08
had a lucky escape the collision is so00:38:10
gentle that many of the passengers and00:38:12
crew sleep through it00:38:15
forensic metallogist hooper mccarty will00:38:18
be pivotal in finding out why such a00:38:20
gentle collision results in such00:38:22
devastating consequences00:38:24
the first place to look will be the00:38:26
survivor testimonies and one in00:38:28
particular would catch her attention00:38:31
some people barely felt it some00:38:34
explained it as sort of a glancing blow00:38:36
a shudder00:38:37
but not something that moved them across00:38:40
the ship00:38:45
fireman barrett was one of the most00:38:49
important pieces of testimony he talked00:38:51
about being standing in boiler room00:38:54
number six and seeing water coming in00:38:57
your name is frederick barrett00:38:59
yes00:39:00
now just tell us what happened that you00:39:02
saw00:39:03
in the stoke hold00:39:05
a red light goes on when the ship's00:39:06
supposed to stop00:39:15
well this red light came on00:39:18
i'm the man in charge of the watch00:39:21
i called out00:39:23
shut all dampers what was the next thing00:39:25
that happened00:39:27
the crash happened before we had the00:39:28
where was this crash00:39:31
water came pouring in or two feet above00:39:34
the stockhold plate00:39:35
can you point to where that is on the00:39:36
ship00:39:58
the ship's side was torn00:40:00
from the third stokehold to the forward00:40:02
end00:40:04
this was the clue hooper mccarty had00:40:06
been looking for00:40:08
fireman barrett's testimony suggests00:40:12
that00:40:13
the damage00:40:14
wasn't due to00:40:16
fracture00:40:17
mid-plate or within the whole plates00:40:19
instead it suggests that there may be00:40:22
something wrong with the seams maybe the00:40:25
question was really in the the rivets00:40:27
the quality of the rivets00:40:34
to find out she decides to analyze all00:40:37
46 rivets retrieved in 1998 during an00:40:40
expedition to the wreck of the titanic00:40:43
she makes an amazing discovery and gets00:40:46
closer to solving the mystery of what00:40:48
led to the sinking of the titanic00:41:04
hooper mccarty has been studying the00:41:06
rivets recovered from the wreck of the00:41:08
titanic00:41:09
the first step in the forensic00:41:12
investigation was to find out what those00:41:16
rivets were made of and how that00:41:18
material would act00:41:21
under different mechanical tests00:41:24
some are found to be made of steel some00:41:26
are made of iron00:41:29
hooper mccarty carries out a00:41:30
groundbreaking experiment00:41:33
for the very first time the effects of00:41:35
using iron rivets rather than steel are00:41:37
explored00:41:39
a section of the titanic's hull is00:41:41
reproduced00:41:42
we compared a wrought iron rivet to00:41:45
a steel rivet00:41:47
and found that with just very little00:41:50
movement of the steel plate five00:41:53
millimeters you would reach a point in00:41:56
the wrought iron rivet or when it would00:41:58
begin to fail00:42:02
the test replicates the amount of00:42:04
pressure the titanic's hull was under00:42:06
during the collision00:42:08
as the iron rivets fail under the00:42:10
pressure of the iceberg they snap off00:42:12
one at a time00:42:14
the titanic's hull opens up like a00:42:16
zipper allowing huge amounts of water to00:42:18
flood in00:42:20
[Applause]00:42:22
so here we have a ship that's unsinkable00:42:26
that's state of the art for 1912 that's00:42:29
built with one and a half inch thick00:42:31
steel plates and wrought iron rivets00:42:34
but as hooper mccarty continues with her00:42:36
experiments she realizes she is still00:42:39
missing a vital piece of information00:42:42
wrought iron is 30 weaker than steel but00:42:45
still it should have been strong enough00:42:47
to hold the hull together00:42:49
could something else have weakened the00:42:50
rivets00:42:52
to find out more she decides to examine00:42:54
the hundred-year-old rivets under an00:42:56
electron microscope she finds large00:42:59
particles embedded in the structure of00:43:00
the iron00:43:02
when you look at wrought iron you see a00:43:05
combination of both iron or pure iron00:43:08
and these impurities that are caught in00:43:10
particles known as slag00:43:13
slag can actually strengthen the wrought00:43:16
iron in one direction but it can weaken00:43:19
it in the opposite direction in the00:43:21
perpendicular direction00:43:25
these slag particles have the potential00:43:27
to make the rivets brittle and prone to00:43:29
fracture00:43:31
[Music]00:43:34
when the wrought iron rivets are00:43:35
hammered into place the slag particles00:43:38
are at a 90 degree angle it creates a00:43:40
weakness in the head of the rivets00:43:46
it is a defect that might have gone00:43:48
completely unnoticed if the ship hadn't00:43:50
struck the iceberg00:43:52
during the collision that night those00:43:55
weak rivets couldn't withstand that00:43:57
force and their heads pot00:44:08
fireman barrett was probably describing00:44:11
was a parted seam due to00:44:13
the popping of rivet heads00:44:21
from the very day that she was designed00:44:23
she was almost doomed00:44:25
so this is the if you like you could put00:44:28
it as bluntly as this is almost the00:44:29
achilles heel00:44:31
of the titanic00:44:33
but hooper mccarty is still not00:44:35
satisfied00:44:37
why did the rivets used to build the00:44:38
hull contain so many impurities the next00:44:41
step in the search for clues leads her00:44:43
to the archives at the shipyard where00:44:45
the titanic was built she makes an00:44:47
amazing discovery i went to belfast and00:44:50
looked through the harland and wolf00:44:52
archives00:44:53
from ordering contracts i was seeing00:44:55
number three iron that was used instead00:44:58
of number four which was the standard at00:45:01
the time00:45:03
the builders of the titanic had not00:45:05
ordered number four the best and purest00:45:07
grade wrought iron but a number three a00:45:10
lower grade of iron with a much higher00:45:12
concentration of slag impurities00:45:15
this had a huge effect on the strength00:45:17
of the rivets in the hall of the titanic00:45:25
[Music]00:45:29
the critical issue is that with bad or00:45:31
poor quality wrought iron you end up00:45:33
with a weakness00:45:35
at the head of the rivet00:45:38
if you have good wrought iron you don't00:45:40
have that same weakness it will break00:45:42
the rivet will fail00:45:44
but it's going to last a little longer00:45:46
and00:45:47
1500 people00:45:49
their lives would have been saved and00:45:50
then a boat could have gotten there and00:45:53
rescued people00:45:54
before the ship was doomed00:45:57
what hoopa mccarty couldn't find out is00:45:59
who authorized the purchase of the00:46:01
weaker batch of iron rivets00:46:03
and why00:46:05
what did we hit an iceberg sir i've00:46:07
closed the watertight doors you run the00:46:08
warning bell yes sir i said box all to00:46:10
look ready damage00:46:13
the watertight doors are shut off as00:46:14
soon as the collision takes place but00:46:16
with the rivets on the hull failing00:46:18
water is now breaching the gaps in the00:46:20
sides of the ship00:46:23
at midnight one of the ship's designers00:46:25
who is on the maiden voyage breaks the00:46:27
shocking news00:46:29
is anything to matter have we hit00:46:31
something00:46:33
i'm afraid so we've struck an iceberg00:46:37
how bad is it is she taking on water00:46:40
she's sinking mr esme00:46:43
but that's impossible00:46:45
in two hours she'll be at the bottom of00:46:47
the ocean00:46:48
can't we close off the compartments we00:46:50
have trapping hundreds of men below00:46:54
but it isn't working i don't understand00:46:57
she's supposed to stay afloat with four00:46:58
compartments flooding we're flooding in00:47:01
five compartments mr esme00:47:07
i'll be in the wireless room mr maddock00:47:10
shall i prepare the lifeboat sir00:47:13
yes but00:47:14
no need to panic the passengers00:47:17
i understand sir00:47:18
[Music]00:47:21
the majority of the crew and all the00:47:22
passengers believe that the damage to00:47:24
the ship is minimal00:47:26
unaware that the ship is letting in00:47:27
water at 400 tons a minute00:47:30
the sheer volume of water was so much00:47:33
weight00:47:34
was drawing the bow of the vessel down00:47:37
and as each00:47:38
compartment00:47:40
went below the water the water flowed00:47:42
over into the next compartment the00:47:44
flooding00:47:45
the mathematical principles of the00:47:47
vessel as each compartment flooding and00:47:49
foundering00:47:51
was set00:47:52
[Music]00:47:56
ismae's earlier decision to lower the00:47:57
bulkheads now has a dramatic effect00:48:01
with higher bulkheads the flooding in00:48:03
each compartment would have taken longer00:48:04
to fill and overflow into the next00:48:06
compartment00:48:08
with lower bulkheads the ship is now00:48:10
flooding rapidly00:48:12
but the designers didn't lower the front00:48:14
bulkhead because they believed it to be00:48:16
the crucial one00:48:18
they were anticipating any collision to00:48:20
be head-on00:48:23
if this happened the water wouldn't00:48:25
flood beyond the front collision00:48:27
bulkhead00:48:29
no one imagined an iceberg would collide00:48:31
with the bow00:48:35
it was the worst possible scenario00:48:39
this part of the ship wasn't designed to00:48:41
take the force of an impact00:48:45
i think if william murder had plowed00:48:47
directly into the iceberg00:48:49
titanic would have survived the main00:48:52
impact would have been taken by her00:48:53
collision bulkhead the steel wall right00:48:56
up to the weather deck the highest deck00:48:58
within the vessel00:49:01
this design for the bulkheads made sense00:49:04
a hundred years ago00:49:06
the last time a ship had struck an00:49:08
iceberg was in 187900:49:11
when ss arizona plowed into one head-on00:49:14
the bow was badly crushed but she stayed00:49:16
afloat00:49:17
proving that the front bulkhead did its00:49:19
job00:49:22
[Music]00:49:33
at midnight bride is due to take over00:49:35
from phillips it is now 40 minutes after00:49:38
the collision they still have no idea00:49:40
how serious the situation is00:49:48
i finished the lot00:49:50
took me exactly three hours yeah well00:49:52
done have the engine stopped yeah00:49:54
apparently we've struck an iceberg00:49:56
looks like we'll be heading back to00:49:57
belfast00:49:59
great that means another shed load of00:50:01
messages00:50:02
sorry dearest i shot me coming to new00:50:03
york after all00:50:05
how much you make00:50:06
a lot00:50:08
mr marconi will be pleased00:50:11
captain smith is fast running out of00:50:13
options as to what to do00:50:15
but he has the miracle of wireless this00:50:18
new technology on board00:50:21
there's more here00:50:26
should we read them00:50:28
go ahead00:50:32
we'll be00:50:33
in new york00:50:35
in two days00:50:39
send the regulation call for assistance00:50:41
now00:50:42
book horsham sensor the regulation call00:50:44
for assistance cqd come on man wake up00:50:48
i need our position00:50:50
41 46 north 50 14 west00:50:56
i just get a bloody move on sir00:51:02
it may take a few minutes00:51:04
why not send sos it's the new call00:51:07
it's worth a try00:51:08
let me know as soon as a call comes00:51:10
through yes sir00:51:12
he's a clever boy then00:51:16
philips can reach every ship within the00:51:18
wireless range of 400 miles00:51:21
their best hope is the californian only00:51:23
32 kilometers away and near enough to00:51:26
save everybody00:51:27
but after receiving the rude message00:51:29
from philips their wireless will remain00:51:31
switched off until morning00:51:41
who is it00:51:42
it's the frankfurt00:51:45
okay stand by00:51:48
the useless00:51:50
the titanic's powerful radio signal is00:51:52
reaching far afield00:51:54
the frankfurt is over 100 kilometers00:51:56
away they need to contact a much closer00:51:59
ship00:52:00
i don't know why the californians not00:52:01
responding00:52:03
steamships followed established tracks00:52:06
across the atlantic00:52:07
it was nicknamed the transatlantic00:52:09
railway00:52:10
there were hundreds of ship movements00:52:12
every day so there was always an00:52:14
opportunity of remaining in radio00:52:17
contact with another vessel or even00:52:18
seeing another vessel you could call up00:52:21
assistance00:52:22
if you if you needed it00:52:27
it's the carpathian00:52:29
they're putting about and heading for us00:52:40
take this00:52:43
excuse me00:52:44
sir she's from the carpathia sir00:52:48
she's turned around and coming along as00:52:49
quickly as she can no other ships the00:52:52
frankfurt has told us to stand by we're00:52:53
trying the californian but she's not00:52:55
replying00:52:56
thank you mr bride00:52:58
sir00:53:02
anything00:53:03
the olympic might be on its way00:53:05
[Music]00:53:07
even with only 16 lifeboats everyone can00:53:11
be shuttled to safety if the carpathia00:53:13
reaches the titanic within two hours00:53:15
the captain now knows the safety of his00:53:17
passengers is a race against time00:53:32
the titanic is badly damaged and taken00:53:35
on water fast one of the ships nearby00:53:38
the carpathia has picked up their00:53:39
distress signal and is on its way for00:53:42
the thousands of passengers it's their00:53:44
only chance of rescue00:53:47
she's 58 miles away sir00:53:51
carpathia's top speed is no more than 1500:53:53
knots00:53:55
she's four hours away sir00:53:58
but we can only stay afloat for another00:54:00
two hours00:54:02
perhaps you'd better return to the boat00:54:04
deck mr murdock00:54:06
captain00:54:11
people don't pay to look at lifeboats00:54:28
captain smith knows exactly how many are00:54:30
on board he knows exactly how many00:54:33
spaces he has in the lifeboats and he00:54:35
knows exactly how long titanic has to00:54:37
live00:54:38
a very great many of the passengers on00:54:41
board are going to die00:54:44
there's that point00:54:46
that captain smith suffered some sort of00:54:48
mental breakdown00:54:49
because at that point00:54:51
the command structure falls apart on00:54:53
board00:54:54
and we better start getting the00:54:56
passengers into the light boats sir00:54:59
sir00:55:01
yes00:55:03
women and children first00:55:06
yes let's do that00:55:09
sir00:55:14
light hauler will later misinterpret the00:55:16
captain's command with terrible00:55:18
consequences00:55:21
[Music]00:55:22
two-month-old melvina dean is one of the00:55:24
few third-class passengers to make it00:55:26
into a lifeboat00:55:29
now 96 she is the last living survivor00:55:32
lots of people thought the ship was00:55:34
unsinkable so they just stayed00:55:37
my father was very quick on the uptake00:55:40
he got us immediately up on deck you00:55:42
can't just stand around here okay00:55:44
no need to panic just one at a time into00:55:46
the lifeboat women and children only sir00:55:51
and then my mother say goodbye to my00:55:53
father00:55:54
and they'd only be married about four00:55:56
years00:55:57
and so she's so brokenhearted that she00:55:59
would never speak about it00:56:01
because i was small they couldn't hold00:56:03
me and had to put me in a sack00:56:08
women and children only sir00:56:18
lightholer interprets captain smith's00:56:20
orders00:56:21
as women and children only00:56:24
fart away00:56:26
[Applause]00:56:29
and that allowed unnecessary deaths00:56:31
caused unnecessary deaths00:56:34
many of the lifeboats are launched half00:56:37
empty00:56:40
ismae is on the starboard boat deck00:56:42
helping women and children get into the00:56:44
last lifeboat00:56:47
did you see how many passengers were put00:56:49
into this lifeboat00:56:50
no i00:56:51
did not see at the time did she appear00:56:53
to be full00:56:55
she was very full00:57:10
as she was being lured away00:57:14
there was no order to you to get in00:57:17
no00:57:20
none00:57:25
ismei is one of the few men to take a00:57:28
place in the lifeboats00:57:29
[Music]00:57:35
the last lifeboat leaves with over 160000:57:38
people left on board00:57:42
the titanic can stay afloat for only 3000:57:44
more minutes00:57:46
time is rapidly running out00:58:01
the titanic is sinking in only 30 more00:58:04
minutes she will be on the ocean floor00:58:11
[Music]00:58:16
then you've done your full duty you can00:58:18
do nothing more00:58:20
abandon your cabin00:58:23
it's every man for himself now00:58:40
the captain said we are to leave just a00:58:42
moment00:58:46
while there is still electricity on00:58:48
board phillips tries to stay in00:58:50
communication with the carpathia00:58:52
updating her of the titanic situation00:59:03
[Music]00:59:11
what is it the frankfurt's interfering00:59:13
with the carpathian signal00:59:16
[Applause]00:59:18
although there are enough life jackets00:59:20
to go around the chaos on the ship means00:59:23
that many are left without00:59:25
bride will later tell of a stoker from00:59:27
the boiler room who was forced to take00:59:29
desperate measures00:59:39
please00:59:48
it's not moving00:59:50
let him rot01:00:05
captain smith is last seen in the bridge01:00:10
he will go down with a ship01:00:16
[Music]01:00:20
over two hours after the collision with01:00:22
the iceberg01:00:24
the titanic sinks to the bottom of the01:00:26
ocean01:00:28
[Music]01:00:33
bride is one of 1500 people that are01:00:35
plunged into the icc01:00:39
how did you come off from the boat deck01:00:41
i was swept off with a collapsible boat01:00:44
and was the water rising all the time01:00:46
yes01:00:48
and then the water was flush with the01:00:49
boat deck01:00:50
yes01:00:52
and swept this boat off into the sea and01:00:54
you with it01:00:56
yes01:00:58
the last i saw in phillips01:01:01
he was standing on the deck house01:01:03
so then you found yourself in the water01:01:06
what happened next01:01:08
i so away from the titanic01:01:20
when somebody goes in the water01:01:21
especially very cold water the first01:01:23
thing they're going to experience is01:01:25
panic and shock01:01:27
as soon as you're subjected to water01:01:30
temperatures that are freezing or near01:01:32
freezing as they undoubtedly were that01:01:34
night01:01:35
disorientation01:01:37
and exhaustion01:01:39
and unconsciousness are likely within01:01:41
the first 15 minutes01:01:43
and survival is only likely for 15 to 4501:01:47
minutes01:01:49
your core temperature starts to go down01:01:51
it's just a matter of time before01:01:53
hypothermia sets in01:01:55
whether you die because of the cold or01:01:58
you drown01:01:59
it's it's an awful way to die01:02:02
the best thing that somebody can do is01:02:03
to get out of the water if you can01:02:10
both bride and lighthaller manage to01:02:12
stay out of the water by clinging onto01:02:14
an upturned lifeboat01:02:17
they are eventually picked up by another01:02:19
lifeboat01:02:37
[Music]01:02:45
two hours after the titanic sinks01:02:48
the carpathia arrives in the early01:02:50
morning light to rescue passengers01:02:57
bride survives suffering only frostbite01:03:00
in his feet01:03:09
[Music]01:03:11
but the carpathia arrives too late for01:03:13
his friend and colleague phillips01:03:15
who dies in the sea01:03:37
of the01:03:38
1523 that died on april 14 1912 only 32801:03:43
bodies are recovered01:03:46
most are buried in a cemetery in halifax01:03:50
many of the bodies cannot be identified01:03:52
and are simply marked with a number01:03:55
they have found some of their bodies and01:03:57
took them to halifax01:03:59
but they never found my father's01:04:01
you know you're stopping and you wonder01:04:03
what happened to him01:04:04
if he jumped overboard or if he'd gone01:04:06
down the ship or you have no idea what's01:04:08
happened01:04:09
which is quite awful01:04:13
it was mostly men who died but that01:04:16
doesn't mean it was only men01:04:18
that was part of the tragedy01:04:20
that there were women and children01:04:22
in the water and not in the lifeboats01:04:25
was was a part of that tragedy01:04:28
there were quite a few children and01:04:30
women who did not make it into the01:04:31
lifeboats01:04:41
roger that thank you01:04:43
you are clear01:04:45
to make sure this never happens again01:04:48
the international ice patrol is set up01:04:50
after the titanic tragedy01:04:53
one of the things we do every year is01:04:56
deploy wreaths as close to the position01:04:59
that the titanic sank as possible01:05:04
it is with the great respect and01:05:05
reverence that we commemorate the01:05:07
anniversary of the sinking of the rms01:05:08
titanic here in the north atlantic 9601:05:11
years ago01:05:12
and we remember the importance of our01:05:13
mission01:05:15
we remember the over 1500 souls who01:05:17
perished on that fateful day april 1501:05:19
1912 drop dropped up01:05:23
roger that thank you01:05:25
the fact that over 1500 people lost01:05:28
their lives01:05:30
is an awful thing as an unspeakable01:05:32
thing that we don't ever want to happen01:05:33
again01:05:35
[Music]01:05:40
the findings of the inquiry were that01:05:42
the ship was traveling at excessive01:05:44
speed in an ice region but that none of01:05:47
the crew were to blame01:05:49
they were only carrying out standard01:05:51
practice for the time01:05:55
it was recommended that in future the01:05:57
number of lifeboats on the ship should01:05:59
be enough for all persons on board01:06:02
[Music]01:06:05
i think the inquiry is a whitewash01:06:07
complete whitewash you have the the01:06:09
board of trade01:06:10
in effect01:06:11
um inquiring into a disaster that's01:06:14
largely of its own making the inquiry01:06:16
also decided that is may did not01:06:19
influence the captain over speed01:06:21
and was not at fault over the design of01:06:23
the ship01:06:24
the press was not so forgiving they01:06:26
branded ismea coward for taking a place01:06:29
in a lifeboat he resigns as chairman six01:06:31
months later and dies at the age of 74.01:06:36
despite the overwhelming evidence the01:06:39
inquiry makes no mention of the chain of01:06:41
events and decisions that caused the01:06:43
disaster01:06:46
the 16 lifeboats01:06:50
the height of the bulkheads01:06:52
the change in the ship's direction01:06:54
[Music]01:06:57
the wireless message that no officer01:06:59
would receive01:07:01
the wireless message that is ignored01:07:05
the californian switching off its01:07:06
wireless01:07:08
the lack of binoculars in the crow's01:07:10
nest01:07:12
and the iceberg that is born at the same01:07:14
time as the titanic and against all odds01:07:17
travels further south than is thought01:07:19
possible01:07:21
but it will take nearly a hundred years01:07:23
to reveal the fatal flaw located in the01:07:25
hull of the titanic which caused her to01:07:28
sink so quickly just two hours away from01:07:30
rescue and led to the death of over 150001:07:34
people01:07:51
[Music]01:08:29
youDescription:
Who Sank The Titanic? - The Secrets Behind the History | Free Documentary History Watch 'Waking The Titanic - The Tragic Story of the Irish Emigrants' here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5GjYR2Wk4g Everyone knows that an iceberg sank the unsinkable Titanic leaving more than 1,500 people to perish in what is now known to be one of the greatest maritime disasters in history. But this striking new film argues that it was actually a long chain of misjudgments, human errors and misfortunes that sealed the fate of the largest liner of its day, her passengers and crew. Had just one link in that chain been missing, this historic disaster may have been averted ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Subscribe Free Documentary - History Channel for free: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsgPO6cNV0wBG-Og3bUZoFA?sub_confirmation=1 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Twitter: https://bit.ly/2QlwRiI ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Free Documentary - History is dedicated to bringing high-class documentaries to you on YouTube for free. You will see fascinating animations showing the past from a new perspective and explanations by renowned historians that make history come alive. Enjoy stories about people and events that formed the world we live in.
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