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Russian
00:00:08
friends, hello, this year we are00:00:11
celebrating the 800th anniversary of the birth of00:00:13
Alexander Nevsky, you have already been found in the00:00:16
spring, you heard that there was a large battery,00:00:20
there was a big discussion00:00:22
on returning to the Lubyanka monument to00:00:25
Felix Dzerzhinsky, and then00:00:27
proposals were made to erect a monument to00:00:29
Alexander there. There was even a big00:00:31
vote in general on the middle of this00:00:33
story did not end with anything, but the story of00:00:36
Nevsky is, in general, the story that00:00:39
should be and which, in general,00:00:42
almost every large and00:00:46
small nation, to say the same, is such a00:00:48
hero who unites the nation, there were a lot of00:00:50
historical disputes, there00:00:53
really weren’t many00:00:57
Alexander Nizhny is considered an unconditional hero;00:01:19
when I make a historical00:01:22
issue, you understand that first you need00:01:24
to talk not about the character, but about the00:01:26
historical context, that is, what00:01:29
surrounds you and me because it’s obvious that00:01:31
things that happen00:01:34
around us affect us, they00:01:36
change us and force us to act, and00:01:38
so who was Alexander Yaroslavich00:01:41
Nevsky his father Yaroslav sat down this is the son of the00:01:46
legendary Prince Vsevolod the big00:01:48
nest I grew up everything was00:01:51
successively the Prince of Kiev he was the00:01:54
Prince of Pereyaslavl and he was the Prince of00:01:58
Novgorod such a great appanage00:02:00
prince as you know as you I hope you00:02:03
know at this moment on the00:02:05
holy territory in Russia there is feudal00:02:07
fragmentation, that is, all the local00:02:10
princes are endlessly fighting with each other, there00:02:13
is no united Russia, there is no united00:02:16
Russia, there is no all this is happening all this00:02:20
consists of appanage principalities, these00:02:22
principalities mean they are fighting first with the00:02:25
Pechenegs then with the Polovtsians in the west00:02:28
they are fighting with the00:02:30
Teutons pit with the Livonian Order with the00:02:33
Lithuanians and the Swedes, that is, Russia00:02:37
is in a ring of enemies and00:02:40
we are constantly at war with these enemies, but suddenly00:02:42
we don’t forget about each other, too, all the appanage00:02:44
principalities directly with each other00:02:47
are in a state of00:02:48
permanent war, what is this connected with, but00:02:51
somewhere they are dying, for example a strong prince,00:02:53
her father, small children are left behind, or there are children who are00:02:56
weak for various reasons and are physically00:02:59
insufficiently charismatic, they don’t know how to00:03:01
manage the land they inherited,00:03:03
immediately00:03:05
an army of neighbors comes and begins to burn, take00:03:08
away everything that they can overthrow you,00:03:10
annex their territory to you, and at00:03:13
this moment, frankly speaking, Russian princes,00:03:14
they all could hire00:03:17
Polovtsian fighters as allies, here they could00:03:21
turn to their western neighbors for help,00:03:23
that is, there is no single state00:03:26
and in general everyone behaves as they00:03:29
see fit in order to strengthen00:03:31
their influence Vladimir ska Suzdal00:03:35
principality the most important thing the strong00:03:37
principality of Russia at that time and,00:03:40
in fact, the father of Alexander00:03:43
Nevsky is00:03:45
Prince Vladimir, and this whole internecine00:03:49
history ends for Russia in a00:03:53
completely sad and tragic way. Since00:03:57
1237, starting on the borders of Russia,00:04:00
hordes of00:04:02
Tatar-Mongols appear on the borders of Russia, this is a very well00:04:04
organized and disciplined and00:04:06
numerous cavalry army which00:04:10
is engaged in the00:04:11
seizure of territories, which territories00:04:13
are annexed by some couples, just00:04:16
pay tribute and in fact they say in the00:04:18
thirty-seventh year the00:04:19
Tatar-Mongols invade Russia, a00:04:21
completely separate story is00:04:23
Tatar-Mongolian here, I understand00:04:25
that in the comments now there will be all00:04:26
possible versions of what actually it did00:04:29
n’t actually exist, you know, it was00:04:31
cooperation and so on, let us00:04:32
for now remain within the framework of traditional00:04:35
historiography of the00:04:36
Mongol-Tatars, the Mongols come to Russia and,00:04:39
in fact, capture by burning00:04:42
his shoes in 1240, the00:04:47
Tatar-Mongol yoke begins, all the territories of00:04:49
Russia conquered by the Mongols00:04:51
what a city with a wife where capable00:04:55
troops were destroyed in the only00:04:57
territory that the Tatars did not reach,00:05:01
this territory of00:05:02
Novgorod, the father of Alexander Nevsky, I00:05:06
grew up all the time, this is the first Russian prince00:05:10
who came to the horde in the Golden Horde and00:05:14
received a label for reigning label for00:05:17
reigning was a rough00:05:19
license document which the Tatar-Mongols issued00:05:22
as subordinates to the occupied00:05:24
territory, that is, it sounded and00:05:27
thus I grew up in the body of what are you labeling00:05:29
for reign, you know, our husband is responsible for the Russian00:05:31
land,00:05:32
and accordingly, per year you must00:05:35
deliver to us x x taxes, which means00:05:38
silver or furs and what in general00:05:41
how they agree00:05:43
[music]00:05:44
we are used to perceiving Alexander00:05:47
Nevsky as such a hefty man from a00:05:49
film or from a monument with a thick00:05:51
beard who looks about 50 or maybe 60 years old,00:05:54
in fact00:05:57
the battle after which Alexander Nevsky00:06:00
became not just Alexander Yaroslavich00:06:03
Alexander Nevsky this battle on the Neva with the00:06:07
Swedes has been going on since 1240, if we accept the00:06:10
fact that Nevsky was born in 1221 he00:06:15
was nineteen years old, if in the twentieth00:06:18
you understand, yes, a 20-year-old youth00:06:22
took part in such a battle, let’s all00:06:26
take place in order in 1239 Alexander00:06:30
Nevsky marries his wives, takes the daughter of the00:06:32
Polish prince Bryci, the words of Vasilkove00:06:34
Cha, the life of the holy prince, it is said that00:06:37
his wife wore one thing with the dumb and in the years of00:06:40
everyone that means and another amazing fact is that00:06:41
their wedding took place in two00:06:43
cities, first the sheep ladder will play and then00:06:46
also in the new that is, the scope you00:06:47
can imagine00:06:48
in general, any celebrations, just meetings with00:06:51
friends should be remembered by everyone for a00:06:52
long time, the best way for this is a00:06:55
delicious treat, drinks, such an ideal00:06:57
accompaniment could be an excellent00:06:59
eight-year-old whiskey with a mild taste,00:07:00
which are perfect for meetings with00:07:02
close friends, not just to host but a00:07:04
real one joy00:07:06
Novgorod is a rather interesting00:07:09
territory more western than Russian00:07:12
because00:07:13
Novgorod stands at the intersection of many00:07:17
trade routes it carries out trade00:07:19
with the west and trade with the east Novgorod00:07:22
is a city a member of the Hanseatic League00:07:24
the Hanseatic League from the union of free cities00:07:27
starting from Bremen and Lübeck to Novgorod00:07:30
such a trading network such a trade00:07:32
coalition that signed documents with each other00:07:35
options can00:07:37
trade freely move they cannot be00:07:38
taken away they cannot be imprisoned not winter roads play00:07:41
goods in general it’s quite a European00:07:43
system and Novgorod you will be surprised at this00:07:46
moment it is a00:07:48
super advanced city from the point of view of law00:07:51
it is a republican00:07:53
it is a Novgorod republic that is00:07:55
form of governance republican at the00:07:57
head of Novgorod there is a posadnik elected from the boyars00:08:00
all the structures of Novgorod00:08:03
speech then there is also such a veche Scott there is a00:08:06
citywide veche at which00:08:08
issues related to the00:08:10
politics of the city are discussed trade taxes and00:08:13
duties expulsion of someone from the city or,00:08:16
on the contrary, the call of some prince to the00:08:19
city so that he and his retinue defend this city.00:08:21
Every district of Novgorod has its own00:08:24
council and every street has its own thing, that is,00:08:27
you see, all decisions in00:08:30
Novgorod are made by this00:08:33
clothing gathering at the head of a new kind of00:08:36
boyars, these are the richest people and they00:08:40
invite the prince there is a prince who00:08:42
does not own, but he died for us, he reigns there, he00:08:45
protects his prince,00:08:47
a salary is paid, but he is not the owner of the new00:08:50
art, he is just a person00:08:52
who was called to00:08:54
carry out military functions, that is,00:08:57
the functions of protecting the city, respectively,00:09:00
Alexander Nevsky was the prince of the00:09:03
new three times, up to 1 time in Novgorod he got there in00:09:06
1228 he is 8 years old and his father goes on a campaign00:09:12
to Riga and leaves his children, that is,00:09:16
Alexandra and his brother in Novgorod in00:09:20
Novgorod the uprising begins a year later00:09:22
and that means the brothers and their mother are00:09:25
running away from Novgorod because the boyars threaten to kill them the00:09:29
next time he is00:09:32
called up to Novgorod in the00:09:35
mid-30s he becomes the00:09:38
prince of Novgorod and at this moment00:09:40
another story begins, which means Russia00:09:43
was devastated by the Tatars, subjugated by the Tatars,00:09:46
rather weak, but obviously the territory is00:09:48
weakened; the territories cannot field a00:09:51
common army, so let's00:09:54
bite off pieces at whatever cost, but the00:09:57
Tatars swallowed the biggest piece,00:09:59
and here it means Western strategic00:10:03
partners, let’s release under the bite of00:10:05
something, and everything is completely clear00:10:07
that diplomacy goes hand in hand with a military takeover,00:10:11
so all the actions of both the Swedes00:10:15
and later the Teutons were under the00:10:18
banner00:10:21
of planting Catholicism, that is, the Pope00:10:23
supported all this In 1233, a00:10:26
crusade was declared, yes, yes, the00:10:29
crusades were not only against00:10:31
Constantinople and not only for the capture of00:10:34
Jerusalem on the territory of Eastern00:10:35
Europe, crusades were also declared00:10:38
in 1233, a crusade was declared00:10:42
against the Prussians, these are the people who00:10:44
lived on the territory of the future of Western00:10:47
Prussia, now Kaliningrad region they00:10:49
were pagans, they immediately left00:10:50
Christie, what do you know, baptize, take away00:10:52
their lands, kill their leaders, and that means00:10:54
putting a town there, annexing00:10:55
the territory, and a selection of00:10:58
cowards, the crusade went further,00:11:00
naturally, the lands of the Latvians, the00:11:04
lands of the current Estonians and the western00:11:08
territories of Western Russia, all this00:11:10
meant declared territory of the00:11:11
Permian crusade, the Swedes land at the mouth of the00:11:15
Neva in00:11:16
1240, they come on their large boats, which00:11:20
means they set up tents on the shore, the00:11:22
ships remain on the water, and they are00:11:25
thrown at them by the mask, which means Jarl00:11:29
Birger is a prince, speaking in Russian, the00:11:33
Swedes send a dispatch to Novgorod that00:11:39
We came to fight your land and take it from you.00:11:41
If you can resist us,00:11:43
come then, according to legend,00:11:46
Nevsky says his famous phrase00:11:49
that God is not in power, but in truth, and without00:11:52
waiting for the approval of Novgorod, things with a00:11:55
small squad, this 19-year-old or00:11:58
20-year-old bunga the guy, for00:12:00
no apparent reason,00:12:03
hoots on their heads; the numerical00:12:06
minority of Swedes is much larger, in00:12:08
my opinion, two and a half times, and then the00:12:10
traditional Russian military00:12:12
feat begins, well, it’s clear that a person still has00:12:15
100 people in front of him or 350,00:12:17
which means Yandex whining and begins a00:12:19
natural defeat of the Swedes who00:12:21
unexpectedly did not expect this means the00:12:23
commander’s tent the golden tent there means00:12:26
Novgorod runs with an ax heri rubo00:12:30
this is the base of the tent of everyone it means they are00:12:32
covering the prince that is Jarl Birger it00:12:34
means they are trying to take Jarl Birger to a ship it means00:12:40
another of Alexander’s comrades is moving onto this ship on a wooden stage behind Nevsky, it00:12:43
means he kills 10 people there, they00:12:45
throw him into the water, the duration of the action is July, he emerges00:12:48
from this water again here and00:12:50
continues, it means00:12:51
Mesilovo, a00:12:54
simple man with Mikhail will sink 600:12:57
Swedish ships, well, it’s clear how it sinks,00:12:59
just people come up to their waists in the water and00:13:01
begin to rubicam the bottom in general00:13:04
Thus, the Swedes lost a huge00:13:05
number of people, the Neva won the battle, and00:13:09
Jarl Birger left a stamp on his face,00:13:13
that is, he hit him with a spear and almost00:13:16
almost killed him. There is00:13:19
a legend,00:13:20
or maybe it’s not a legend, that in00:13:22
fact Berger was not there at that moment on00:13:25
this campaign. he was in Sweden in00:13:27
general if you were in Stockholm00:13:29
look what the monument looks like Jarl00:13:31
uber hero quite an important Swedish00:13:33
figure here he is on the monument with absolutely00:13:35
no mark on his face but when00:13:38
your remains were found and when they were00:13:40
exhumed there really were some near his00:13:42
eye socket traces of a terrifying00:13:46
injury were discovered, which was most likely inflicted by a00:13:48
spear, thus Alexander00:13:50
Nevsky wins the first I know his00:13:53
significant battle who willfully take him in00:13:57
Novgorod, now you think we are00:13:59
being met as a liberator and as the00:14:02
greatest man in general, this is exactly how in00:14:06
1240 everything happens exactly the00:14:08
opposite Novgorodians he is being expelled why00:14:11
because the boyars understand Nevsky has returned00:14:14
he has won he is in small numbers he is00:14:18
super popular he is becoming just the00:14:21
main character Novgorod why do we00:14:23
need him now our here boyar things to know will00:14:25
somehow subdue him and they00:14:29
expel the prince it is 1240 Yaroslav00:14:33
to improve everything with Alexander Nevsky00:14:35
is alive and well and00:14:37
he sits reigning in Vladimir, he has00:14:41
quite a good relationship with Batu,00:14:43
this is such a legendary00:14:46
Tatar-Mongol Khan Batu, and in general,00:14:50
he is the most important prince of00:14:54
Russia. Nevsky means he is expelled and,00:14:58
in fact, the second coming of00:15:02
Alexander Nevsky is00:15:07
1242 why 1242, following the00:15:11
Swedes, the Germans00:15:13
come to the territory of Western Russia;00:15:18
this is the Order of the Swordsmen; the Order of the00:15:22
Swordsmen is a knightly order specially created to00:15:24
fight against the Bolts,00:15:27
which operates in the00:15:29
Baltic states; in fact, these people00:15:30
organized, for example, the city of Revel, which is00:15:34
now called Tallinn and is the00:15:36
capital of Estonia it means that after this, in00:15:40
1226, another order00:15:44
appears, this is the Teutonic Order, it00:15:47
consists entirely of people with combat experience in Syria,00:15:50
that is, if you look at the historical00:15:52
outline of Europe, at that moment it carries out00:15:54
crusades on the territory of Asia, there,00:15:57
accordingly, the very needle00:15:59
rubilovo and these Here are the knights, seasoned in battles,00:16:01
having been defeated and in the00:16:03
Middle East, they accordingly00:16:05
move to the territory of what is now the00:16:08
Baltic states and, in general, are conducting a very00:16:10
successful expansion there. Accordingly, the troops of00:16:14
these two orders unite and the00:16:16
seizure of00:16:19
Western Russian lands begins;00:16:21
they capture Pskov; they capture00:16:23
Koporye; in general, they begin to threaten00:16:26
Novgorod and here is00:16:29
Alexander Nevsky, whom the Novgorodians are00:16:31
calling on to save and defend the00:16:32
city. Alexander Nevsky with his squad and the00:16:37
Novgorod militia gives the Battle of the Ice00:16:41
Battle of the Ice00:16:42
this is a famous battle, one of the main00:16:46
battles in which we participated,00:16:50
there are two versions, as it is described in00:16:53
Russian chronicles and since it is described00:16:55
in the German chronicles, they00:16:59
differ greatly in details, that is, in the Russian00:17:02
chronicles, the killed knights attack00:17:05
lightly, fell on the ice and went under water,00:17:07
in the German ones they fell on the grass, the time00:17:11
of action is April, it is not clear whether there was00:17:15
already grass there, most likely there00:17:17
was no quality there. there was going on, well, let's00:17:19
talk about the battle itself because it is00:17:22
also important from the point of view of military affairs, this is what the00:17:24
scheme looks like: attack of knights00:17:28
attack of Livonians this is a classic blow with a00:17:30
pig means a wedge that consists of00:17:33
heavy weapons of horsemen which are00:17:36
covered with padded armor inside the infantry, the00:17:38
so-called bollards are light infantry00:17:41
they either have short swords or crossbows, and00:17:44
that’s all this whole pig with all00:17:47
its might smashes the middle of the enemy formation00:17:51
into formation, usually stands like a brick there00:17:54
in a phalanx, this can be called00:17:56
breaks, takes out the middle, usually00:17:59
together with the commander, then all the00:18:00
other00:18:02
opponents scatter and the knights are already there00:18:05
galloping on horses and finishing off00:18:07
their opponents, respectively, the00:18:10
pig can strike only once00:18:12
because the horse is heavily00:18:15
armed with a rider in a very heavy manner,00:18:17
we have armor, look what00:18:19
the Western European knights looked like, these guys00:18:22
could not fight without a horse, that is, if he00:18:24
fell from the horse was like a beetle, which means he00:18:26
couldn’t even get up, he had to be lifted, of course,00:18:28
because he was lying there like a00:18:29
cockchafer on his back, he could have been00:18:31
completely calmly finished off, in general, the blow00:18:34
was more powerful, and you completely completely00:18:37
took out the enemy’s heart, the enemy’s00:18:40
structure, as a rule, a knight00:18:42
achieved this an easy victory, what to do,00:18:44
Alexander Nevsky, he put00:18:47
rather weak regiments in the middle and behind them there are convoys,00:18:51
here there are also two versions of apple, he00:18:53
placed the convoys so that people would not run and00:18:55
desert, according to the second version, these00:18:58
convoys cut off the knight's path forward00:19:00
forward, they could jump out onto the shore and00:19:02
should have meant to turn around the00:19:04
pig hit or wedge, whatever you want to call it,00:19:08
hit the middle00:19:10
swept away the entire weak middle into the army of00:19:13
Alexander Nevsky and in general the knights at00:19:15
this moment begin to celebrate the victory,00:19:17
but they do not understand that the two flanks00:19:21
consist of much stronger squads00:19:23
than the middle and on the flank the knights begin to00:19:26
pull apart and00:19:27
begin to beat the knights glide on the ice00:19:31
their horses are tired the Russians know the00:19:34
terrain better in general we begin to00:19:36
turn them into mincemeat a little and then many00:19:40
consider these to be legends well let’s00:19:41
stick to them because firstly it’s00:19:43
beautiful and secondly it’s beautifully the knights00:19:45
begin to flee from the Russian army they are00:19:48
heavier than the Russian fighters the ice cannot00:19:52
withstand them the ice begins to rise to00:19:54
crack and they, together with the horses, together with00:19:56
their entire harness, one account00:19:58
fails this is for us thus00:20:00
low wins this legendary battle the00:20:02
legendary battle on the ice takes many00:20:05
prisoners and subsequently changes them for gold00:20:07
and precious stones everyone is very00:20:08
happy00:20:12
there is a judgment that in fact no00:20:14
one fell through the ice everything00:20:16
was said for the sake of a nice word and then all00:20:19
this remained in historical memory00:20:21
thanks to the film by Sergei Eisenstein00:20:24
Alexander Nevsky in 1938 it is in00:20:27
fact both the Russian army and the Germans they00:20:30
they weighed about the same, but this is the00:20:32
chain mail and helmet of a00:20:35
Russian warrior, the Germans respectively00:20:37
had plate00:20:38
attire, the Germans fought with spears and00:20:41
two-handed swords, the knights also had a00:20:43
weapon called a morningstern, but00:20:45
you will be surprised now, this is what they call a00:20:47
musical performer, and this is a military00:20:50
weapon - a wooden stick at one end of00:20:53
which a metal ball is chained with00:20:56
iron spikes, very easy in battle,00:20:59
the weapon can be rotated and delivered00:21:03
absolutely monstrous blows, well,00:21:06
Alexander Nevsky the Savior has already twice00:21:09
turned out to be the deliverer of the Novgorod land,00:21:12
once from the Swedes, another time from the Germans,00:21:14
according to tradition, the00:21:15
Novgorod boyars expel him, of course,00:21:18
from the city, this is now completely it’s not00:21:19
a joke they really didn’t kick out because00:21:22
Nevsky was not just at the zenith of words, he00:21:24
was a demigod, it’s just his name they00:21:26
scared the enemies of in the00:21:41
battle with them, five princes were killed at once,00:21:43
Nevsky carried out a raid deep into00:21:45
Lithuanian territory, in general he acted00:21:48
extremely harshly, practically took no prisoners,00:21:51
and he also turned the Lithuanians, in00:21:54
general, with all available objects00:21:55
into a finely chopped vinaigrette, I remind you00:22:01
of the year 1245, low, only 25 years old,00:22:05
many of you too probably 25 years old,00:22:07
look at the great deeds at this00:22:10
age of Alexander Yaroslavich in00:22:14
1246, a00:22:17
tragic event occurs,00:22:20
Alexander Nevsky's father goes to the horde and there,00:22:23
according to legend, he was poisoned in 1246, his father00:22:27
dies and Nevsky00:22:30
goes to the Golden Horde for a label, here is00:22:36
another historical legend of his father there were00:22:38
good relations with Batu and Nevsky,00:22:43
according to legend, a legend in general history,00:22:46
Gumilev brought for the00:22:48
most part Nevsky had a very close00:22:50
relationship with Batu’s son from the com variety with00:22:54
whom they even fraternized according to rumors and in00:22:56
general this is their close friendship, which00:22:59
accordingly will allow Nevsky00:23:02
to strengthen itself,00:23:03
Nevsky returns back and in general00:23:07
it is already at that moment at the zenith of00:23:09
glory in 1201, two important events take place:00:23:12
firstly, the pope00:23:15
invites Nevsky to be crowned king00:23:18
and, accordingly, accept Catholicism,00:23:19
the logic is the following: you once accepted00:23:22
Orthodoxy from Byzantium, look at00:23:25
this Byzantium soon there will be nothing left of00:23:26
Constantine, the pressure has been destroyed, and00:23:28
actually how can you, from this00:23:30
weak state that will not00:23:32
help you in any way, you know why you need this00:23:34
Orthodoxy, which is the younger00:23:36
sister of Catholicism, let you be00:23:38
Catholics and we, in fact, we, that00:23:40
is, will we support you00:23:41
Alexander Nevsky this proposal00:23:45
is rejected by legends and chronicles that say00:23:48
that two such proposals were made00:23:50
and both were rejected, and back in00:23:53
1251 we concluded an agreement with the Norwegians,00:23:55
you will run into strong fighters, these are00:23:58
quite dangerous invaders, and so00:24:02
in 1251 we00:24:04
signed a low agreement with them,00:24:06
accordingly dividing spheres of influence,00:24:08
in fact, they divide the00:24:11
western lands, that is, we can now also00:24:13
attack Finland, we can00:24:15
go there further and at the expense of00:24:16
realizing our territorial00:24:19
claims, in00:24:22
1252 the following important events take place,00:24:26
important for Nevsky and important for Russia, the00:24:29
actual events for which the lowly00:24:32
then began to be blamed in the betrayal of00:24:34
the interests and family of not Holy Russia, what00:24:38
happens in 1252, his brother Andrei00:24:41
fights with the Tatars, they fight unsuccessfully, the Tatars, the00:24:46
Mongols defeat him and Andrei00:24:48
flees, they are summoned to the horde, and in00:24:54
1252 Nevsky becomes the main00:24:57
Russian prince of both Novgorod and00:24:59
Vladimir, and here is how00:25:02
talk would begin that he betrayed his00:25:04
brothers, he didn’t join them together, that means he00:25:06
fought with the Tatars, he may even have00:25:09
incited the Tatars so that he could00:25:11
defeat his brothers and get to00:25:12
become the most influential Russian prince,00:25:15
but you have to understand that00:25:17
discs in general, apparently, was a00:25:20
completely unique person because00:25:22
this guy at the age of 2500:25:24
wins absolutely phenomenal00:25:26
battles, shows mastery of diplomacy00:25:29
because on the one hand you have Swedes,00:25:32
Germans and Lithuanians and on the other hand you have00:25:36
the most terrible enemy from the Tatar-Mongols,00:25:37
all of them are generally stronger than you and00:25:39
therefore go It’s a shame to fight the Tatars in this00:25:43
situation, it means dooming00:25:46
not only oneself to defeat, but dooming the00:25:47
remaining Russian lands in general to00:25:50
mortal torment. It’s also clear that in00:25:52
revenge they will burn all the cities,00:25:55
take into slavery everyone who can be00:25:57
gathered, and that means they will ruin them for everything00:25:59
they can ruin therefore the fact that Nevsky00:26:02
did not join his brothers and the fact that he00:26:03
later went to the horde, in general speaking about the fact00:26:05
that he is a Lukash statesman and it is00:26:07
absolutely clear00:26:09
that he was saving his life there, he was thinking about00:26:13
something more from which they draw such a00:26:15
conclusion Well, if he had been such a00:26:16
calculating and cowardly person, it is unlikely that he would00:26:18
have rushed with a small number of people,00:26:20
first to the Swedes and then to the Germans,00:26:22
somehow he probably disappeared and in00:26:24
general, Novgorod probably00:26:26
returned to the brist several times, that is,00:26:28
something for me suggests that in Nevsky there00:26:31
was a dominant feeling of some kind of00:26:34
protection, whether concern for00:26:37
the territory faithful to him, faithful to him by God or entrusted00:26:40
to him by his father, this can be treated00:26:43
differently, thus from00:26:46
1252 to00:26:49
1263 to the date of Nevsky’s death, the00:26:52
so-called00:26:54
great reign of Nevsky becomes the00:26:58
main prince of Russia in the00:27:04
50s in the Golden Horde we begin00:27:07
leapfrog with the khans in00:27:09
1255 Bate dies in00:27:12
1256 his sensor dies so in00:27:17
1207 the streets die and Khan00:27:20
Berke reigns who until 1266 will outlive Nevsky for three years in00:27:23
addition they already had a00:27:25
strong army, quite ruthlessly and00:27:27
quickly and well-trained cavalry army;00:27:29
in general, everything was good; the system of00:27:32
organizing financial collections, or maybe00:27:35
they didn’t learn this from the00:27:37
Chinese, whose finances at that00:27:39
moment were already very good,00:27:41
respectively, for in order to collect00:27:43
tribute you need to know someone and you00:27:46
also collect, roughly speaking, parentheses, but in the village of00:27:47
Lbov there are 25 or three living, for this they00:27:50
do a population census and send00:27:53
their numbers, that is, people who00:27:55
count who carry out a recount00:27:58
or census of the population in order00:28:00
it is correct to then compress this tribute with the00:28:03
Tatar-Mongol dory, that is,00:28:04
directly with the receipt of this danis,00:28:07
another myth about what low means00:28:10
attached to the interests of Russia and is connected with what is00:28:13
happening in but Gordi in00:28:16
1257 an00:28:18
uprising begins in Novgorod at this00:28:21
moment the vile ones themselves are sitting in Vladimir the00:28:23
prince of Aries says his son00:28:24
Vasily is sitting, the uprising begins,00:28:26
the Tatar-Mongol Cheslins also come to00:28:30
take a census of the population and00:28:32
accordingly adjust the tribute, the00:28:33
Novgorodians are resisting this, it00:28:36
began to go on for a year and a half, naturally the00:28:39
Tatar-Mongol numbers are beaten,00:28:41
expelled, maybe even killed by00:28:43
those creatures, I didn’t I remember and, accordingly, in the00:28:47
Golden Horde they receive a report that00:28:49
they, but refuse to pay them tribute,00:28:51
and Nevsky comes to Novgorod,00:28:56
his son Vasily,00:28:58
he sends away and imprisons the prince of his son00:29:03
Dmitry,00:29:04
instigating Vasily to revolt, that00:29:06
Vasily took the side of the Novgorodians, that00:29:09
means they killed someone, blinded someone -they00:29:11
hanged him and oil, this uprising is suppressed00:29:14
quite harshly, and here is this00:29:16
mythology that he is acting in the interests of the00:29:18
Tatars, in fact, we, as I think, he is00:29:20
acting in the interests of the00:29:23
Russian lands, because if he had not00:29:25
given this rebellion, he would have been00:29:27
suppressed by the Tatar-Mongols. much more00:29:29
harshly this time they reached this point and from00:29:31
Novgorod to Pskov, I believe this or00:29:34
all the roads with the heads of both the boyars and ordinary00:29:38
people, Nevsky made on their own with00:29:40
less blood, even a drain, but00:29:42
nevertheless protected the western lands from00:29:44
the invasion of the Tatars from00:29:48
1259 he became the prince of Novgorod00:29:51
Dmitry Alexandrov, son of Alexander00:29:52
Nevsky, population census carried out00:29:54
on the ward begins to pay tribute in00:29:58
1262, another important,00:30:01
generally tragic event occurs in the00:30:05
Vladimir-Suzdal Russia of00:30:07
the Khan's Baskaks, that is, the Khan's people,00:30:10
when they arrived on a mission they00:30:12
beat the Tatar merchants, expel them in00:30:16
general, Russia begins to rebel00:30:18
accordingly Khan Berke00:30:20
sends low dispatches that after00:30:24
some time bombs with conscious troops00:30:26
will enter the territory of the00:30:29
Vladimir-Suzdal principality and, in00:30:31
general, will ask in all severity why00:30:33
you are treating our Basque00:30:36
Komi and our merchants this way,00:30:38
Nevsky00:30:40
pacifies the uprising and personally goes00:30:44
to the horde with gifts because that there is00:30:46
another important point to guard the tag, there00:30:49
are not enough soldiers, he tells Nevsky00:30:52
that he wants to announce,00:30:55
speaking in modern Russian00:30:57
language, but we are not mobilizing on the00:30:59
territory of the Vladimir-Suzdal00:31:00
principality to draw the Russian00:31:05
Tatar-Mongol army and00:31:07
Nevsky is going personally, he carries out with Khan00:31:10
Birki all winter and all summer dissuaded00:31:15
him from this mobilization and set off00:31:17
back in the fall, and on the way home on November 14,00:31:23
1263, Nevsky fell ill and00:31:27
died, according to a00:31:29
common legend,00:31:31
Nevsky was poisoned, just as00:31:34
his father was poisoned in the Golden Horde,00:31:37
so Nevsky dies on this the00:31:41
path of life ends and the00:31:43
no less important00:31:46
posthumous path begins,00:31:51
I began with the fact that Nevsky is one of00:31:55
those00:31:56
historical characters about whom the heroes who00:31:59
unite the nation00:32:02
after 50 years speak, with the participation of his son00:32:05
Dmitry Alexandrovich and Metropolitan00:32:07
Kirill, a hagiographical story was written,00:32:10
which became widespread.00:32:12
this is a story about the life of00:32:15
Prince Alexander Nevsky in00:32:17
1547, Alexander Nevsky was00:32:20
canonized as a saint, as you understand,00:32:23
and for his previously outstanding military00:32:25
services in protecting00:32:27
Holy Russia from all kinds of invaders, the00:32:31
propaganda function of the name of Alexander Nevsky, in the good sense of the word,00:32:36
begins to be realized by Peter the Great, Peter the00:32:39
First, being the first The emperor00:32:42
of the Russian Empire00:32:44
founds St. Petersburg and in order00:32:46
to justify the historical right of00:32:49
the Russians to the Baltic lands, he00:32:53
transferred the ashes of Alexander Nevsky from00:32:55
Vladimir to the banks of the Neva where the lowly ones were00:32:57
once00:32:58
gouged by the Swedes and00:33:01
founded the Alexander Nevsky Lavra or the00:33:03
Alessan Nevsky Monastery to00:33:05
thus Peter the first one says that we00:33:07
were here historically, here is one of our00:33:09
greatest figures, Prince Alexander00:33:11
Nevsky, he is here for you, which means he fought with00:33:14
you, God knows when in00:33:17
1725 Catherine the Great established the00:33:21
Order of Alexander Nevsky,00:33:22
this is one of the highest awards in Russia, it00:33:26
existed until 1917, here is the image00:33:30
Nevsky on the one hand as00:33:33
the patron of warriors on the other hand00:33:35
as a person who protects the Russian00:33:38
land from invaders, he was in many ways,00:33:40
of course, shaped by00:33:42
Peter and Catherine even further at the turn of the00:33:45
nineteenth twentieth century in00:33:48
1938 a very important film was released that00:33:50
I want you to watch, I advise you00:33:52
watch this film by the great Russian00:33:54
director Sergei Eisenstein00:33:56
called Alexander Nevsky in this00:33:59
film 3D is not combined Sergei00:34:02
Eisenstein the great Russian director00:34:04
the music for it was written by Prokofiev the great00:34:07
Russian composer and Cherkasov the great00:34:09
Russian actor played Alexander several of00:34:16
these are very important films from the point of view of00:34:19
cinema to know how they are made battle00:34:22
scenes and from the point of view of propaganda in the00:34:25
year thirty-eight we stand on the threshold of00:34:26
war with Nazi Germany and00:34:28
accordingly, by the Germans, whoever comes to us with a sword will00:34:31
die by the sword and00:34:33
these Germans who are absurdly floundering00:34:35
in cold water and rubbing it with ice00:34:39
are everything is shown in the film by Zen Stein with00:34:42
wonderful music with excellent00:34:45
camera work, what’s interesting I went on a train00:34:49
about a year ago and they showed00:34:51
Alexander Nevsky with pleasure00:34:53
I watched it again and that’s what’s00:34:55
interesting: the Soviet government, the00:34:57
Orthodox Church, not counting the allies00:35:01
until 41 years old and does not recognize and we understand00:35:04
that while the vile means00:35:08
he was fighting with the00:35:09
knights themselves from the Swedes, the church00:35:13
played a rather important role; temples in the00:35:16
film by Sergei Eisenstein even show00:35:18
a clergyman where they show the temple bells being rung,00:35:20
but nowhere is there a single face of a00:35:23
saint on any pulling together you will see the00:35:25
saints, that is, everything00:35:27
was carefully removed; however, this does not detract from the00:35:30
magnitude of this picture, I tell you again, be00:35:32
sure to look at it. During the00:35:36
Great Patriotic War, in00:35:37
1942, the Soviet Order of Alexander Nevsky was established00:35:42
and this is also a very important military award.00:35:46
Well, in the end, in 2008,00:35:49
the short one became the winner among a great00:35:51
many candidates in a television00:35:53
competition, the name of Russia is also ours with you00:35:55
in modern history, my friends, in a00:35:58
short time I tried to tell you00:36:01
everything that I think about Alexander Nevsky, it was00:36:04
no coincidence that I started with the fact that this one00:36:07
of those historical characters who00:36:09
are heroes who unite the nation in00:36:12
different countries such were in for Spain00:36:15
such is Sid compe ador who00:36:17
participated in the liberation of00:36:19
Spain from the Moors for the French such a00:36:24
hero is Count Roland and00:36:26
later Joan of Arc Alex Nevsky00:36:29
combined 2 extremely important hypostasis, on the00:36:34
one hand, he was in leadership, on the00:36:35
other hand, he was a diplomat and he00:36:39
was an outstanding statesman, which is why00:36:41
to this day the name of00:36:44
Alexander Nevsky is extremely important for00:36:46
all of us00:36:47
[music]Description:
Александр Невский - великий полководец Древней Руси, князь Новгородский, великий князь Киевский и Владимирский. К достижениям Александра Невского можно отнести не только победу в Ледовом побоище и разгром шведов в Невской битве. Во времена княжения ему удалось укрепить православие на Руси и заключить мир с наиболее сильным врагом - Золотой Ордой. В новом выпуске Уроков истории поговорим о том, как Александр Невский трижды был изгнан из Новгорода, почему отказался принять католичество и как стал великим князем Владимирским. Содержание: 00:00 Вступление 01:20 Удельные княжества 03:48 Татаро-монгольское нашествие 05:05 Ярлык на княжение 05:43 Как Александр Ярославович стал Невским 07:09 Политическое устройство Новгорода 09:00 Княжение Александра Невского 09:43 Крестовые походы 11:13 Битва на Неве 13:49 Изгнание из Новгорода 15:00 Захват западнорусских земель 16:41 Ледовое побоище 21:05 Литовский поход 22:13 Встреча с Великим ханом 23:10 События 1251 года 24:21 Великое княжение 27:04 Восстание в Новгороде 29:57 Поездка в Орду 31:52 Наследие 35:58 Герой, объединяющий нацию По вопросам сотрудничества пишите: [email protected] Подписывайтесь на Минаева в социальных сетях: Минаев в Telegram: https://t-do.ru/minaevlife Минаев LIVE в ВК: https://vk.com/minaev_live Минаев LIVE в Twitter: https://twitter.com/SergeiMinaev Минаев LIVE в Одноклассниках: https://ok.ru/minaevlive Минаев LIVE в Тик Ток: https://www.tiktok.com/@minaevlive Минаев Live в Яндекс Zen: https://dzen.ru/sergeyminaev
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