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гражданская

оборона

россии:

основные

способы

защиты

населения

00:00:31

in everyday life, a person, as a rule, is

00:00:34

quite capable of independently ensuring

00:00:36

his own safety; to do this, you

00:00:40

just need to know and follow the

00:00:41

well-known rules that are

00:00:44

explained to us starting in kindergarten,

00:00:46

but sometimes a person is not able to

00:00:49

withstand danger and then he is

00:00:52

sure that the state will come to the rescue,

00:00:55

but not everyone knows what should

00:00:58

the state do to protect its citizens and

00:01:01

what are the responsibilities of the

00:01:04

citizens themselves in this matter? In our country,

00:01:07

the responsibility for ensuring the protection of the

00:01:09

population in emergency situations and

00:01:12

during military conflicts is assigned to the

00:01:14

Ministry of the Russian Federation for

00:01:16

Civil Defense and Emergency

00:01:18

Situations and Elimination of Consequences of

00:01:21

Natural Disasters disasters,

00:01:23

if necessary,

00:01:26

other ministries,

00:01:28

departments,

00:01:29

government bodies of different

00:01:32

levels are involved in solving this complex problem. In our film, we will talk about the

00:01:36

main ways to protect the population and the

00:01:38

work of the state aimed at

00:01:41

increasing their effectiveness, as well as

00:01:44

what every citizen should know in order to

00:01:47

act correctly in a dangerous situation

00:01:49

and protect yourself and your loved ones,

00:01:53

currently there are three main

00:01:56

ways to protect the population: 1 the

00:01:59

use of personal protective equipment

00:02:02

is the well-known gas masks and

00:02:04

respirators 2 sheltering the population in

00:02:08

protective structures of civil defense

00:02:11

and 3

00:02:12

evacuating the population from dangerous territories, it is

00:02:18

no coincidence that personal protective equipment comes first in the

00:02:21

event of an accident at a chemical or

00:02:23

radiation plant,

00:02:26

they will help prevent the entry of

00:02:28

harmful substances through the respiratory system into the

00:02:31

human body; gas masks of various

00:02:34

types

00:02:35

protect the respiratory system from chemically

00:02:37

hazardous substances, primarily from

00:02:40

chlorine and ammonia;

00:02:41

and respirators from radioactive substances,

00:02:45

personal protective equipment are issued

00:02:48

at special points information about

00:02:51

which can be found out from the local

00:02:53

administration: gas masks and respirators,

00:02:57

the administration can give people in advance to

00:02:59

keep them at home; in this

00:03:03

case, it is necessary to comply with the

00:03:05

storage conditions; then, when there are warning signals

00:03:08

about the threat of an emergency,

00:03:11

personal protective equipment is used by

00:03:13

the population independently; in addition,

00:03:18

people living nearby chemical or

00:03:22

radiation hazardous enterprises are

00:03:23

provided with

00:03:25

personal medical civil

00:03:27

protection kits; the kit includes medications for

00:03:31

adults and children

00:03:32

that help reduce the harmful effects

00:03:35

of chemical, radiation and

00:03:38

biological hazard factors in the affected areas

00:03:40

in the event of emergencies,

00:03:43

it is necessary to remember that these

00:03:46

medications can only be used as prescribed by

00:03:49

medical professionals An example of protective

00:03:55

structures is the bomb shelter of the

00:03:57

Great Patriotic War, which

00:03:59

saved millions of people during raids by

00:04:02

enemy aircraft and in our time, sheltering

00:04:06

people in protective structures is one of the

00:04:08

effective methods of protection.

00:04:11

Civil defense protective structures are

00:04:14

divided into shelters,

00:04:16

anti-radiation shelters, shelters,

00:04:21

shelters are used in enterprises and

00:04:24

organizations,

00:04:25

including Among the radiation and chemically

00:04:27

hazardous employees who

00:04:31

continue to work during wartime,

00:04:36

specially equipped metro stations and

00:04:39

other underground premises are also used as shelters.

00:04:41

Anti-radiation shelters are built in

00:04:44

areas of possible radioactive

00:04:46

contamination caused by an accident at a

00:04:49

radiation hazardous facility. A new

00:04:57

type of protective structures, shelter, their

00:05:01

main difference from other protective

00:05:03

structures of civil defense is

00:05:06

that they will protect no nuclear

00:05:08

weapons from fragments of bombs and shells,

00:05:11

fragments of building structures of buildings

00:05:13

and structures,

00:05:15

this will increase the protection of the population from

00:05:18

conventional weapons,

00:05:20

the shelter is intended for people who are at

00:05:22

home at the time of danger,

00:05:25

including bedridden patients and

00:05:27

those serving them medical personnel,

00:05:30

it should be noted that the non-working

00:05:33

population,

00:05:34

which is mainly children and the elderly, in

00:05:37

case of danger, can take refuge in

00:05:39

any civil defense protective structure closest to home. You can find out

00:05:44

where the nearest protective structures are located and

00:05:47

in the municipal administration.

00:05:51

How to find out about a possible or already

00:05:54

occurring emergency situation

00:05:56

who will inform what needs to be done where to

00:06:00

go to warn about danger

00:06:03

serves as a civil defense warning signal

00:06:05

attention to everyone it is given

00:06:10

using urban and rural

00:06:11

warning systems

00:06:14

whose loudspeakers are located on the streets beeps of

00:06:17

enterprises

00:06:19

in crowded places at train stations and

00:06:21

airports information is posted on the

00:06:24

screens of the all-Russian integrated

00:06:26

information system and warning

00:06:28

the population to warn residents of

00:06:31

remote villages and towns,

00:06:33

special vehicles are used on

00:06:36

which information

00:06:38

screens and loudspeakers are located. If you

00:06:42

hear a signal, attention to everyone, immediately

00:06:45

turn on the radio or TV and

00:06:47

listen to information about further

00:06:50

actions. The message may indicate

00:06:53

specific streets and areas where residents

00:06:56

should take shelter. in protective structures,

00:06:59

then one of the signals is received: an

00:07:02

air raid alarm; a chemical alarm;

00:07:06

radiation hazard; threat of

00:07:08

catastrophic flooding; after

00:07:12

receiving information about evacuation,

00:07:14

you need to take an emergency suitcase and, without

00:07:17

wasting time, take shelter in the nearest

00:07:20

protective structure; a standard set of

00:07:22

emergency suitcase; a

00:07:24

first aid kit; a hand-held or headlamp flashlight;

00:07:29

and a spare battery for him hunting matches

00:07:33

dry alcohol gas lighters two or three

00:07:36

pieces cell phone radio and

00:07:39

batteries

00:07:41

universal knife

00:07:42

repair kit threads and needles, etc. a

00:07:46

supply of food and water for at least three days

00:07:50

disposable tableware personal hygiene products

00:07:54

change of underwear and socks you must

00:07:59

take personal protective equipment

00:08:02

gas mask respirator if they are stored

00:08:06

at home before leaving, be sure to

00:08:09

turn off the gas, turn off the electricity and

00:08:12

water supply, tightly close the windows and vents, what

00:08:19

evacuation is, everyone in

00:08:23

institutions and organizations at

00:08:25

enterprises knows

00:08:27

evacuation plans and buildings and the

00:08:30

indicated persons responsible for

00:08:32

carrying out this event in a visible place.

00:08:35

evacuation is a truly important

00:08:38

method of protecting the population, since

00:08:40

it allows a large number of people to be brought to pre-

00:08:42

prepared safe areas

00:08:44

at once, while

00:08:47

safe areas are prepared in advance for

00:08:50

the life support of the evacuated population;

00:08:53

evacuation can be partial or

00:08:56

complete; in case of partial evacuation,

00:08:59

disabled people and those not employed in the

00:09:02

production of the population, children and

00:09:05

students, are removed to safe areas. the elderly, disabled and sick, and

00:09:08

students of educational

00:09:10

institutions are

00:09:12

taken out together with relatives and

00:09:14

teachers; pupils of orphanages;

00:09:18

pensioners living in homes for the disabled and

00:09:21

veterans leave dangerous zones,

00:09:23

accompanied by workers of social

00:09:25

institutions; with a complete evacuation, the

00:09:28

entire population leaves dangerous zones, with the

00:09:32

exception of non-transportable patients

00:09:34

and their staff who

00:09:37

take shelter in protective structures

00:09:40

information about the beginning of the evacuation is

00:09:42

distributed over the radio broadcast on

00:09:45

television

00:09:46

to broadcast emergency messages

00:09:48

the display of television and

00:09:51

radio programs is interrupted

00:09:52

urban and rural warning systems are used

00:09:57

electronic media

00:10:04

are sent out

00:10:05

SMS messages Having received a message about the beginning of

00:10:09

the evacuation, you should take with you an

00:10:11

emergency suitcase with everything you need

00:10:13

and proceed to the assembly evacuation

00:10:16

point, the

00:10:18

addresses of evacuation points are indicated

00:10:21

in the information message and once again

00:10:25

we repeat the rules of behavior after

00:10:27

receiving the signal, attention to all

00:10:30

information about evacuation, turn off the gas,

00:10:35

turn off the electricity,

00:10:37

turn off the water, close the windows and vents tightly,

00:10:44

when evacuating from the zone of chemical

00:10:47

contamination and radioactive contamination,

00:10:49

dosimetric and radioactive contamination is carried out chemical

00:10:52

control partial or complete sanitary

00:10:55

treatment

00:10:56

exchange of clothing and shoes citizens are

00:11:00

provided with medical and

00:11:02

psychological assistance the

00:11:04

ultimate goal of evacuation is to deliver people

00:11:07

to a safe area and provide them with everything they

00:11:10

need for a normal life before

00:11:12

returning home

00:11:22

prospects for improving methods of

00:11:25

protecting the population specialists from the

00:11:28

Ministry of Emergency Situations and

00:11:30

other departments are constantly working to

00:11:32

increase the effectiveness of protecting the

00:11:34

population, developing the underground

00:11:37

space of cities to shelter citizens,

00:11:40

civil defense protective structures

00:11:43

are maintained in constant readiness for

00:11:45

use, a

00:11:48

new generation of personal protective equipment is being created,

00:11:53

evacuation plans are being developed in advance, work is underway to prepare

00:11:56

safe areas for the population,

00:12:00

special attention is paid to

00:12:02

improving the forms and methods of

00:12:04

forming a culture

00:12:06

life safety of the younger

00:12:08

generation of youth and adults;

00:12:11

expansion of the mass scale

00:12:13

and accessibility of ongoing events;

00:12:19

trouble can come suddenly;

00:12:28

every person must be ready to take action and provide assistance to people in need; without this indispensable

00:12:31

condition, we will not be able to feel

00:12:33

safe even in the most modern

00:12:35

protective structures

00:12:51

know and be prepared

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