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Table of contents
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Table of contents

0:00
Вступление
2:17
Древняя Греция в V-IV в. до н.э. Реформы и походы Филиппа II
16:52
Сражение при Херонее 338 г. до н.э. Основание Коринфского союза
26:13
Александр вторгается в Державу Ахеменидов
42:30
Битва при Гранике 334 г. до н.э.
51:44
Покорение Малой Азии
1:06:58
Битва при Иссе 333 г. до н.э.
1:16:27
Покорение Финикии
1:22:51
Осада Тира 333-332 гг. до н.э.
1:39:01
Александр в Египте и переписка с Дарием
1:50:44
Битва при Гавгамелах 331 г. до н.э.
2:03:07
Александр в Вавилоне и Сузах. Покорение уксиев
2:12:04
Битва при Персидских вратах 330 г. до н.э. Разорение Персеполя
2:22:15
Погоня за Дарием. Александр в Бактрии
2:36:43
Битва при Гидаспе 326 г. до н.э.
2:47:34
Возвращение в Вавилонию.
2:59:36
Смерть и наследие Александра Великого
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Video tags

маховик истории
александр македонский
александр македонский завоевания
александр македонский документальный фильм
древняя греция карта
древняя греция
древняя греция история
македония
битва при херонее
возвышение македонии
филипп 2
Афины
Спарта
античность
битва при гранике
персия
дарий 3
битва при иссе
ахемениды
парменион
Тир
Финикия
битва при гавгамелах
александр в египте
вавилон
битва при персидских воротах
битва при гидаспе
бактрия
согдиана
эллинизм
гедросия
александрмакедонский
индия
древняягреция
история
накарте
военнаяистория
образование
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Subtitles

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00:00:03
[music]
00:00:09
in the spring of 334 BC citizens
00:00:14
small ancient greek city and lei
00:00:17
witnessed an unprecedented event
00:00:20
huge
00:00:21
40,000 up army under command
00:00:23
young Macedonian king Alexander
00:00:26
approached the city with the intention of crossing
00:00:28
narrow strait horizon and invade
00:00:32
Persian possessions when troops
00:00:34
boarded transport ships
00:00:37
Alexander gave the order to turn from the shore and
00:00:40
the flotilla soon disappeared beyond the horizon
00:00:43
very soon the entire civilized world
00:00:47
will shudder at Alexander's accomplishments and
00:00:49
his Greek Macedonian army and
00:00:52
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00:00:54
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00:00:55
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00:02:18
[music]
00:02:26
by the middle of the fourth century BC
00:02:29
political anarchy in ancient Greece
00:02:32
reached its highest point and then
00:02:36
was not something uniform
00:02:38
separated into many
00:02:39
city-states called poleis
00:02:42
these state entities are noticeably
00:02:45
differed from each other in their
00:02:47
in size, however, they mainly consisted of
00:02:50
cities where the majority lived
00:02:52
population and
00:02:53
located around a rural area
00:02:57
the number of policies is confusing
00:03:00
relationships and lack of shared authority
00:03:02
led to permanent war
00:03:04
the conflict ultimately became the war
00:03:07
everyday life Volodya with Valera I'm in
00:03:09
political cultural and
00:03:11
intellectual life
00:03:14
however, there was a time when the Greeks still
00:03:17
were able to put aside mutual strife and
00:03:20
unite for a common cause and a half
00:03:24
centuries ago
00:03:25
Ancient Greek city-states collided in
00:03:27
military conflict with a powerful
00:03:29
the Persian Empire spread over
00:03:31
vast territory from Asia Minor to
00:03:35
India in four hundred and ninety
00:03:38
Persian king Darius 1 gave the start
00:03:41
military expedition against Greece
00:03:43
his army landed at Marathon
00:03:46
approximately 30 kilometers away
00:03:49
from Athens where it was defeated by joint
00:03:52
forces of Athenian and Plates hoplites 10
00:03:56
years later Darius' successor Xerxes 1
00:03:59
went on a campaign against Greece from where
00:04:02
larger search
00:04:05
overcoming the resistance of the Greeks
00:04:07
At Thermopylae the Persians reached Athens, which
00:04:11
took and plundered only by uniting
00:04:15
the efforts of the largest Alices, the Greeks were able to
00:04:18
finally crush the Persians in battle
00:04:21
at Salamis and under dresses
00:04:24
after this the king of Persia is no longer
00:04:27
attempted to conquer Greece
00:04:29
by force, however, Persian money will remain for a long time
00:04:33
served as destabilizing factors in
00:04:36
Greek politics
00:04:39
shortly after the completion of the Greco-Persian
00:04:42
two most powerful wars
00:04:44
military-political center of the Greek
00:04:46
world of athens and sparta
00:04:48
began the struggle for Volodya's hegemony
00:04:51
mid 5th century it turned out that fortune
00:04:54
favors Athens founded under their
00:04:57
the leadership of the military alliance was the most
00:05:00
powerful force in the region however
00:05:04
foreign policy turned out to be ambitious
00:05:06
above their real capabilities and the end
00:05:11
fifth century Athens suffered
00:05:13
crushing defeat of the Peloponnesian
00:05:15
the war lost leadership to the party but also
00:05:20
the Spartans were unable to
00:05:22
assert its hegemony myth of
00:05:26
invincibility of Spartan hoplites
00:05:28
The Thebans destroyed me, having won a convincing
00:05:32
victory tide [ __ ] and monterey
00:05:36
leadership feb nevertheless too
00:05:39
turned out to be short-lived iq 300 fortieth
00:05:42
BC all three policies
00:05:44
plunged into exhausting wars with
00:05:47
their neighbors and former allies
00:05:52
internal schism in Hellas
00:05:54
did not pass the attention of the Greeks themselves
00:05:56
many of those who made calls for
00:05:59
the unification of Greece saw a way out
00:06:02
political deadlock in general panel
00:06:05
Omsk campaign against the Persians
00:06:06
whose purpose would be revenge for
00:06:09
sacrilege committed during
00:06:11
Greco-Persian wars the most striking
00:06:15
This idea was supported by the Athenian
00:06:17
orator and Socrates at first he believed that
00:06:20
the organization of such a trip could be taken
00:06:23
athens and sparta
00:06:25
however, they were no longer capable
00:06:28
although they have tried to accomplish this task
00:06:30
play the role of great powers in Greek
00:06:34
world with your calls
00:06:36
and Socrates also addressed the writings
00:06:39
ruler Jason
00:06:40
from the roar of Syracuse to the tyrant Dionysius
00:06:43
the first one, however, killed two
00:06:46
starting to implement your plans
00:06:49
about Dionysus was too busy with Sicilian
00:06:52
affairs and the fight against Carthage at the end
00:06:55
ultimately the only force capable of
00:06:57
opinion and Socrates
00:06:59
unite the Hellenes to march to the east
00:07:01
became Macedonia
00:07:03
and her goal Philip the second seemed
00:07:05
natural Athenian orator
00:07:07
the leader of such a campaign at that time and
00:07:12
Socrates was one of the few who seriously
00:07:15
viewed Macedonia as significant
00:07:17
political force in the region due to
00:07:20
remote geographical location and
00:07:22
low strategic importance
00:07:24
Macedonia has always been an underdog
00:07:27
the country was no different from Hellenic politics
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highly urbanized
00:07:32
its population consisted mainly of
00:07:34
herders, cattle breeders, many connections with this
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Greek writers and thinkers
00:07:40
Macedonians perceived them as
00:07:42
half barbarians who lived somewhere on
00:07:45
the outskirts of the civilized world
00:07:47
the country's territory was constantly exposed
00:07:50
raids of the Illyrians which are three hundred
00:07:52
killed in fifty-nine
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Macedonian king Perdiccus 3 and installed
00:07:57
the very existence of the kingdom is called into question
00:08:01
this moment of crisis comes to the fore in
00:08:04
Philip II came out of Macedonian politics
00:08:06
from the sort of argue hells, eliminating all others
00:08:09
pretenders to the throne including
00:08:11
his young nephew Philip V
00:08:14
was three hundred and fifty-nine
00:08:16
proclaimed king of Macedonia
00:08:19
in a short time he managed to carry out
00:08:22
a series of transformations and bring Macedonia into
00:08:24
number of most powerful states
00:08:27
of the Greek world first of all Philip
00:08:33
significantly reorganized the Macedonian
00:08:35
army based on the Theban model
00:08:38
the whole country was divided into military
00:08:41
districts each of which had to
00:08:43
supply
00:08:44
a certain number of warriors
00:08:46
Philip armed the recruits with new
00:08:49
weapons of Surrey
00:08:51
a long and heavy battle spear,
00:08:53
four and a half five and a half
00:08:55
meters because
00:08:57
the chosen weapon required two hands
00:09:00
to act
00:09:01
it looks like a huge shield to them
00:09:04
with a diameter of 60 centimeters suspended
00:09:07
around the neck with a belt without having the means to
00:09:10
mass purchases of heavy protective equipment
00:09:12
equipment, Philip provided the warriors with lungs
00:09:16
armor
00:09:17
while increasing mobility
00:09:19
Macedonian infantrymen in formation
00:09:23
phalanx
00:09:24
tip king of the first three four
00:09:27
ranks were in front of the line while the war
00:09:30
in the next rows they held their spears
00:09:33
vertically or tilted to the side
00:09:35
enemy bristling with spears
00:09:38
the phalanx was placed far forward
00:09:41
a moving fortress difficult to vulnerable
00:09:45
sweeping away everything in its path with this
00:09:48
compensated for her clumsiness
00:09:51
and poor maneuverability, however, to
00:09:54
be tactically successful
00:09:57
the Macedonian phalanx required racks and
00:09:59
persistent and disciplined and good
00:10:02
soldiers are trained to realize this Philip
00:10:06
trained his warriors by forcing them
00:10:08
walk 50 kilometers in 1 day
00:10:11
and in armor carrying shields and
00:10:15
sarissas
00:10:17
Philip did not forget from other births
00:10:20
troops the core of the Macedonian armed forces
00:10:23
cavalry served and especially
00:10:25
representatives stuffed tetta
00:10:27
formed the king's guard and
00:10:29
they rode into battle on horseback
00:10:32
were called royal guitars
00:10:35
that is, comrades or retinue
00:10:38
from especially close ones from the original 600
00:10:42
Friendly Cavalry Man Philip
00:10:44
created a large formation heavily
00:10:47
armed cavalry
00:10:50
became the fundamental part of the cavalry
00:10:52
of 200 people
00:10:55
divided into 4 tetrarchs and 49 people
00:10:58
each under the command of a tetrarch
00:11:01
tactical formation of tetrarchs and
00:11:04
was called a wedge on the battlefield and 4
00:11:07
wedges were built in line with certain
00:11:09
intervals necessary for maneuver during
00:11:13
presence of cavalry capable of such
00:11:15
tactical infantry movement
00:11:17
mobility was not so urgently needed in
00:11:22
during the wars undertaken by Philip II
00:11:24
siege warfare was also improved
00:11:27
art along with stone throwers ami widely
00:11:30
so-called turtles were used
00:11:33
mechanisms in which the parties and
00:11:35
device allowing
00:11:37
clear and level the road
00:11:43
after reorganization and retraining
00:11:46
army
00:11:47
the clip was finally able to do justice
00:11:49
attention to what is happening in extreme
00:11:51
troubling border regions, defeating
00:11:55
Illyrian ruler Bart deal due
00:11:57
cavalry flanking maneuver lip
00:12:00
turned to the western borderland there he
00:12:04
provided stability through marriage with
00:12:06
daughters of the king of Molostov, the most significant
00:12:09
from the tribes in the mountains and the pen precisely the alliance with
00:12:12
this woman
00:12:13
the Olympics brought Philip three hundred
00:12:16
fifty-sixth year of the second son
00:12:19
Alexandra
00:12:21
then Philip headed towards the eastern
00:12:24
borders of the kingdom where make a tribute to us
00:12:27
had to fight off constant raids
00:12:29
from the Thracian tribes in addition
00:12:32
The king's attention was attracted by the rich
00:12:34
Greek city-states in Chalkidiki
00:12:36
and around her, Philip's first goal in this
00:12:40
the region became an amphipolis
00:12:42
Athenian colony whose surroundings
00:12:45
abounded in timber and bordered
00:12:49
Mount Bangui is a rich source of gold
00:12:53
and silver
00:12:54
three hundred fifty-seventh year Philip
00:12:57
besieged the city which fell to the horror of the Athenians
00:13:00
in a matter of weeks other Greek
00:13:04
formations in Chalkidiki surrendered to Philip
00:13:07
or at the expense
00:13:08
intrigue and betrayal or without exposing
00:13:11
before the forces of Macedonian arms
00:13:14
by Greek standards, Philip's military successes
00:13:17
were impressive, however, the presence of the king
00:13:20
imperial ambitions have not yet manifested themselves
00:13:23
in any way noticeable by its external
00:13:26
politics
00:13:27
Philip was usually content
00:13:28
conclusion and maintenance
00:13:30
defensive alliances with potentially
00:13:33
restless neighbors or just
00:13:35
bribed them
00:13:36
not skimping on bribes is a reason to intervene
00:13:41
Philip already appeared in Greek affairs
00:13:44
in three hundred and fifty-three when in
00:13:46
during the 3rd holy war raging in the south
00:13:49
Thessalian Oleg invited
00:13:51
Macedonian king to provide assistance in
00:13:54
fight against the rebellious city of Fera and their
00:13:56
allies from the Tokyo Union having suffered
00:14:00
two serious defeats in battles
00:14:02
from the Fa Kyiv army under the command of she
00:14:05
Markha Philip reorganized the Macedonian
00:14:08
army and with the support of the Thessalian
00:14:10
cavalry crushed the troops fo kids of battle on
00:14:13
field of crocuses in three hundred fifty-three
00:14:16
year
00:14:17
successes led throughout Thessaly led to
00:14:20
appointment of the Macedonian king by the head
00:14:22
league in Philip, inspired by victories
00:14:26
decided to test the strength
00:14:28
defense capability of countries located
00:14:30
already in central Greece
00:14:32
however, could not advance beyond perma
00:14:35
Belsky Pass
00:14:38
that moment in the city-states
00:14:40
Greece finally realized that the most
00:14:44
great danger to their independence
00:14:46
Macedonia represents
00:14:49
in Athens, an ardent opponent of Philip's orator
00:14:52
Demosthenes
00:14:53
addressed a number of angry words to the Macedonian king
00:14:56
speeches known as philippics
00:14:58
however, Philip decided not to increase
00:15:01
the hostility of the Athenians towards themselves in three hundred
00:15:04
in forty-six he concluded an uneasy
00:15:07
peace with Athens and returned to
00:15:10
affairs in the north where he crushed
00:15:11
Thracian opposition and expanded
00:15:14
own possessions up to Gillis panto and
00:15:16
marble
00:15:17
rap but tension in relationships
00:15:20
between Philip and the Greeks there was growing
00:15:23
when the Macedonian king in three hundred and forty
00:15:25
first year, he put peering under siege and
00:15:27
Byzantium and also intercepted the Athenian
00:15:30
ships with grain in Gillis Ponte in Athens
00:15:33
I rang the alarm bells
00:15:36
grain supply route from areas to
00:15:38
Black Sea coast served
00:15:41
blood artery feeding the crowded
00:15:43
Athens and tolerate such encroachment
00:15:47
the city could not endure Thebes
00:15:51
from Philip
00:15:52
also felt the potential danger
00:15:54
Macedonia who threatened including them
00:15:58
interest in three hundred and thirty-eight
00:16:02
it became obvious that the confrontation with
00:16:05
Philip cannot avoid films and Athens
00:16:08
the Macedonian king will succeed already in
00:16:11
accompanied by 18 year old son
00:16:13
Alexandra
00:16:14
moved troops south in faq and captured
00:16:17
city ​​and footman
00:16:19
the road to Thebes and Athena lay open
00:16:22
for the Macedonian army in a mad
00:16:26
organizational fever of the Athenians and
00:16:28
sent an embassy to Thebes led by
00:16:31
Dimas hairdryer which worked quite well
00:16:33
successfully and entered into an alliance with finance
00:16:36
against Macedonia
00:16:39
recruited the troops at hand
00:16:41
mercenaries the Athenians united with
00:16:43
finances and those who remained faithful to them
00:16:46
allies near the town of tyranny
00:16:56
[music]
00:16:59
in early August, an army approached Chaeronea
00:17:03
Philip's future battlefield
00:17:06
was a plain the width of
00:17:08
four kilometers north
00:17:10
bounded by the Kefissa River from the south and
00:17:13
west of the hilly terrain these two
00:17:15
natural barriers covered the flanks
00:17:18
the allied army forcing Philip
00:17:21
for a head-on collision with a wall
00:17:24
hoplites on the Allied left flank
00:17:27
lined up
00:17:28
the Athenians under the command of Carissa or
00:17:31
flogged despite the fact that the citizens of Athens
00:17:34
could afford better equipment
00:17:36
throughout the Greek world
00:17:39
decline in military traditions and lack
00:17:42
serious combat experience was reduced
00:17:45
combat effectiveness of the Athenian contingent in
00:17:48
the center of the union formation were
00:17:51
troops from Corinth
00:17:53
Colchis Megara and other cities as well as
00:17:57
mercenaries on the right flank under the command
00:18:01
Gene's full name
00:18:02
Theban hoplites stationed themselves
00:18:05
reputation as the best warriors in the entire rook
00:18:08
the most prestigious position in the world
00:18:12
the extremity of the Greek right flank
00:18:14
the orders were occupied by the sacred detachment
00:18:17
selected unit of 300 Theban
00:18:20
hoplites famous for their valor and
00:18:23
fearlessness you special romanticism
00:18:27
the sacred detachment was given its method
00:18:29
acquisition
00:18:30
the unit was formed from 150
00:18:34
couples of male lovers who like
00:18:37
it was believed they were ready
00:18:39
perform feats for their own sake
00:18:42
lovers total number of Greek
00:18:46
troops were approximately 30-35 thousand
00:18:50
Human
00:18:52
Philip commanded comparable
00:18:55
number of forces although he still has
00:18:58
there was a reserve of two thousand horsemen
00:19:02
placing the Macedonian phalanx throughout
00:19:04
front or took command of the right
00:19:07
wing then as his son Alexander
00:19:10
together with other Macedonian my
00:19:12
the military leaders took it instead from the left
00:19:15
Alexander was already serving big
00:19:18
accepted hopes in military affairs
00:19:21
command of the cavalry reserve
00:19:23
remaining behind the phalanx
00:19:27
the battle was opened by the Macedonian right flank
00:19:30
army orders to the rest of the troops
00:19:33
stay in place Philip moved
00:19:36
part of the phalanx controlled by him on
00:19:38
the Athenians fought after some time
00:19:42
the orders closed and the Macedonian warriors
00:19:45
got the opportunity to show everything
00:19:48
they have learned in previous years how to
00:19:51
Macedonian superiority was expected
00:19:54
experience immediately began to affect the progress
00:19:57
the Athenians suffered great battles
00:19:59
the losses are getting harder and harder for them to stop
00:20:03
maintain battle formation
00:20:05
however, Philip did not plan to finish
00:20:09
battles here and now
00:20:11
guilty in the order of ismats and without blood
00:20:14
The Macedonian king ordered his soldiers
00:20:17
the Athenians retreat behind their shields
00:20:21
deciding that victory is close and not paying attention
00:20:23
rushed to pay attention to fatigue
00:20:26
persecute the Macedonians even more
00:20:28
upset his battle formations
00:20:31
Athenians' passion for pursuit and bad
00:20:34
coordination between the allies led to
00:20:36
because one part of the Greek army
00:20:39
followed the left flank it's the same
00:20:42
entered 40
00:20:43
days while another including
00:20:46
the most combat-ready vegan units
00:20:49
remained in their positions as a result
00:20:54
Isn't there a gap in Greek?
00:20:57
which Alexander rushed at the head
00:21:00
heavy cavalry
00:21:02
rounding the left flank of the Greek army
00:21:05
Alexander sent his horsemen to the rear
00:21:08
Philip stopped the Thebans at the same time
00:21:12
your retreat and for real
00:21:15
brought down the full might of the Macedonian army on the Athenians
00:21:19
phalanx
00:21:21
exhausted Athenians realizing their mistake
00:21:24
took off in disorderly flight
00:21:27
and soon they were followed by
00:21:30
other Greeks
00:21:32
only the sacred squad on the right flank
00:21:35
the allied army continued desperately
00:21:37
fight off the Macedonians eventually
00:21:41
Having surrounded the Thebans, the Macedonians killed
00:21:43
each and every one of them having finished the glorious history
00:21:47
sacred squad afterwards
00:21:50
The Thebans erected a monument here
00:21:52
pedestal with marble lion
00:21:55
personified the courage of those who laid down their
00:21:57
hoplite heads and later
00:21:59
archaeological excavations have confirmed them
00:22:03
sad fate anyway
00:22:07
Philip achieved decisive victories over
00:22:10
Greek search for the destruction of the sacred
00:22:13
squad echoed throughout the boat
00:22:16
however, the greatest losses occurred in
00:22:20
Athenians out of six 1000 Athenians
00:22:24
contingent of 1000 remained lying on the field
00:22:28
battle while two more were
00:22:31
captured
00:22:34
[music]
00:22:39
becoming after the battle of hera no and
00:22:42
the actual master of Greece, Philip
00:22:45
the second one had to be urgently resolved
00:22:48
their relations with recent opponents
00:22:50
and first of all with the most dangerous
00:22:54
Thebes and Athens, first of all, he
00:22:58
eliminated Ivan's hegemony in the battle
00:23:01
all be ok cities have been announced
00:23:04
free and autonomous and in Thebes itself
00:23:08
Philip placed a Macedonian garrison in
00:23:11
Philip took a different attitude towards the Finns
00:23:14
Athens maintained its position
00:23:17
independence and territory in exchange for
00:23:20
Chersonesus Thracian departed to
00:23:23
Macedonia the Athenians acquired
00:23:26
Arab at the end of 338 Philip wished
00:23:31
give its dominance in Greece
00:23:33
legitimate forms invited all Greek
00:23:36
cities to send their representatives to
00:23:39
Congress in Corinth where is Philip
00:23:41
proclaimed the creation of the Corinthian League
00:23:44
concluded between Philip and the Greeks
00:23:47
the agreement provided for the establishment
00:23:49
universal peace and prohibited any
00:23:52
there were armed clashes between him
00:23:54
participants
00:23:55
the territory of each pole was declared
00:23:58
freedom was guaranteed inviolable
00:24:01
shipping city members of the union were
00:24:05
free from taxes and duties however
00:24:08
were obliged to exhibit their military
00:24:10
contingents to fight against the general
00:24:13
enemy
00:24:14
was headed by a union that became the hegemon
00:24:18
Philip 2
00:24:20
to consider current affairs of the union was
00:24:23
a special council body was created
00:24:26
Hellenes where each state
00:24:28
delegated its representatives
00:24:31
however, the democracy of the union was only
00:24:35
external in fact the Macedonian king as
00:24:38
the hegemon had all the power
00:24:41
political and military power in Greece and
00:24:43
could not take into account the general Helena
00:24:47
interests not with the interests of individual cities
00:24:52
creation of a common Greek political
00:24:54
mechanism which was entirely in
00:24:57
Philip's hands allowed him to move to
00:24:59
active action against the pier
00:25:03
panel inste union declared war on persia and
00:25:07
Philip landed his troops in Asia Minor
00:25:10
they should have released
00:25:12
Ionian cities and provide a bridgehead
00:25:15
to advance deep into the Persian
00:25:17
However, Philip was not destined to have a kingdom
00:25:22
complete the work he started in three hundred
00:25:24
thirty-sixth year, noble Macedonians
00:25:27
Pausanias killed the Macedonian ruler
00:25:31
official version of what happened
00:25:33
explained the murder by Pausanias's personal grievances
00:25:37
however, given that shortly before this
00:25:40
happened between Philip and Alexander
00:25:43
serious conflict this version seems
00:25:46
little convincing evidence
00:25:50
Alexander's involvement in his death
00:25:53
the father, however, also does not exist, as it were
00:25:56
be that as it may, 20-year-old Alexander
00:26:00
ascended the throne of Macedonia without yet knowing
00:26:03
what fate was in store for him in
00:26:07
future
00:26:22
30s of the fourth century BC
00:26:26
Macedonia was at its peak
00:26:28
military political power
00:26:31
Macedonian king Philip II for 23
00:26:34
years of his reign managed to turn
00:26:37
a backward country into a hegemonic power
00:26:38
Greek world conquering the neighborhood lice from
00:26:42
Macedonian barbarian tribes and
00:26:44
convincingly defeating his Greek
00:26:47
opponents in the battle of Hera Ne and Philip
00:26:50
proclaimed the creation of the Karinov Union
00:26:53
uniting all Greeks in the NSC panel
00:26:56
am going against
00:26:57
the Persian Empire had one to Philip
00:27:00
not destined to see the results of their
00:27:03
efforts three hundred and thirty-six
00:27:05
Macedonian king being on top
00:27:08
glory died as a result of the courtiers
00:27:11
intrigues at the time of his death recognized
00:27:14
the son remained the heir to the royal crown
00:27:17
Philippa Alexander and his rise to power
00:27:21
however, met obvious resistance
00:27:24
Alexander did not just inherit
00:27:26
the throne and Ivan's army of Macedonia remained
00:27:29
also the father’s plans first and foremost
00:27:32
he planned a Persian campaign
00:27:35
Alexander undoubtedly longed to show
00:27:39
yourself in business
00:27:40
but for now his attention was required
00:27:42
other urgent matters did not allow
00:27:45
him them
00:27:46
length cross gillis pandas coming to
00:27:50
Alexander's power served as an impetus for
00:27:52
the beginning of uprisings among the Greek city-states
00:27:55
and barbarian states on the border
00:27:58
Macedonia
00:27:59
the new king needed to prove himself
00:28:02
especially in the south
00:28:03
where is the Athenian orator Demosthenes
00:28:06
Philip's implacable opponent
00:28:08
enthusiastically described Alexander as
00:28:11
incompetent fool
00:28:14
opposition in Thessaly to the new king
00:28:17
suppressed quickly bypassing those blocking him
00:28:20
fees persons path along the mountain trail fees persons
00:28:24
and hastily came to their senses and admitted
00:28:26
Alexandra as head of the Thessalian League
00:28:29
what position previously belonged
00:28:31
to his father
00:28:32
there was an uprising
00:28:35
Thebans, Athenians and Spartans
00:28:37
cooled down Alexander's arrival in Greece where
00:28:40
he convened a Karen assembly in the rock of Gia
00:28:44
those gathered confirmed leadership
00:28:47
Alexander at the head of the union and expressed
00:28:49
willingness to recognize him as a leader
00:28:52
upcoming
00:28:53
panel of the n-campaign only Sparta
00:28:56
refused to join the association
00:28:59
and express public recognition
00:29:01
Macedonian sovereignty
00:29:03
however, Alexander decided to leave Sparta
00:29:07
rest and count your positions in Greece
00:29:10
strong enough headed north
00:29:14
except the Greeks by accession to the throne
00:29:16
Alexandrov also became Thracian
00:29:19
tribes who conspired to attack
00:29:21
Macedonia in interaction with 3 points
00:29:24
Alexander, however, redistributed his
00:29:26
opponents and fast march
00:29:28
invaded in a tailcoat and defeated the locals
00:29:31
tribes further Macedonian king
00:29:34
headed north, destroying 3 more
00:29:37
points king 3 points in gray saved
00:29:40
from under the Macedonians he took refuge on the island
00:29:43
in the middle of the Danube having failed in his attempt
00:29:47
cross to Alexander Island
00:29:49
changed the direction of the blow and attacked again
00:29:53
one local tribe of the Getae learned about
00:29:57
events that took place in the tailcoat
00:29:59
gathered on the opposite side
00:30:00
apparently considering the Danube as his own
00:30:03
positions are impregnable, however, Alexander with
00:30:07
his characteristic determination
00:30:08
brought together many boats and at night
00:30:12
crossed the water barrier with little
00:30:14
squad
00:30:15
so boldly and caught the crossing of the river
00:30:19
Getov completely by surprise Alexander
00:30:21
quickly brought the whale to submission
00:30:24
after them they stopped resisting and
00:30:27
3 points
00:30:29
Alexander's last goal in this
00:30:31
region remained or risks and tribes
00:30:34
serious resistance to the Macedonian
00:30:36
they also failed to provide a purpose
00:30:39
however, while Alexander was terrifying
00:30:42
The Illyrian uprising broke out again in
00:30:45
Greece active actions of Alexander on
00:30:48
north
00:30:49
gave rise to rumors of death
00:30:51
young king false but intentionally
00:30:55
distributed in the spring of 335
00:30:59
The Thebans I threw off the Macedonian games and
00:31:02
besieged the garrison left by Philip in
00:31:05
their acropolises also became confrontational
00:31:08
prepare in Athens
00:31:10
Alexander's reaction was quick
00:31:13
Okara is brutal
00:31:15
less than two weeks later he was already standing
00:31:18
in front of the walls feb
00:31:20
Macedonia did not yet hope to reach an agreement with
00:31:23
finances but they refused
00:31:26
that's why he dealt with them
00:31:28
Accordingly, Thebes was taken by storm
00:31:31
there was resistance on the city streets
00:31:34
brutally suppressed
00:31:35
and the captured Thebans are only about
00:31:39
30,000 were sold into slavery in
00:31:42
as a result of which the king rescued 440
00:31:45
silver talents
00:31:46
however, wishing to avoid accusations of
00:31:50
senseless cruelty Alexander
00:31:52
represented the destruction of Feb and the appeal to
00:31:54
slavery of their population as I fire the torches and
00:31:57
Boeotian
00:31:58
who were at odds with finance in any way
00:32:01
there were examples and it was quite enough for
00:32:04
distribution of more exemplary
00:32:07
sentiments in the rest of Greece
00:32:11
coping with all the problems in Greece
00:32:14
and Fraki Alexander could finally get lucky
00:32:17
his troops to Persia
00:32:25
the army that Alexander collected for
00:32:28
the campaign was not at all monolithic in
00:32:31
ethnically the core served as an army
00:32:34
Macedonia however, it was also adjacent to
00:32:37
contingents sent you greasy
00:32:40
tribes
00:32:41
along the borders of Macedonia by the Hagarians 3
00:32:44
points or flights
00:32:46
and others, Alexander was the head
00:32:49
Corinthian Legia
00:32:51
and therefore the states of Greece
00:32:54
supplied Alexander with contingents
00:32:56
infantry and cavalry and finally
00:32:59
the number of manpower has increased over
00:33:02
account of a considerable number of mercenaries
00:33:04
given the centuries-old enmity between
00:33:07
representatives of individual nations in
00:33:09
army and the fact of the inability of many groups
00:33:12
communicate with each other due to language
00:33:14
barrier
00:33:15
what the command managed to achieve
00:33:17
order and prevent the occurrence
00:33:20
open
00:33:21
ethnic conflicts deserve
00:33:23
special mention
00:33:27
when in three hundred thirty-four
00:33:29
Alexander
00:33:30
Gillis approached the ponta, he skillfully
00:33:33
at the disposal of 12,000 Macedonian
00:33:36
phalangites
00:33:37
9,000 beaten by a swarm of foot comrades and 3,000
00:33:42
hippo lists of literally shield bearers a
00:33:45
also Greek heavy infantry on foot
00:33:49
comrades armed with sare themselves
00:33:52
formed the basis of the Macedonian phalanx
00:33:54
usually
00:33:56
the ranks of the phalanx were formed closely
00:33:58
about 16 people
00:34:00
each warrior occupied about
00:34:02
square meter in progress
00:34:05
rebuilding copy held vertically
00:34:07
up so that they do not impede movement
00:34:10
it was allowed to omit a copy only in front of
00:34:13
clash with the enemy
00:34:15
direct contact with
00:34:17
which sometimes went out running in contrast to
00:34:21
from those recruited from commoners beaten
00:34:25
Roy Hippas pists were elite
00:34:28
forces of selected warriors
00:34:30
attracted in view of individual
00:34:33
qualities, primarily physical data and
00:34:36
courage
00:34:37
the king often took them to perform special
00:34:40
tasks during which special skills were needed
00:34:43
speed and endurance
00:34:45
except for the Macedonian infantrymen themselves
00:34:48
under Alexander I was around 7000
00:34:51
Greek allies and about 5,000 mercenaries
00:34:55
infantry throughout
00:34:58
there was a constant influx of campaigns
00:35:00
replenishment is rather little known
00:35:03
lightly armed infantrymen in the army
00:35:06
Alexandra
00:35:07
however, they apparently
00:35:09
formed my contingent from the northern
00:35:12
tribes and mercenaries the basis of the cavalry
00:35:16
parts as when Philip made up a guitar
00:35:20
whose number reached 1,1800
00:35:24
Human being the most honorable regiment in the army
00:35:27
Hitler occupied a prestigious position in
00:35:29
I am building an army on the right flank
00:35:32
the left flank was usually occupied by the Thessalian
00:35:35
and the cavalry is the personnel of this regiment
00:35:38
was completed at the expense of representatives
00:35:40
aristocracy of Thessaly and therefore in
00:35:43
it included the most skilled horsemen in
00:35:45
Greek world Greek states from
00:35:49
of the Corinthian League I also
00:35:51
committed to provide certain
00:35:54
cavalry units for needs
00:35:55
expeditionary forces
00:35:57
and finally the army of Alexander
00:35:59
included 4 squadrons of the Thracian
00:36:02
light cavalry which number was reinforced
00:36:05
other auxiliary units
00:36:07
Thracian cavalry total strength
00:36:11
Alexander's troops vary greatly in
00:36:14
depending on the sources used
00:36:18
modern history about the count and the greatest
00:36:21
number of adherents
00:36:22
has evidence of ancient Greek
00:36:25
historian ariana who wrote about 30
00:36:29
thousand infantry and five thousand horsemen
00:36:32
who were at Alexander's hand
00:36:39
[music]
00:36:40
the power of alexander three hundred and thirty
00:36:43
the fourth year was unsurpassed
00:36:46
by Greek standards but even faded in
00:36:49
compared with the power of that power on
00:36:51
the territory that the Greeks entered
00:36:53
Macedonian part in the fourth century
00:36:56
Persian empire or power
00:36:58
Achaemenids
00:36:59
was the largest kingdom ever
00:37:02
existed in the Middle East in
00:37:04
ancient times
00:37:06
by the time of Alexander's invasion
00:37:08
the Persian power extended from
00:37:10
western shores
00:37:11
Anatolia up to the Indus Valley
00:37:14
east and from bacteria in the north to the south
00:37:17
Nella rapids in Egypt, Persian kings
00:37:21
drew the resources of a huge empire with two
00:37:24
they had the main routes under these
00:37:28
the peoples subject to them demand them
00:37:30
regular payments to the treasury
00:37:32
and also conducted military expeditions for
00:37:36
conquering new territories or
00:37:38
suppressing uprisings in already conquered
00:37:40
areas
00:37:43
Achilles heel of the Achaemenid power
00:37:45
was its administrative-territorial
00:37:48
device dating back to the end of the sixth century
00:37:52
the Persian Empire was divided into
00:37:53
administrative districts called for
00:37:57
trophies each of which was managed
00:38:00
Persian nobleman satrap in exchange for
00:38:03
fulfillment by the local nobility of the duty of
00:38:06
defense of the central kingdom
00:38:08
the government had to provide
00:38:10
they have a significant degree of autonomy more
00:38:14
that satrapies constantly arranged
00:38:16
uprising so shortly before the invasion
00:38:19
Alexander to the Persian king
00:38:22
inside he had to make serious efforts
00:38:24
efforts to assert one's power
00:38:27
rebel Egypt
00:38:28
however, to believe that the Persian kings did not
00:38:31
took no measures to
00:38:33
centralization of the state would also be
00:38:36
wrong
00:38:37
surviving records show the presence of
00:38:40
the Persian kingdom complex and entertained
00:38:43
I will find cancer rati and
00:38:44
managed the affairs of the satrapy and
00:38:46
involved in income redistribution
00:38:49
the main centers of the empire were connected by a network
00:38:52
roads were built mainly for
00:38:55
transfer of troops and provision of communications with
00:38:58
distant provinces
00:39:01
Alexander despite his youth
00:39:04
realized the difficulty facing him
00:39:07
tasks although he demonstrated in front of his soldiers
00:39:10
full confidence in success
00:39:13
when the flotilla sailed and from or and he
00:39:17
led the flagship
00:39:19
in the middle of Gillis Ponta the king brought in
00:39:22
sacrifice to Poseidon b k and when screaming
00:39:25
Macedonian ships approached
00:39:26
on the Asian shore, Alexander threw at him
00:39:29
side of his spear and was the first to jump off
00:39:32
ship after landing Alexander
00:39:36
left his most experienced
00:39:38
commander Parmenion, who also served
00:39:40
organize with Philip
00:39:43
further transfer of troops
00:39:45
and he headed to or he went to where
00:39:48
you were located 5 hectares by the legendary mayor
00:39:51
Troy here the king visited the tombs of Achilles and
00:39:55
other heroes of Homer honored their memory and
00:39:59
made sacrifices, paying tribute to the spirit of the Trojan
00:40:01
directly performing such energetic
00:40:05
Alexander's religious actions are not just
00:40:08
tried to enlist the divine
00:40:09
support but also raised morale
00:40:13
their warriors
00:40:15
Macedonia we really had to worry about
00:40:18
why worry
00:40:19
Persian troops in Asia Minor
00:40:21
almost twice the size of the army
00:40:24
Alexandra Persian units were formed
00:40:28
from the contingents under
00:40:30
command of local satraps Arsi then
00:40:33
satrap of Spanish Phrygia
00:40:35
and these I am the satrap of the great Phrygia sleep
00:40:39
free data satrap lady
00:40:41
myth of the slave for the satrap of Cappadocia
00:40:44
also from units of Greek mercenaries
00:40:47
commanded by the joy of memnon
00:40:51
the last one is one of the most
00:40:53
notable figures of their time
00:40:55
born around 380
00:40:59
meme for us by the time of our meetings with
00:41:01
Alexander has accumulated a large military
00:41:03
political experience received from Daria 3
00:41:06
post of commander-in-chief of the Persians
00:41:08
troops in Asia Minor, he lost blood
00:41:11
interested in organizing an effective
00:41:14
resistance to Alexander since he had
00:41:16
strong family ties with a tropes
00:41:19
Frege
00:41:21
at the Persian military council near the city
00:41:24
potions memnon spoke with courage
00:41:27
proposal to withdraw into the interior of the country
00:41:30
ruining and devastating or
00:41:33
Alexander, as Memnon believed correctly, did not
00:41:36
could stay in the region for a long time
00:41:37
deprived of food
00:41:40
however, this plan was especially rejected
00:41:44
Arset objected to him, declaring
00:41:47
as if they wouldn’t tolerate it if he
00:41:49
subjects will burn at least one house
00:41:53
modern perspective plan men she
00:41:56
looks the most reasonable though
00:41:58
the Persian satraps had their own truth, they
00:42:02
were responsible for the well-being of their
00:42:04
lands before the Persian king himself
00:42:06
besides, the satraps probably understood that
00:42:08
all Hellenic unity rested on
00:42:12
one man's Alexandria and his death
00:42:15
in battle
00:42:16
could have stopped the war at the very beginning
00:42:20
self-confident Persians
00:42:22
commanders took up defensive positions
00:42:25
on the small river Granik
00:42:37
having completed a three-day journey from the place
00:42:40
the location of his main army
00:42:42
Alexander
00:42:43
in May 334 he approached the chosen one
00:42:46
Persian battle site
00:42:48
by that time the Macedonian king
00:42:50
was in a critical situation
00:42:53
Alexandra was running out of food
00:42:56
and the debts grew radically every day
00:42:59
could only change the situation
00:43:02
quick and decisive victory
00:43:04
Why did Alexander even leave in
00:43:06
Paris Ponta camp
00:43:07
units of Greek allies and mercenaries
00:43:11
untrained forced march
00:43:14
In connection with this, the number of infantry in
00:43:16
Alexander's disposal was limited
00:43:18
capabilities of the Macedonian contingent
00:43:21
and in total gave him only 12 thousand
00:43:24
the man on the other side is Alexander
00:43:27
represented the military capabilities of the Persians and
00:43:30
knew that their main strength lies in
00:43:33
cavalry and therefore I tried to take with me
00:43:36
all the cavalry at his disposal
00:43:39
about five thousand horsemen
00:43:42
from those located in Asia Minor
00:43:45
The Persians sent soldiers against Alexander
00:43:48
directly at hand
00:43:51
units were primarily attracted by the satraps
00:43:54
up to 5000 Greek mercenaries as usual and
00:43:58
the Persians arrived when they needed
00:44:01
well-trained infantrymen
00:44:03
It is believed that besides the Greeks, peppers
00:44:06
had another ten 15 thousand
00:44:09
light infantry from local tribes
00:44:12
however, its combat value remained
00:44:15
wish for the best turn the most
00:44:18
the Persians traditionally have a strong branch of troops
00:44:21
the cavalry appeared and there was nothing
00:44:23
the incredible thing is that the satrap was able to
00:44:26
gather more than ten thousand horsemen
00:44:29
enemy forces were at the border
00:44:32
approximately equal and therefore the role
00:44:34
tactical art of commanders in
00:44:37
upcoming battle
00:44:38
was great as never before Alexander
00:44:43
lined up the Macedonian army
00:44:45
approximately 4 kilometers long
00:44:49
the king stood on the right flank at the head
00:44:52
hetayrov
00:44:53
and on the left was stationed Soleilsky
00:44:56
cavalry under the command of Parmenion
00:44:59
on the opposite side of the edge
00:45:01
The satrap positioned his army
00:45:03
in an unusual way
00:45:05
Greek mercenaries and the rest of the infantry
00:45:08
were located at a distance from Riga
00:45:11
and the Persian lined up in front
00:45:13
cavalry apparently Persian command
00:45:17
realized the weakness of her infantry and
00:45:19
planned to fend off the crossing
00:45:21
Macedonians with pinpoint cavalry
00:45:24
attacks
00:45:26
ready for battle war in both armies
00:45:29
stood in silence for a while
00:45:33
finally Alexandra ordered the vanguard from a
00:45:36
Gryak dart throwers and 1 squadron
00:45:39
getairov cross the river on the right flank
00:45:42
the Persians reacted quickly and harshly
00:45:46
began to shower the enemy with a rain of darts
00:45:49
while some of them too
00:45:51
entered the river, the desire to interfere
00:45:54
Macedonia we choose
00:45:55
the advancing shore began to make serious
00:45:59
losses and the vanguard are increasing
00:46:01
got stuck in battle with a stronger Persian
00:46:04
cavalry under Memnon
00:46:06
his sons, however, by their actions
00:46:11
the avant-garde attracted more and more
00:46:14
more Persian cavalry with
00:46:16
the opposite side of the face to
00:46:18
what allowed Alexander to do where
00:46:21
a more daring cavalry maneuver
00:46:24
entering the water with the main forces of the hetayrs
00:46:28
Alexander led them along the oblique to the right of
00:46:31
fighting vanguard formation
00:46:34
from the very beginning moved in echelons
00:46:36
the task is to get to the right bank in
00:46:39
relatively dense ranks
00:46:42
the ensuing rapid attack
00:46:44
Macedonian cavalry attacked
00:46:47
the main forces of the Persians of the war on both
00:46:50
The sides mixed up and the battle became
00:46:53
resemble an infantry skirmish in the middle
00:46:56
general confusion and desperate hand-to-hand combat
00:46:59
became increasingly important
00:47:01
discipline and training Macedonian hetaira
00:47:05
it is believed that make a tribute to them
00:47:07
gradually defeat the Persians thanks to
00:47:10
effective use of cavalry in
00:47:13
si groans of long spears with which
00:47:16
Alexander's horsemen stripped the enemy, causing
00:47:19
blows to the face of the enemy warrior and in the muzzle
00:47:22
horses
00:47:24
as the ancient authors unanimously assert
00:47:28
sources at some point in the thick
00:47:30
battle Alexander faced a
00:47:33
paths me free yes there cutter and sleep
00:47:36
Frida is there
00:47:38
defeating the Persian satrap me with a blow
00:47:41
free data Alexander received a sword to his helmet from
00:47:44
another satrap
00:47:45
rice which I also managed to put on
00:47:48
spear however due to the blows of the spear
00:47:52
Alexandra broke and the blade of rice to
00:47:55
pierced the commander's helmet and then received
00:47:58
temporary concussion at that moment another
00:48:02
satrap sleep free date swung at the offices
00:48:05
to finish off the Macedonian king himself
00:48:08
last moment
00:48:09
clip commander of the royal squadron
00:48:12
hetayrov
00:48:13
compartment sleep Frida that hand bye Alexander
00:48:18
his guitar fought against the Persians on
00:48:21
Macedonian right flank infantrymen in
00:48:24
the center also began to force
00:48:26
rivers located and against them the Persian
00:48:30
cavalry
00:48:31
had no way to interfere
00:48:34
phalanx bristling with spears and when before
00:48:37
Persians heard rumors about their death
00:48:39
they hastily abandoned their commanders
00:48:42
positions
00:48:43
around the same time the general
00:48:47
collapse of the left flank of the Persian army
00:48:49
and the Persians turning their horses away from the river
00:48:53
rushed to look for salvation
00:48:55
getaway spoiler
00:48:59
instead of pursuing the Persian cavalry
00:49:01
Macedonians decided to take up Greek
00:49:04
mercenaries abandoned by the Persian
00:49:07
cavalry
00:49:08
heavily armed and Greek hoplites
00:49:10
were completely unable to
00:49:12
escape from the Macedonian cavalry
00:49:16
finding themselves in a hopeless situation
00:49:19
turned to Alexander with a request for
00:49:21
have mercy, however, Alexander
00:49:23
heated by the battle, he refused
00:49:26
at the request of the mercenaries and immediately gave start
00:49:29
The king may have taken the last attack
00:49:33
such a decision
00:49:34
wanting to teach everyone a good lesson
00:49:36
Ilyinsky hired there in the service of the Persians
00:49:39
however, despite the smaller number
00:49:42
compared to the enemy, experienced and familiar
00:49:45
Greeks with discipline
00:49:46
fought desperately, the last victory was not
00:49:50
it was easy to make a tribute to us in this phase
00:49:53
they suffered the biggest battles
00:49:56
losses on the other side were a detachment of Greeks
00:50:00
about 2000 people were killed in the end
00:50:04
became prisoners and were sent in chains to
00:50:07
Macedonia as slaves based on the results
00:50:11
collision damage to the Persian cavalry
00:50:14
turned out to be very modest since she
00:50:16
fled from the battlefield unpursued
00:50:19
Alexander's cavalry, in turn, is the main
00:50:22
the losing side suffered losses
00:50:25
Greek mercenaries
00:50:27
the damage from the Macedonians was not
00:50:30
example smaller sources call figures
00:50:33
from 30 to 120 dead although this figure
00:50:37
clearly underestimated
00:50:38
and does not take into account the wounded
00:50:43
[music]
00:50:47
after the battle Alexander as well as
00:50:49
originally intended
00:50:51
appeared in Asia as a liberator
00:50:54
Greek cities first of all
00:50:57
Macedonian power was established in
00:50:59
Phrygia or Spanish ruled before
00:51:02
Arcee is there
00:51:04
Alexander ordered that the population
00:51:07
paid into the Macedonian royal treasury
00:51:10
what kind of taxes did she pay before?
00:51:13
to the Persians, in other words, Alexander from the first
00:51:17
same steps showed his intention to keep it the same
00:51:20
administration of conquered territories and
00:51:22
status of their population
00:51:24
however, not all Greeks were happy about the arrival
00:51:28
Macedonian ruler experienced Memnon in
00:51:31
unlike the Persian satraps, he did not die
00:51:33
on the verge of ki and running south began
00:51:37
intensively prepare the Ionian cities for
00:51:40
defense [music]
00:51:46
[music]
00:51:54
in May 334 BC
00:51:58
Macedonian king Alexander completely
00:52:00
defeated the Persian satraps on the river
00:52:03
thereby opening the border wide to his
00:52:06
the army's gateway to Asia, however, before
00:52:09
how to strike to the heart
00:52:11
Alexander's Persian Empire was to
00:52:14
liberate Greek cities in Asia Minor
00:52:17
subjugated for two centuries
00:52:20
However, the Persians did not gather the Achaemenids
00:52:24
publish Alexander his Western
00:52:26
satrapies without a fight
00:52:28
Memnon of Rhodes experienced Greek
00:52:31
military leader in the service of the Persians
00:52:33
the king prepared to enter into conflict with Alexander
00:52:36
into a viscous struggle for possession of the eastern
00:52:39
coast of the Aegean Sea
00:52:42
sending Parmenion to the east on a mission
00:52:45
conquer the capital of gel spanish frigia
00:52:47
city ​​boards whether Alexander with the army
00:52:50
rushed south to the varieties and before reaching
00:52:53
about fifteen kilometers of them was met
00:52:56
local commandant of the garrison who
00:52:59
surrendered the city's citadels to the Macedonian king and
00:53:01
significant goats without any fight
00:53:04
four days later, continuing to move
00:53:07
towards the shore Alexander reached the office
00:53:10
whose Persian garrison
00:53:12
abandoned the city even before the Macedonian approached
00:53:15
Bishop Alexander installed in the office
00:53:18
democratic rule under
00:53:20
own sovereignty, however when
00:53:24
the formerly dominant oligarchy there
00:53:26
suffered a massacre
00:53:28
Alexander immediately intervened so as not to
00:53:31
allow mob rule
00:53:34
the rest of the lady towns obeyed
00:53:36
Alexander without resistance but here
00:53:39
further south in punishment he had to
00:53:42
face opposition from memnon
00:53:47
survivors after the brink developed an active
00:53:49
activities on the Aegean coast
00:53:52
supplying and supporting Greek cities
00:53:55
which Alexander's army approached like this
00:53:59
the Persian garrison in Meletia was good
00:54:01
prepared for defense therefore when
00:54:04
Alexander approached the city, its commander
00:54:07
garrison refused to surrender hope for
00:54:10
help from the Persian fleet
00:54:12
he actually sent by to help
00:54:15
ticket for a squadron of 400 ships however
00:54:18
this solution turned out to be
00:54:19
belatedly when she arrived from the frame
00:54:21
the city on board was blocked
00:54:24
Greek squadron realizing hopelessness
00:54:27
of their position, the townspeople of Milito
00:54:30
agreed to hand over Nizhny to Alexander
00:54:33
city but here is the citadel where the garrison locked itself
00:54:36
we had to take Macedonia by storm
00:54:39
suppressing the last pockets of resistance in
00:54:42
Meletia Alexander
00:54:44
disbanded his fleet, it is believed that
00:54:47
Macedonian king did not have enough funds for
00:54:50
its contents
00:54:51
besides, he apparently wanted to cut off with his
00:54:54
soldiers the way to their homeland and force them
00:54:57
win if they wanted to avoid
00:54:59
death by the next city
00:55:03
who resisted Alexander in
00:55:05
this region became the base of Halicarnassus
00:55:08
Persian fleet and one of the most
00:55:11
reliable strongholds of Persian rule
00:55:13
in Asia Minor defense of Halicarnassus
00:55:18
Memnon himself led those who gathered for
00:55:21
protecting the fortress of all Greek mercenaries
00:55:23
from nearby cities and
00:55:26
ability to blockade the city from the sea
00:55:29
Alexander ordered to begin preparations
00:55:31
to storm the city despite
00:55:34
use of all then known
00:55:36
Memnon held siege equipment
00:55:39
city ​​for two months
00:55:41
inflicting sensitive blows on Alexandra
00:55:44
during night raids in the end
00:55:47
the Macedonian king still succeeded
00:55:50
take possession of the lower city but as in
00:55:53
miles these remaining defenders locked themselves in
00:55:56
in the citadel, realizing that Assad's further
00:55:59
may take many months
00:56:01
the Macedonian king left for continuation
00:56:04
Assad
00:56:05
a detachment of three thousand warriors and he himself led
00:56:08
army east to Lycia
00:56:10
not in good health, not in pamphilia, he is almost not
00:56:14
met resistance from mercenary soldiers
00:56:17
Persian king and local residents
00:56:19
surrendered their cities to him one by one
00:56:23
[music]
00:56:24
asserting his power on the coast
00:56:26
Alexander headed north and through
00:56:29
reached the Guardian here for a while
00:56:33
the legend Alexander was shown the famous
00:56:35
the knot with which he tied the yoke
00:56:38
and shafted their carts to the altar
00:56:40
legendary pride was believed that that
00:56:44
who can
00:56:45
untie the knot the gods grant the honor of becoming
00:56:48
sovereign of all Asia
00:56:51
Alexander cannot overcome such a temptation
00:56:53
could according to Plutarch Alexander great
00:56:57
upset by his own inability
00:57:00
deal with the intractable knot and
00:57:02
found a way out worthy of the conqueror
00:57:05
cut it with a sword in another version
00:57:08
story
00:57:09
attribute am a resto the bull says
00:57:12
that Alexander simply pulled out a passing
00:57:15
through the drawbar the locking pin and
00:57:18
removed the yoke
00:57:20
while Alexander performed in pride they
00:57:23
ritual action to him profit and
00:57:25
replenishment of 3,000 infantry and 300
00:57:29
horsemen from Macedonia
00:57:31
200 pisal horsemen and 150
00:57:34
Peloponnesian mercenaries further
00:57:37
the road to Asia for the Macedonian king was
00:57:39
it would seem openly, however, despite
00:57:47
Alexander couldn’t achieve his own success yet
00:57:50
move east of the Guardian due to
00:57:52
increased activity of the Persian fleet
00:57:54
under the command of Memnon throughout
00:57:57
visibility memnon without being able to
00:57:59
decided to defeat Alexander on land
00:58:02
move the war to Greece and force
00:58:04
Alexandra return to her homeland in Greece
00:58:08
rumors spread that he was going to pass by
00:58:11
capture
00:58:12
in beyu from where it was not difficult to invade
00:58:14
to the banking peninsula without much
00:58:19
labor with the help of supporters of the Persian
00:58:21
the authorities of Memnon took possession of Kherson
00:58:25
some time later his troops occupied
00:58:28
a number of towns on the island of Lesbos
00:58:31
the largest city in Lesvos
00:58:33
methylene and refused to recognize the authorities
00:58:36
Persians and Memnon besieged him
00:58:39
However, in the midst of the siege, Memnon suddenly
00:58:42
died and the operation had to be completed
00:58:46
auto fra date and headlights on base
00:58:48
to whom Memnon, dying, entrusted
00:58:51
command
00:58:53
successfully taking methylene from the Persians
00:58:56
the commander has already abandoned
00:58:58
Memnon's ambitious plans for invasion
00:59:00
to mainland Greece limited
00:59:03
coastal raids of the coast of Asia Minor
00:59:08
[music]
00:59:09
unexpected death on
00:59:11
again put before the Persian king
00:59:13
Darius the third question about further
00:59:16
war plans
00:59:17
using administrative resources
00:59:20
empires
00:59:21
Darius managed to gather an army in Babylon
00:59:24
several times higher than shaya
00:59:26
number of Alexander's army question
00:59:30
the only question was how to apply it
00:59:32
recruited units and who will be them
00:59:35
command
00:59:36
at the military council in Susa, many
00:59:39
Persian nobles spoke out for it
00:59:41
so that Darius himself
00:59:42
led the army and opposed
00:59:45
Alexandra Haredim had a different opinion
00:59:49
Athenian strategist who was expelled from
00:59:51
Greece by order of Alexander
00:59:53
Haredim did not advise Darius to go
00:59:56
to the theater of war in his opinion
00:59:59
the army should have been led by a commander
01:00:02
he himself offered to the battle-hardened
01:00:05
carry 100 thousandth army third
01:00:08
which would have been composed of mercenaries first
01:00:12
Darius was inclined to accept the offer
01:00:14
strategist but those close to him in the shower or Dario
01:00:17
suspicion
01:00:18
as if the Haredim were seeking command
01:00:21
to then give the Persians a response
01:00:24
Angry Haredi called Persians cowards
01:00:27
which brought upon himself the wrath of the king who
01:00:31
gave the order about his inertia and when
01:00:34
the Persian king cooled down from anger, he was bitter
01:00:38
I regretted the mistake I made
01:00:40
except Hari, the topic at Daria's court is more
01:00:43
there were no worthy commanders
01:00:47
in a hopeless situation
01:00:49
then he was forced to take charge himself
01:00:52
troops
01:00:53
[music]
01:00:59
learning about the death of Memnon and
01:01:02
preparations of the Persian king
01:01:03
Alexander began to prepare his army
01:01:06
continuation of the journey into the depths of Asia in
01:01:10
activity of the Persian fleet in the Aegean
01:01:12
there was no need to worry about the sea anymore
01:01:14
the Macedonian king was aware
01:01:17
that most Hellenic mercenaries
01:01:19
served under Memnon on orders
01:01:21
Daria
01:01:22
left the ships to strengthen
01:01:24
Persian ground forces
01:01:28
rested and replenished I am the army
01:01:30
alexander paul to the east setting
01:01:33
their power in the cities of Paphlagonia
01:01:35
and Cappadocia however on the conquered
01:01:39
territories, Alexander tried not to
01:01:40
his main task was to linger
01:01:43
in the fastest advancement into the depths
01:01:45
Asia and in capturing the main support
01:01:48
points in particular the Cilician disease from
01:01:51
mountain pass lying through
01:01:53
Taurus mountain range and opened the way to
01:01:57
herself Cilicia, how the Macedonian was in no hurry
01:02:02
the king is already passing the Cilician gate
01:02:05
were occupied by a Persian detachment under
01:02:07
the beginning of wolverines alexander
01:02:10
gave the order to Parmenion to stay
01:02:13
place with heavily armed warriors
01:02:15
himself at the head
01:02:16
hippas of pestles archers and hadrian
01:02:19
rushed forward
01:02:21
wanting to knock the Persians out of the passes
01:02:24
fight in the mountains of alexander, however,
01:02:27
had to or chose to avoid
01:02:30
battle and apply against Alexander
01:02:32
scorched earth tactics which in its
01:02:35
time strongly recommended to the cops
01:02:38
passing through the Cilician gate
01:02:40
Alexander
01:02:41
I found out that he was either going to
01:02:43
plunder and that the RFS is the largest city
01:02:46
and the port of Cilicia has either already begun
01:02:49
implementation of this plan
01:02:51
without wasting time, Alexander rushed off himself
01:02:54
there at the head of his lightly armed
01:02:56
warriors
01:02:57
and occupied tor the day before the approach of the Persians or
01:03:01
he himself left Cilicia
01:03:03
and ran to Daria the third in Tarsus
01:03:07
Alexander became seriously ill after swimming
01:03:10
in a mountain river
01:03:11
all ancient authors write that
01:03:14
none of the doctors undertook to treat him
01:03:16
reading the situation as hopeless
01:03:18
only Philip the Greek physician who
01:03:22
the army had good glory and undertook to heal
01:03:25
the king, offering him a drink prepared
01:03:28
im strong drugs in this
01:03:31
time from cappadocia from parmenion a
01:03:33
the messenger has arrived
01:03:34
from an urgent dispatch in which the commander
01:03:37
reported that Philip was bribed by the Persians and
01:03:40
that he intends to poison the king
01:03:43
Alexander gave this letter to Philip
01:03:46
while he was reading he drank in front of his eyes
01:03:49
cooked with it should be right away
01:03:52
drove out the disease and returned by force
01:03:54
Alexandra to catch up
01:03:58
due to illness time Alexander
01:04:00
barely recovered sent replaced by
01:04:03
east by another proud passage
01:04:05
united Cilicia and Syria and himself
01:04:08
conquered the rest in a few weeks
01:04:10
Cilician cities remaining in the rear
01:04:13
due to the rapid advance of the army from
01:04:16
the occupation of Cilicia ended the first stage
01:04:19
Alexander's campaign to the east conquest
01:04:22
Asia Minor
01:04:24
Greek Macedonian troops stood at the threshold
01:04:26
Syria
01:04:27
preparing to continue its journey deeper
01:04:29
Achaemenid power, meanwhile, until
01:04:34
the Macedonians received information that dori
01:04:36
came with a countless army from Babylon to
01:04:39
Syria and set up a settlement camp
01:04:42
Sofia
01:04:43
at the Macedonian military council there was
01:04:45
the decision was made to act immediately
01:04:48
against the Persians
01:04:49
Alexander walked along the seashore to
01:04:51
issue
01:04:52
where he left the sick and wounded while he
01:04:55
went down south along the shore so that from there
01:04:57
move towards the plow to get closer to
01:05:00
enemy
01:05:02
fight the Persians in the open
01:05:05
the area was a dangerous undertaking
01:05:07
numerous Daria troops occupied
01:05:09
advantageous position on a large level where
01:05:12
the Persian command could introduce
01:05:15
fight all your contingents
01:05:18
resident of the Persian court
01:05:20
Macedonian fugitive Aminta
01:05:22
convinced the king to stay on this
01:05:24
terrain realizing that Alexander
01:05:28
will not be slow to appear on the battlefield
01:05:30
I heard the same advice from Dory
01:05:33
commanders of their Greek mercenaries
01:05:36
however, under the influence of the Persian
01:05:38
courtiers are not very inclined to trust
01:05:41
Greeks and Macedonians
01:05:43
Darius set out for Cilicia and after
01:05:45
short passage suddenly found himself in
01:05:48
to the rear, Alexander himself really didn’t
01:05:52
suspecting
01:05:53
this maneuver, however, was obvious
01:05:56
flaw
01:05:57
its implementation led the Persian
01:05:59
army into a narrow flat area
01:06:01
between the sea and the mountains, moving to
01:06:04
Cilicia
01:06:05
they left the Persian much more
01:06:07
spacious and wide
01:06:09
Syrian plain where they would be much more
01:06:12
it's more convenient to turn around
01:06:15
Alexandra similar move of the opponent
01:06:18
just made me happy, nothing seduced me so much
01:06:21
Macedonian king as an opportunity to give
01:06:24
fight the enemy on a narrow battlefield with everything
01:06:28
the Macedonian army that was with him
01:06:31
the king turned around and hurried north
01:06:34
Darius may have imagined
01:06:37
the enemy's intention is direct
01:06:39
in the opposite way and thought that he
01:06:42
will try to escape and
01:06:44
accordingly led the army south from
01:06:47
and now the goal is not to give the enemy these decisive
01:06:51
clash between darius i alexander
01:06:53
became inevitable
01:07:00
[music]
01:07:05
armies met on the shore from whom
01:07:07
bay in the valley of the small river Pinar
01:07:10
from the east the aman towered over the valley
01:07:13
mountains because of which the coastal strip
01:07:16
where the battle was to take place
01:07:19
only two and a half wide
01:07:21
kilometers Darius arrived on the battlefield
01:07:24
was the first to have the opportunity to take
01:07:27
defensive positions on the left bank
01:07:29
pinara estimating the size of his army
01:07:33
ancient sources
01:07:34
they named numbers from 400 to 600 thousand
01:07:38
man this is a clear exaggeration of purpose
01:07:43
which was to imagine the Battle of Issus
01:07:46
like the confrontation of a handful of Macedonians
01:07:49
countless hordes of barbarians however
01:07:52
other unbiased sources in
01:07:55
We don't have it at our disposal so
01:07:58
the actual size of Daria's army is possible
01:08:01
restore
01:08:02
only approximately the basis of a foot strike
01:08:06
formed detachments of Greek mercenaries
01:08:08
only about ten twelve thousand
01:08:11
besides them, dori brought his own to the battlefield
01:08:15
elite guard unit
01:08:17
numbered 10 thousand immortals
01:08:20
man on his right flank on
01:08:23
coast dory and located
01:08:25
cavalry units numbering 10 15
01:08:29
thousand horsemen the rest of the space
01:08:31
occupied by light infantrymen who fought in
01:08:34
traditional Persian style
01:08:37
In general, the Daria army could number
01:08:39
that moment the table was 120 thousand people but this
01:08:43
the assessment is extremely conditional
01:08:47
in the center of the Persian battle formations
01:08:50
royal chariot
01:08:51
take a central position in the battle
01:08:54
was quite common for Persian
01:08:56
sovereigns since they were from there
01:08:59
convenient to manage numerous
01:09:01
in detachments to the right and left of themselves the ancients
01:09:06
the authors do not write about the number
01:09:08
Macedonian strength in the battle of Essay can
01:09:11
assume that due to numerous
01:09:13
encounters with illness and the need to highlight
01:09:17
garrisons to maintain order in
01:09:19
conquered areas under Alexander's hand
01:09:21
there were up to 30,000 people less than
01:09:26
while crossing the gillis pandas
01:09:28
however, a colossal numerical superiority
01:09:31
the enemy did not embarrass Alexander, he
01:09:33
understood that on a narrow coastal strip
01:09:36
Persians will not be able to simultaneously enter
01:09:39
battle and half of their forces in the advancing
01:09:44
in Alexander's army all units are to the left
01:09:46
stationed in the center of the phalanx
01:09:48
were under the command of Parmenion
01:09:50
on the right wing there are rifle detachments and
01:09:53
lightly armed ogre they were sent
01:09:57
knock out the enemy from the foothills
01:09:59
the infantry reached their goal quite easily
01:10:02
Daria quickly scattered in search
01:10:05
salvation
01:10:06
climbing higher into the mountains from where there is no
01:10:09
haven't posed a threat lately
01:10:13
Alexander made the moment tactically
01:10:15
reshuffles in its ranks
01:10:17
two squadrons of hetayrs occupying
01:10:20
positions in the center
01:10:21
he sent to strengthen the right wing
01:10:24
at the same time the Macedonian king understanding
01:10:27
danger of a breakthrough by the Persian cavalry
01:10:29
on your left flank
01:10:31
sent for help via minion they wrote
01:10:34
Russian cavalry initially
01:10:36
stationed on the right wings both
01:10:39
Alexander's latest rebuild
01:10:41
produced unnoticed
01:10:42
wrote c and the guitars galloped in the rear
01:10:46
advancing phalanx
01:10:47
where they were hidden from the enemy by the forest
01:10:51
Sarris Alexander continued gradually
01:10:55
move forward making sure that the army
01:10:58
kept an even front but when
01:11:01
the Macedonian army was on
01:11:03
bow shot distance
01:11:05
from the enemy he unexpectedly fell into
01:11:08
rapid attack by troops of the right wing
01:11:11
personally leading the getairs in a throw across
01:11:14
river and falling directly on the enemy
01:11:17
in front of myself, unable to restrain myself
01:11:20
Alexander's onslaught
01:11:22
The Persian left wing was soon broken through
01:11:25
however, carried away by the attack, the advanced units
01:11:28
Macedonian cavalry broke away from
01:11:31
rear phalanx
01:11:33
uneven ground and steep river banks
01:11:35
made the task of the phalanxes much more difficult there
01:11:38
preserving the system, let alone maintaining
01:11:41
schoolgirl Alexandra's interactions are not
01:11:43
I had to think the opposite
01:11:47
the Macedonian phalanx was met on the shore
01:11:50
even ranks of Greek mercenaries and
01:11:52
immortals already ready to be reflected
01:11:55
onslaught moving towards the Macedonians
01:11:58
Darius' infantrymen soon entered
01:12:01
a fierce battle with the main forces
01:12:03
Alexander's army taking advantage of the unevenness
01:12:07
I am building the Macedonian phalanx which
01:12:09
arose due to the crossing of the river by the Greeks and
01:12:11
the Persians tried to overthrow the Macedonians
01:12:14
back to pinar and although this is still not
01:12:17
managed detachments of mercenaries began to surround
01:12:20
Macedonian
01:12:21
at the right end of their formation
01:12:24
phalanx you suffered heavy losses
01:12:27
however, they did not flinch and continued
01:12:29
fight with difficulty fighting off attackers
01:12:32
Greek mercenaries on the left flank
01:12:36
Macedonians commanded by Parmenion
01:12:39
the situation was even worse there near the coast and on
01:12:44
adjacent flat strip of land
01:12:46
the overwhelming superiority of the Persians in
01:12:49
cavalry could turn into a decisive
01:12:51
advantage of not waiting for orders from
01:12:55
Daria Persian horsemen rushed
01:12:58
across the river to attack against the Thessalians
01:13:00
cavalry I was just opposite
01:13:04
a fierce battle ensued in
01:13:07
in which fees persons and parmenion are barely
01:13:09
held back the Persians saved the situation
01:13:13
cavalry units of the right flank in
01:13:15
led by Alexander
01:13:17
putting the enemy to flight on his
01:13:20
direction Alexander turned his
01:13:23
hetayrov and fell into the ranks of the Greek mercenaries
01:13:26
upset their unity and forced shouts
01:13:30
or roll away from the river or die on
01:13:33
place after this Macedonian phalanx
01:13:36
was able to continue advancing again
01:13:39
destroys those who survived the attacks
01:13:41
Alexander's cavalry
01:13:43
Alexander himself tried to break through to
01:13:46
Darius the third around the Persian king
01:13:48
the battle was especially fierce for many
01:13:52
Dory's close associates died
01:13:54
and the king of kings himself with great difficulty
01:13:56
hastily transferring to another chariot
01:14:00
left the battlefield the collapse of the center and
01:14:04
the Persian left flank
01:14:06
provoked a general panic flight
01:14:09
all Darius' troops from the battlefield
01:14:12
many of the fugitives are especially Greek
01:14:14
mercenaries and Persian horsemen had
01:14:17
heavy equipment
01:14:18
they either did not have time to get away from more
01:14:21
fast enemy or threw weapons and
01:14:24
found themselves defenseless against the enemy
01:14:27
if he caught up with them
01:14:30
ancient sources tell us about a hundred
01:14:33
thousands killed
01:14:34
or captured at Issus by the Persians
01:14:37
infantry losses and cavalry
01:14:39
these data estimate 10,000 people
01:14:43
seem disproportionately high and
01:14:46
should also be perceived as an attempt
01:14:48
overstatement by ancient historians of achievement
01:14:51
Alexandra
01:14:52
at the same time the loss of Alexander
01:14:54
are estimated at 300 infantry killed and
01:14:58
150 cavalry although there was a fierce battle with
01:15:01
Greek mercenaries in the center
01:15:03
casts doubt on such
01:15:05
minor losses in anonymous
01:15:08
papyrus discovered in the ring and in
01:15:10
Egypt deserves better
01:15:14
trust information about one thousand killed
01:15:16
infantry and two hundred cavalry
01:15:26
after the victory at Issus the Macedonian wars
01:15:29
soon occupied the Persian camp where
01:15:32
discovered
01:15:33
and captured the mother, wife and children of Daria himself
01:15:37
Alexander made do with the royal women
01:15:39
home in a chivalrous manner and assured them that
01:15:42
Darius survived and that he personally was nothing
01:15:45
has nothing against him because they are fighting
01:15:48
only for political purposes, that is, for
01:15:50
possession of asia but here's the money
01:15:54
the defeated king went to the winner
01:15:57
Greek historian
01:15:58
Arian calls the sum 3 thousand talents
01:16:02
these riches should certainly
01:16:05
enough to purchase supplies and pay
01:16:07
mercenary services in the upcoming campaign
01:16:10
Alexander planned his conquests
01:16:14
continue south to
01:16:17
there was a queue to conquer the trade gates
01:16:20
mediterranean sea dates
01:16:23
[music]
01:16:37
Battle of Issus occurred in November 333
01:16:40
BC reaffirmed
01:16:43
Macedonian military leadership talents
01:16:45
Tsar Alexander
01:16:46
dory 3 recently performed from
01:16:50
babylonia with a gigantic army fled with
01:16:53
battlefield and began gathering a new army in
01:16:56
hope to defend at least part of their
01:16:59
powers the defeat of the Persians marked
01:17:02
final liberation of the Greeks
01:17:05
cities in Asia Minor
01:17:06
from the power of the Persian kings and the campaign
01:17:09
Alexandra to the east began to gain
01:17:12
new meaning is now its main goal
01:17:16
revenge was proclaimed on the Persians for
01:17:18
destruction of cities and temples of the Ladian period
01:17:21
Greco-Persian wars in addition to this
01:17:24
his ambitions have grown greatly
01:17:27
Macedonian king Alexander increasingly
01:17:30
thought about conquering all of Asia
01:17:33
inspired by his victory over the Persians
01:17:36
Alexander led his army further south
01:17:39
along the coast however the Middle East is not
01:17:44
was the only military theater
01:17:46
actions in the confrontation Alexander &
01:17:48
doria
01:17:49
Persian naval commanders ordabas cars
01:17:53
prodad continued to operate in the Aegean
01:17:56
sea trying to cut off communications
01:17:58
Alexandra shortly before the Battle of Yavin
01:18:02
they made contact with the Spartans
01:18:04
king Agis himself who was going
01:18:06
lead
01:18:08
general Greek revolt against
01:18:09
Macedonian rule
01:18:11
agis boarded the ship and went to the headlights
01:18:15
to a basis for discussing joint
01:18:16
action but their negotiations will soon
01:18:20
were interrupted, a rumor reached Greece
01:18:22
about the crushing defeat of the Persian
01:18:25
king at essay
01:18:27
fearing that the largest bases
01:18:30
the Persian fleet in Phoenicia will get
01:18:32
Alexandru Far decided to play bass once again
01:18:35
don’t waste your strength, but he singled out Gisu
01:18:39
symbolic assistance of ten ships and
01:18:42
30 talents of silver was clearly
01:18:46
not enough to start a rebellion
01:18:49
Greece however, the Spartan king did not
01:18:52
abandon your plans after a year
01:18:56
he led an army of 20 thousand
01:18:59
and the evil conics and the besieged blinked the floor waiting
01:19:02
help from other Greeks
01:19:04
policies including Athens, Athenians and
01:19:08
however, they decided to ignore the appeal
01:19:10
and when is the forty thousandth
01:19:13
Macedonian army under the command
01:19:15
Antipater approached the blinking field
01:19:18
the Spartans lost any chance of
01:19:21
success antipater entered the battle and
01:19:24
Agis won a decisive victory
01:19:27
died as a hero while continuing to fight
01:19:30
knees when he lost his leg early
01:19:33
opportunity to fight while standing
01:19:37
success accompanied the commander Alexander
01:19:40
and in other directions
01:19:42
talented Macedonian and naval commanders
01:19:45
bigelow i am fokker managed to protect
01:19:47
gillis ond from the Persian ships as
01:19:50
it turned out it was the last big one
01:19:53
headlight operation on base massive
01:19:56
desertion of the Phoenicians and Cypriots
01:19:59
those who served in the Persian fleet were blown up
01:20:02
its combat capabilities and when the headlight itself
01:20:05
the bass was captured in Chios
01:20:07
paid and ceased to exist altogether
01:20:11
simultaneously
01:20:13
hostilities intensified in
01:20:15
Cappadocia and Paphlagonia
01:20:17
Darya commanders gathered significant forces
01:20:21
attacked the Macedonians decisively
01:20:23
the garrison soon, however, were not
01:20:26
overtaken by the military leader Alexander
01:20:28
Antigone
01:20:29
who defeated the Persians in three separate
01:20:32
battles but so far the Macedonian commanders
01:20:36
fought in the north
01:20:38
Alexander continued his campaign across the lands
01:20:41
Achaemenid Empire
01:20:44
moving south along the Alexander coast
01:20:47
soon entered the territory of dates and
01:20:50
region
01:20:51
played a key role in life
01:20:53
Eastern Mediterranean
01:20:56
located at the crossroads of land and
01:20:58
maritime trade routes
01:21:00
Phoenician cities controlled
01:21:02
transit flow of goods receiving from this
01:21:04
considerable profits
01:21:06
in addition, the Phoenicians had
01:21:08
a large fleet until recently
01:21:11
operating under the headlights at the base in
01:21:13
the Aegean Sea and although after the capture of the headlights
01:21:16
the Phoenician sailors returned to the base
01:21:18
Alexander could count on his native harbors
01:21:21
for the peaceful conquest of the region by the Phoenicians and
01:21:24
the Persians had previously had uprisings
01:21:26
press with extraordinary cruelty
01:21:29
Alexander was perceived as
01:21:31
to the liberators representatives of Arad more
01:21:36
of a bible and other Phoenician
01:21:39
cities rushed to interruption
01:21:41
present Alexander with golden crowns
01:21:43
a sign of readiness to recognize him as yours
01:21:45
Mr. Alexander kindly
01:21:49
accepted such embassy and agreed
01:21:51
retained by local representatives
01:21:54
nobility their positions with the exception of Seddon
01:21:58
where the Macedonian ruler displaced the local
01:22:00
ruler's wit on which throughout
01:22:03
apparently belonged to the pro-Persian
01:22:05
party choosing a new Tsar Alexander
01:22:09
entrusted to his friend Hephaestion
01:22:11
he found a poor descendant of the royal
01:22:14
houses by name told about him who was
01:22:17
so poor that he himself has no slaves
01:22:20
grew vegetables under the sedan and
01:22:23
even proclaimed him ruler of the city
01:22:27
if this story is fiction
01:22:29
ancient chroniclers, which is quite likely
01:22:31
she demonstrates Alexander's desire
01:22:34
consolidate their conquests with an alliance with
01:22:36
local aristocratic circles
01:22:39
the conquest of dates did not cause
01:22:42
Alexandra has serious problems until he
01:22:44
approached another trading city
01:22:47
Teru
01:22:48
[music]
01:22:55
residents just give up to Alexander
01:22:59
they weren’t going to shoot a shooting gallery and they had it for that
01:23:01
every reason
01:23:02
because from the Greek Macedonian army
01:23:05
old shooting gallery
01:23:06
separated by approximately 800 meters of sea
01:23:09
surfaces
01:23:11
the city located on the island was
01:23:13
surrounded by stone walls on all sides
01:23:17
a strong fleet gave Tera the opportunity
01:23:19
provide sea supplies
01:23:21
food for many months
01:23:24
interrupt them from the Macedonian king
01:23:26
he didn't have the opportunity to have his own fleet
01:23:29
dissolved back in Asia Minor, considering his
01:23:34
the city is impregnable for the Macedonians
01:23:36
the Tyrians demonstrated a strong desire
01:23:39
resist Alexandra
01:23:40
to his request to sacrifice to Hercules in
01:23:44
new dash dash they refused
01:23:46
clearly realizing that religious
01:23:49
ceremonies will be followed by occupation in return
01:23:52
they offered the king to use
01:23:54
altar in the mainland of the city for
01:23:57
Alexander, who did not want to leave in
01:24:00
an unconquered city in your rear
01:24:03
the decision was unacceptable and therefore he
01:24:07
ordered to prepare for a siege
01:24:10
own fleet and island position
01:24:12
Tyr didn't bother Alexander much
01:24:15
apparently the Macedonian king also
01:24:17
moment I already began to consider myself
01:24:19
invincible
01:24:20
and yet Alexander undertook
01:24:24
last attempt to resolve the matter peacefully
01:24:27
sending the embassies themselves to the shooting range
01:24:30
but here too the inhabitants of the shooting range
01:24:33
demonstrated their determination
01:24:34
resist demands to lay down arms
01:24:38
they rejected the losses and the ambassadors themselves
01:24:41
Alexander was executed
01:24:42
their bodies were thrown into the sea in response
01:24:46
Alexander having lost hope for a peaceful
01:24:48
the outcome ordered construction to begin
01:24:51
a pier that would connect the old shooting gallery with
01:24:54
its mainland at first
01:24:58
construction progressed successfully
01:25:00
reinforced with wooden beams
01:25:03
and boulders platform
01:25:05
quickly approaching the walls of the old
01:25:07
terra
01:25:08
however, the further we moved
01:25:10
Macedonian masters are the more difficult
01:25:13
construction began
01:25:14
the depth of the sea gradually increased and
01:25:17
eventually reached five meters
01:25:19
why is there a hammer for construction?
01:25:21
much more materials were required
01:25:24
the defenders of the shooting range also did not sit idly by
01:25:27
as soon as the work approached the walls
01:25:30
the city was lost and began to water the Macedonians
01:25:33
rain of arrows from fortifications
01:25:35
as well as from the ships on which they
01:25:38
swam freely to the Alexander pier
01:25:42
reacted quickly he gave orders
01:25:45
line up on the far limb hammer 2
01:25:47
siege tower that would serve as defense
01:25:50
for builders
01:25:51
the front side of Macedonia is not covered
01:25:54
towers with a layer of skins to prevent them
01:25:56
fire from burning ammunition
01:25:59
a torsion bar catapult was placed on top
01:26:02
for shooting at the defenders
01:26:04
under the protection of new Macedonian towers
01:26:07
engineers were able to continue further
01:26:09
platform construction
01:26:10
gradually moving closer and closer
01:26:13
to the city walls
01:26:15
understanding the need at any cost
01:26:18
destroy the siege tower
01:26:20
The Tyrians found an original way
01:26:22
set them on fire, the defenders took one of
01:26:25
old cargo crab
01:26:26
filled it to capacity with combustibles
01:26:29
materials and in tow brought him to
01:26:31
the ends of the pier to where they were located
01:26:34
towers before the collision itself
01:26:37
Syrian sailors set fire to a ship from
01:26:39
jumped off the burning ship
01:26:42
crashed into the platform and fire quickly
01:26:45
spread to the siege tower which
01:26:47
burned in minutes
01:26:49
many of those who were at that moment
01:26:51
towers
01:26:52
jumped into the water from where they were caught
01:26:55
Tyrians at the same time their warships
01:26:58
cruised along the pier showering arrows
01:27:01
everyone who tried to put out the fire
01:27:06
the incident was the first serious
01:27:08
failures for Alexander the Macedonian king
01:27:12
realized that he doesn’t have a shooting range
01:27:14
it will be impossible to have your own fleet
01:27:17
having given orders to build a new pier
01:27:20
which would not be located sideways to
01:27:22
leeward side and directly towards
01:27:24
the wind Alexander together with easily
01:27:27
armed warriors and hippo lists
01:27:29
went back to the Phoenician cities
01:27:31
previously sworn allegiance to him
01:27:42
quickly recruit a representative flotilla
01:27:44
to gain supremacy at sea
01:27:47
Alexander could only in those left by him
01:27:49
the rear of the Phoenician cities benefit from the means
01:27:52
to hire naval crews from the conqueror
01:27:54
after a while it was enough for him
01:27:57
80 warships joined
01:28:00
sent from Arad Byblos and Sidon except
01:28:05
In addition, Alexander received 12 more ships with
01:28:08
Rhodes Islands 10 arrived from Asia Minor and
01:28:12
1 50 strong galley from Macedonia itself
01:28:17
the collection of such a large fleet forced and
01:28:19
Cypriot kings join
01:28:21
Alexander United Cyprus Squadron
01:28:25
of 120 ships soon arrived near Sidon
01:28:28
and formed the backbone of the naval forces
01:28:31
Alexandra the reason for this
01:28:34
the pliability of both the Phoenicians and the wreath of
01:28:36
lay not only in the glory of Alexander
01:28:39
spread throughout the Mediterranean after
01:28:41
victories in the essay but also in it
01:28:44
goodwill of the locals
01:28:47
aristocratic or there's a turn
01:28:51
position is lost during absence
01:28:53
Alexandra has not improved much
01:28:56
the defenders of the city were counting on help
01:28:59
their North African colony of Carthage
01:29:02
however, these hopes were not realized
01:29:05
Carthage was then actively fighting
01:29:07
actions in Sicily Alexander however
01:29:10
still declared war on Carthage but
01:29:13
postponed it until the completion of the eastern
01:29:15
hike when Alexander finally returned
01:29:19
to the shooting range
01:29:20
he found four reinforcements there
01:29:23
thousands of soldiers from Greece
01:29:25
reinforcements as well as newly recruited
01:29:28
the fleet gave the king the opportunity to
01:29:30
become more determined to prepare for
01:29:33
general assault on the shooting range by the Tyrians themselves before
01:29:36
didn't realize the very last moment
01:29:39
how seriously the opportunities have grown
01:29:42
Alexandra
01:29:51
appearing under the walls of the shooting range at the head
01:29:53
Alexander tried his fleet
01:29:56
lure the Syrians into the open sea
01:29:59
the defenders, however, did not fall for the tricks
01:30:01
Macedonian king and only blocked
01:30:04
with their ships entering the harbor and after
01:30:07
several unsuccessful attempts to break through
01:30:10
screen Alexander stopped active actions on
01:30:13
sea ​​and positioned his ships along
01:30:15
the perimeter of the city walls
01:30:17
the largest sea
01:30:19
Alexander blocked with formations
01:30:22
Tyrians going to sea placing the Cypriot
01:30:25
squadron opposite sidon sky talking about
01:30:28
Phoenicians versus Egyptian themes
01:30:33
over time the installation of siege defenses continued
01:30:35
cars
01:30:36
aimed at city fortifications
01:30:38
in addition to the sailors, Alexander attracted dates
01:30:42
local craftsmen are also on their side
01:30:45
thanks to which engineering work under
01:30:48
shooting range including the construction of a new pier
01:30:51
let's go even faster stone throwers
01:30:54
installed on all suitable
01:30:57
of this platforms at the ends
01:30:59
both piers and also on transport
01:31:01
ships anchored near
01:31:04
city ​​walls under constant fire
01:31:07
fortifications in the shooting range soon
01:31:09
started to show cracks
01:31:12
1 The Qadiris were not going to surrender
01:31:16
defenders built fortress towers
01:31:19
wooden superstructures for even more
01:31:21
increase the height of the city wall fortifications
01:31:25
despite the damage
01:31:27
were still out of reach
01:31:29
Alexandra because of the huge boulders
01:31:32
which formed the foundation of the serfs
01:31:34
structures and were issued into the sea for
01:31:36
a few meters
01:31:38
Alexander's sailors tried their best
01:31:40
opportunities to pull these boulders
01:31:43
to get as close to the walls as possible
01:31:45
however, such work was necessary
01:31:48
produce directly in sight of the enemy and
01:31:50
the Tyrians did not fail to do this
01:31:52
take advantage of the field besiegers
01:31:55
arrows and also throwing stones at them
01:31:58
and pots of boiling sewage
01:32:03
Phoenician sailors approaching at a loss
01:32:05
there was another problem with the walls
01:32:08
work had to be done only with
01:32:10
ships anchored understanding
01:32:13
it is actually lost part of its 3m
01:32:16
protective walls and took
01:32:19
daring forays from harbors to
01:32:22
cut the enemy's anchor cables
01:32:24
Haller, when did Alexander single out his
01:32:27
light vessels to suppress such attacks
01:32:30
the Tyrians began to order cutting
01:32:33
anchor ropes to their best swimmers but also
01:32:36
here Alexander parried the action
01:32:38
defending orders to replace wicker
01:32:41
cables on iron chains alarm
01:32:45
tera defenders regarding their
01:32:47
inability to turn the tide
01:32:49
the confrontation intensified
01:32:53
it became clear that if nothing was done
01:32:55
decisive action city early or
01:32:58
will fall late
01:33:00
planning to smash the enemy piece by piece
01:33:02
The Tyrians equipped 13 ships in the northern
01:33:06
the harbors placed the best fighters on them and
01:33:09
at noon when the vigilance of the besiegers
01:33:11
weakened
01:33:12
and Alexander himself retired to his tent
01:33:15
left the city and moved obliquely to
01:33:18
direction of the Cypriot contingent
01:33:21
most of Cyprus at that moment
01:33:23
was on the shore and therefore when on
01:33:25
ships
01:33:26
Alexandra noticed the enemy approaching
01:33:28
it was already too late first of all kiritsa
01:33:31
Pinter ukip of the Russian Tsar was sunk
01:33:34
the wrong mountain and then they started ramming and
01:33:37
drown friend
01:33:38
and the ships caused such confusion that when
01:33:42
retreat of many Cypriot ships
01:33:44
crashed but the shore is lost
01:33:48
didn't celebrate their success for long
01:33:50
Alexander ran out of his tent
01:33:53
immediately paul those under his control
01:33:55
hand of the trireme to the battlefield
01:33:58
perched on the city walls
01:34:00
city ​​residents tried in vain
01:34:03
warn participants hairs about the threat that threatened him
01:34:06
dangers absorbed destruction
01:34:09
The Tyrians were caught by the enemy
01:34:11
Alexander's galleys took him by surprise and during
01:34:14
the ensuing battle lost the majority
01:34:16
their ships, although those on them
01:34:19
the sailors managed to escape by swimming
01:34:23
after the sortie, siege work accelerated
01:34:26
Alexander's ship was finally removed
01:34:29
most of the boulders got in the way and were able to
01:34:31
get close to the walls
01:34:33
Macedonian engineers directly on ships
01:34:36
installed rams which with their
01:34:38
the serfs began to be shaken with blows
01:34:41
structures soon gave their
01:34:43
results in the wall section as well
01:34:45
directly adjacent to the Egyptian
01:34:48
a small gap has opened up in the harbor
01:34:51
having lost everything by this moment
01:34:53
patience make a tribute they transferred there
01:34:55
bridge and tried to take the fortification
01:34:58
attack, however, the Tyrians easily repelled
01:35:01
attack
01:35:02
over the next days make tribute they
01:35:05
widened the gap and finally completed
01:35:07
construction of 2 moles so siege towers
01:35:11
now stood close to the city walls
01:35:15
to storm the breach in the southern part of the wall
01:35:18
Alexander allocated an elite squad of gi pospi
01:35:21
leading the response
01:35:23
and he himself took up positions on one of the siege
01:35:26
towers along the entire perimeter of the fortifications were
01:35:30
distracting attacks are planned and
01:35:32
maneuvers
01:35:33
and the flotillas of Phoenicians and Cypriots were
01:35:36
an order was given
01:35:37
finally break through to both harbors
01:35:41
fell and Macedonia did not start
01:35:43
final assault defiant
01:35:45
towns near the Egyptian harbor of Hippasus
01:35:48
the pists overcame step by step
01:35:50
resistance of the defenders and despite
01:35:53
to death from meth they occupied a number of towers on
01:35:56
the fortress wall in the center
01:35:59
where the siege tower was located
01:36:01
Alexander was the first to jump onto the city bus
01:36:04
wall by personally defeating several Syrians
01:36:07
inspired by Macedonia did not follow
01:36:10
after their king and soon suppressed
01:36:12
resistance of the defenders on the serfs
01:36:14
walls
01:36:16
but even after losing the walls to the enemy, the Tyrians
01:36:20
continued to desperately defend
01:36:23
surviving defenders of the city
01:36:25
began to retreat to its northern part
01:36:28
to lock yourself in the Terra citadel
01:36:30
however, all this was in vain in the city
01:36:34
makeda nannies came from everywhere and
01:36:36
and the Phoenicians and Cypriots have practically no
01:36:39
having met resistance, they occupied both harbors
01:36:42
Tyra, angry with the six-month siege
01:36:45
Makeda Nannies and their allies were determined
01:36:48
end the resistance of the shooting gallery once and
01:36:51
forever soon began in the city
01:36:54
bloody meat grinder during which
01:36:56
side is lost in about eight deaths
01:36:59
thousand people the only ones
01:37:02
Alexander saved the lives of the pilgrims
01:37:05
from Carthage who received
01:37:07
the opportunity to return to your hometown
01:37:09
city
01:37:10
the rest of the captured foreigners as
01:37:13
and survivors of the assault on the cypher dash
01:37:16
only about 30,000
01:37:18
Alexander sold into slavery according to data
01:37:22
Türkiye rufa
01:37:23
and Diodorus Sicilian Alexander also
01:37:26
ordered 1 5 2 thousand Syrian youths to
01:37:30
edification to other Phoenician cities
01:37:34
ancient chroniclers indicate that for everything
01:37:37
during the siege the Macedonian king lost 400
01:37:40
people killed
01:37:41
Most likely this figure is underestimated
01:37:44
however, in any case it reflects that
01:37:47
how difficult it was for Alexander
01:37:49
conquest of the shooting gallery seven-month Assad shooting gallery
01:37:59
completed Alexander's conquest of Dates
01:38:02
without expecting it, Alexander for the first
01:38:06
a year and a half of their eastern company
01:38:08
made impressive territorial
01:38:10
acquisitions Asia Minor
01:38:13
Syria dates with all their riches
01:38:16
lay at his feet starting the march to the east
01:38:20
and cherishing in my soul a modest dream of capturing
01:38:23
Asia Minor, the Macedonian king could not even
01:38:26
to think about such things now having gained
01:38:30
outstanding victories at the border and
01:38:33
and seat also having conquered shooting gallery Alexander
01:38:36
dreamed of conquering everything Persian
01:38:39
power
01:38:40
new challenges awaited him ahead and
01:38:43
danger however of the Macedonian king is
01:38:47
didn't bother me
01:38:48
with determination worthy of few
01:38:51
Alexander Paul the Greek Macedonian army
01:38:54
further south to Egypt
01:39:02
[music]
01:39:11
in July 332 BC
01:39:14
Macedonian king Alexander finally
01:39:16
ended the 7 month siege of Dir brutally
01:39:20
having dealt with those who opposed him
01:39:23
Alexander went to the defenders of the city
01:39:25
further south along the coast intending
01:39:29
conquer Egypt and establish
01:39:31
final domination of everything
01:39:33
Eastern Mediterranean
01:39:37
however, before reaching the cradle
01:39:39
ancient civilizations
01:39:41
Greek Macedonian army was to
01:39:44
walk through the lands of Palestine
01:39:46
like dates and most local
01:39:49
cities greeted Alexander as
01:39:52
liberator's only obstacle
01:39:54
for the Macedonian king and his warriors in
01:39:58
this region has become a major gas fortress
01:40:01
located on a high hill and
01:40:04
shaya blocked his further path
01:40:07
it took Alexander 2 months to
01:40:10
break the city's resistance
01:40:12
h fate was not too different from that
01:40:14
what happened to the shooting range after the gas fell
01:40:19
nothing stood in the way of Alexandra anymore
01:40:21
the road to Egypt in the eyes of the Macedonian
01:40:24
the king of conquering this distant Persian
01:40:27
satrapies
01:40:28
had great importance protected with
01:40:32
all sides of the deserts and seas of Egypt
01:40:34
was a natural fortress that could
01:40:37
would cause Alexander a lot of trouble
01:40:39
in the future the Nile Delta was
01:40:43
the most important grain granary of the eastern
01:40:46
mediterranean and greece life on
01:40:49
depended on Egyptian grain supplies
01:40:53
however, the Egyptians have an example before them
01:40:56
and shooting range and gases
01:40:57
didn't even plan to resist
01:41:00
Greek Macedonian army
01:41:02
Pelusium city is located in the eastern
01:41:05
limbs of the nile delta alexander and
01:41:08
met a lot of people and Persian
01:41:11
satrap mazak handed over to the Macedonian king
01:41:14
800 talents of silver in addition to
01:41:16
steel royal property
01:41:18
Having accepted the gifts, Alexander headed to
01:41:22
south to memphis ancient egyptian capital
01:41:25
where local priests not only met
01:41:29
he was proclaimed as a liberator
01:41:31
Pharaoh in response to Alexander
01:41:34
showered the priests with gifts and privileges
01:41:39
realizing how important the role is in Egypt
01:41:42
will play within his power
01:41:44
Alexander decided to create a support base here
01:41:46
base for his power for this purpose in
01:41:50
he founded a new city in the Nile Delta
01:41:52
calling it by its name Alexandria
01:41:56
thanks to its convenient location
01:41:59
the city had to focus on itself
01:42:02
all trade of Egypt with other regions
01:42:05
Mediterranean ancient authors report
01:42:09
that the king himself was engaged in the planning of the city
01:42:12
placing the counters of the streets with flour and and however
01:42:16
quickly pecked at by flying birds
01:42:19
what was interpreted by the Greeks
01:42:21
my soothsayer as a good sign
01:42:23
talking about the future wealth of the city
01:42:27
actually the following decades
01:42:30
Alexandria turned into trading and
01:42:33
intellectual centers of Egypt
01:42:36
Macedonian king from Alexandria
01:42:39
headed to the fifa oasis to get
01:42:42
prophecy from the riot oracle
01:42:45
located deep in the Libyan
01:42:47
desert oracle attracted many
01:42:49
pilgrims from all over
01:42:51
Mediterranean
01:42:53
the Greeks also revered the Egyptian god and
01:42:56
them he received the name of Zeus riot
01:42:59
walking along the sea coast
01:43:01
Alexander found himself in a pair of Tony and where
01:43:05
received an embassy from the Greek colonies in
01:43:07
Kyrenia followed this by the king sharply
01:43:10
turned south and led his army
01:43:12
straight through the desert
01:43:14
this transition is like Alexander's stay
01:43:17
subsequently acquired many
01:43:19
legends
01:43:20
most sources report that in
01:43:24
The oracle called Alexander his son
01:43:26
Zeus moon and predicted his dominion over
01:43:30
the whole world to our closest companions
01:43:33
Macedonian king
01:43:34
it didn't make much of an impression
01:43:37
however, now Alexander had
01:43:39
a legitimate reason to declare your
01:43:41
claims to own all of Asia in addition
01:43:45
the Macedonian king apparently himself
01:43:47
started to believe
01:43:49
own divine origin
01:43:53
returning to Egypt from a trip to
01:43:56
to the oracle Alexander
01:43:57
reorganized the administration of the province so
01:44:00
so that the authorities are
01:44:02
divided as much as possible between
01:44:03
numerous governors
01:44:06
commanders
01:44:07
and garrison commanders as
01:44:10
he kept the pharaoh for the Egyptians
01:44:12
management of individual areas, however
01:44:15
control over border regions and
01:44:17
finances left to the Greeks and make
01:44:20
domains a in Memphis and Pelusium a
01:44:23
Macedonian garrisons were located
01:44:27
bloodless submission of Egypt recognition
01:44:30
Macedonian king son of the god Amon
01:44:33
the foundation of Alexandria these are the things
01:44:36
which consolidated Macedonian dominance
01:44:39
in the Mediterranean and gave the opportunity
01:44:41
Alexander, who was at the zenith of his glory
01:44:44
and the power to continue the march to the east
01:44:48
the heart of the Persian kingdom to
01:44:51
finally resolve the dispute over power over
01:44:54
Asia back when Alexander was in
01:45:04
Dates Darius tried to make peace with
01:45:06
Alexander in his first letter
01:45:09
to the Macedonian conqueror and asked
01:45:13
Alexandra to let his mother wife go and
01:45:15
children for ransom and also offered an alliance
01:45:19
in addition, the Persian king reminded
01:45:22
Alexander what exactly Macedonia is not
01:45:24
violated the peace and caused a lot to the Persians
01:45:27
evil and Darius had to defend the earth
01:45:30
inherited from ancestors throughout
01:45:35
Apparently the letter struck Alexander
01:45:37
arrogance and wrote arrogantly and
01:45:42
bypassing the king only himself and advising
01:45:45
Alexander should be content with one
01:45:47
Macedonia this manner led
01:45:50
Alexandra is furious
01:45:52
according to another version, Darius offered for his
01:45:55
family is not redeemed for land in Asia Minor
01:45:58
however, Alexander's appetite for this
01:46:01
moment have increased significantly therefore at
01:46:04
meeting with his associates
01:46:05
Alexander kept silent about Darius’s proposal
01:46:10
be that as it may, on the Persian letter
01:46:14
Tsar Alexander responded with a sharp refusal, he
01:46:17
accused Daria of inciting war Volodya
01:46:20
and also in unfair treatment
01:46:23
to his subjects
01:46:24
to get your family back dory
01:46:27
had to come to Alexander to admit
01:46:30
him as your master and take his place in
01:46:33
circle of courtiers such conditions for the king
01:46:36
kings were absolutely unacceptable and
01:46:39
negotiations have stalled
01:46:42
soon, however, Alexander received a new one
01:46:46
a letter from Daria, he promised the Macedonian
01:46:48
to the king as a ransom for his family
01:46:51
ten thousand talents of silver and besides
01:46:54
that Asia Minor Syria Phoenicia Palestine
01:46:59
Egypt and the hand of one of his daughters
01:47:03
having received such a generous offer
01:47:05
Alexander again
01:47:07
called his companions to a council as
01:47:11
ancient sources report parmenion
01:47:13
stated that if he were Alexander Tu
01:47:17
would accept Darius' terms and end the war
01:47:20
Alexander replied to this that if he
01:47:23
If I had a couple for the minions, I would have done that
01:47:26
but he is Alexander and will act
01:47:29
differently in the response message
01:47:33
The Macedonian king informed Daria that he was not
01:47:36
needs his money and lands
01:47:38
since all of Asia already belongs to him
01:47:41
alone and if he wants to marry
01:47:45
daughter Daria will do it without
01:47:47
permission of the Persian ruler
01:47:50
Alexander again commanded Daria himself
01:47:53
appear promptly
01:47:55
Having received such a message, Darius realized that
01:47:58
diplomatic options have been exhausted and
01:48:01
began to intensively prepare for a new round
01:48:03
military operations
01:48:10
[music]
01:48:12
the Persian king was not mistaken in his intentions
01:48:15
Alexandra
01:48:16
leaving Egypt in the summer of 331 Greek
01:48:20
the Macedonian army really
01:48:22
moved towards Syria and through
01:48:24
reached pop for a while
01:48:27
located on the Euphrates River crossing
01:48:31
located near the village
01:48:33
guarded 6 1000 Persian detachment under
01:48:36
command of the satrap of Mesopotamia and
01:48:38
babylonia ointments hearing about the approach
01:48:41
Alexandra Mazi and hastened to retreat and
01:48:45
began to destroy the territory on
01:48:47
eastern bank of the Euphrates
01:48:48
there is no one at the satrap crossing itself
01:48:51
left so Alexander quite easily
01:48:54
crossed a water barrier
01:48:58
Ephrat
01:48:59
Alexander did not go directly to Babylon but
01:49:02
moved with the northern route
01:49:04
near mountain ranges apparently
01:49:07
the local climate was less tiring for
01:49:10
Alexander's warriors
01:49:11
and it was easier to get food
01:49:14
besides, Alexander suspected that the Tories
01:49:16
has already gathered a serious army and
01:49:18
an arrow intends to attack him
01:49:21
however, elected by the Macedonian king
01:49:23
the route also had its drawbacks
01:49:27
the army had to cross
01:49:28
another large river tiger however
01:49:31
crossing the tiger, as it turned out, too
01:49:34
was not guarded by anyone and when one of
01:49:37
Persian reconnaissance troops
01:49:39
approached the site of the Macedonian Greek
01:49:41
Alexander's troops have already completed
01:49:43
crossing the river
01:49:45
taking with him a detachment of Macedonian hetayrs
01:49:48
the king quickly defeated the Persian horsemen
01:49:51
I learned from the prisoners that Dory had a huge
01:49:54
the army was located very close
01:49:57
gain woof ha little
01:50:00
however, before Alexander could
01:50:03
move towards the enemy together
01:50:05
with his warriors
01:50:06
witnessed a lunar eclipse because
01:50:11
in ancient times indulged in similar events
01:50:13
great sacred meaning
01:50:15
the Greeks and Macedonians were frightened by the ominous
01:50:18
an omen
01:50:20
Egyptian priests saved the situation
01:50:23
which
01:50:24
calmed the army by interpreting the eclipses as
01:50:27
a good sign foretelling doom
01:50:30
to the Persians after a while
01:50:33
restoring discipline in its ranks
01:50:35
warriors Alexander advanced against Daria
01:50:51
September 331 Greek Macedonian
01:50:54
the army approached Gaugamela and occupied
01:50:57
defensive position on the hill opposite
01:50:59
Persian army
01:51:01
the king of kings took into account his two-year-old mistakes
01:51:05
old and well prepared for the new
01:51:08
collision with the enemy using
01:51:11
the inexhaustible resources of his dory empire
01:51:15
was able to gather a large army in
01:51:18
which included as residents
01:51:19
satrapies controlled by him and
01:51:22
representatives of Persian allied tribes
01:51:25
total number of Persian troops
01:51:27
ancient sources again greatly overestimate
01:51:30
indicate numbers from 200 thousand to one
01:51:34
million soldiers under the command
01:51:37
Daria
01:51:38
most likely the actual numbers were
01:51:40
significantly lower than about 100 thousand infantry
01:51:44
and 15,000 cavalry
01:51:48
the Greeks who opposed them were Macedonian
01:51:50
army under the command of Alexander that
01:51:52
moment consisted of 40 thousand infantry and
01:51:55
8 thousand horsemen
01:51:58
wanting to take advantage of my
01:52:02
numerical advantage
01:52:03
dory and chose as the battle site
01:52:06
a wide plain on which the Persian
01:52:08
the army could potentially surround and
01:52:11
destroy
01:52:12
a small enemy in addition
01:52:16
further ordered to level as best as possible
01:52:19
area to make it more convenient
01:52:22
for the use of 200 sickles
01:52:24
chariots that were supposed to sow
01:52:27
chaos in the ranks of the enemy infantry
01:52:31
Alexander and his commanders are wonderful
01:52:34
understood the consequences that promised for
01:52:37
them battles with the Persians in the open field
01:52:40
according to the chronicler at the military council
01:52:42
in Alexander's tent
01:52:44
Armenian spoke in favor of a night attack
01:52:47
however, the king refused, saying that he did not
01:52:51
is going to steal victory from Alexander
01:52:55
there were other reasons to refuse
01:52:57
he couldn't fight a night battle in the dark
01:53:01
apply your tactical skills
01:53:03
but to engage with a numerically superior
01:53:05
opponent in battle I hope only for luck
01:53:08
it was unwise to finish cooking
01:53:13
Alexander retired to his tent
01:53:15
can you believe the source talking about
01:53:18
serious concern that he
01:53:20
experienced in the upcoming battle was decided
01:53:23
the question of power over the Middle East and
01:53:25
most likely about his life after all
01:53:29
Alexander Zass, well, it’s so strong that on
01:53:32
the next morning it was with great difficulty
01:53:34
were able to wake up Parmenion himself came to
01:53:38
him in the tent with reproaches
01:53:39
either in loss of vigor or in
01:53:41
overconfidence
01:53:43
Alexander replied that now that Darius
01:53:46
agreed to take the fight there is nothing to fear
01:53:50
when the Greek Macedonian army began
01:53:53
walk down the hill to take position
01:53:55
the Persians ears were built fearing
01:53:59
night attack
01:54:00
Dori kept his army in the air all night
01:54:03
battle formations
01:54:04
that greatly tired his warriors
01:54:07
the most combat-ready infantry 10,000th
01:54:10
squad of immortals and Greek mercenaries
01:54:13
he placed in the center of the formation however
01:54:17
main force of the Persian army
01:54:19
consisted of cavalry cavalry from
01:54:22
internal Persian regions along with
01:54:24
The king's personal guard were concentrated in
01:54:27
the king placed the center on the left flank
01:54:30
tank 3 cypher and skiffs under command
01:54:32
satrap
01:54:33
Bactria demon and on the right horsemen from
01:54:37
Syria and Mesopotamia under the command
01:54:39
Asia
01:54:40
200 took their positions in front of the line
01:54:43
chariots that were supposed to open
01:54:45
Numerous battles for Darius
01:54:48
Persian infantry took up positions
01:54:50
behind the main forces, trying to make it difficult
01:54:55
Darius delivering flank attacks
01:54:58
Alexander positioned his army under
01:55:00
at a slight angle to the enemy
01:55:02
on the right side of the phalanx of the guitar table
01:55:06
and he himself brought command over them
01:55:09
Alexander Allied and Thessalian a
01:55:12
cavalry under the command of Parmenion
01:55:14
located on the left wing
01:55:16
in addition, the king strengthened his flanks
01:55:19
detachments of light infantry and behind
01:55:22
placed another line of allied and
01:55:25
hired infantry she had to hold back
01:55:29
Persians if they break through to the rear
01:55:33
the Persian army stood much more
01:55:35
on a broad front, however, the Macedonian king
01:55:38
did not give up his
01:55:40
favorite technique
01:55:41
cavalry attacks on the right flank in this
01:55:45
once the king led his horsemen several times
01:55:48
moving away from the main forces
01:55:51
tank 3 tions Scythians concentrated we give on
01:55:55
this flank
01:55:56
began to repeat Alexander's maneuver with
01:55:59
watching what was happening in amazement
01:56:01
dory and after some time gave the order
01:56:03
stop further progress
01:56:05
Alexandra and on the right flank it began
01:56:08
bloody cavalry battle
01:56:11
Macedonian horsemen had a hard time
01:56:14
Scythians protected by armor turned out to be
01:56:17
them a worthy adversary Macedonian
01:56:20
the king threw squadrons into battle one after another
01:56:23
to others, however, cavalry
01:56:25
Ares only held back the onslaught of the hetaira in
01:56:30
this moment the king of Persia sent into battle
01:56:32
his sickle but dreams and chariot despite
01:56:35
on your ominous
01:56:37
range and terrifying appearance towards the end
01:56:40
fourth century BC chariot
01:56:42
have long been outdated and all the peoples of the eastern
01:56:46
Mediterranean
01:56:47
knew how to resist them and that’s what happened in
01:56:51
Battle of Gaugamela Macedonian
01:56:54
the infantrymen simply opened their ranks and
01:56:57
missed the chariot hitting the horses
01:57:00
charioteers with long spears while
01:57:03
light infantry
01:57:04
threw darts at some
01:57:08
the chariots managed to overcome the first
01:57:10
infantry line but they were subsequently
01:57:13
surrounded and immobilized by reserve
01:57:16
parts of Alexander while make tribute they
01:57:21
fought with the chariots of Darius satrap Mazai
01:57:23
at the head of the Persian cavalry of the right
01:57:25
the flank was hit in parts by Parmenion
01:57:28
to an experienced Macedonian military leader
01:57:31
previously had to withstand the onslaught
01:57:34
superior in strength to the enemy
01:57:36
however, this time the situation was much more
01:57:39
worse ointments could displace the minion's steam and
01:57:43
in the formed between fees persons and
01:57:46
galloped through the gap in a phalanx
01:57:48
Indian contingents they did not
01:57:52
attempts to attack the phalanx from the rear and
01:57:54
rushed across the entire field towards
01:57:56
the Macedonian camp, however, were quickly
01:57:59
parried by units
01:58:00
from 2nd reserve line Alexander
01:58:03
at the same time the ointment continued to press
01:58:05
wrote cypher and parmenion feeling
01:58:08
sent a threat hanging over his flanks
01:58:11
messenger to Alexander
01:58:12
asking for help at this time
01:58:17
on the right flank are Macedonian horsemen
01:58:19
began to prevail over bacteria and
01:58:21
Scythians wanting to hold back the onslaught of Alexander
01:58:25
dory sent in support of his left
01:58:28
flank located in the center squads
01:58:30
Persian cavalry decision of the king
01:58:33
turned out to be fatal for him when
01:58:36
the Persian horsemen abandoned their
01:58:38
positions and moved to help tank 3 there
01:58:41
in the middle of its construction a
01:58:44
weak
01:58:46
Alexander goes there immediately
01:58:49
delivered his decisive blow
01:58:51
taking several squadrons of cavalry from
01:58:54
right flank he swept in front
01:58:56
the advancing phalanx of Toms dragging them into
01:58:59
attack on the very center of the Persian
01:59:01
building to where he himself was located
01:59:05
Darius is around the king at this moment
01:59:08
only his personal guard and
01:59:11
a few Greek mercenaries
01:59:13
because Macedonian guitars are knee-high
01:59:16
crashed into permitted Persian
01:59:18
well aware of the danger that threatened him
01:59:23
Darius did the same as with the essay I
01:59:27
fled from the battlefield and set an example for his
01:59:31
the army meanwhile resisted the Persians
01:59:34
on the right flank was finally broken and
01:59:37
guitars rushed in pursuit of the rescuer
01:59:40
Messi by the Persians
01:59:41
apparently at this moment before
01:59:44
Alexandra got a messenger from a pair of minions
01:59:46
who has so far fought off
01:59:48
the pressing horsemen of the ointment from behind the clouds
01:59:52
dust that had risen by that moment over
01:59:55
battlefield
01:59:56
The satrap did not know about the escape for a long time
01:59:59
the rest of the Persian army
02:00:02
however, having received news of what was happening
02:00:05
the onslaught of the ointment has lost its pressure
02:00:08
the horsemen hastened to leave the battlefield to
02:00:11
the moment Alexander came to
02:00:14
revenue couples menu but main
02:00:16
already passed Leitz's office and heroically
02:00:19
withstood the onslaught of the Persian cavalry
02:00:22
they themselves took active action
02:00:25
stepping on the heels of a fleeing enemy
02:00:29
Battle of Gaugamela
02:00:31
became the greatest military success
02:00:34
Alexandra
02:00:35
taking non-standard tactical
02:00:38
solutions he managed to beat his head numerically
02:00:42
superior enemy in an open field
02:00:45
the only thing that Alexandra doesn't
02:00:47
it turned out to capture the Persian
02:00:50
the king's chariot and Macedonian weapons
02:00:54
the war then discovered the Persian camp
02:00:59
set the actual loss level
02:01:01
in the Battle of Gaugamela it is extremely difficult
02:01:05
according to ancient sources Alexander
02:01:08
lost only 100 people in the battle but
02:01:11
however, the truth is one thousand horses from
02:01:15
of which half belonged to Hitler
02:01:17
damage to the Persian side is expressed in
02:01:20
hundreds of thousands
02:01:22
such embellishments say not so much
02:01:25
the magnitude of the losses themselves, how much value
02:01:28
battle
02:01:29
[music]
02:01:36
really the effect of the battle at
02:01:39
Gaugamelah turned out so
02:01:42
stunning that after her power
02:01:45
Achaemenids practically ceased
02:01:47
exist darius 3 manifested
02:01:50
amazing weakness of spirit abandoned his
02:01:53
army when a threat arose
02:01:56
security although the outcome of the battle was
02:01:59
the moment was not yet clear, fleeing from
02:02:02
Persian Macedonians pursuing him
02:02:05
the king fled, accompanied by media and personal
02:02:08
guard and tank traits of
02:02:09
understanding what to protect from Alexander
02:02:12
the central regions of his power he has already
02:02:15
was unable to
02:02:16
in return, Darius planned to raise
02:02:19
the fight against the conqueror of distant satrapies and
02:02:22
turn the tide of events in your favor
02:02:27
after gargamel in the middle east
02:02:29
there is only one ruler left
02:02:31
and Lord Alexander and when on
02:02:35
meeting of the army he was proclaimed
02:02:37
the king of Asia was only a statement
02:02:40
the accomplished factor is nothing
02:02:44
blocked his path to the most important center
02:02:46
Achaemenid power to Babylon
02:02:49
from ties besides the Greek Macedonian
02:02:53
the army was getting closer and closer
02:02:55
key point of the ancient eastern campaign
02:02:59
capital of the Persian Empire, Persepolis
02:03:11
[music]
02:03:18
in October 331 BC news a
02:03:22
brilliant victory of the Macedonian king
02:03:24
Alexandra jumped to you Allah spread
02:03:26
throughout the Persian Empire
02:03:29
Daria 3's army scattered and fled
02:03:33
across numerous provinces there is no time
02:03:36
powerful Achaemenid power
02:03:38
crumbled before our eyes
02:03:42
hoped to raise a new army to
02:03:44
recapture lost lands and restore
02:03:47
former greatness is just a chance for success
02:03:50
he had almost no left
02:03:52
Alexander's turn after the battle
02:03:55
rushed at the head of his army to the south
02:03:58
to where in the fertile lands there is an interfluve
02:04:01
administrative centers were located
02:04:04
Persian Empire Babylon and Susa
02:04:09
Babylon represented Alexander's wars
02:04:11
a fabulous city immersed in luxury
02:04:15
Macedonians and we Greeks who believed that in
02:04:18
Babylon will greet them as liberators
02:04:20
from the Persian yoke I could not wait to see
02:04:22
the ancient city with your own eyes and although
02:04:26
Alexander ordered out of caution
02:04:28
his army to move towards Babylon in
02:04:30
order of battle
02:04:31
his fears were in vain
02:04:33
the townspeople did not even think of resisting
02:04:36
to the victorious Persian commander
02:04:41
satrap of ointments who until recently
02:04:42
fought against Alexander at the Battle of
02:04:45
gaugamelah
02:04:46
left the city and announced that he was surrendering
02:04:49
the city itself publishes a solemn
02:04:53
entry of the Greek Macedonian army
02:04:55
Babylon immediately took the form
02:04:57
triumphal procession
02:04:59
at the head of which followed on a chariot
02:05:02
Alexander himself
02:05:03
the street along which the Greek Macedonian
02:05:05
the army entered Babylon were covered
02:05:08
flowers and wreaths
02:05:10
she placed silver along them
02:05:12
the altars produced you smoking crowds
02:05:15
jubilant townspeople gathered at the serfs
02:05:18
walls and streets of the city
02:05:20
welcomes the Tsar-Liberator however
02:05:23
the townspeople not only rejoiced at the fall
02:05:25
the power of the Achaemenids was important to them
02:05:28
gain the favor of the new
02:05:30
lords and maintain Babylon's status as
02:05:33
the largest shopping center of the time
02:05:36
world legend of the fabulous luxury of Babylon
02:05:41
were known to the Greeks since the fifth century
02:05:44
but what Alexander and him saw
02:05:47
soldiers
02:05:48
beyond all imagination
02:05:51
huge walls more than 20 meters high
02:05:54
gates covered with tiles and decorated
02:05:58
magnificent images of lions and bulls
02:06:01
palaces and temples of unprecedented architecture
02:06:04
wide passage and elegant embankment
02:06:07
Ephrata
02:06:08
and a stone bridge connecting
02:06:10
right bank part of the city with
02:06:12
left bank
02:06:13
fortress late steve 6 over the city
02:06:17
all kinds of luxury and all kinds
02:06:19
Babylon was remembered as such pleasures
02:06:22
Alexander's warriors Alexander's residence
02:06:27
became a fortified palace complex
02:06:30
located near the main entrance to the city
02:06:33
Alexander spent 34 years here at Ishtar Gate
02:06:37
days engaged in the reorganization of the army and
02:06:40
formation of a new administrative
02:06:43
structures in Babylon wanting to win over
02:06:46
Alexander brought himself Babylonian priests
02:06:49
Marduk's sacrifices to the local supreme
02:06:51
deity
02:06:52
in addition, Alexander commanded
02:06:55
restore the temple of Marduk which
02:06:57
a century and a half ago it was destroyed by the Persians
02:07:00
during the unsuccessful Babylonian revolt
02:07:03
local priests also did not remain in debt
02:07:07
and they proclaimed Alexander king
02:07:09
Babylon and the four countries thereby
02:07:12
confirming his claims to world
02:07:14
dominance
02:07:15
regarding the control system
02:07:18
Babylon and those around
02:07:19
lands Alexander acted in his
02:07:22
in the usual style sought to conclude an alliance
02:07:25
from the local Mazai aristocracy
02:07:28
satrap Velo did not retain his post and
02:07:31
I even got permission from Alexander
02:07:34
mint coins with your image
02:07:36
from Babylon the Macedonian king headed
02:07:39
to another administrative center
02:07:42
Persian power
02:07:44
with a mustache a month before to capture the sus and
02:07:49
the main thing is the treasuries located there
02:07:52
a small detachment was sent at the head
02:07:54
with filok hay while Greek Macedonian
02:07:57
the army was resting from military affairs in Avilon
02:08:00
the commander successfully occupied the ancient capital and
02:08:03
lama
02:08:04
already on the road from Babylon to Susa
02:08:06
Alexander was met by the local satrap
02:08:09
health bullet, which included
02:08:12
12 elephants from India Suzakh Alexander
02:08:16
went to the treasures named after giving 50 thousand
02:08:20
talents of silver 9 thousand talents of gold
02:08:23
as well as valuable fabrics worth five
02:08:26
does not count the king's thousand talents
02:08:28
property
02:08:30
also in Susa were discovered by Greek
02:08:33
statues of the tyrant killers Carmody and Aristo
02:08:35
concrete
02:08:36
which were taken from Athens back in
02:08:39
during the Greco-Persian wars Alexander
02:08:42
ordered the statues to be returned to Greece
02:08:44
which once again confirmed his
02:08:47
commitment
02:08:48
the Corinthian League as well as the ointments of Babylon
02:08:51
local satrap bullit retained his
02:08:54
post and power judge not however Alexander
02:08:58
did not stay long in Suza from the ritual
02:09:01
capital of the Achaemenid Empire city
02:09:03
Persepolis was separated by several weeks
02:09:06
ways
02:09:13
however, it was impossible to get to Persepolis
02:09:16
that's just the way to think about the pier
02:09:18
the Japanese king was blocked
02:09:20
loading and the city you understand what he needs
02:09:23
should reach the pier as quickly as possible
02:09:25
fields until Darius had time to use
02:09:27
treasures stored there
02:09:29
Alexander led his wax directly
02:09:31
through the high mountain passes at the end
02:09:34
fourth century BC these wild
02:09:36
the places were inhabited by tribes in the xiv
02:09:39
which we were never able to finally
02:09:42
conquer the Persians for passage through their lands
02:09:45
bitten charged a fee to those passing by
02:09:48
Alexander they demanded the same amount
02:09:51
how much did the Achaemenids pay them before?
02:09:54
it was the middle of winter when
02:09:57
in ancient times there were no military operations
02:09:59
however, it will satisfy the demands of the mountaineers
02:10:02
thereby recognizing their independence for
02:10:04
Macedonian king was unacceptable
02:10:08
pretending he agrees
02:10:11
pay
02:10:12
axiom for the passage Alexander told them that
02:10:15
they won’t get what they want at the passes, however
02:10:18
with this the Macedonian king only distracted
02:10:20
attention of the mountaineers at night he is with a detachment
02:10:23
bodyguards hippo lists from more
02:10:26
eight thousand warriors left the camp and
02:10:29
moved to the mountains at the same time he sent
02:10:32
squad under the command of Crater
02:10:34
take a dominant position in roundabout ways
02:10:36
Alexander himself is high above the path
02:10:39
led by local guides towards dawn
02:10:41
went to the villages
02:10:43
at xiv where he committed the massacre but it was
02:10:48
just the beginning
02:10:50
having ravaged the villages of the mountaineers, he did not lose a single
02:10:52
minutes hurried to that pass where xy
02:10:55
and planned to charge Alexander
02:10:57
per pass
02:10:58
the appearance of the Macedonians was so
02:11:00
unexpected that the highlanders did not accept the battle and
02:11:03
took flight, many of them fell
02:11:06
into the abyss
02:11:07
the rest were intercepted by the warriors of the crater in
02:11:10
after all alexander
02:11:12
allowed UK 76 on his land however
02:11:15
the mountaineers had to pay tribute to their ears
02:11:18
were supposed to deliver hundreds annually
02:11:20
horses
02:11:21
500 pack animals and 30 thousand sheep
02:11:25
such was the punishment for disobedience
02:11:28
Alexander
02:11:33
however, a successful transition through the lands of xiv
02:11:37
did not mean the end of the test for the Greek
02:11:39
Macedonian troops in the loading mountains
02:11:42
trying to achieve as quickly as possible
02:11:45
Persepolis Alexander isolated from his
02:11:47
troops of Macedonian infantry cavalry and
02:11:50
light skirmishers
02:11:51
and rushed with them ahead of the rest
02:11:54
parts and a burden under the command of parmenion
02:11:56
ordered to move to Persepolis, southern more
02:11:59
in a safe way
02:12:08
in January 330, troops under the command
02:12:11
Alexandra approached at an accelerated march
02:12:14
mountain gorge through which ran
02:12:16
way to persepolis
02:12:18
due to its strategic location
02:12:20
The gorges received the name Persian
02:12:23
gate and was a great place for
02:12:26
organizing an ambush at the bottleneck
02:12:29
winding road through the Persian Gate
02:12:32
it was no more than 2 meters wide however
02:12:35
Alexander wasn't worried about
02:12:37
possible troubles on the way to
02:12:39
the enemy had no Persepolis anywhere
02:12:42
apparently the commander even stopped
02:12:44
send scouts ahead in one
02:12:48
moment the road turned sharply
02:12:50
southeast and Macedonian column
02:12:53
ran into an insurmountable stone wall
02:12:55
blocked the way forward
02:12:58
it was this moment that the Persian was waiting for
02:13:01
command of the satrap pier to area bar
02:13:03
for on
02:13:04
they rained down stones on the Macedonians
02:13:07
arrows and boulders rolled into the gorge
02:13:10
cut off the Macedonian parts from each other
02:13:12
followed by the Persians on both sides
02:13:15
rushed to the Macedonians in hope
02:13:17
It's so easy to crush the invaders
02:13:19
trapped
02:13:21
Oreo bar zan remained faithful I give to the third
02:13:24
and prepared well for the arrival
02:13:27
uninvited guests
02:13:28
he planned if not to end it
02:13:30
Alexander then as long as possible
02:13:32
keep him in the download mountains of topics
02:13:35
We will provide Daria with the opportunity for
02:13:37
collection
02:13:38
but in army meanwhile the situation in the gorges
02:13:43
things were heating up
02:13:45
magicians tribute they managed to organize a resistance
02:13:48
rushing at them from all sides
02:13:50
the Persians, however, Alexander became
02:13:52
it is clear that it was necessary to get out of the trap as much as possible
02:13:55
leave quickly ordered retreat
02:13:59
Macedonian king under a hail of stones and arrows
02:14:01
led his army back to the entrance to
02:14:03
gorge
02:14:04
the retreat of the Macedonians was so difficult
02:14:07
that they left their own on the battlefield
02:14:09
fallen comrades in the Greek world is
02:14:13
was considered unacceptable and especially
02:14:15
disgraceful for a military leader
02:14:17
be that as it may, the events in the gorge became
02:14:21
serious tactical miscalculation
02:14:23
Alexandra, the king's carelessness led to
02:14:26
serious losses among the Macedonian
02:14:28
warriors and his reputation as invincible
02:14:31
the commander was shaken, Alexander was
02:14:35
forced to camp at five
02:14:37
kilometers from the gorge a month later
02:14:40
waiting for a lucky coincidence
02:14:43
rescued the Macedonian king and came to him
02:14:46
a local shepherd who knew well
02:14:48
area and offered to lead the Macedonians
02:14:51
by the ring road under the cover of darkness
02:14:54
Alexandra left his camp and
02:14:57
head of lightly armed horsemen go
02:14:59
after sleeping he followed the shepherd
02:15:02
the remaining units in the camp he again
02:15:05
instructed the crater to begin the assault
02:15:07
gorge then when he hears the conditional
02:15:10
signal overcoming a difficult detour
02:15:14
through deep snow through a gorge and also
02:15:17
defeating 3 guard posts along the way
02:15:20
Alexander the Persians attacked at dawn
02:15:23
Russian camp which turned out to be perfect
02:15:26
surprise for the area bar behind on
02:15:29
at the same time the roar of trumpets gave a sign
02:15:32
to the rest of the army under the crater
02:15:34
this paul of people to storm the stone
02:15:37
the Persian's barriers were between two
02:15:39
lights and fled before they could
02:15:42
even join the fight
02:15:44
everywhere, however, Putin was cut off from
02:15:48
Alexander pressed on one side and on the other
02:15:50
the soldiers of the crater pressed
02:15:52
so many Persians ran to their
02:15:55
to the camp
02:15:56
but he was already in the hands of the Macedonians
02:15:59
Alexander foreseeing how everything will happen
02:16:02
left here
02:16:03
Ptolemy s4 1000 infantry units so
02:16:07
most of the Persians fell directly into the hands
02:16:09
Macedonians and others were killed
02:16:12
died while hiding in a stampede
02:16:15
from steep cliffs
02:16:17
Ale Bar Zant himself died heroically
02:16:19
fighting in the gorge
02:16:21
although some sources indicate that
02:16:24
the satrap managed to escape to the mountains
02:16:26
the road to Persepolis was finally open
02:16:30
for Alexander
02:16:33
[music]
02:16:38
persepolis are located in the depths of the perseid
02:16:41
was a rich and populous city
02:16:44
who played a special role in the Achaemenid power
02:16:46
role it was one of the Achaemenid capitals
02:16:49
powers and both dynastic and ritual
02:16:52
center
02:16:53
the city itself and not far from it
02:16:56
there were tombs of the Persian kings
02:16:58
on the terrace built by order of dory 1
02:17:01
their palace towered huge multi-
02:17:05
building columns with luxurious decorative
02:17:08
decoration and bas-reliefs emphasizing
02:17:11
greatness and power of the Persian kings with
02:17:14
scenes of their palace life with
02:17:16
endless lines of warriors
02:17:18
court slaves all this was supposed to
02:17:21
make a strong impression on the Greeks
02:17:24
and Macedonians accustomed to harsh simplicity
02:17:27
Alexander arrived in time for his temples and dwellings
02:17:32
in the city during
02:17:33
the treasuries of the Persian kings remained
02:17:35
untouched by that time
02:17:37
the total value of the wealth that
02:17:40
the Macedonian king took possession of Persepolis
02:17:42
equaled astronomical 120 thousand
02:17:46
talents later in nearby
02:17:49
pasar years the Macedonians discovered
02:17:52
six thousand for keeping the treasury in
02:17:55
Alexander left integrity to the local
02:17:57
mayor of teredo there is his post
02:18:00
however, ordinary townspeople are much luckier
02:18:03
less on the same day as the Greek Macedonian
02:18:06
the army entered the city along the entire pier
02:18:08
a wave of looting and violence swept across the field
02:18:11
and murders the name of the Persian capital
02:18:15
which was translated from Greek
02:18:16
literally like the city of the Persians firmly
02:18:19
was associated among Alexander's warriors with
02:18:21
devastation of Istria
02:18:23
Denmark my that fell upon Hellas in
02:18:25
era of the Greco-Persian wars
02:18:28
now in the heart is the power of the Achaemenids
02:18:30
the Greeks and Macedonians they received
02:18:33
the opportunity to take revenge on the Persians in full
02:18:38
Diodorus described the robbery of Persepolis
02:18:41
The Sicilian city was the richest
02:18:45
of all that exist under the sun and
02:18:47
private houses have existed since ancient times
02:18:50
overflowing with wealth
02:18:52
the Macedonians rushed in killing all the men
02:18:55
and there was a lot of property then
02:18:58
no less silver than gold was taken away
02:19:01
many luxurious clothes were looted
02:19:04
decorated with sea purple or
02:19:06
awards became gold patterns
02:19:09
huge winners all over the world
02:19:12
the famous palace was given to
02:19:14
mockery
02:19:15
and the complete destruction of women in their
02:19:19
jewelry was taken away by force and turned into
02:19:22
feet and slaves
02:19:23
that's how Persepolis is
02:19:27
surpassed other cities in prosperity
02:19:30
so surpassed them in misfortune
02:19:35
Macedonian army 4 months rule in
02:19:38
persepolis
02:19:39
During this time, the magicians and the Greeks managed to
02:19:42
completely plunder the ancient city and
02:19:45
in the end they indulged in feasting and drunkenness
02:19:47
and the same applied to Alexander and his
02:19:50
companions during one of the drinking sessions before
02:19:53
of Ptolemy's mistress
02:19:56
one of Alexander's commanders
02:19:57
proposed to the Macedonian the goal of destroying
02:20:00
palace of the Persian kings Makeda not them
02:20:03
were so drunk that they rushed
02:20:05
set fire to an ancient building
02:20:08
the only one who tried to dissuade
02:20:10
Alexandra from this idea was Parmenion
02:20:13
advice to the king not to destroy lice
02:20:16
own property but experienced
02:20:19
no one even listened to the commander
02:20:21
a cheerful crowd singing songs to the sounds
02:20:24
flute pipes
02:20:26
the feasters moved towards the palace first
02:20:29
the torch Alexander himself follows him
02:20:32
threw something from the Macedonian warriors I think
02:20:35
that the building caught fire, they came running by accident
02:20:38
put out the fire but seeing the king give ki
02:20:41
fire more and more new torch and ourselves
02:20:43
they started doing it too, happy
02:20:46
the Macedonians naively believed that death
02:20:49
the palace of the Persian kings marks
02:20:52
the end of the war and the imminent return to
02:20:54
having sobered up his homeland, Alexander repented of
02:20:58
his actions
02:20:59
but it was already too late for the wooden part
02:21:02
the ceilings quickly burned and collapsed
02:21:04
the roof completed the death of the palace
02:21:07
complex having taken possession of the treasury
02:21:11
Achaemenids
02:21:12
Alexander began to shower his
02:21:14
those close to him with generous gifts parmenion
02:21:18
he allocated the house of the former eunuch Daria 3
02:21:20
I have a bug in which only clothes were found on
02:21:24
Alexander did not spare a thousand talents
02:21:27
attention of ordinary soldiers once
02:21:30
seeing how the soldier was dragging with all his might
02:21:32
a heavy bag of gold he cheered him up
02:21:35
in words alone it's all to yourself
02:21:38
The king sent part of the treasures to Greece
02:21:41
his mother
02:21:42
as well as the military leader Antipater
02:21:45
fought with the rebellious Spartans
02:21:49
the fall of Persepolis was the culmination
02:21:51
campaign of the Greeks and Macedonians to the east
02:21:54
whose purpose was revenge on the Persians for
02:21:57
tragic events of the Greco-Persian
02:21:59
wars in Alexander's life opened
02:22:02
new page
02:22:04
transforming him from a Macedonian king into
02:22:07
eastern lord successor to the Achaemenids
02:22:15
[music]
02:22:24
those few months that have passed since
02:22:27
Battle of Gaugamela
02:22:29
before the capture of Persepolis were probably the most
02:22:32
happy period in a short life
02:22:35
Alexander the Great
02:22:37
in 330 BC the king turned
02:22:41
only 26 years old and he has already managed to crush
02:22:45
a powerful chemical empire and
02:22:47
take possession of her untold riches
02:22:50
many Macedonians did not hope that
02:22:53
this campaign will end and they will triumph
02:22:56
get back in tune
02:22:57
however, for Alexander, who threatened
02:23:00
world domination
02:23:01
1 Asia was not enough after 4 months
02:23:06
Alexander's army stays in Persepolis
02:23:08
resumed its movement in depth
02:23:10
Persian possessions at the moment when
02:23:16
Greek left the Macedonian army
02:23:18
Persepolis Dori the third was in the capital
02:23:21
copper and kbo tones
02:23:24
here the king had the opportunity to receive
02:23:26
report on enemy actions and
02:23:29
to gather a new army
02:23:31
however, resist Alexander Dory
02:23:34
I was no longer able to when yes ok badan
02:23:37
news arrived about the approach of the Macedonians at
02:23:40
only 40 thousand Persians remained and
02:23:43
4,000 Greek mercenaries
02:23:46
dignitaries and nobles of the Persian Empire
02:23:48
en masse fled to Alexander
02:23:51
afraid to be on the losing side
02:23:55
finally Darius was forced to leave
02:23:58
like batan and and head in your
02:24:00
distant provinces
02:24:01
Sogdiana and tank 3
02:24:04
a huge royal column that included
02:24:06
carts with royal equipment and
02:24:08
concubines
02:24:09
slowly moved towards the Caspian
02:24:12
the gates of the pass opened for the journey from
02:24:15
Persia Alexander needed Central Asia
02:24:20
only 12 days to reach the midi borders
02:24:23
web tones he met no resistance
02:24:27
like in other cities the population
02:24:30
humbly recognized the power of the victorious
02:24:32
catch the commander Daria in both tones
02:24:36
the Macedonian king failed
02:24:38
however, before continuing the chase
02:24:41
Alexander accepted several important
02:24:43
decisions, first of all, he allowed
02:24:47
return home physalis kim
02:24:49
horsemen and the rest of the Greek
02:24:51
to the allies this act was of great importance
02:24:54
symbolic meaning
02:24:56
from now on, Alexander waged war not like
02:24:59
hegemon of the Hellenic League as king
02:25:02
Asia, however, many of the Greeks preferred
02:25:06
stay in the army as mercenaries
02:25:09
Moreover, Alexander wants to turn them
02:25:12
Batanov is a major administrative center
02:25:15
Parmenion ordered to gather here all
02:25:17
previously captured prey for the sake of this
02:25:21
parmenion but had to stay in the middle
02:25:23
and his place in the army was taken by a proven
02:25:26
Alexander Krator's comrade-in-arms having completed his
02:25:30
affairs in 2 tones Alexander rushed into
02:25:33
the pursuit of those escaping by the Persian king
02:25:38
Over time, Dario's position became increasingly
02:25:40
more hopeless in the end the village
02:25:44
sphere
02:25:45
military leader Daria set zan and also
02:25:48
satrap of bactria without conspiring
02:25:51
against the king and with the help of other nobles
02:25:54
deprived of his power and soon his life
02:25:58
they threw Darius' body on the road where it was
02:26:02
Alexander discovered those who arrived in time
02:26:05
he ordered Darius to be buried according to
02:26:08
in a royal ceremony, giving away what was due
02:26:11
kudos to him
02:26:13
Duck Alexander tried
02:26:15
demonstrate to the Persians
02:26:16
aristocrats their respect for their
02:26:19
traditions and the desire to become worthy
02:26:23
Daria's successor
02:26:24
the king's efforts brought results
02:26:27
most Persian nobles
02:26:29
really recognized
02:26:31
Alexandra as his master with death
02:26:36
Daria political situation in the region
02:26:38
has changed noticeably now having confirmed its
02:26:42
power over asia
02:26:43
Alexander had to pacify those peoples
02:26:46
who did not want to recognize him as theirs
02:26:49
Mr.
02:26:50
one of the centers of resistance has formed
02:26:53
in Bactria and and satrap without one of
02:26:56
participants in the conspiracy against Daria
02:26:58
proclaimed himself king of the Persians and
02:27:01
took the name of Artaxerxes 5
02:27:05
but before heading into possession
02:27:07
treacherous satrap Alexander
02:27:10
overtook the Greek mercenaries earlier
02:27:12
served in Daria, many of them fought
02:27:16
against the Macedonian in the battles of Thou and
02:27:18
gavgamelakh however Alexander treated
02:27:21
they are not as gentle as those who were hired to
02:27:25
to the Persians even before the start of the eastern campaign
02:27:27
he allowed him to return to his homeland
02:27:30
took the rest into his service along the way
02:27:35
into a bacterium
02:27:36
Alexander decided to conquer also
02:27:39
Ariana Grande and Arah Osyu are local
02:27:43
the residents warmly received the king and even began to
02:27:46
giving him everything he needs
02:27:48
then the Macedonian army followed
02:27:51
the north barely crossed the passes in
02:27:54
Hindu Kush and finally entered the bacterium
02:28:04
in the fall of 330, even when the army was marching along
02:28:08
vastness ariana
02:28:09
Alexander first encountered
02:28:12
conspiracy against him
02:28:14
reasons for discontent like nobles
02:28:17
Macedonians had this with ordinary soldiers
02:28:20
plenty for many of them to hike
02:28:23
lost his goal of revenge for those scolded
02:28:26
Volodya's shrines were accomplished and the loot
02:28:29
wealth exceeded any reasonable
02:28:31
Limits for ordinary warriors perspective
02:28:35
settle in another Alexandria
02:28:37
founded by a king at the end of the world is not at all
02:28:40
glad they were eager to return home
02:28:42
the king's courtiers too to their families
02:28:45
have lost the taste for conquest, preferring
02:28:48
military affairs feasts and drinking bouts
02:28:51
moreover, Alexander more and more
02:28:54
distanced himself from his comrades among
02:28:57
Macedonian aristocracy
02:28:58
took a strong position at his court
02:29:01
Persians
02:29:02
which irritated the Macedonian even more
02:29:05
know accustomed to feel
02:29:07
a separate ruling elite to
02:29:11
make a favorable impression on
02:29:13
his Persian subjects Alexander
02:29:15
started behaving differently
02:29:18
dressed in Persian clothes and began
02:29:21
gradually introduce lush Persian
02:29:23
the king now accepted the ceremony
02:29:27
visitors in a luxurious tent sitting
02:29:29
on a golden throne and the tent itself was surrounded
02:29:33
With three rings of guards, times have passed
02:29:36
when Alexander's companions could
02:29:38
come to him at any time and spend
02:29:41
time for friendly conversation
02:29:43
now they had to ask
02:29:45
audience
02:29:46
and participate in a humiliating reception
02:29:50
many Macedonian aristocrats
02:29:53
pointedly refused to comply
02:29:55
eastern customs like the Macedonians
02:29:59
protested when the king wanted
02:30:01
introduce low throws at your court
02:30:04
bow greeting
02:30:07
however, there were those who planned to end
02:30:11
the king is apparently one of the leaders
02:30:14
there was a conspiracy
02:30:15
the pilot's son Parmenion and close friend
02:30:18
Alexandra after Alexander
02:30:21
learned about the impending assassination attempt
02:30:23
he tortured the pilot and then executed him
02:30:26
as a precaution
02:30:29
Alexander sent batan and assassins to them and
02:30:32
hood to a minion who never recognized
02:30:36
why did he get angry
02:30:38
king later
02:30:41
Alexander during another drinking session
02:30:43
actually manually killed someone who saved
02:30:46
his life in the battle at the border of the cause
02:30:50
served as reproaches from [ __ ] and that
02:30:52
that Alexander is increasingly turning into
02:30:55
Persian
02:30:56
in fact, the further the Macedonian went
02:30:59
the army to the east the larger the king
02:31:02
turned into a tyrant
02:31:09
[music]
02:31:11
329 marked the conquest
02:31:13
Alexander Bactria
02:31:15
at first the local population did not provide
02:31:18
Macedonian king of resistance
02:31:20
Alexander easily took the largest
02:31:23
cod and city tank and placed there
02:31:25
garrison local aristocrats even
02:31:28
tried to curry favor with
02:31:30
Alexander they grabbed the demon and left
02:31:34
him by the road naked in chains and with a dog
02:31:37
collar sources diverge into
02:31:41
information about further fate without and he
02:31:43
either died on the spot or was hanged there
02:31:46
where dory 3 died or was sent to nerds
02:31:49
and beheaded anyway his death
02:31:53
became edifying such a fate awaited
02:31:57
everyone who dares to challenge
02:32:00
Alexandra, however, issuance without and not
02:32:04
stopped Alexander and he was in charge
02:32:06
his army moved further
02:32:08
Sogdiana local population originally
02:32:12
hoped to secure a wide
02:32:14
autonomy in Alexander's empire but soon
02:32:17
realized the futility of her hopes
02:32:20
every now and then between make a tribute to us and
02:32:23
there were clashes between the spotlights, although major ones
02:32:26
cities, like in Bactria, surrendered without
02:32:28
resistance
02:32:30
aware of the fragility of their power in
02:32:33
Sogdians Alexander decided to found on
02:32:35
northeastern edge of his kingdom
02:32:38
a new city named
02:32:40
Alexandria
02:32:41
askhat
02:32:42
distant Alexandria he settled there
02:32:46
Greek mercenaries unfit for service
02:32:49
Macedonians and surrounding Sogdians in this
02:32:54
time behind Alexander's lines
02:32:55
a real uprising broke out tank 3
02:32:58
cypher and Sogdians who are even larger
02:33:01
complicated due to the activity of the Sakas
02:33:03
Scythian nomadic people who lived
02:33:06
then in Central Asia in response Alexander
02:33:09
used harsh force methods and
02:33:12
literally covered the bacteria with blood and
02:33:14
Sogdiana
02:33:15
local residents responded accordingly
02:33:18
slaughtering Macedonian garrisons in
02:33:21
conquered cities and commits daring
02:33:23
attacks on Macedonian troops
02:33:27
in one of these skirmishes that took place on
02:33:29
river polyment of a Sogdian nobleman with
02:33:32
pitami but succeeded with the help of Scythians on
02:33:35
smash head 4 1000 Macedonian
02:33:37
the building was the first significant
02:33:40
defeat of the Macedonians for the entire seven years
02:33:43
company and Alexander
02:33:45
wanting to preserve his reputation
02:33:47
invincible commander under threat
02:33:50
death forbade survivors to talk about
02:33:53
Omen was sleeping in the battle but could not
02:33:57
enjoy the fruits of your victory and
02:33:59
was soon killed by the Scythians who feared
02:34:02
Alexander's place
02:34:05
big problem for macedonian
02:34:07
also represented a mountain fortress
02:34:10
served as strongholds for
02:34:12
rebels
02:34:14
one of the fortresses was named
02:34:17
Sogdian rock
02:34:18
was located on a steep cliff and seemed
02:34:21
so unapproachable that when
02:34:24
Alexander suggested that the children surrender
02:34:26
they just laughed at him and suggested
02:34:30
look for soldiers with wings so that they
02:34:32
were able to take their stronghold
02:34:34
Alexander sent three hundred to storm the rock
02:34:38
warriors who already had climbing experience, they
02:34:42
provided themselves with iron hooks and
02:34:44
ropes and at night began to climb
02:34:47
steep wall clinging to cracks in
02:34:50
rock or crash into ice makeda nanny
02:34:53
pulled each other up after losing 30
02:34:57
man climber reached dawn
02:34:59
peaks and amazed Sogdians immediately
02:35:03
laid down their weapons in a similar way Alexander
02:35:06
was able to master
02:35:07
and another impregnable rock fortress
02:35:10
measles yen
02:35:12
but despite Alexander's military successes
02:35:15
his final and reconciliation with the local
02:35:18
aristocracy
02:35:19
happened only with marriage
02:35:22
between the Macedonian king and Roxana
02:35:24
daughter of a local nobleman
02:35:27
fighting in Bactria finally
02:35:29
stopped in three hundred and twenty-seven
02:35:32
Alexander was able to pay attention to
02:35:35
the last unconquered part of the state
02:35:37
Achaemenids
02:35:38
possession of the Persian kings in India
02:35:42
crossing the Hindu Kush for the second time
02:35:45
The Macedonian army fought through
02:35:47
lands
02:35:48
about saved by eos oceans and after difficult
02:35:51
river crossings
02:35:52
India reached the possessions of the Indian king
02:35:55
so power the real name of this raj was
02:35:59
amp kia
02:36:00
however, the Macedonians are extremely vague
02:36:02
imagined India so
02:36:04
got the king's name mixed up
02:36:06
with the name of the city where he spent
02:36:09
thus gave strength to Alexander and his army
02:36:12
a warm welcome which, however, was not
02:36:15
devoid of political considerations
02:36:17
at that time the pressure was so strong
02:36:20
its rivals in the region and especially
02:36:23
the king who ruled on the other side
02:36:26
spa guide
02:36:27
I never intended to become a subject
02:36:31
Alexander and opposed him with
02:36:34
army
02:36:35
clashes between the two leaders became
02:36:38
inevitable
02:36:39
[music]
02:36:48
I decided to give make tribute to us a fight on
02:36:52
the borders of their possessions near the river de dust
02:36:55
it was midsummer 326
02:36:59
the aegis of the spa was a powerful stream
02:37:02
force which was not an easy task
02:37:05
besides, since its numerous
02:37:07
Macedonia blocked everything for us with an army
02:37:11
crossings across the river and the ones he had
02:37:14
war elephants struck fear into the warriors
02:37:17
Alexandra
02:37:19
quite difficult to establish the exact
02:37:22
the size of the army commanded since then
02:37:26
considered to be a hyde spa
02:37:28
he brought about thirty thousand infantry to
02:37:31
4 thousand cavalry a hundred elephants and about
02:37:35
500 light chariots strength
02:37:39
Macedonian troops are estimated at 30
02:37:42
thousand infantry and 10 thousand horsemen in
02:37:46
open field Alexander
02:37:47
it would be easy to deal with the army of steam, however
02:37:51
this time
02:37:52
the opponents were separated by a wide river
02:37:55
and Alexander had to show considerable
02:37:58
resourcefulness to break
02:38:00
the Indians who opposed them
02:38:03
immediately after organizing the camp Alexander
02:38:06
began to send his horsemen along the river
02:38:10
the Indians repeated the movement of the Macedonians
02:38:13
horse riding to prevent
02:38:15
unexpected enemy crossing
02:38:17
every time we throw it, they seem to
02:38:20
found a good place to cross the pores
02:38:23
closed it with large forces
02:38:26
such maneuvers continued for
02:38:28
several weeks and pretty tired
02:38:31
Indians and Makeda are nannies
02:38:34
never tried to switch to
02:38:36
the other side so pay attention to the couple
02:38:39
noticeably dulled this moment and waited
02:38:43
Alexander on his orders
02:38:45
Macedonian masters prepared a flotilla
02:38:47
rafts and small 30 strong galleys and
02:38:51
placed them upstream of the spa guide
02:38:54
where they were hidden from observers
02:38:57
it was time to cross the river
02:39:01
take place at night in a strict environment
02:39:04
secrecy after dark
02:39:07
Alexander at the head of the mixed
02:39:10
formation which included detachments
02:39:12
hetayrov
02:39:13
mounted archers, Indian foot archers
02:39:16
and half a phalanx
02:39:17
left the camp in the direction of the place
02:39:20
where the remaining flotilla was prepared
02:39:24
in the camp the king entrusted troops to the crater
02:39:26
whom he ordered to strike directly at
02:39:29
bora if he leads his people away from the crossing
02:39:33
elephants
02:39:35
Alexander's detachment moved north to
02:39:38
absolute silence at some distance
02:39:41
from the river that night to the Macedonian king
02:39:44
I was lucky with the weather, it was strong
02:39:47
a thunderstorm with rain that allowed the warriors
02:39:50
Alexandra reach the rafts
02:39:52
unnoticed the crossing was carried out in
02:39:56
3 stages
02:39:57
apparently the river flotilla could not
02:40:00
transfer all warriors at once when
02:40:03
the next morning the thunderstorm subsided Alexander already
02:40:06
lined up his ranks in battle formations on
02:40:09
the other side gendos forward
02:40:12
Alexander advanced his horsemen
02:40:14
horse archers walked next to them
02:40:17
troops of foot riflemen Macedonian king
02:40:20
mixed with cavalry
02:40:21
and placed the phalanx behind you, go get some sleep
02:40:24
becoming
02:40:25
in this form Alexander led his
02:40:28
warriors to the camp about time and when did he learn about
02:40:33
crossing the Macedonian he at first did not
02:40:35
believed the report right across the river
02:40:38
he saw the Macedonian camp where it seemed
02:40:41
there would be no changes
02:40:44
however, he still sent a small
02:40:47
a detachment of two thousand horsemen and 150
02:40:50
chariots under the command of his son
02:40:52
check how serious it was
02:40:55
the threat to his army is only this detachment
02:40:58
he collided with the forces of Alexander
02:41:01
suffered immediate defeat and the young
02:41:04
the king's son died in one of the skirmishes
02:41:07
to whom the incident was reported
02:41:10
realized that Alexander had outwitted him and
02:41:14
decisively led his army north
02:41:17
to give battle by crossing the noise river
02:41:20
to the enemy
02:41:21
at the crossing he left a small detachment with
02:41:25
several elephants to prevent
02:41:27
crater hit him in the rear in the front
02:41:31
the lines of his army have since been positioned
02:41:34
war elephants
02:41:35
who were supposed to break through the ranks
02:41:37
Macedonian phalanx following the elephants
02:41:40
his numerous infantry moved
02:41:42
contingent on its flanks
02:41:45
deployed cavalry units and
02:41:48
he was losing badly to the chariot
02:41:51
Alexander in the number of cavalry
02:41:53
however, on his side was
02:41:55
advantage in infantry units battle
02:42:00
opened by Alexander
02:42:01
sending horse archers to fire
02:42:04
the Indian chariot they represented
02:42:07
are vulnerable targets, so I decided
02:42:11
cover them from the front
02:42:13
them cavalry contingent me however
02:42:16
even before the Indians had time
02:42:18
rebuild Alexander Paul in a decisive attack
02:42:21
Hetaira located on the right flank
02:42:24
and attacked the Indians before they
02:42:27
turned into battle formations trying to
02:42:32
help your left flank and
02:42:34
simultaneously tie Alexander up in combat
02:42:37
ordered his rider located
02:42:39
on the right flank to gallop through everything
02:42:42
field and hit the guitars
02:42:45
this was noticed by one of the cavalry
02:42:48
commanders Alexandra Ken
02:42:50
taking with him a squadron of Macedonian
02:42:52
riders he galloped them
02:42:55
diagonally planning to hit the rear
02:42:57
the Indians needed quite a lot
02:43:01
time to readjust so have
02:43:04
Ken managed to intercept them
02:43:06
approaching Alexander's riders
02:43:09
Ken's small squad
02:43:10
could not hold off the cavalry for long
02:43:13
Bora, but he came to his aid himself
02:43:15
Alexander had by that time dealt with
02:43:19
left flank
02:43:20
Indians realizing that the battle had begun
02:43:25
not at all according to plan
02:43:26
now he has moved forward his main trump card
02:43:29
war elephants
02:43:32
despite the fact that I wasn't allowed in
02:43:34
they have a lot of arrows and massive darts
02:43:37
animals cut into the ranks of the phalanx
02:43:39
elephants sweeping away everything in their path
02:43:42
trampled people, pierced them with tusks and
02:43:46
broke ridges with trunks
02:43:48
acting with great efficiency force
02:43:51
received by them in military training
02:43:54
simultaneously running from the left flank
02:43:57
the Indian cavalry turned around and
02:43:59
attacked Alexander and his hetayrs
02:44:02
at this moment the battlefield looked
02:44:05
the most chaotic events occurred in the center
02:44:09
cavalry battle while on both
02:44:12
sides of him
02:44:13
Macedonia we had a hard time
02:44:15
It’s time to hold back the onslaught of elephants
02:44:20
the stability of the Macedonian order gave about
02:44:23
know for yourself by restoring how much it is
02:44:26
it was possible to form a phalanx you section
02:44:30
elephants with their long spears
02:44:32
while lightly armed infantrymen
02:44:35
many of the elephants were targeted by the mahouts
02:44:39
mad with pain and losing control
02:44:42
turned 180 degrees and
02:44:45
they've already started trampling
02:44:47
Indian order taking the initiative on
02:44:50
battlefield Macedonian phalanx moved
02:44:53
forward
02:44:54
destroying all resistance at home
02:44:57
ways
02:44:59
having finally exhausted all its potential and
02:45:02
having suffered significant losses, the army steam
02:45:06
almost completely fled
02:45:09
many Indians strived to get to
02:45:12
my camp, but even here I met with failure
02:45:16
the warriors of the crater have already crossed the hydath
02:45:19
and intercepted the fugitives at this time
02:45:23
sitting on an elephant still continued
02:45:26
Alexander directed him to fight like this
02:45:30
the power to persuade the Indian king
02:45:33
lay down his arms, however, he drove away his
02:45:36
sworn enemy away by threatening him
02:45:39
in the end it was time to force the spear
02:45:42
descend to the ground and he appeared before
02:45:45
Alexander
02:45:46
amazed by the courage of the Indian king
02:45:51
as reported by ancient sources of the battle
02:45:54
Three thousand were killed on the Indian side
02:45:57
horsemen and 20 thousand infantry
02:46:00
Alexander's losses were much lower
02:46:04
280 horsemen and 700 infantry throughout
02:46:08
visible only Macedonian losses
02:46:11
This at least somehow reflects reality
02:46:22
after the battle with the guide, sleep Alexander
02:46:24
resumed march to the east
02:46:27
conquering the café tribes that opposed him
02:46:30
iv he led the Macedonian army to the river
02:46:33
give a ses intending to cross it
02:46:36
and invade
02:46:38
already in the central regions of India, however,
02:46:42
soldiers on the river bank
02:46:43
completely exhausted and prolonged
02:46:46
campaigns and were in fear of
02:46:48
countless armies with thousands of fighting
02:46:52
elephants demanded to stop Alexander
02:46:56
waited for several days while the soldiers
02:46:58
calm down and you can continue
02:47:01
conquest
02:47:02
however, they showed an unprecedented tribute
02:47:05
durability
02:47:06
to the king of Asia who destroyed everyone
02:47:10
had opponents on my way
02:47:12
to obey the army turned around and
02:47:15
went back ahead of the Macedonians
02:47:19
It was a long, dangerous journey
02:47:23
back to Babylonia
02:47:25
[music]
02:47:34
[music]
02:47:38
in three hundred and twenty-six BC
02:47:40
era alexander the great
02:47:43
for several years with those around
02:47:45
powerful Achaemenid empire
02:47:48
and never suffered a single defeat
02:47:51
was ready to continue his trek
02:47:54
lands of India
02:47:56
however, on the river bank gif asis
02:47:58
Macedonian warriors
02:48:00
refused to follow the king and
02:48:02
even demanded to return home
02:48:06
the bravest
02:48:08
from the Macedonians to continue the march to
02:48:10
unknown lands was a serious blow
02:48:13
for the victorious commander precisely on
02:48:17
shore give a si sa he finally realized
02:48:19
what about his dream of world domination?
02:48:22
will have to finally part ways
02:48:26
joyful exclamations of soldiers Alexander gave
02:48:29
order to turn back to Babylonia
02:48:34
return the same way
02:48:37
Macedonia they arrived in India for
02:48:39
Alexandra was unacceptable
02:48:42
instead, the king led his soldiers to
02:48:45
south to conquer new ones along the way
02:48:47
tribes and triumphantly enter Babylon
02:48:50
to the winners
02:48:52
I was already waiting for the guide to sleep on the Macedonians
02:48:54
flotilla prepared for sailing
02:48:57
the river was commanded by a non-arch naval commander
02:49:01
which, along with the crater, became one of
02:49:04
the king's closest assistants
02:49:06
part of Alexander’s soldiers settled down on
02:49:09
galleys
02:49:10
and the rest moved along will not give
02:49:13
The march of the Macedonian army began on foot
02:49:16
what kind of tribute she made at first they didn't
02:49:21
encountered serious obstacles
02:49:22
tribes living along the banks of the spa guide or
02:49:25
submitted at the sight of the Macedonian army
02:49:28
or ran away after small
02:49:31
clashes, however, at the merger of the spa guide and oxide
02:49:35
a lot of trouble awaited the flotilla
02:49:39
ships got caught in a whirlpool and
02:49:41
and were damaged so that the arch
02:49:44
moored to the shore and began repairs
02:49:46
Alexander's job because of this
02:49:50
it's time to conquer
02:49:51
downstream land
02:49:54
malov of one of the local Indian tribes
02:49:59
little and made a tribute to us persistent
02:50:01
resistance
02:50:02
so Alexander had to take
02:50:04
stormed most local fortresses
02:50:07
however, for his warriors who had for
02:50:10
shoulders many years of experience Assad no
02:50:13
fortifications were no longer a barrier
02:50:15
capturing several settlements and defeating
02:50:18
Malov on the shore hydra to make tribute not
02:50:21
approached their capital of the true
02:50:23
the name of which is not preserved
02:50:27
during the assault, Alexander along with three
02:50:30
bodyguards
02:50:31
1 climbed the wall but the ladder is behind
02:50:35
they collapsed while we throw them
02:50:38
tried to come to the aid of the king
02:50:40
he was wounded in the chest by an arrow and lost
02:50:43
a lot of blood eventually broke into the city
02:50:47
make a tribute they discovered Alexander at
02:50:49
death and only skillfully removing the arrow
02:50:53
from the wound allowed him to survive, however
02:50:57
this did not protect the mals themselves from retribution
02:51:00
when a rumor spread through the army about
02:51:02
possible death of the king of Macedonia they
02:51:05
exterminated the entire population of the city
02:51:09
leaving no one alive after some time
02:51:14
sailing time resumed no
02:51:17
there are no more new companies in India
02:51:19
planned he needed time to
02:51:21
recover from serious injury yes
02:51:24
and the Indians themselves, at the sight of the Macedonian
02:51:27
the troops preferred to scatter
02:51:30
Having reached the endo delta, Alexander spent
02:51:33
several months the ceiling is like summer
02:51:36
trade winds prevented the fleet from entering the ocean as
02:51:40
only in September 325 was it established
02:51:44
favorable weather for sailing
02:51:46
Alexander divided his troops into three
02:51:49
part of the fleet was not yet to reach
02:51:52
babylonia moving along the shore
02:51:55
Alexander commanded the crater with its parts
02:51:58
go in your pocket by the northern route
02:52:01
through the arach awn and dredge she and himself
02:52:04
Macedonian king
02:52:05
spoke with his soldiers directly to
02:52:08
direction pierce the
02:52:12
the path chosen by Alexander turned out to be
02:52:15
not at all easy for the Macedonian army
02:52:18
had to overcome the desert that carried
02:52:20
name hip sia
02:52:22
legend says that once the king of the Persians
02:52:26
Cyrus the Great lost his army here
02:52:29
the more majestic
02:52:32
Alexander's feat should have looked like
02:52:34
about to cross
02:52:37
arid lands hydra si moving through
02:52:40
sandy wastelands in which there is almost no
02:52:43
there was no fresh water or food
02:52:45
make tribute did not undergo serious
02:52:48
solutions are no less dangerous
02:52:50
represented to them torrential rains
02:52:53
brought by the monsoons
02:52:55
during one of these rains, a stream near
02:52:58
which the halt was made came out
02:53:00
shores
02:53:01
resulting in the death of many
02:53:04
Alexander the Macedonians, however, endured those
02:53:07
the same suffering
02:53:09
and his warriors as the ancients report
02:53:12
sources at a glance
02:53:14
magicians tribute they found a small
02:53:16
luscious stagnant and bad water without
02:53:20
having collected labor and and they poured it into water in
02:53:23
the helmet was brought and the king took it to Alexander
02:53:26
thanked those who brought her and poured out the water
02:53:30
wishing in front of everyone
02:53:32
demonstrate your unity with
02:53:34
conventional wars finally Macedonian
02:53:38
army reached puro capital hydra si
02:53:42
where convoys with drinking water were already waiting for her
02:53:45
water and food crossing
02:53:48
hydra this, which took the lives of many warriors
02:53:51
Alexandra ended and the army rested
02:53:54
in the pores moved in your pocket
02:53:58
in his pocket, Alexander was finally able to pay
02:54:01
attention to internal problems in
02:54:03
giant empire came to the king
02:54:06
embassy from the Persians and Medes
02:54:10
robbed and oppressed
02:54:11
governors left by Alexander
02:54:13
oleander counted and hera con
02:54:17
earlier precisely and not by order of Alexander
02:54:20
committed the murder of Parmenion and now
02:54:24
Ironically, the king's wrath fell
02:54:28
and all three commanders were on them
02:54:32
executed by connecting to the crater body
02:54:37
and having restored the connection, they paid not a lot
02:54:39
Alexander moved further west
02:54:42
visiting on the way
02:54:44
Persepolis was defeated and crushed
02:54:47
over the fate of Sazonov im Palace Alexander
02:54:50
finally arrived in susa happened here
02:54:53
reprisal against another governor
02:54:56
bullets to which Alexander earlier
02:54:59
retained his position
02:55:01
and the bullet was guilty of not
02:55:03
prepared for the Macedonian army
02:55:05
enough food for that he
02:55:09
finally paid with his life Macedonian
02:55:13
the army reached Babylon in which
02:55:15
Alexander entered again in triumph
02:55:20
the eastern campaign is over
02:55:22
Alexander now had to rally
02:55:25
the peoples he conquered into a single whole
02:55:28
[music]
02:55:35
the method I decided to use
02:55:38
Alexander to consolidate his empire
02:55:41
turned out to be quite unusual back in Susa
02:55:45
he arranged a grand wedding
02:55:47
celebration by his order 10,000
02:55:50
Macedonian warriors
02:55:51
married Persian Koch all new
02:55:55
married couples received generous gifts from the king
02:55:58
gifts new policy of Alexander
02:56:01
also extended to
02:56:04
aristocratic circles in the ceremony
02:56:06
those closest to Alexander took part
02:56:09
People hyphen theon crater Ptolemy select
02:56:13
Nearchus and others
02:56:16
Alexander himself is already married to Roxana
02:56:19
married to 100 Terra
02:56:21
daughter Daria 3 and also give a couple Sati
02:56:25
daughter of one of Daria's predecessors
02:56:29
Artaxerxes 3 Alexander's plan was
02:56:35
quite simple having become related to the royal
02:56:38
home of the Achaemenids
02:56:39
he became the successor to Dory 3 and
02:56:42
the legitimacy of his power was ensured
02:56:45
not only strength weapons but also
02:56:47
dynastic ties regarding
02:56:50
aristocracy
02:56:52
marriage ceremony contributed to the merger
02:56:54
Macedonian and Persian nobility and as well
02:56:57
reduced the degree of mutual mistrust between
02:56:59
them and finally the Persian married soldiers
02:57:04
Alexander should have created new
02:57:06
people who would appear and realize
02:57:10
themselves at the same time as Persians and
02:57:12
Macedonians
02:57:16
the Macedonians, however, were not at all happy
02:57:18
the aspiration of his king in the future
02:57:22
many of Alexander's followers
02:57:24
dissolved their marriage with Persian Komi
02:57:27
ordinary soldiers considered marriage
02:57:30
ceremonies
02:57:31
as another step in the transformation of Alexandrov
02:57:34
Persian barbarian according to their ideas
02:57:38
the situation is even worse on the military channel
02:57:41
transformation of the king
02:57:42
souza to him profit from 30 thousand
02:57:45
Persian youths trained in
02:57:48
Macedonian model Alexander not only
02:57:51
enlisted them in the army but also included children
02:57:54
Persian aristocrats on foot
02:57:57
guard where do the magicians get some sleep?
02:58:01
Alexander's action has been caused before
02:58:04
fermentation in the mass of soldiers
02:58:06
however, this time and dissatisfaction
02:58:08
burst out when the army was staying
02:58:12
in the office Alexander made a decision
02:58:14
send home the Macedonians who
02:58:17
old age or due to illness no longer
02:58:20
fit for military service
02:58:22
the soldiers, however, perceived the king’s step as
02:58:25
another attempt to push the Macedonians back
02:58:28
background and under a plausible pretext
02:58:31
remove dissatisfied people from the army
02:58:34
mocking cries were heard that
02:58:37
let Alexander fire them all and fight
02:58:41
with the help of the eastern barbarians and their
02:58:44
father The riot police are beside themselves with anger, Alexander ordered
02:58:49
capture and hang 13 people
02:58:53
he accused of incitement and then
02:58:55
went out to the soldiers and addressed them with
02:58:58
with a speech in it he reproached the soldiers for
02:59:01
ingratitude and reminded them what exactly
02:59:05
thanks to their king they gained
02:59:08
eternal glory and become incredibly rich
02:59:12
Concluding his speech, Alexander ordered the wars
02:59:15
clean up
02:59:16
wherever they want and he retired to the tent
02:59:20
The soldiers, shocked by what they heard, rushed
02:59:23
to him
02:59:24
begging for forgiveness in the end
02:59:27
reconciliation actually took place with
02:59:31
singing sacrifices and mass
02:59:34
feast
02:59:41
in the last months of his life, Alexander
02:59:45
developed plans for further expansion
02:59:48
he was planning to go on a hike
02:59:50
Carthage declared war on it back in
02:59:54
during the siege of Tyre, besides the great
02:59:58
the conqueror planned to conquer the northern
03:00:00
Arabia and also find out which sea
03:00:04
connected the Caspian throughout the empire
03:00:07
intensive work was carried out
03:00:09
troops were recruited and sailors lined up
03:00:12
the shipyards stockpiled food
03:00:15
[music]
03:00:16
however, Alexander was not destined
03:00:19
bring your ideas to life in June 323
03:00:24
years after the next feast
03:00:26
Alexander is apparently sick
03:00:29
pneumonia despite severe
03:00:32
state
03:00:33
Alexander continued to do business
03:00:35
however, every day he became more and more
03:00:38
worse and worse
03:00:40
after 10 days of severe fever on June 13
03:00:45
323 Alexander the Great
03:00:49
unsurpassed victorious commander
03:00:52
conqueror of asia
03:00:53
died in Babylon at the age of 32
03:01:00
Alexander's short life was entirely
03:01:04
dedicated in the course of the Macedonian Greek
03:01:06
troops to the east
03:01:07
which resulted in destruction
03:01:10
Achaemenid Empire and the creation of it
03:01:13
in the ruins of the new power she had to
03:01:17
cover the entire world known to the Greeks from
03:01:20
Atlantic Ocean to the Indus and from
03:01:23
northern Black Sea coast to Ethiopia
03:01:26
Alexander had enough strength to win
03:01:29
the Persian Empire, however, to unite it
03:01:32
population turned out to be an unattainable task
03:01:36
even for him the collapse of the power became
03:01:40
a matter of time the same time
03:01:44
Alexander's activities did not work out
03:01:46
without a trace his campaign created the conditions for
03:01:50
intensive cultural interaction
03:01:52
Greeks and peoples of the East based
03:01:55
which formed a new Hellenistic
03:01:57
civilization in subsequent decades
03:02:00
Eastern Mediterranean art
03:02:03
reached a new level
03:02:05
and Greek culture spread to
03:02:08
vast expanses of Asia Minor and Central
03:02:11
east
03:02:12
India Alexander both during his life and after
03:02:17
death captured the imagination of contemporaries
03:02:20
and descendants by word of mouth from generation to
03:02:24
generations passed down legends about him
03:02:27
extraordinary adventures and
03:02:29
conquest campaigns disputes of the ancients
03:02:32
historians
03:02:33
was emerging more and more clearly internally
03:02:36
contradictory
03:02:38
the unique appearance of this person
03:02:41
outstanding brilliant commander
03:02:43
organizer of victories and strangler of the Greek
03:02:47
freedom and democracy are courageous
03:02:50
invincible warrior knight best
03:02:53
and x and reproach and the bloody executioner is not
03:02:57
stopping before torture and executions
03:03:00
and brutal reprisals against whole
03:03:02
cities, countries and peoples student
03:03:07
Aristotle
03:03:08
a fine connoisseur of literature and art
03:03:10
introducing barbarian cabbage soup to civilization
03:03:13
recklessly and deliberately generous and despot
03:03:18
mercilessly melting everything around
03:03:21
myself
03:03:22
Alexander, who imagines himself to be a god,
03:03:27
had to be present at the breakup
03:03:29
the state he created to protect
03:03:32
royal diadem from his comrades
03:03:36
most of what he did went away
03:03:39
without leaving a visible trace
03:03:41
but the cities he founded remained and are alive
03:03:45
Alexandria
03:03:46
when this is now Iskander in Turkey
03:03:50
Alexandria in Egypt Alexandria in Are
03:03:54
today Herat in Afghanistan
03:03:56
Alexandria from X Tar Khujand in
03:03:59
Tajikistan
03:04:00
not to mention many other cities
03:04:03
which were not destined to become big
03:04:06
the centers besides this remained the desire
03:04:10
to unite humanity and eliminate
03:04:13
ethnic and cultural barriers to what
03:04:16
to the best of my ability and tried to assist
03:04:19
Alexander Alexander
03:04:23
no orders have been made regarding
03:04:25
he did not name the succession to the throne
03:04:28
successor not at least his executor
03:04:32
the will of the death of the great commander became
03:04:36
the border from which it did not begin
03:04:40
the pinnacle process of the collapse of his power
03:04:42
former comrades of Alexander and now his
03:04:46
diode followers he entered into
03:04:49
desperate struggle for the legacy of the great
03:04:51
commander for 40 years, plunging Greece and
03:04:56
East in a series of bloody
03:04:58
feuds and friends if you liked this one
03:05:05
don't forget the documentary
03:05:07
give him a like and subscribe to the channel and
03:05:09
enable notifications of new posts
03:05:11
now you can support us on
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03:05:18
thank you very much for watching and good luck

Description:

Узнайте свой путь в IT профессию: https://clc.am/yeid-Q ⚔️ Поход Александра Македонского на восток стал поистине переломным моментом в истории античного мира, до неузнаваемости преобразив расстановку сил в Восточном Средиземноморье, военное искусство проживавших там народов и их политическую культуру. Проект «Маховик Истории» представляет масштабный документальный фильм, детально и непредвзято повествующий о деяниях легендарного македонского царя. 📝 Источники и литература: Арриан. Анабасис Александра Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописания Шеппард, Р. Александр Великий. Армия, походы, враги Шифман, И.Ш. Александр Македонский Гафуров, Б.Г., Цибукидис, Д.И. Александр Македонский и Восток Cawkwell G. Phillip of Macedon 🚩 Документальный фильм подготовили: Никита Игошин (сценарий, звуки, саундтреки, карты, стилизация, эффекты, монтаж) Георгий Разуваев (озвучка) 🚩 В фильме используются работы иллюстраторов: Joan Francesc Oliveras Pallerols - https://www.artstation.com/jfoliveras Miłek Jakubiec - https://www.artstation.com/milek Sandra Delgado - https://www.artstation.com/sandradelgado Shahriar Shahrabi Farahani - https://www.deviantart.com/ircss Jason Juta - https://www.deviantart.com/jasonjuta Rocío Espín Piñar - https://www.artstation.com/rocioespin Johnny Shumate - https://johnnyshumate.com/ Коммерческие предложения (реклама): [email protected] Некоммерческие предложения: [email protected] 🚩 Социальные сети: Группа ВК ➤ https://vk.com/history_flywheel Twitter ➤ https://twitter.com/historyflywheel YouTube ➤ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeLixjhQNU6cGTNv_ECaooQ 00:00 — Вступление 02:17 — Древняя Греция в V-IV в. до н.э. Реформы и походы Филиппа II 16:52 — Сражение при Херонее 338 г. до н.э. Основание Коринфского союза 26:13 — Александр вторгается в Державу Ахеменидов 42:30 — Битва при Гранике 334 г. до н.э. 51:44 — Покорение Малой Азии 1:06:58 — Битва при Иссе 333 г. до н.э. 1:16:27 — Покорение Финикии 1:22:51 — Осада Тира 333-332 гг. до н.э. 1:39:01 — Александр в Египте и переписка с Дарием 1:50:44 — Битва при Гавгамелах 331 г. до н.э. 2:03:07 — Александр в Вавилоне и Сузах. Покорение уксиев 2:12:04 — Битва при Персидских вратах 330 г. до н.э. Разорение Персеполя 2:22:15 — Погоня за Дарием. Александр в Бактрии 2:36:43 — Битва при Гидаспе 326 г. до н.э. 2:47:34 — Возвращение в Вавилонию. 2:59:36 — Смерть и наследие Александра Великого 🎼 Используемая музыка: Omri Lahav - Peaks of Atlas (0 A.D. OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Actium (Imperator Rome OST) Richard Beddow - Alea Iacta Est (Total War: Rome II OST) Jonatan Järpehag - The Siege (Imperator Rome OST) Andreas Waldetoft - The Persian Army (Crusader Kings II OST) Richard Beddow - Facing The Horde (Total War: Attila OST) Richard Beddow - Marathon (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - The Mighty Shall Fall (Total War: Rome II OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Caesarion (Imperator Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - The Conqueror (Imperator Rome OST) Richard Beddow - The Gods Are Watching (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - Caesar's Legions (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - The Eternal City (Total War: Rome II OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Hero (Imperator Rome OST) Richard Beddow - To Arms (Total War: Attlia OST) Richard Beddow - Dominion Of The Land (Total War: Rome II OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Punic Wars (Imperator Rome OST) Richard Beddow - Veni, Vidi, Vici (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - Cleopatra (Total War: Rome II OST) Andreas Waldetoft - The Byzantine Empire (Crusader Kings 2 OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Civil War (Imperator Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - The Dawn Of Destiny (Imperator Rome OST) Richard Beddow - Mithra's Blessing (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - For The Gods (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - Radiant Sun (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - The Sassanid Empire (Total War: Attlia OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Oceanus (Imperator Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Tyrrenum (Imperator Rome OST) Richard Beddow - Frozen Fields (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - Teutoburg (Total War: Rome II OST) Richard Beddow - Raiders Of The North (Total War: Rome II OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Unsung Heroes (Imperator Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Domine (Imperator Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Silk Road (Imperator Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Nightwatch (Imperator Rome OST) Andreas Waldetoft - Legions of Rome (Europa Universalis: Rome OST) Andreas Waldetoft - Barbarians Approaching (Europa Universalis: Rome OST) Andreas Waldetoft - Elysian Fields (Europa Universalis: Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - The Mediterranean (Imperator Rome OST) Andreas Waldetoft - Citizens (Europa Universalis: Rome OST) Jonatan Järpehag - Affinity (Imperator Rome OST) Epidemic Sound: https://www.epidemicsound.com/campaign/invite-a-creator/?_us=Referral&_usx=6xyq79

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