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Russian
00:00:02
[applause]00:00:05
no matter how deep the crisis the country is experiencing,00:00:08
we can and must achieve a00:00:11
turning point for the better next year,00:00:14
this is what we need: civil and00:00:17
interethnic harmony,00:00:19
responsibility and discipline,00:00:21
conscientious work and humanity in00:00:24
relationships00:00:25
in these last moments of the passing year,00:00:28
I appeal to everyone who has gathered at families00:00:32
all with the words of New Year's greetings may00:00:39
1991 be a feast of harmony and prosperity in00:00:44
every home may we be reborn to a new00:00:48
life our cleansing happy new year dear00:00:52
fellow citizens00:00:54
[music]00:01:01
despite the general deepening00:01:03
crisis in the country at that time still the00:01:05
Soviet Union new year 199100:01:08
Leningraders in For the most part, according to an00:01:10
already established tradition, the hostesses were greeted in a00:01:12
warm family circle in front of the TV,00:01:14
but for the festive table00:01:16
only you can please yourself and your family, even if only for a short time, they00:01:18
manage to00:01:20
get scarce food and all this00:01:23
despite the system of coupons introduced in Leningrad, like00:01:24
everything else locally in the country.00:01:27
cards that were issued00:01:29
according to the number of family members in accordance with00:01:31
established consumption standards per00:01:32
person per month provided their00:01:34
holders with the right, for money, of course, to00:01:36
purchase in state stores a00:01:38
whole range of grocery and consumer00:01:40
goods, the traditional New Year's00:01:42
address of the head of state to his00:01:43
compatriots from the blue00:01:45
TV screens and that moment of Mikhail00:01:47
Sergeevich Gorbachev looked somewhat00:01:49
dry and laconic reasons for optimism00:01:51
against the backdrop of the all-Union crisis and the truth was that everything was00:01:54
accomplished a little in00:01:56
1990 and with it 800:02:03
10 hero00:02:05
of the pleasant surprises of the beginning of the year a new00:02:08
relaxation of state00:02:09
atheist 8 On January 7, the church00:02:12
holiday of the Nativity of Christ was officially for the first time in00:02:14
many years declared a00:02:16
day off since then, the tradition00:02:18
will remain unchanged until the present00:02:20
day, but the ever-increasing fashion for00:02:22
Orthodoxy will gladly be replaced by the00:02:23
entire nomenklatura elite abyss00:02:25
minister of cult will no longer cost00:02:27
almost a single official00:02:28
event, the00:02:30
new00:02:31
year of 1991, which awaited the Leningraders00:02:34
ahead, was destined to become a landmark and a00:02:36
turning point for the residents of not00:02:37
only the northern capital, but today we00:02:40
will talk about a rich series of events and00:02:42
phenomena of that memorable year in the00:02:44
life of this city you are on the YouTube channel00:02:46
sprouts pasta with you men from00:02:48
Syktyvkar and this is the first chapter of our00:02:50
new cycle until the evening in St. Petersburg00:02:54
[music]00:02:57
time you of our time are captured on the00:03:00
screen steel turn00:03:03
[music]00:03:14
and00:03:16
they will kill the00:03:29
Soviet Union from the beginning 91 has been00:03:32
closely tied to the oil game for many years, that00:03:34
is, it is extremely dependent on00:03:35
oil exported abroad after the00:03:37
collapse of world prices for black gold in00:03:39
eighty-six the government is00:03:41
becoming more and more difficult to contain the00:03:43
rapid slide of the domestic00:03:44
economy towards collapse, export revenues are00:03:47
rapidly falling, the depletion of00:03:49
state foreign exchange reserves00:03:50
leads to a reduction in imports on00:03:52
which the country is also already hopelessly00:03:54
dependent, including regarding the import00:03:56
of food from outside the cloud is running out of00:03:59
prospects, no economic00:04:01
shocks affect directly the00:04:03
ordinary people Leningraders already on January 22, a00:04:05
monetary reform is announced in the country, Jonah00:04:08
is called Poplavskaya after the name of the00:04:09
newly appointed Prime Minister00:04:11
Valentin Pavlov by Gorbachev, which led to panic and the00:04:13
loss of a significant part of the savings00:04:15
among the population, money exchange 300:04:18
poor people rushed to save their hard-earned money00:04:21
for a rainy day, how and who to the funeral00:04:25
and already on April 2 will lower prices as00:04:28
a result of which00:04:30
many goods, including00:04:32
food, are imitated three times against the backdrop of general upheaval,00:04:35
more and more rumors are creeping around the city; the00:04:37
means of communication we are used to today are not yet there,00:04:39
so that one of the most massive00:04:40
channels for disseminating information, in addition to00:04:43
traditional television, radio and newspapers,00:04:45
remains live there is no communication in queues, but00:04:48
by the time of00:04:49
the events described, the Soviet citizen had00:04:51
already become accustomed to widespread queues. The commodity00:04:53
shortage reached its peak during the period of00:04:55
Gorbachev's00:04:57
economic restructuring throughout the union. By the last00:04:59
years of the existence of the USSR, the general00:05:01
shortage of products and basic goods00:05:03
reached truly Harrods00:05:05
trophic proportions with the growth of general00:05:08
shortages and the presence of00:05:10
food stamps on hand does not guarantee the00:05:11
purchase of necessary goods in00:05:13
state stores, those goods00:05:15
must first be found in the open00:05:17
sale00:05:18
you are in a great festive mood,00:05:20
just a holiday of soul and body,00:05:23
Don Chin Tambov is in a great mood,00:05:28
I hope it’s not very good00:05:30
and00:05:32
there is no festive mood 11 as if it were a day00:05:36
off,00:05:38
however, with all this, the00:05:41
cash in hand can still be quite legally00:05:42
purchased without any coupons from non-00:05:45
disputing counters in commercial00:05:46
stores, as well as at collective farm and00:05:48
farmer's markets, the prices of products at00:05:50
which skyrocket when we get to the00:05:53
market, we are amazed and indignant00:05:56
astronomical prices, their growth by00:06:00
leaps and bounds for vulnerable00:06:01
categories of citizens,00:06:03
free lunches are provided in regional canteens;00:06:05
however, the promotions are irregular in00:06:07
nature; it comes down to assistance to00:06:10
city residents from enterprising00:06:12
citizens and organizations from Western countries;00:06:14
many of the Leningraders, at least with00:06:16
pleasure, accept such They00:06:19
don’t express any special gratitude to their foreign benefactors for their help.00:06:21
It must be said that there are much more foreign00:06:24
journalists here waiting for this00:06:27
arrival than00:06:29
Soviet journalists. I have the impression that00:06:31
the West itself is much more interested in00:06:33
how it will be able to feed the Soviet00:06:35
Union.00:06:39
Problems have been solved.00:06:42
Leningrad, this box is a gift to the00:06:45
Soviets. to students from soldiers to00:06:48
the interior from NATO, how can you00:06:51
go further down it came, apparently the00:06:53
same package is being sent wherever00:06:56
your Opel is not Zambezi now, so to see all the00:06:59
same, well, where is the urgent need multiplied00:07:02
by the general confusion and disorganization00:07:04
there, alas, the abuse of theft of this00:07:07
very humanitarian aid is most lamias, at least00:07:09
somewhat influential citizens,00:07:11
should have first been distributed00:07:13
to the disabled, but we were given such pieces,00:07:16
pieces of something, this cupcake, these are the00:07:20
eyes for the liver, well, this is all this and all and00:07:23
all only half a sausage00:07:26
half a sausage00:07:28
dear comrades we do00:07:30
n’t see anything porridge side dish they don’t eat00:07:34
they don’t want it and the liver either00:07:36
dried out the liver or the sausages fell apart00:07:39
they got busy here events already at the very00:07:42
beginning of the new year 1991 in the city00:07:45
developed so rapidly that it’s00:07:47
unlikely that anyone else could calmly and soberly00:07:49
look into tomorrow and build00:07:51
some kind of then plans for the very near00:07:52
future, soon, however, with the00:07:55
widespread arrival of clothing markets, as00:07:57
well as the kiosks and stalls filling every empty but00:07:59
passage area in the city,00:08:01
one could forget about the commodity shortage; it00:08:03
would be money, but that’s a completely00:08:05
different story00:08:07
[music]00:08:11
now from there he’ll raise it there that's where the00:08:15
king and bring garrett says00:08:22
to do00:08:26
[music] on00:08:41
Saturday morning, the holiday of00:08:43
Defender of the Fatherland, February 23,00:08:45
1991, the city fire department on duty00:08:48
receives a signal about a00:08:49
fire on the upper floors of the00:08:51
Leningrad hotel; firefighters arrived seven00:08:53
minutes after receiving the message at the00:08:55
scene and are faced with an00:08:56
insoluble problem, the00:08:58
stairs of the firefighting special transport00:09:01
do not reach the upper floors of the building; some of the firefighters go to the00:09:03
upper floors by elevator but find themselves in a00:09:05
death trap; hotel guests00:09:06
fleeing the fire and smoke try to00:09:09
descend from the windows of their rooms on00:09:11
sheets and curtains tied together in ropes,00:09:13
or simply in in desperation00:09:15
they jump down the result for the majority00:09:17
turns out to be disastrous one of the women,00:09:19
however, in desperation, rushed onto the00:09:21
rescue ladder, does not reach her00:09:23
window almost a meter, miraculously escapes later,00:09:26
it turns out that the survivor, famous in the union,00:09:28
actress Marina Vladi, a strong wind00:09:30
blowing from the Neva blows through the hotel,00:09:32
increasing the power of the flames, fighting the00:09:35
fire continues for several hours from00:09:37
the building; nevertheless, it is possible to bring00:09:38
252 people out unharmed;00:09:41
another 36 receive burns and00:09:43
carbon monoxide poisoning; however, 16 people still00:09:46
die; seven of them are00:09:48
hotel guests; the remaining 9; the fire00:09:51
funeral itself for the firefighters who died in the line of00:09:53
duty will be held at the00:09:55
Seraphimovsky cemetery in the city. with00:09:58
the burials will subsequently become the site of00:10:00
traditional mourning00:10:02
rallies by the city Ministry of Emergency Situations on the00:10:05
day of the tragedy on February 23, the version of the causes of00:10:09
the fire was later accepted from the00:10:10
official one, voiced by eyewitnesses00:10:12
right on the spot even while extinguishing the fire,00:10:14
which means you know the reason, yes, but when00:10:17
they lifted it up, it means00:10:19
where is our00:10:22
tray, well, the TV was burning there they00:10:25
wanted to cover it, it exploded and the00:10:27
protection exploded TV in some00:10:29
room, but I don’t know how I don’t have it, but00:10:32
it’s needed somewhere for what brand I don’t know00:10:35
Soviet fatherland,00:10:36
later another unofficial version will appear00:10:39
according to which there is a fire in one of the00:10:41
rooms the hotels could have been set up by the00:10:43
criminals who were closing, thereby00:10:45
following the murder of a journalist committed by them, the00:10:46
remains of whom00:10:48
were later also discovered in the ashes,00:10:50
suspicion would fall in the south as well as the jester, a00:10:52
notorious figure in the city of00:10:54
whose presence we00:10:56
will dwell more than once in the new chapters of our series,00:10:58
this version, however, was not found strong the00:11:00
evidence base, although indirect evidence,00:11:02
as the colleagues of the deceased journalist assured,00:11:04
was more than enough. For00:11:07
some time after the terrible00:11:09
fire, Leningrad will not accept00:11:11
guests, but by the end of the same00:11:14
1991, the hotel will again be open00:11:17
to guests, however, under its new00:11:19
name St. St. Petersburg, is it00:11:25
even possible to consider that this is exactly00:11:28
what you need and the dream, so to speak,00:11:31
has finally come true, and there are00:11:33
normal cars, but these cars00:11:37
are recognized all over the world,00:11:39
for example, the Swedish police have such cars00:11:42
and change them after three years, but as00:11:46
for our reality, this is00:11:48
ours There are cars that are 10 or even00:11:51
twenty years old. Naturally, these cars are00:11:53
on servers and it is00:11:55
simply impossible to detain criminals on them, but with00:11:57
these two Saab cars you have already00:12:00
received, we see that we need to wait for another00:12:02
Turkish company to provide these cars00:12:05
for testing and if we On July 1, if we don’t00:12:08
pay the money, these cars00:12:11
will simply go back to Sweden and we will be left00:12:14
poor again, so here I would like to take this00:12:17
opportunity to contact the city so that anyone who00:12:20
has currency would provide us with this help and00:12:24
then you would be able to not only pay for these two00:12:26
cars but also get out for some00:12:28
significant party,00:12:29
everyone would really benefit from this00:12:33
[music]00:12:40
[applause]00:12:43
[music]00:12:50
0 the00:12:53
revolutionary idea of perestroika the spirit of00:12:56
democracy and glasnost is not just the subject of00:12:59
heated debates of discussions of political00:13:02
hopes, a00:13:03
tool and guarantee of real00:13:06
gains of the new stage of socialism00:13:10
traditional Soviet May Day in00:13:12
Leningrad since 1991, although it was marked by the00:13:14
usual procession of columns of labor00:13:16
collectives on the main avenue of the city,00:13:18
however, was already very different from the00:13:20
May Day celebrations of all00:13:21
previous decades. The00:13:23
slogans of the demonstrators this time were00:13:25
distinguished by bold, decisive00:13:26
economic demands for the authorities to00:13:28
improve life in the country and appeals00:13:31
against the impoverishment of the working people.00:13:33
the events of that spring day took place00:13:36
on the palace floor where, at the call of the00:13:37
Leningrad Federation of Trade Unions, a00:13:39
mass demonstration was organized and a00:13:41
protest meeting00:13:43
gathered in the central square of the city,00:13:45
quite a lot of people gathered, but for a better00:13:47
understanding of the prevailing atmosphere at00:13:49
the event, I suggest you listen to00:13:51
part of the speeches of the speakers themselves00:14:10
today in Leningrad growing children00:14:13
death ditches and for many years there is not enough00:14:18
money to maintain maternity hospitals and00:14:21
hospitals, and in every work00:14:24
collective at every plant it is possible to00:14:27
do so that privatization will go in00:14:29
favor of the work collectives of the anime00:14:31
nomenklatura which today seizes00:14:33
power00:14:50
the last Soviet May Day in00:14:52
Leningrad in a sense00:14:54
finally cast its original meaning of the00:14:55
struggle for economic rights and00:14:57
social guarantees of workers. After the00:15:00
end of the official meeting on the00:15:01
palace square, journalists took00:15:03
to the streets of the city with a camera and microphone and00:15:05
I think that I followed them and we00:15:08
will still be very curious to00:15:09
get acquainted with you, for example, with the abundance of00:15:11
public recipes political and social00:15:13
transformations aimed at improving00:15:15
life in the country proposed by the ordinary00:15:17
Leningrad themselves on the world00:15:19
labor holiday, but since 80 percent of the00:15:21
proletariat of the working class in our00:15:23
country, the USSR, are Slavs, Russians, Ukrainians,00:15:26
Belarusians, we believe that this is our00:15:27
holiday, the Seslavinsky Cathedral movement00:15:30
unites 52 organizations of Russia,00:15:32
Belarus, Ukraine Poland Serbia we00:15:33
believe that the Russians should rule Russia00:15:35
when there will be Russian power in Russia00:15:37
as if the Etruscan people will be in00:15:39
order there will be bread there will be sausage here and00:15:42
as it is now customary to talk about00:15:44
us now, let us note that you fought00:15:48
forged in the event it is not the culprit of the00:15:53
Social Democrats, but I -that the West is not00:15:56
like that, I don’t know, but you don’t know, you’ll find out00:15:58
gradually, well, how is it that00:16:00
Karpov, then Karpov, today you are having tea, our00:16:02
holiday, because on May 1, 1886, an anarchist demonstration00:16:05
was shot in the city of Chicago,00:16:08
there was00:16:09
a strike, they clarify, which was00:16:13
dispersed by and then the participants, not its00:16:15
organizers, were hanged they were00:16:16
anarcho si00:16:17
they were anarcho syndica sheets you who00:16:21
what but I’m an anarchist I can’t say a member of the00:16:24
confederation headphones callists but00:16:25
anarchy is the mother of order what well at the expense of the00:16:28
expense why immediately choose our slogans but00:16:31
in general then we believe that00:16:33
state resistance in any form is always00:16:35
good,00:16:38
in any case, all that depends on me is00:16:42
that the old times do not return to00:16:45
Russia and that we do not have a new dictatorship,00:16:48
I will try to do00:16:51
[music]00:16:55
what are the basic principles of building a00:16:59
rule of law state, the first main ones Of00:17:02
these, this is00:17:04
the protection of human rights in society, and00:17:08
I would also say00:17:12
the equality of rights between man and the state.00:17:15
In May 1991, the Supreme Council of the USSR00:17:19
reformed the structure of00:17:21
governing bodies of Leningrad, by analogy with00:17:23
Moscow, determining the status of the mayor of the city and00:17:25
approving the regulations on his election, elections00:17:27
took place a month later On June 12 of the00:17:30
same 91, simultaneously with the00:17:32
presidential elections of the Russian Federation,00:17:35
Boris Yeltsin won in the elections to00:17:37
elect the mayor of the northern00:17:39
capital; already in the first round of voting, the00:17:42
representative of the anti-communist forces,00:17:44
democrat Anatoly Sobchak, won a landslide victory, leaving far00:17:47
behind his main rival, the00:17:48
Leningrad City Council deputy and general director Allen00:17:51
hydra energy special construction Yuri seminar00:17:53
before which all the00:17:56
leftists of that time tried to rally around Sobchak, during his five-year00:17:58
tenure as mayor of the00:18:00
northern capital, the absolute people's00:18:02
love of the townspeople may not have found, but he00:18:06
definitely played a significant role in the history of the city and today we still know about him00:18:08
remember00:18:14
your mother's gift the water goes down and the crowbar we do00:18:20
n't even take kaid00:18:22
my network or raise teach for youtube00:18:25
networks I raise the network you would have found bim they00:18:27
are holding00:18:29
half a meter00:18:34
this is a problem00:18:36
[music]00:18:40
crow somewhere God sent a piece of00:18:45
cheese a00:18:48
bicycle on a hat climbed up Breakfast scrap00:18:52
was collected from hell when thinking about the00:18:54
weather vane it is necessary to remove the00:19:00
great one left and they think this recipe00:19:02
[music]00:19:05
did not live a point will keep the00:19:08
Peter and Paul Cathedral in the heart of the00:19:09
fortress of the same name in St. Petersburg that in the00:19:11
era of the Tsars and in the Soviet years00:19:13
remained unshakable and such a00:19:15
recognizable element of the ceremonial city00:19:17
panorama a distinctive detail of the cult00:19:19
object, its bell tower with an expressive00:19:21
finial, an outbuilding in the form of an angel with a00:19:24
cross resting on a sphere, by the end of the00:19:26
80s the structure was already significantly worn out by that00:19:28
time and required the00:19:30
immediate intervention of restorers.00:19:32
In the ninety-first, all preparations for00:19:34
work on the ground were ready and steeplejacks set to work. the00:19:39
bell tower of the cathedral at the time of its construction,00:19:41
during the lifetime of the monarch Peter, the00:19:43
tallest building is not rain and in00:19:45
St. Petersburg, which is just beginning00:19:47
to be upset, but throughout Russia,00:19:48
however, problems begin almost immediately00:19:50
after the completion of its construction, the00:19:52
original wooden frame of the spire did not00:19:54
have a lightning rod, which is why it00:19:57
burned twice in As a result of a lightning strike, the00:19:59
previous reconstruction of the cathedral spire00:20:01
with the restoration of its cladding and also00:20:03
partial repair of the weather vane angel00:20:05
was carried out by steeplejacks and in the Soviet00:20:07
years in the second half of the 50s, specialists00:20:10
performing high-altitude work in the00:20:12
ninety-first year discovered00:20:14
direct confirmation of this;00:20:16
interesting artifacts from the past hidden in the spire’s design a00:20:18
written message from his00:20:20
colleagues, the text of which, unlike00:20:22
most official texts, a00:20:24
time capsule of the Soviet era addressed to00:20:26
descendants, was completely devoid of00:20:27
pathos, calculated an unexpected find right there00:20:30
at the height with undisguised curiosity,00:20:32
read aloud the work was done poorly since00:20:35
the authorities did not care, they00:20:39
paid little, three marks were compressed by Zhanna00:20:43
squeezed out on June 23, two decades of00:20:46
Leningrad is the same and we have00:20:49
5 days left until the commissioning of the facility, the outskirts of the end00:20:52
of work and not in sight,00:20:54
many of the townspeople did not miss00:20:56
the opportunity, of course, to see the legendary00:20:58
Angelos, the spiers of the Peter and Paul Fortress with their own00:21:00
eyes, up close, the meeting on earth00:21:02
created a real sensation, those gathered were00:21:04
amazed by the subtlest detailing of the figure and00:21:07
expressive plasticity of the forms, the00:21:09
decorative structure is disassembled into00:21:10
separate parts and sent for00:21:12
restoration, followed by gilding in the00:21:14
working shops of the Kirov plant, after00:21:16
a few years, the restored angel,00:21:18
with the help of a helicopter and steeplejacks, will be returned00:21:21
to its original place and checks of its00:21:23
condition will become regular, will be00:21:25
carried out every six months well and a new00:21:27
full-fledged restoration of one of the00:21:28
most important symbols in the architectural00:21:30
appearance of the northern capital will be undertaken already at the00:21:32
beginning of the 2000s, right in time for the celebration of the 3rd00:21:35
centenary anniversary of St. Petersburg in the spring of00:21:37
ninety-one, on the territory of the00:21:39
same Peter and Paul Fortress in00:21:41
Leningrad, a new city00:21:42
landmark authored by00:21:44
Mikhail Shemyakin appears - a monument to the00:21:47
first founder of the city to the Russian Emperor00:21:48
Peter, this sculpture cast at the front, in00:21:51
turn, was strikingly different from the00:21:53
image of the monarch familiar to the townspeople, for00:21:55
example, the mighty horseman from Senate00:21:57
Square, the00:21:58
face of the Shemyaka sculpture was made for us00:22:00
on the basis of an authentic posthumous00:22:02
wax mask from the face of Peter stored in the00:22:04
Hermitage, however, as for the proportions of the body00:22:06
sitting on the throne monarch, with the00:22:09
exception of the head, they were deliberately00:22:10
enlarged by its author, and therefore heated00:22:12
debates regarding the appearance of00:22:15
Shemyakinsky Peter, which went beyond the usual00:22:16
framework of the established monumental00:22:18
tradition of Soviet Leningrad, of course, were00:22:20
still heard, however, for the most part, the00:22:22
sculptor’s bold experiment, ordinary00:22:24
citizens accepted very favorably the00:22:26
beautiful monument, a wonderful gift to00:22:28
our you you know, none of us are00:22:31
inherent here, still can’t say exactly00:22:33
what Peter was like, in fact, I think00:22:36
that the sculptor was imbued with the same way00:22:39
he was, I00:22:41
will understand the accounts and Shemyakin is getting younger, he brought00:22:44
him here, you understand, the00:22:47
stereotype must be broken in the end, I’m00:22:49
already tired of breaking the stereotype, all these00:22:52
monuments are tired of all these, I’ll note that00:22:57
the reviews of ordinary Leningraders captured on film by journalists immediately after the00:22:58
opening of a relatively00:23:00
controversial monument are still strikingly00:23:03
different from most of those that00:23:04
our contemporaries leave under the00:23:07
impression of visiting it today00:23:09
[music ]00:23:12
we call on all true patriots and people of00:23:16
good will to put an end to the current00:23:19
time of troubles,00:23:20
we call on all citizens of the Soviet00:23:23
Union to realize their duty to their homeland and00:23:26
provide full support to the00:23:29
state committee for the state of00:23:30
emergency wasser efforts to00:23:34
bring the country out of the crisis00:23:36
[music]00:23:47
[music]00:23:52
it just so happened that back in the eighties,00:23:55
the ballet Swan Lake00:23:57
was shown on Soviet television during the days of00:23:58
mourning and a series of funerals of the general00:24:00
secretaries of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Brezhnev Andropov,00:24:03
followed by Chernenko, for three00:24:05
days in August00:24:07
1991. This production was again broadcast on repeat00:24:09
on all television channels in00:24:11
the country, becoming one of the most00:24:13
memorable symbols of that summer, what00:24:16
was the reason for this00:24:17
at the time of the events described in the country00:24:20
there is a post of President of the USSR under the00:24:22
post this is occupied by Mikhail Sergeevich00:24:24
Gorbachev in Russia there are 15 Union Republics00:24:26
in the Soviet Union00:24:29
there is also a post of President of the USSR00:24:31
which is occupied by Boris Yeltsin00:24:34
August is vacation time the head00:24:36
of state, President Gorbachev, is also a00:24:38
man, he goes to heal the00:24:40
world retreat at his residence in00:24:43
Foros in the Crimea, then the notorious GKChP abbreviation bursts onto the stage of history,00:24:48
behind which was hidden a group of comrades from00:24:50
among high-ranking00:24:51
government officials00:24:52
who decide that the president of the USSR is00:24:55
seriously ill, perestroika has reached a dead end00:24:58
the country is about to collapse and therefore they00:25:00
themselves proclaim themselves to be the new00:25:03
authorities in the state and introduce a state of00:25:04
emergency.00:25:06
Mikhail Gorbachev actually, and at that00:25:08
very time, felt quite00:25:09
normal; as a result, he would00:25:11
even outlive the members of00:25:13
his self-proclaimed body by more than one year00:25:15
They isolate the Foros residence,00:25:17
blocking all opportunities00:25:19
to contact him by phone from the outside, the00:25:21
subscriber is temporarily unavailable00:25:23
among officials who have directly expressed00:25:25
their disagreement with the decrees, etc.00:25:27
the president of the RFU RMR Leningrad and also the00:25:30
Elen Council, the city parliament00:25:32
of Leningrad at that time was probably the most00:25:34
opposition-minded in its composition of00:25:36
Russia, its deputies met, and00:25:38
today the body is the successor to the council, the00:25:40
legislative assembly of St. Petersburg in the00:25:42
Mariinsky Palace on the square in front of00:25:44
which, from the morning of that memorable day, a00:25:46
spontaneous a rally under the00:25:48
slogans of supporting the Leningrad City Council soup and00:25:50
Yeltsin, the mayor will report that he urgently00:25:53
arrived in Leningrad from Moscow and00:25:54
speaks to those gathered but00:26:11
did not get stained, the00:26:15
inspired citizens begin the00:26:16
construction of00:26:18
real barricades in the city from scrap materials, these00:26:20
artificial barriers erected by their own forces00:26:22
across the roads of the central00:26:24
streets are rather of exclusively00:26:26
symbolic significance and is unlikely to be00:26:27
able to stop army equipment,00:26:29
however, with its appearance alone, they are extremely00:26:31
inspiring to those gathered; some of the00:26:33
protesters rush to00:26:35
Chapygina Street on the Petrograd side, with their00:26:37
efforts, the construction of spontaneous barricades00:26:39
begins and there the length of00:26:41
Chapygina Street is small, just over 300 meters;00:26:43
however, one local address is the house00:26:46
number six, the main building of the Leningrad00:26:48
television center from his television studio,00:26:50
contrary to the censorship introduced by Egypt00:26:53
regarding the media in the country, broadcasts00:26:55
a speech by the mayor Anatoly Sobchak,00:26:57
the mayor announces a00:26:59
large-scale protest rally in the city,00:27:00
calling on concerned Leningraders to go00:27:02
out to the palace square the next day;00:27:04
spontaneous meetings and standing of00:27:07
those concerned here and there in the city does not00:27:09
stop and at night on the radio receiver00:27:11
in the crowd messages of reports of the00:27:13
latest news from the capital are received where, as00:27:15
it turns out, blood is still being shed00:27:19
America of course what happened still to live00:27:21
yes00:27:23
she think that you understand the new type00:27:25
Moscow was00:27:26
afraid of the introduction of military equipment with00:27:29
paratroopers and the protesters in it would disrupt the00:27:31
movement of the army was noted on the00:27:33
approaches to the city in the region, however, the00:27:35
military00:27:37
commandant of the northern capital and00:27:38
Colonel-General Samsonov, who were appointed as security officers, did00:27:40
not dare to send in the army, because the militia of the00:27:43
State Security Committee did00:27:46
not reach the point of open confrontation with the masses of the people, although a year00:27:48
earlier all sorts of spontaneous attempts and00:27:50
organized speeches of opposition-00:27:52
minded citizens in Leningrad they were still00:27:54
nipped in the bud; with everything else,00:27:56
the situation in the city against the backdrop of the00:27:58
events taking place is different, even surprising00:28:00
journalists with the calmness of enterprises working at their usual pace,00:28:03
and even the museum and00:28:05
theaters continue to repair the Kirov00:28:07
Bridge, now the Trinity Bridge, after the acceptance of00:28:10
the state commission hastily00:28:12
to asphalt and with it have not yet been completed00:28:13
and during the reconstruction the sidewalks, well,00:28:18
there were also enough queues, usual for that period, including, for example, for00:28:19
gasoline, lines of people wanting to00:28:21
refuel and in some places00:28:22
stretched up to a kilometer, however, with00:28:25
all this, and to the palace square, following the00:28:27
call of the soup the day before people are flocking, a00:28:29
real human avalanche, so that on00:28:31
August 20, 1991,00:28:34
the most massive manifestation in Leningrad was destined to take place00:28:36
in its entire history,00:28:38
they exchanged forget for food for your00:28:39
daily life,00:28:41
as he told me, of course, it’s very00:28:42
unpleasant that what awaits us to endure00:28:44
is very alarming and has not yet affected00:28:47
they say over something not butter and00:29:01
how do you assess the current situation in00:29:04
the country00:29:05
negatively why because by00:29:08
a coup you are always a coup and what do you00:29:11
call translation what happened00:29:14
finally the communists will come to a real00:29:17
end why but then now alois on them00:29:20
what about the match high-ranking00:29:23
participants in the unrealized00:29:24
coup d'etat00:29:26
were soon arrested, three of them committed00:29:28
suicide on the spot, and a mass00:29:30
exodus of communists from the ranks of the party began,00:29:38
of course people like you will leave and go to00:29:41
any ass, but my portrait is00:29:44
always with me and I will die with him for the00:29:49
last communist, still00:29:52
not really known to anyone in the city, Lieutenant Colonel of the KGB00:29:54
Vladimir Putin resigns from the00:29:56
State Security Committee exactly during the00:29:58
days of the August putsch,00:30:00
he joined the team of the Leningrad mayor Sobchak00:30:02
back in June, but against the backdrop of the00:30:04
August events that unfolded in the country, with00:30:06
his departure from the authorities he00:30:08
makes the final choice of side00:30:10
intensified confrontation between00:30:11
democratic forces and communists00:30:13
[music]00:30:16
friends today visiting our discos00:30:20
popular Leningrad group of the hall00:30:22
while you all know and love these guys and00:30:25
so fasten your seat belts Mike we are waiting for you00:30:30
[music] On00:30:35
August 27, 91, at the age of 36,00:30:41
the leader passed away Serbian hands of the group00:30:43
Zoo one of the founders of the00:30:45
domestic hands of the movement Mikhail00:30:47
Naumenko stage name lighthouse On00:30:52
one of the last days of the passing summer of 91,00:30:54
tragic news befalls the00:30:56
entire numerous lesson of the city party in the00:30:59
room of their communal apartment on Borovaya00:31:00
Street in Leningrad, the musicians and the00:31:02
permanent leader of the group Zoo00:31:04
36 dies year-old Mikhail Naumenko is known to00:31:07
friends and fans under the nickname May,00:31:09
just three years after the00:31:11
death of the Leningrad rock star00:31:13
Alexander Bashlachev and just a year00:31:14
after the death of Viktor Tsoi in Latvia, soon00:31:17
after the death of Mike, a glorious page in the00:31:19
history of Leningrad rock will come to00:31:21
its final end not will not be00:31:23
Leningrad than the Leningrad rock club, which00:31:25
opened the way for many00:31:27
rock musicians of that time, an attempt to00:31:29
artistically rethink the00:31:31
life of Mikhail Naumenko was00:31:32
undertaken by the Moscow director00:31:34
Kirill Sererenikov, years later it00:31:36
will be perceived ambiguously00:31:38
and the atmosphere, albeit00:31:40
not of Soviet Leningrad parties and00:31:42
talk shows, and the image of Mike himself00:31:44
embodied on the screen will be conveyed Through the efforts of the00:31:46
domestic rock star of the 2000s, Roma and the00:31:48
beast, years later and journalists will again00:31:50
remember the leader of the zoo, but the reason for00:31:53
this will have nothing to do with his00:31:54
fruitful musical work and the00:31:56
mysterious circumstances of his death, a00:31:58
cerebral hemorrhage that became the cause of00:32:00
Mike’s death, according to an unofficial version,00:32:02
could have been the result of a fracture of the00:32:04
base of the skull caused by with a blow to the00:32:06
head, this version is also supported,00:32:08
for example, by another ex-participant of the zoo,00:32:10
drummer Valite Kirillov. During their00:32:12
own investigation, they managed to00:32:14
obtain indirectly indicating00:32:15
testimony from some witnesses to the00:32:17
incident, and later, an anonymous online00:32:19
confession on a kind of00:32:21
Internet portal from one of the00:32:22
direct participants in the brawl in the00:32:24
courtyard of the house. on Borovaya Street00:32:27
that the brother fell silent, yes because no,00:32:37
we are correct00:32:43
until I am on00:32:46
June 12,00:32:49
1991,00:32:51
a survey is being conducted after we talk about what the00:32:54
cities are fettering, the city that rightfully00:32:58
was remains00:33:01
1 topic of00:33:03
the kind00:33:04
[music] and00:33:10
there is no other like it00:33:13
and bow he is the inhabitants of St. Petersburg,00:33:18
simultaneously with the elections of the mayor of Leningrad00:33:20
and also the president of the USSR, Leningraders in00:33:23
June 91, because at the polling00:33:25
stations their votes for and against the00:33:27
initiative to rename the city00:33:30
proposed to return the northern capital and the00:33:32
original historical name00:33:34
granted at the founding of the June00:33:36
people's referendum, however, did not carry00:33:38
any If this had significant legal00:33:40
force and was aimed more at understanding the00:33:42
prevailing sentiments among the townspeople on this00:33:44
score, the published00:33:46
results of the public survey nevertheless did00:33:48
not reveal among the townspeople in a00:33:50
small majority as there were those00:33:52
who unanimously supported the initiative of the00:33:54
city democrats, the city should be00:33:57
called so what name was given to it by the founder00:33:59
it should remain the city of St.00:34:02
Peter the Apostle a person is given a name00:34:05
once in his life at baptism and so00:34:08
our city was given a name and this name should00:34:11
be restored something 0 game keep there00:34:14
is no such city and00:34:16
those present here are the same00:34:21
also, however, there was more than enough and those who00:34:23
advocated for the city to preserve its name,00:34:25
acquired already during the years of Soviet power,00:34:27
they saw00:34:35
and today we can name that old part of the00:34:38
city that was created under Peter, the00:34:41
districts of00:34:45
St. Petersburg, and00:34:48
so the newspapers say that the return of the00:34:51
old name to me personally, no one00:34:55
Leningrad00:35:03
after the referendum is an issue with00:35:06
renaming was temporarily removed from the00:35:07
current agenda, however, after the00:35:09
August events in the country and00:35:11
Leningrad, the attempted00:35:12
coup d'etat, the idea of renaming was00:35:15
truly and seriously returned00:35:17
again in the wake of a large-scale struggle with the00:35:19
70-year past and, in the vocabulary of those years, the00:35:21
comprehensive metastases of the00:35:23
communist disease on September 600:35:26
1991 Leningrad disappears scar00:35:29
it is replaced by a city with a new old00:35:31
name St. Petersburg00:35:34
[music]00:35:38
baby lessons beautiful00:35:41
cool face00:35:50
hold on don’t sag filmed00:35:54
character00:35:56
[music]00:36:02
when they talk today and film director00:36:05
Alexei Balabanov is more often remembered by his00:36:07
so-called folk action films of the first00:36:09
and second brother and also the war, a grotesque00:36:12
satire on 90 Blind Man's Bluff and also on00:36:14
the festival thriller Cargo 200, which made a lot of noise,00:36:16
the author’s other works00:36:19
are remembered even less often,00:36:21
including his debut full-length00:36:23
film Happy Days, which was released00:36:25
in00:36:26
1991 just a year after moving to00:36:28
Balabanovo to Leningrad from Sverdlovsk00:36:31
the picture was a free film adaptation of a00:36:33
series of stories by Samuel Beckett, a00:36:35
black and white filled with melancholic00:36:37
absurdity, a timeless world in which00:36:39
Balabanov placed a lost and00:36:41
restless nameless hero, the role of00:36:43
which was played by Viktor Sukorukov00:36:46
several years before the release of00:36:47
Lobanov’s brother, who had become a cult favorite, on the silver screen.00:36:49
In the same00:36:51
1991, the Soviet film was released and the film00:36:53
Bow Winner of Water, the action of the film00:36:55
also takes place in the northern capital00:36:57
and the main character, along with Danila Bagrovy,00:37:00
similarly finds himself drawn into a00:37:02
bloody confrontation with00:37:03
organized crime, who has taken00:37:05
deep roots in the city on the banks of the Neva, the00:37:07
famous musician innovator Sergei00:37:10
Kuryokhin, who starred in The main role of the tape00:37:12
here also acted as a composer;00:37:13
in addition, he noted with his participation in00:37:16
writing the script; a00:37:17
separate highlight of the sound of the tape00:37:19
was the meaningful audio inserts in00:37:22
which an senile voice with a barely00:37:23
guessable accent read out excerpts of the00:37:26
unknown & bass up as she is most likely the00:37:29
purest fiction of the authors which, in00:37:31
turn, was quite in the spirit of00:37:32
Kuryokhin himself, a clear example in00:37:35
the same 1991, on the air of the fifth00:37:38
wheel program of Leningrad television,00:37:40
Kuryokhin’s interview with leading journalist00:37:43
Sergei Sholokhov was aired in which the musician with an00:37:45
impenetrable face and a serious00:37:47
voice told viewers about his00:37:49
sensational investigation00:37:52
allegedly proving the fact that the leader of the world00:37:54
revolution, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, through00:37:56
excessive consumption of mushrooms,00:37:58
including hallucinogenic ones, towards the end of00:38:00
his earthly life, he himself turned into a00:38:02
real mushroom I love picking mushrooms00:38:04
I love cleaning I love cooking and I love00:38:07
eating later the authors shared the full00:38:10
version of their sensational00:38:12
interview and in the country remaining behind00:38:14
the scenes of the original version of the fragment,00:38:16
only when watching the interview in the00:38:18
uncut version, it became clear00:38:19
how seriously difficult it was for them to carry00:38:21
all the nonsense they composed with a serious00:38:23
face and simply not burst out laughing00:38:26
quietly at night, our program this time00:38:28
was performed politician public figure and00:38:31
film actor Sergei Kuryokhin the next00:38:34
program will be00:38:35
[laughter]00:38:39
[music]00:38:43
please have a minute of silence all the police00:38:46
in the hall urgently cordon off not for the00:38:48
anniversary since they just shot00:38:51
will choose an alcove on00:38:52
October 6, 1991 at the00:38:55
anniversary sports palace during a00:38:57
national concert00:38:58
Soviet pop stars Igor Talkov dies00:39:01
behind the scenes as a result of a brawl that00:39:03
arose due to the persistent desire of 200:39:05
stars announced for the performance, singer00:39:07
Aziza and Igor Talkov, to appear on stage00:39:10
last, the murder will remain00:39:12
unsolved and the main suspect, the00:39:13
concert director of the artist validity of00:39:16
man, who emigrated to Israel in 1992,00:39:19
will be unavailable for Russian00:39:21
justice at the end of February 91, a00:39:24
message comes from Zelenogorsk, this is a city00:39:27
suburb, they say there on one of the00:39:29
outlying coniferous streets they notice a living00:39:31
Bigfoot, unidentified00:39:34
paranormal by that time had already become firmly00:39:36
established in the everyday life of the townspeople, to be00:39:38
surprised at almost nothing, however,00:39:40
unidentified flying objects in the00:39:42
sky above the northern capital or the tricks of the00:39:44
noisy spirit of the drummer in one of the00:39:46
ordinary Khrushchev houses of a cheerful village, but00:39:48
for real food to be actually within the00:39:51
administrative borders of Leningrad this is00:39:53
real nonsense in the ninety-first,00:39:55
two plane crashes in the city at once in00:39:58
September in the waters of the Gulf of Finland an00:39:59
An-24 of the Ballet airlines crashes00:40:02
in as a result, 1000:40:04
people died a few months00:40:06
earlier in May, an Aeroflot airliner00:40:09
Tu-154, which arrived in Leningrad from Sukhumi00:40:12
when landing at Pulkovo airport, roughly00:40:14
connected with the ground and collapsed into two00:40:16
parts, as a result of this tragedy,00:40:18
15 people died; the May disaster was00:40:21
the first in the USSR, which received open00:40:23
publicity and coverage in the press and on00:40:25
television, Denmark, a plane crash in00:40:27
the country, an almost taboo topic in the media, in00:40:30
December, in St. Petersburg, the00:40:32
creation of a federation of Russian scouts is proclaimed,00:40:34
here in the northern capital, the00:40:36
location and headquarters are confirmed, the00:40:38
organizers are confident in the success of their brainchild00:40:41
and promise him great prospects;00:40:43
ambitious plans include increasing the00:40:45
number of members to 15,000 in the00:40:47
next few months, as well as joining the00:40:49
world organization of the scout00:40:51
movement as a structure00:40:53
disseminating scouting of the00:40:55
Russian character. On December 30, 1991, a00:40:59
section of the00:41:00
right bank line of the city00:41:02
metro was put into operation 52 53 and 54 its stations00:41:06
Ligovsky Prospekt Dostoevskaya and Sadovaya, the00:41:10
latter, after the commissioning of00:41:12
Spasskaya, already in the 2000s will already be00:41:14
part of the Frunze Primorsky00:41:16
purple line of the city subway, the00:41:18
country is conquered by electronic music from the00:41:21
capital of the domestic rave, St.00:41:23
Petersburg becomes the first parties of a new type00:41:25
for friends and acquaintances takes place in00:41:27
Leningrad squats self-occupied00:41:29
empty apartments houses to be00:41:31
resettled specialized00:41:33
nightclubs in the country do not yet have one of the00:41:34
first experiments of enterprising00:41:36
young people dance parties in the00:41:38
Leningrad planetarium near the Gorkovskaya metro station00:41:40
the directorate of the planetarium young00:41:43
people will declare that they are preparing00:41:44
scientific and technical evenings for young people,00:41:46
in fact they will organize the first in the star hall00:41:48
mass discos house music00:41:50
harbingers of the impending musical00:41:52
rave revolution00:42:01
[music]00:42:03
already at the end of 91 the Soviet Union00:42:06
ceased to exist, that it00:42:08
was a great geopolitical catastrophe00:42:10
or a great chance that was not realized00:42:12
subsequently, let everyone decide00:42:14
for themselves in any case, the decade that00:42:17
came after that very dashing or the00:42:19
holy nineties, we from our country, as00:42:21
part of our cycle just now in St. Petersburg,00:42:23
will return and see how each of the00:42:26
goths of this decade was remembered in the00:42:28
life of the city, check out my00:42:29
telegram channel, I’ll share upcoming00:42:31
plans, code of completed work with00:42:33
content, and most importantly, to stay in00:42:35
touch with you if what bad things will suddenly00:42:37
happen to YouTube or to our channels on it00:42:39
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[music]Description:
Первая глава нового цикла "ДАВЕЧА в Петербурге". Начинаем с переломного и эпохального 1991-го года. Внутри: очереди за дефицитом, пожар в гостинице Ленинград, мэр Собчак и его помощник Путин, ГКЧП, смерть Майка Науменко и убийство Игоря Талькова, первые рэйв-вечеринки, реставрация ангела со шпиля Петропавловки и открытие памятника Петру от Шемякина, переименование северной столицы, Балабанов и Курехин, скауты, а также живой йети в пригороде... Кое-что внутри: 00:00 - Начало 02:57 - Очереди за дефицитом 08:12 - Пожар в гостинице Ленинград 11:24 - Новые машины для ГАИ 12:34 - Последний ленинградский первомай 16:39 - Мэр Собчак 18:12 - Реставрация ангела со шпиля и памятник Петру от Шемякина 23:13 - ГКЧП 30:17 - Смерть Майка Науменко 32:44 - Переименование Ленинграда 35:37 - Новинки кинопроката и "Ленин-гриб" 38:42 - Короткой строкой... 42:04 - Прощание 43:22 - Благодарности От души благодарим за финансовую помощь, которая будет направлена на развитие канала: АНТОН ШИФМАН ДМИТРИЙ ПОЛИВАЕВ СЕРГЕЙ ПРОХОРОВ РОМАН ДЕРЛЮК СЁМА ШЫРОПС СЕРГЕЙ "VALOSKA" ПРОКОФЬЕВ ИЛЬЯ СУНГУРОВ ЮРИЙ ИЛЬИН LONGIN МАКС БРАНДТ ИВАН ЗАГАЙНОВ IVAN ROUTARD ЯН ОЛЕГ РОМА КОРОБЧИНСКИЙ АЛЕКСАНДР ТЕЛЕПНЕВ ВАЛЕРИЙ ВАЛЕРЬЕВИЧ ДИМНО СИЖО ВАДИМ ДАРЬЯ ШИПУЛИНА (САМОЙЛОВА) IVAN DVINYATIN КОТ ВАТСОН GLEB CHE АЛЕКСЕЙ КАЛИНИН MIKHAIL FALOMEEV INNA FRIDMAN АНАСТАСИЯ КОРОЛЁВА TOLISSIMUS АРТЕМ СОКОЛОВ ЕКАТЕРИНА ХАРЬКОВА VLADIMIR MAKAROV КСЕНИЯ ВАСИЛЬЕВА ПАВЕЛ ФОМИНОВ TOSHIKFERSSON ANDREY MARDUK ТАТЬЯНА СКОВОРОДНИКОВА СТАНИСЛАВА СОРОКИНА АЛЕКСЕЙ КУРАМШИН SERGEI BELANOV БУЗУЛУК666 ESTHAR UNUKALHAI СВЕТЛАНА ФЕДЮНЁВА IGOR MOON СВЕТЛАНА ВЛАДИМИРОВНА Н. Я в Телеграме: https://t.me/ruskipaska Я в ВК: vk.com/ruskipaska Я в Инсте: instagram.com/ruskipaska Задонатить авторам на билеты для поездок в следующих видео можно: 1) Через Patreon (если вы НЕ из России): https://www.patreon.com/ruskipaska 2) Через Boosty (если вы ИЗ России): https://boosty.to/ruskipaska 3) на карту СБ: 4817 7601 6095 9130 4) на ЮMoney-кошелек: 410016242966806 (Если есть возможность - указывайте в комментарии к переводу свое имя или никнейм, чтобы мы могли персонализировано вас поблагодарить)
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