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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:02
cosmic front by night sky the00:00:06
night sky sparkles with countless00:00:08
stars here is a mixture but space holds00:00:11
many secrets still hidden from our00:00:13
view asif not a good chance they seem to be00:00:18
just waiting for their discovery00:00:20
[music]00:00:25
himself for the kid about four00:00:27
decades ago00:00:28
astrophysicist Donald Lindon was put forward00:00:31
the assumption that at the heart of every00:00:33
galaxy lies a supermassive black00:00:35
hole,00:00:38
well, blond Donald, exposure of the00:00:43
hottest and most burning mysteries and secrets of the00:00:45
cosmic universe, cosmic00:00:48
disasters of unimaginable proportions00:00:50
that make the blood run cold,00:00:51
unique eyewitness footage that is not found00:00:54
anywhere else on the Internet,00:00:55
the most interesting and shocking scientific00:00:58
experiments that can00:00:59
change your understanding of the00:01:01
world around you description of cosmic00:01:04
processes that can destroy00:01:06
humanity in the blink of an eye the latest00:01:08
scientific discovery sensational discovery of00:01:11
researchers and scientists00:01:12
the most interesting about space with simple00:01:14
words in the telegram channel they have a 24 tour,00:01:17
join us and the path of taste and space00:01:20
Neptune awaits you with the most amazing and00:01:22
relevant content explore the00:01:25
deep abyss of space with00:01:27
neptune at the explorer of the royal00:01:30
observatory in greenwich england00:01:38
and the dutch the galaxy may have hundreds of00:01:41
billions of stars not most of them are00:01:44
concentrated in the core of the galaxy making this00:01:47
part called the galactic00:01:49
bulge the brightest and the hole in the very00:01:56
center00:02:02
it a supermassive black hole has become an astounding phenomenon,00:02:09
it is blowing away, the mass of such a black monster00:02:12
is equal to the mass of several billion suns00:02:20
[music] the00:02:29
crazy surrounding gases are sucked into the00:02:31
black hole by a monstrous gravitational00:02:34
force, even light cannot escape this00:02:36
trap00:02:38
[music]00:02:42
gave Lindane's theory was00:02:45
that every galaxy has at its00:02:47
center such a supermassive black hole00:02:53
[music]00:03:02
if this is the institute of astronomy at00:03:04
cambridge university00:03:16
house donod lindon was the one who proved the00:03:19
existence of supermassive black holes00:03:21
when he was 34 years old00:03:24
if he is still unraveling the mysteries of00:03:26
the universe we are not perfect dona bell about00:03:33
what is in every galaxy there are00:03:35
supermassive black holes00:03:37
after publication they met with a storm of criticism00:03:42
I think that most people think that00:03:45
they know what galaxies are and they00:03:49
see no reason why there00:03:51
should be huge masses in the centers of galaxies so it00:03:55
was an idea but you know it was believed that it was not00:03:58
very natural,00:04:05
however, subsequent observations using00:04:08
space telescopes and giant00:04:11
telescopes on earth have confirmed that00:04:13
supermassive black holes00:04:15
do exist00:04:24
on Kensen Street. It is now recognized that00:04:26
supermassive black holes have a00:04:28
deep connection not only with the formation of00:04:31
galaxies but with the very structure of00:04:33
outer space00:04:37
[music]00:04:47
this program is dedicated to understanding these00:04:50
mysterious objects that seem to00:04:52
dominate outer space00:04:55
understanding the essence of supermassive black00:04:58
holes00:05:03
[music]00:05:09
and00:05:11
[music]00:05:17
[music]00:05:22
space front00:05:24
[music]00:05:55
black holes invisible tentacles of the monsters00:05:57
of the universe00:05:58
[music]00:06:07
but cried black fight with a stunning00:06:10
space object00:06:12
defined by the absence of everything besides00:06:15
the force of gravity,00:06:16
how can a scientist understand this? looked for00:06:24
plugs,00:06:25
this is a difficult task;00:06:28
objects with enormous mass deform the fabric of00:06:30
space; the heavier the star, that is, the00:06:33
greater the mass, the stronger the sagging of00:06:36
space00:06:37
[music]00:06:43
show more light that must move00:06:46
in a straight path bends00:06:51
[music]00:06:52
and simply00:06:55
if a star of any given mass is strongly00:06:58
compressed and the density increases00:07:00
until the local distortion of00:07:02
space from it becomes00:07:04
infinite, this is a black hole00:07:13
[music]00:07:18
abu boundaries separate the black hole from the00:07:21
space around it, a monster from as00:07:24
soon as the boundary is crossed falls00:07:27
into the black hole then even light cannot00:07:29
escape from it,00:07:32
the diameter of the boundary is determined by the weight of the00:07:35
compressed mass of the sender's experience, the mass equal to the00:07:38
mass of the earth will have only two00:07:41
centimeters in cross section, the mass of the00:07:43
sun is 6 kilometers, this is considered00:07:47
as the size of a black hole, benefits of universities outside the00:07:52
black hole, the moment of death of stars occurs00:07:55
[music ]00:08:00
Nazi let's say a star 20 or more00:08:03
times larger than our sun reaches the end of00:08:05
its life and explodes00:08:12
doston the star's own gravity in00:08:14
this case causes its00:08:16
exploded core to become insubstantial,00:08:19
becoming purely gravitational force we are00:08:23
on the bar the birth of a black hole as00:08:24
a result of the death of the star its diameter00:08:26
is no more than 50 kilometers00:08:31
Barankin war you can find a black hole of00:08:34
truly monstrous dimensions more than 1000:08:37
billion kilometers in diameter and the00:08:49
University of California Los Angeles00:08:56
duo Andrea Gies is a recognized00:08:58
expert on the invisible phenomenon of black00:09:01
holes and plus when she saw the00:09:04
Apollo landing on the moon on TV then her00:09:07
interest in space aroused and as a00:09:11
child I dreamed of becoming a ballerina,00:09:16
so I think the point is that I see00:09:20
that space is spinning now they I,00:09:23
well, yes, my path in life was unclear to00:09:26
me when I got a little older I00:09:30
always liked puzzles,00:09:31
and today I do astronomy and00:09:34
studying black holes putting them into one00:09:36
big puzzle00:09:37
[music]00:09:41
at home blond Donald Lenin was00:09:44
predicted that a supermassive black00:09:47
hole is hiding in the center of every00:09:48
galaxy00:09:49
andrei without tried to find such a black00:09:52
hole in our galaxy the milky way in00:10:00
fact the first thing we are trying to00:10:02
do is this it's watching00:10:05
the stars move and that's the key to breaking the00:10:08
black hole and the way you do that is by00:10:11
pointing your telescope at the center of the galaxy00:10:14
using a technique that allows you to00:10:16
see the stars around the black hole00:10:18
and here's the black hole what we want to00:10:20
do is see how a star00:10:22
passes in a complete orbit around the center00:10:29
binswanger has been monitoring the movements of stars00:10:31
for many years00:10:32
recording their trajectories if they00:10:35
actually revolved around an invisible00:10:37
object00:10:38
it would be evidence of00:10:39
the existence of a black hole00:10:42
[music]00:10:48
docent level small you however the center of the00:10:50
milky way is located on 2600:10:54
thousand light years from the earth and00:10:56
stating the fact that stars move around a00:10:58
point located in deep space00:11:00
is not an easy task00:11:05
[music]00:11:06
mamak and mount mauna kea hawaii00:11:09
the location of several giant00:11:11
telescopes00:11:12
[music]00:11:20
without you guess used one of the00:11:22
observatories on this peak the00:11:24
keck observatory so like the00:11:31
keck observatory there are two of the world's largest00:11:34
telescopes with primary mirrors with a00:11:36
diameter of 10 meters00:11:38
[music]00:11:44
but00:11:45
he gess observations here began in00:11:49
1995 gas tank legs with her colleagues were not00:11:53
the only ones who were looking for a supermassive00:11:56
black hole at the center of our galaxy00:12:02
munich germany00:12:11
european group scientists based in the00:12:14
very center of Germany also hunted for the00:12:17
same monster of the muzzle and chest and00:12:22
became the leader of these star hunters00:12:25
became Stefan Gelya Dream they have a 10 meter00:12:31
telescope,00:12:32
we have an eight meter telescope so our00:12:34
telescope is a little smaller00:12:35
however we were in the southern hemisphere00:12:37
where the galactic the center is visible for a greater00:12:41
number of hours00:12:42
so we could carry out00:12:43
observations from February to October beats the00:12:47
European group conducts its00:12:49
observations00:12:50
ram al sky observatory in Chile00:12:55
Bill very large telescope and composition00:12:58
experience and includes four telescopes with a diameter of00:13:00
8.2 meters fueled but even with such00:13:05
advanced technology success is eluding00:13:13
well the problem is in the earth's atmosphere00:13:17
[music]00:13:22
atmospheric fluctuations00:13:24
blur the image of the stars and Putin00:13:31
April 2002 a European group00:13:33
installs epoch-making new00:13:36
equipment00:13:38
[music]00:13:44
background finished off without a very large telescope at the00:13:47
time is it time for them to shoot laser00:13:50
beams into the night sky taking measurements and00:13:52
correcting these atmospheric fluctuations00:13:55
special equipment00:13:57
succeeds in this new00:14:01
method is called adaptive optics00:14:09
the method focuses the stars freed from00:14:18
atmospheric fluctuations the stars shine00:14:21
much clearer00:14:28
gorgaz which did not yet have adaptive00:14:31
optics was in a less favorable00:14:32
position seed it00:14:39
minimized atmospheric fluctuations by00:14:42
limiting the exposure time when the00:14:44
stars were imaged on you on carefully00:14:51
mapped the movements of the stars sex00:14:53
success or failure depended on choosing the00:14:56
right stars00:15:02
[music]00:15:04
at first both groups followed the star00:15:07
indicated from to 1 shown in attention00:15:13
the state switched to another star00:15:16
[music]00:15:19
initially we were worried about the star from 100:15:22
at first it was the fastest a moving00:15:25
star, but it was so2 that, when approaching a black00:15:28
hole, became the fastest with a moving00:15:30
star00:15:31
and the disks that we know of, this00:15:38
graph represents the results of00:15:40
a study of geos 0 before the mere knowledge that00:15:42
stars revolve around the center of the galaxy00:15:44
was not enough to prove the00:15:46
existence of a black hole in January00:15:53
2002 it was noticed that the other star00:15:55
designated so2 was behaving strangely00:16:12
and even though it was passing through a blindingly00:16:21
fast rigid orbit at a speed of 500:16:25
thousand kilometers per second, as if00:16:27
performing furiously and spinning without a ticket,00:16:33
it was an incredibly exciting time00:16:36
because at every stage of this00:16:38
experiment we were told you wo00:16:40
n’t succeed or you are not seeing what you00:16:44
should see so when we reported00:16:47
what we initially saw we were quickly00:16:48
answered but these stars are not attached to00:16:50
the galaxy you will not see the poison motion curves00:16:52
and yet so2 really00:16:56
curved in a fast orbit00:17:02
[music]00:17:03
this is the actual sequence00:17:06
the image is exhaustive analysis showed00:17:09
that this giant star with a mass00:17:11
equivalent to 10 times the sun00:17:16
[music]00:17:21
the only thing that can make the stars00:17:23
move so fast is the huge mass,00:17:25
these stars move because there is a00:17:28
large force of gravity and the only thing00:17:32
that can give greater gravity in this00:17:33
small space is a00:17:35
supermassive black hole00:17:37
using adaptive optics, the00:17:39
strange behavior of the Su-200:17:41
also did not escape the attention of the00:17:43
European team00:17:47
you sexy rain managed to display so2 at the same time00:17:52
[music]00:18:00
and taste of course it was the moment when everyone00:18:03
was very excited that we decide00:18:05
the orbit proves that there must be mass00:18:08
and we can measure mass we can00:18:12
calculate mass it's a simple calculation00:18:14
any student can do it and the00:18:16
result was extremely fascinating00:18:18
and the Thomas we see in these00:18:20
images is 4 million times the00:18:23
mass of the sun00:18:26
[music]00:18:31
finally after 10 years of observations it was00:18:34
found that a00:18:35
supermassive black hole actually00:18:38
exists in in the center of our galaxy00:18:46
[music] the00:18:50
bible of magnitudes turned out to be larger than it00:18:53
seemed, much of the order of magnitude larger00:18:57
[music]00:19:00
around the black hole formed as a00:19:03
result of the death of stars, usually no more than00:19:06
50 kilometers in diameter, but what is00:19:08
located in the center of our galaxy is00:19:10
simply gigantic00:19:13
[music]00:19:18
I estimate the diameter at 24 million00:19:22
kilometers it's like 17 of our suns with00:19:34
bombus lined up in a row around this black monster at a00:19:38
speed of 5 thousand kilometers per second00:19:40
which is about 200 times the speed of the00:19:43
earth's rotation around the sun rushing with u2 a00:19:46
giant blue star this speed00:19:48
was achieved only thanks to the00:19:51
enormous gravitational the attraction of a00:19:53
black hole00:19:55
[music]00:20:01
minasyan a hole in the center of our own00:20:03
galaxy but far from the earth a00:20:05
fascinating dance of stars unfolds00:20:10
[music]00:20:15
and even though it was this dance of stars that00:20:17
proved the existence of a supermassive00:20:20
black hole00:20:30
[music]00:20:35
so this idea, you know, is not00:20:39
very reads natural and it's00:20:41
been going on for about 15 years then00:20:45
gradually people started discovering things00:20:50
but that looked like00:20:53
well I mean as00:20:55
the sightings got closer and closer the00:20:58
center you had a very difficult time getting00:21:01
high enough resolution00:21:03
images at the time we couldn't00:21:06
see the middle our galaxy00:21:09
because it was covered with interstellar dust00:21:11
we could not see it mildendo00:21:14
lindon b l suggested that at the center of00:21:16
every galaxy there is a00:21:18
supermassive black hole besides00:21:22
observing the orbits of stars, there is00:21:24
another way to prove the existence of such a00:21:26
black hole00:21:30
[music]00:21:33
is by observing how a black hole00:21:36
absorbs stars or gases00:21:40
when gases are sucked into a black hole they are00:21:44
first flattened into a disk friction00:21:47
causes them to overheat to emit00:21:49
intense radio waves and you changed00:21:52
whether these radio waves can be detected00:21:54
then this may indicate the presence of a00:21:57
black hole00:21:59
[music]00:22:07
[music]00:22:14
the largest the world's telescope for00:22:17
detecting radio waves with high-frequency00:22:19
millimeter bands00:22:21
is the 45-meter radio telescope at the00:22:25
national astronomical00:22:26
observatory of japan and poses00:22:32
japanese scientists actually for the first time00:22:34
proved the white-hot lind theory that a00:22:36
supermassive black hole is hidden in00:22:39
every galaxy00:22:46
this happened in 1990, 21 years00:22:50
after lindon bell's prediction00:22:54
mass for prayer she to I worked00:22:57
many at the Omsk radio observatory studying00:23:00
gases in the centers of galaxies00:23:09
and he was interested in the galaxy00:23:11
adjacent to Ursa Major00:23:13
[music]00:23:17
galaxy m106 spiral galaxy at a00:23:20
distance of 21 million light years from the00:23:23
earth we are not minds it was reported that00:23:26
radio waves are regularly emitted from the core of00:23:29
m106 pulsating radio waves from00:23:35
the galaxy is a phenomenon that has never00:23:38
happened the same thing happens with a00:23:41
light wave00:23:43
so I was very surprised I tried00:23:47
to find out if they are pulsating by measuring their00:23:51
intensity and write in addition to a00:23:56
parabolic antenna with a diameter of 4500:23:58
meters, the Nabi Yamskaya Radi Observatory00:24:01
is equipped with special00:24:02
world-class equipment00:24:04
[music]00:24:06
so 8 spectrometers capable of instantly00:24:10
observing radio waves00:24:15
a single for observing radio waves from the00:24:19
core of the galaxy one spectrometer is enough00:24:28
but for more thoroughly the wall00:24:31
used two spectrometers to00:24:33
observe the very center of the galaxy and00:24:35
surrounded them with the six00:24:37
remaining ones it would be good if we00:24:46
had one but since we had eight of them00:24:50
not using them all seemed00:24:53
irrational so we00:24:55
used a parallel array of00:24:57
spectrometers pointing and all at n 10600:25:00
than the decision to use all eight00:25:02
stops led to the discovery of the century00:25:09
but Kanaka and just wanted to use00:25:11
all his spectrometers but the results were00:25:13
surprising his moans00:25:21
at both ends of the combined graphs00:25:25
were amazing sharp jumps, however, and00:25:28
especially striking were those found on the left,00:25:30
this indicated that something was moving00:25:33
at enormous speeds that had never been00:25:36
observed in Mannheim,00:25:39
we had never seen such speeds in the00:25:41
galaxy,00:25:42
so when I saw it I felt00:25:45
that everything in me flared up I thought how00:25:48
could it be00:25:51
[music] there00:25:57
would be more detail and observations were00:26:00
made using00:26:01
high resolution telescopes and00:26:04
something remarkable was discovered in the core of the galaxy00:26:08
[music] a00:26:10
rotating disk without a university it was a00:26:15
structure very similar on a disk00:26:17
formed by gases we suck them into a00:26:21
black hole00:26:23
to get to sleep in Mecca sharp jumps recorded 800:26:26
spectrometers my observatory on the biome00:26:29
were recordings of this disk00:26:34
hibiscus disk rotated furiously at a00:26:36
speed of 3 6 million kilometers per hour00:26:39
rush hour detailed analysis showed that the mass at00:26:42
its center was equivalent to the mass of 3900:26:46
million of our suns, it was a00:26:48
black hole,00:27:00
this unprecedented discovery of a00:27:03
monstrous black hole graced the cover of a00:27:05
world-famous scientific journal,00:27:11
without a 45-meter dish, we would not00:27:15
have noticed this00:27:16
and without an installation of eight spectrometers,00:27:19
we would have missed it too00:27:22
that moment is to blame for the dream00:27:25
and00:27:27
[music]00:27:29
minisd sometimes in 1995 the discovery was00:27:33
published on whom I received the letter00:27:40
but the bar in the letter said I have been waiting for00:27:43
this proof for 26 years and congratulate00:27:46
you on the great discovery00:27:54
but the letter came because of the English00:27:59
and the sender who sent the letter is none00:28:02
other than Donald Lyndon who00:28:04
predicted the existence of00:28:06
supermassive black holes I was very00:28:13
pleased because I did not feel that I was00:28:17
absolutely right I thought that it was possible00:28:21
and gradually I think that I am right00:28:24
more and more and it was very good00:28:28
news clouds a black hole00:28:34
equivalent to thirty-nine million00:28:36
solar masses00:28:37
absorbed huge volumes of gas with their00:28:41
enormous gravitational force00:28:45
[music] the00:28:47
dark object at the center of this00:28:49
artist's concept is a black hole00:28:52
and the diameter is huge as if 160 of our00:28:55
suns were lined up in a row00:29:01
or knew it is now believed that almost all00:29:05
galaxies have these supermassive00:29:07
black holes at their center00:29:11
[music]00:29:19
he state-of-the-art00:29:22
detection instrument discovers more and more00:29:24
black holes00:29:32
want ireland hubble space telescope00:29:35
located outside the earth's atmosphere00:29:38
can observe space objects with great clarity00:29:43
out a crime hubble targets the00:29:47
ngc galaxy 70 52 galaxy located00:29:51
37 million light years away00:29:56
bin ich and the image is captured by the00:29:59
telescope this is a huge disk consisting00:30:01
of gases and stars and in the center of it00:30:05
there must be a supermassive black hole00:30:08
[music] we00:30:12
are preparing bombs and when we received this00:30:16
image I got very excited I00:30:18
mean this is such a yellow beautiful rich00:30:21
detail when I saw this I realized that we00:30:24
could get great spectra and00:30:26
can actually determine if00:30:29
this galaxy has a black hole and how00:30:31
massive it is so I was very00:30:33
excited and we used the00:30:38
Hubble Space Telescope to determine00:30:40
how fast this disk is spinning we00:30:42
determined how fast it is spinning here00:30:44
here and here and we can calculate00:30:46
how much here masses in the center from the00:30:47
velocities of the gas and as it turned out in the center00:30:50
there is an object that should be 30000:30:52
million times more massive than our sun00:30:59
dogan the galaxy actually hid a00:31:01
supermassive black hole clouds a black00:31:09
hole equivalent to 300 million masses of the sun00:31:11
before the turmoil is more than 70 times more00:31:15
than in the center our galaxy milky00:31:17
way region a black hole with a diameter of 120000:31:21
our suns lined up in a row00:31:24
[music]00:31:26
and hubble spotted an even larger ultra00:31:30
massive black hole00:31:32
[music]00:31:35
it is located in m8700:31:38
at a distance of 59 million light years00:31:43
scientists have long been puzzled by the strip of00:31:46
white light located there when hubble00:31:54
rolled away while undergoing training on the nuclei of00:31:57
galaxies, the strip of white light00:31:58
turned out to be a giant jet of gases to cool down00:32:05
as the gases are rapidly sucked00:32:07
into the black hole, some of them are thrown out00:32:10
in the form of such a jet at the mass of the black hole00:32:18
at the base of this jet was calculated and00:32:21
amounted to 6.4 billion solar masses00:32:25
[music]00:32:31
this is 10 million times larger than the00:32:34
supermassive black hole at the center of00:32:36
our galaxy the milky way00:32:38
dance in size its diameter is equal to 2500:32:42
thousand them our suns00:32:44
lined up in a row00:32:48
[music]00:32:52
it even in 2011 the00:32:55
largest black hole in history was discovered in the00:32:58
galactic core ngc 4889 there is an00:33:03
unimaginably monstrous black hole00:33:05
with a mass that is equivalent to 9 whole 6000:33:09
billion masses of our sun00:33:15
[music]00:33:20
this is the very unity that scientists want00:33:22
to tell now is the process by00:33:24
which a black hole00:33:26
becomes so large and in places00:33:29
they can begin to grow from the moment00:33:31
the star dies00:33:32
but how they grow to billions of times00:33:35
their original size00:33:38
[music]00:33:50
trinity college trinity commercial00:33:52
university00:33:54
[music]00:34:03
isaac isaac newton who formulated the00:34:07
universal law of gravity conducted00:34:10
research here00:34:11
[music]00:34:21
martin rees was a teacher at00:34:23
trinity college00:34:25
rees conducted research on supermassive00:34:28
black holes together with lindon white00:34:31
[music]00:34:40
yes, this impetus for his research00:34:42
was the discovery of galaxies whose00:34:46
high-energy nuclei emitted00:34:48
powerful radio waves diablo but there were00:34:53
various alternative theories about00:34:56
what could happen in the centers of galaxies00:34:58
that release a concentrated00:35:01
source of energy and these ideas included a00:35:04
very dense cluster stars a00:35:07
very massive star a twin super00:35:12
massive object00:35:13
and so on I realized that if you00:35:20
followed the likely evolution of any00:35:23
of these objects they would have00:35:25
no alternative00:35:27
to becoming a large black hole00:35:35
so any object emitting a00:35:38
large enough amount of energy00:35:41
will inevitably become a supermassive black00:35:43
hole00:35:49
how then are a supermassive00:35:52
black hole born? The rice diagram as it00:35:55
was called indicated possible paths00:35:58
[music]00:36:07
in the 30 years that have passed since the00:36:11
rice diagram was published, a00:36:12
series of discoveries and00:36:14
supermassive black holes have occurred; at the same time, the00:36:17
study of their birth is also00:36:19
progressing;00:36:25
it has become one of The scenarios00:36:28
proposed by rice were the consolidation of00:36:30
several small black holes at the end of00:36:34
their lives, the stars explode00:36:36
forming relatively small black00:36:38
holes, he after all, hundreds of millions of them00:36:41
can group together merging into00:36:44
one supermassive black hole00:36:46
[music]00:36:54
this space X-ray00:36:56
observatory of NASA Chandra Chandra is studying00:37:01
the area where it is believed There is a00:37:03
consolidation of black holes and the galaxy ngc00:37:14
6240 is located at a distance of 40000:37:17
million light years from the earth, in00:37:19
fact, two galaxies collide there00:37:25
when Chandra examined the galactic00:37:28
nuclei, two blue and white spots appeared,00:37:34
this massive black hole, one in the00:37:37
center of each imax galaxy and with blink00:37:43
this the blue area here is the00:37:45
bloated center and you can see that00:37:47
there are two small sources of hiv-100:37:50
brighter one is a little fainter00:37:53
but each of them when we look at the00:37:55
spectrum shows a very characteristic00:37:58
sign that it is simply radiation from a00:38:01
supermassive black hole in each00:38:03
case which never was noticed00:38:05
earlier until we saw a beautiful00:38:07
image of Chandra and were unable to separate the00:38:09
two objects two black holes located00:38:12
in close proximity to each00:38:14
other but they will not merge soon00:38:16
[music]00:38:21
but00:38:22
[music]00:38:24
mike rather like the earth I am the moon in their eternal00:38:27
dance 2 black holes go around each other00:38:29
not but colliding clare00:38:34
[music]00:38:42
suburi so what about rice's concept of00:38:45
black holes merging to00:38:47
form a supermassive black hole00:38:50
[music]00:38:53
oil masayuki umi mura uses a super00:38:56
computer to create a simulation of a00:38:58
black hole merger00:39:00
[music]00:39:06
here he models the behavior 10 black00:39:09
holes of equivalent mass00:39:13
[music] the00:39:15
first consolidation occurs much00:39:17
earlier than expected it takes only00:39:20
50 million years00:39:24
the process begins repeating itself for00:39:27
about 500 million years five black00:39:30
holes merged into one00:39:36
here it is and here and never one galaxy00:39:38
is swallowed up by its dear central black00:39:41
hole is also completely absorbed, so there00:39:44
may be large galaxies that have00:39:47
not only two black holes but also a 10, we00:39:50
assumed that this could be the00:39:54
beginning of the process,00:40:01
let's look at our real00:40:03
universe, galactic collisions,00:40:06
mergers occur everywhere00:40:08
[music]00:40:19
and when galaxies merge, reflections00:40:23
show that their black holes also00:40:25
merge00:40:27
[music]00:40:36
wherever there are clusters of galaxies there00:40:38
will definitely be clusters of black holes,00:40:44
this means that the process of00:40:47
consolidation of black holes is taking place, this00:40:49
corresponds to real observations of00:40:51
our universe00:40:54
[music] in the00:41:02
second scenario of the rice diagram00:41:05
there is an initial black hole that00:41:07
becomes supermassive by absorbing gases00:41:09
and the stars and at the cost in this case the monster00:41:19
is born by greedily devouring an00:41:21
incredible amount of gases that are00:41:24
equivalent to hundreds of millions of our00:41:26
suns00:41:30
[music]00:41:33
pegasus gases are sucked in with such force00:41:36
that friction creates incredible heat00:41:44
during this violent process00:41:47
and intense light and00:41:49
x-rays are released and blown away the00:41:51
surrounding gases will come out as a result,00:41:55
more gases are left for them to feed on and the00:41:57
black hole stops growing but how00:42:04
can such a huge amount of gases be00:42:06
sucked in first without the gas00:42:14
that is sucked in first00:42:15
blowing out other gases movie Suga studies00:42:19
this contradiction and he found a specific00:42:23
mechanism in black holes due to00:42:24
which they can continue to draw in00:42:27
huge amounts of gases from he00:42:34
prepared a simulation of one scenario00:42:36
creating supermassive black holes00:42:41
gas block when the black hole sucks in00:42:44
gases it generates magnetic00:42:47
field lines that penetrate the surrounding00:42:49
gas disk like hoops00:42:51
embedded so they are then00:42:53
distorted by the disk vortex00:42:56
[music]00:42:58
mazda when the disk twists the00:43:00
magnetic field lines fall into the spiral00:43:03
bihari, twisting and drinking like a00:43:05
spring00:43:09
from and this is a plasma jet about the part of the gases of00:43:12
the disk charged with energy such as light00:43:14
flies out in opposite directions00:43:18
perpendicular to the discus any remaining00:43:20
gases are sucked into the black hole which00:43:24
grows becoming supermassive00:43:30
according to our research even when00:43:32
the light extremely powerful and even when the00:43:35
plasma jet erupts the gas is still00:43:37
sucked from the gas disk00:43:39
so the black hole can00:43:42
continue to suck in a huge volume of gas00:43:44
so the gas plays a role in the growth of00:43:49
supermassive black holes and where did it go from00:43:54
what test00:43:56
[music] the00:43:59
hubble region captured this real00:44:02
image of00:44:03
intense jets erupting from the00:44:05
center of the galaxy, thus the scenarios for00:44:19
the creation of a supermassive black hole are00:44:21
described in the rice diagram becomes00:44:24
convincing00:44:39
Martin Rees00:44:40
has developed several theories for the formation of00:44:42
supermassive black holes,00:44:44
but one of them is the constant consumption of00:44:46
gases, the other is the consolidation of not large00:44:49
black holes, the gap, but the rice diagram00:44:52
indicated the00:44:53
third with the possibility00:45:03
according to this third scenario, immediately00:45:06
after the creation of the universe, large clouds00:45:08
of gas were hidden directly in00:45:11
supermassive black holes without the first00:45:13
appearance of stars at all00:45:16
[music]00:45:19
recently evidence of this 3 scenarios has also come to light by00:45:30
combining information from the Chandra X-ray00:45:32
telescope and the00:45:34
Hubble Space Telescope when I hunt for Tar Jan00:45:37
behind the super massive black00:45:39
holes created by the transformation of00:45:42
the universe00:45:45
[music]00:45:47
these distant galaxies were00:45:49
photographed by hubble amanda lecturer of00:45:52
them who circled on the screen are at a00:45:55
distance of 12 billion light years00:45:58
these are small galaxies born immediately00:46:01
after the birth of the universe itself00:46:04
about 200 of them have been identified00:46:07
[music]00:46:12
here is one discovered by Chandra and00:46:16
[music]00:46:21
and it already has a supermassive black00:46:24
hole.00:46:29
Trojan was surprised to discover that almost00:46:32
all 200 galaxies had supermassive00:46:35
black holes, and in total, if so many00:46:39
supermassive black holes were already00:46:41
present immediately after the creation of00:46:43
the universe, then this gives a powerful support for the00:46:46
third scenario00:46:48
in the rice diagram00:46:51
[music]00:46:53
just as we think that a collapsing00:46:56
gas cloud can create the first00:46:58
star quite easily00:47:00
the conditions necessary to create the00:47:02
initial black hole directly00:47:05
without the formation of a star and instead of00:47:07
forming a star there is also00:47:10
only one in the initial universe,00:47:14
efforts are also made to00:47:17
calculate 3 scenario diagrams rests on00:47:20
a fix share I think this is their first00:47:25
time there is a model showing that it is possible to00:47:29
create a precursor to a large black00:47:32
hole in the form of these supermassive clouds a00:47:36
giant gas cloud with a00:47:38
diameter of 100 light years is conceived00:47:42
sadly there 70 thousand years after the00:47:45
formation of the gas cloud its gases00:47:48
have compressed a disk with a diameter of one light00:47:50
year00:47:51
gas the mass of the gas disk was00:47:54
equivalent to the mass of 100 thousand of our00:47:56
sun twisted then it condenses00:47:59
further compressing under its own weight which00:48:02
leads to a00:48:03
supermassive black hole00:48:08
so the third scenario in the00:48:11
rice diagram00:48:12
going directly from the gas00:48:14
cloud to the black hole00:48:15
is a real possibility to00:48:20
bet research into the origin of00:48:22
supermassive black holes continues00:48:30
what Maurois thinks about this the rice itself is00:48:36
delicious of course there are many problems in the universe00:48:40
that we cannot yet understand00:48:42
on them many problems for science in the 21st century and00:48:46
beyond but I think we should00:48:49
be surprised by the fact that we have made the00:48:51
progress that we have now00:48:54
because, after all, our brains00:48:58
have evolved to cope with00:49:00
life compared to our distant00:49:02
ancestors who lived on the African savannah00:49:05
and I think we can make much00:49:07
more progress, I hope that we00:49:10
will have a unified theory of all the fundamental00:49:12
forces that serve the universe arose 13.700:49:18
billion years ago and people are constantly00:49:21
striving to penetrate the secrets of space,00:49:25
it is making one small00:49:27
discovery at a time00:49:32
[music]00:49:37
but it will not give the latest research00:49:38
shows that supermassive black00:49:41
holes do not just grow by absorbing everything00:49:43
around them amazingly but they have a00:49:53
huge constructive influence to00:49:55
the space around them00:50:03
[music]00:50:09
[music] that's00:50:12
what these amazing00:50:14
monsters have home is the core of the00:50:17
galaxy can you be more specific it00:50:22
is located inside a concentration of stars00:50:25
called a galactic bulge the00:50:27
shape of the bulge varies00:50:30
depending on each galaxy00:50:35
[music]00:50:43
john-john carmen de explored the relationship00:50:46
between the mass of the bulge and and the00:50:47
supermassive black hole00:50:54
[music]00:50:59
rain 1 galaxy he observed00:51:02
was andromeda our super massive00:51:04
black hole here is00:51:06
equivalent to 150 million solar00:51:09
masses the height of the bulge is about a thousand times00:51:12
greater in mass00:51:15
[music]00:51:19
then he looked at the sombrero00:51:22
house galaxy the black hole here is a00:51:24
billion solar masses the mass of the bulge is00:51:28
about a thousand times greater on the graph00:51:37
coordinating the masses of the bulge and with the00:51:39
regions of black holes the galaxies form00:51:41
almost a straight line and the brain in most00:51:48
galaxies the ratio of the mass of the black hole to00:51:50
the bulge is from 1 to 1 thousand00:51:57
[music]00:52:00
this The strong relationship between the mass of00:52:03
supermassive black holes and bulges00:52:06
and galaxies has surprised many scientists.00:52:16
We know that when the gas density00:52:19
becomes very large, an00:52:21
explosion of new stars occurs and at the same time, when00:52:25
this explosion of stars creates a bulge, the00:52:28
rest of the gas falls into the black00:52:30
hole and makes the hole larger with this00:52:34
way we get many new stars and00:52:36
get a higher black hole and 200:52:40
correlates and the gauti galaxy has00:52:43
hundreds of billions of stars it00:52:46
turns out that in the galactic cores the00:52:48
black hole and bulges have a deep00:52:51
relationship00:52:53
[music]00:53:04
ojooo a giant bulge will00:53:07
correlate with a giant black hole a00:53:09
small bulge with a small black00:53:12
hole00:53:13
[music]00:53:15
here this strange law of outer00:53:18
space may mean that00:53:20
galaxies and black holes evolved00:53:23
together00:53:24
[music]00:53:34
and00:53:37
Andrey s discovered a supermassive00:53:40
black hole in the center of our00:53:42
Milky Way galaxy,00:53:52
she also found evidence00:53:54
that the black hole performs an amazing00:53:57
function bulge of the galaxy00:53:59
[music]00:54:05
we had one surprise after another in our00:54:08
study of the center of the galaxy we see00:54:11
that the stars there00:54:12
are very massive stars which tells00:54:14
us that these are very young stars00:54:16
and the last thing you would expect from a black00:54:19
hole is these nearby very young star00:54:21
because black holes are very00:54:24
inhospitable for forming a connection at00:54:25
an hour they should just break any00:54:28
clouds that could end up00:54:31
becoming a comic book star so you do00:54:34
n't really expect to see00:54:35
young stars and small stars near a00:54:37
black hole and yet all the stars that00:54:40
reported to us were there black holes are00:54:42
those that we predicted there00:54:44
should not be00:54:50
jellyfish there and near the supermassive black hole00:54:53
in the center of the milky way with many00:54:55
young stars found00:54:58
[music]00:55:05
this tells us something amazing00:55:08
new stars can arise from gases00:55:11
that initially accumulate00:55:13
around the black holes00:55:20
[music]00:55:26
burning US NSA00:55:31
locus The effect that a black hole00:55:34
has on the surrounding space is not00:55:36
limited to the birth of stars00:55:46
and away a project led by us and00:55:49
called tones is trying to capture00:55:51
distant galaxies MTS and who by us00:56:02
assumes the participation of radio telescopes in00:56:05
dozens of places in the southern hemisphere,00:56:07
mainly in Australia as well as in Chile,00:56:10
South Africa and the South Pole00:56:13
[music]00:56:18
one of his targets is00:56:20
this galaxy located at a00:56:22
distance of 14 million light years from the00:56:25
earth Centaurus and this image00:56:33
obtained by the project is a clear view of a00:56:36
plasma jet fired violently from an00:56:39
invisible black hole the00:56:40
jet is fired at the speed of00:56:42
components 30 percent of the speed of00:56:45
light00:56:46
she you with the analysis of this jet discovered00:56:49
something completely unexpected00:56:55
she to them tree and spectral00:56:59
images of the jet tell us where the00:57:04
high energy00:57:07
radiation is coming from it is not just about a black00:57:12
hole it is coming 5000 here it goes on00:57:19
[music]00:57:22
yes than emissions from a black hole even00:57:25
leave the boundaries of the galaxy itself and the00:57:31
ejection form a plume expands at a00:57:35
distance of a million light years00:57:38
crying everywhere thus the black hole00:57:41
does not just absorb gases it throws out the00:57:44
material from which stars are made and00:57:46
far beyond the boundaries of its own00:57:48
galaxy00:57:50
the role of supermassive black holes in00:57:53
the universe is still00:57:55
largely mysterious but scientists are00:57:58
studying it more and more space00:58:08
space looks the same in both00:58:11
uk and japan indeed the00:58:15
night sky is the same for all of us and00:58:17
was the same for all of our ancestors00:58:19
throughout human history00:58:21
it is the one common feature of everything of humanity00:58:24
all people have looked up at the night00:58:27
sky and thought interpret it00:58:30
in their own way00:58:31
it is a wonderful story that we00:58:34
have found unusual objects in the universe we00:58:36
can understand these vast cosmic00:58:39
horizons in a way that00:58:41
our ancestors could only dream of so it is a00:58:43
wonderful story00:58:45
supermassive black holes these are monsters00:58:48
living in the galactic cores of all legs00:58:51
they can devour everything around but they00:58:54
also give birth to stars and send00:58:57
energy-rich materials into the universe they00:58:59
arose simultaneously with their own00:59:02
galaxies and grew with them what00:59:06
role they played in the formation of the00:59:08
universe itself is a great mystery but the revelation of00:59:12
this mystery can be surprisingly close00:59:15
to apple and against the background of chin up your fancy00:59:19
translated and voiced by a company with dea00:59:21
media commissioned like red media heaven00:59:28
k1x00:59:36
[applause]Description:
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