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Channel: Максим Лазарев. Психолог

история

егэ

коллективизация

индустриализация

ссср

00:00:26

so hello everyone guys hello everyone how can you

00:00:29

see me how can you hear me

00:00:32

please write to the chat is everything okay is

00:00:33

everything cool so

00:00:54

great hello everyone guys hello everyone

00:00:57

how are you in the mood how are you doing are

00:00:59

you doing well by the way wish me good

00:01:02

luck I have a lot tomorrow An important day is

00:01:04

tomorrow, I have a thesis defense, yes,

00:01:07

read, I’m already at the finish line of

00:01:09

graduating from university, so I

00:01:13

will need luck and strength, today I

00:01:16

’m leaving home from St. Petersburg to Moscow and

00:01:20

tomorrow I’ll be at the university, so to speak, and

00:01:23

defend my work, yes, thank you, thank you very much

00:01:27

I see that so far our

00:01:30

guys are

00:01:31

connecting and, accordingly, the first

00:01:34

minutes of our lesson

00:01:36

are getting to know the teacher and

00:01:38

some general details of what we

00:01:41

will be going through. Thank you guys, thank you

00:01:43

very much, I love your support, I am doing what I

00:01:47

do, largely thanks,

00:01:48

so to speak, to the rays of your support

00:01:51

thank you very much, so friends, today

00:01:54

we will talk about the period of

00:01:57

Stalin’s rule, but we will not analyze everything

00:02:00

in its entirety, but specifically two processes that are

00:02:03

often encountered in the exam, namely

00:02:05

collectivization and industrialization,

00:02:07

however, before we begin to analyze the

00:02:10

topic itself, I will tell you a little about myself,

00:02:13

because I always at the bakery there will be guys

00:02:15

who came for the first time and don’t know

00:02:17

who I am, for people like that they call

00:02:19

me my name is Yura I am a

00:02:22

history teacher at an online school lecturer mind I

00:02:25

tell you here cool and

00:02:27

interesting facts to prepare for the Unified State Exam in

00:02:29

this subject myself I went a very

00:02:31

long way in 2017, I myself passed the

00:02:35

GPS round with 100 points, I didn’t make a

00:02:38

single mistake and thus

00:02:40

consolidated my result,

00:02:42

however, in order to enter the university of

00:02:45

my dreams in MGU 1 game was not

00:02:48

enough, that is, I passed here Unified State Examination

00:02:50

in English, History in Russian,

00:02:53

however, exams in the game format alone are

00:02:57

not enough to enter the Moscow State University; you need to pass another

00:03:00

exam, which is organized by the Moscow State University itself.

00:03:03

this exam is called devas and you

00:03:05

write it yourself

00:03:07

vir network these you come to Moscow and

00:03:09

so on I also wrote it perfectly it was

00:03:12

in history I got it with 97 points it

00:03:15

was the best result

00:03:16

my year of admission since then

00:03:19

many years have passed I am studying for 4 course at the Institute of

00:03:22

Asian and African Countries at Moscow State University and will soon

00:03:24

graduate from this educational institution, just

00:03:27

imagine that tomorrow I have a

00:03:29

diploma defense to teach history, I

00:03:32

also started a very long time ago, first as a

00:03:34

tutor and then as a teacher in an

00:03:37

online school lecturer, this happened back in

00:03:40

2018 then there are more than 3 years ago,

00:03:43

the average score of my students last

00:03:46

year in 2020 was 82 i7, this is much

00:03:49

higher than the average result of schoolchildren

00:03:52

who take the Unified State Exam in History on the side,

00:03:54

I am very proud of my students, these are the

00:03:57

guys who came with me to study

00:03:59

at my closed intensive course Now

00:04:02

many of them are studying at top universities in

00:04:05

Moscow State University Gema

00:04:06

Towers in St. Petersburg State University and so on they are very

00:04:10

cool I’m really proud of them I’m sure

00:04:12

that each of you can achieve the

00:04:15

same results so guys listen to me carefully and

00:04:18

remember everything and we move on to

00:04:21

today don’t forget to like the topic

00:04:24

and subscribe to my channel

00:04:26

there is a lot of important and interesting things here

00:04:28

and today friends we will analyze

00:04:32

collectivization and industrialization

00:04:35

let’s go for

00:04:36

20 minutes let’s go what the series will teach traffic jams

00:04:41

by the way I haven’t watched this series I don’t know

00:04:42

which one with Khabensky

00:04:43

I don’t know exactly this series I didn’t watch it

00:04:46

at all, I prefer

00:04:47

lectures with these different works of art,

00:04:49

they are more accurate and

00:04:51

objective, so let’s go

00:04:53

and we’ll start with the reasons for industrialization,

00:04:56

as you perfectly understand, the Unified State Exam in

00:04:59

history consists of understanding

00:05:01

historical facts and the most important thing for

00:05:03

you is to understand why

00:05:06

certain events happened and what they led to first,

00:05:09

we will look at the reasons for industrialization and

00:05:11

in general what industrialization is in

00:05:14

general with the process of industrialization itself, everything is

00:05:16

more or less clear, in fact,

00:05:19

industrialized

00:05:20

is a process that is aimed at

00:05:22

transforming a country from an agricultural one that

00:05:26

relies on agriculture into an

00:05:28

industrial one, that is, a country that

00:05:30

relies on industry, in simple

00:05:32

words, we are building a bunch of plants and factories and

00:05:36

so on, everything is simple, why did the

00:05:39

Soviet Union need it, there are

00:05:41

several reasons, first of all, it

00:05:42

was necessary to develop

00:05:45

heavy industry to strengthen the

00:05:48

country's defense capability, you can

00:05:50

grow a lot of

00:05:53

rye tires and so on, but bread will not strengthen your

00:05:56

country, you need to build a defense

00:06:00

industry and develop factories that produce

00:06:03

tanks, military aircraft and the Soviet

00:06:05

Union, this was very, very important, and

00:06:08

of course it is the elimination of

00:06:10

technical and economic backwardness to

00:06:12

create an independent

00:06:14

material and technical base that would

00:06:16

not depend on foreign powers,

00:06:18

if translated this is in simple language,

00:06:20

roughly speaking, we want to do everything ourselves

00:06:24

so that tractors, cars and everything else

00:06:27

are produced in the Soviet Union itself,

00:06:29

so that we do not buy it, do not

00:06:31

import it abroad, so that we

00:06:34

produce everything ourselves and do not depend on others,

00:06:37

these are the main goals

00:06:39

of industrialization and let's consider

00:06:42

how this process took place in our country in

00:06:45

general; the implementation of industrialization

00:06:48

begins at the end of the 20s,

00:06:50

due to the specifics of the Soviet Union, it is

00:06:53

impossible to name the exact year, so we have

00:06:56

here such a strange date 28 29

00:07:01

32 33

00:07:03

this is the first five-year plan, we remember that from the end of the

00:07:07

twenties the Soviet the union

00:07:09

developed according to the administrative-command

00:07:12

system

00:07:13

in Moscow, there was a separate body,

00:07:15

the State Planning Committee of the USSR,

00:07:17

which was engaged in economic

00:07:19

planning, the whole country lived according to this

00:07:22

same state plan, on the recommendations of

00:07:27

state planning bodies, that is, the

00:07:29

economy was non-market

00:07:30

and administrative-command, so

00:07:33

my plan was adopted in the twenty-eighth

00:07:36

year however, in fact, they began to

00:07:39

implement it only in the twenty-ninth,

00:07:41

so we have such a dating, not

00:07:43

entirely accurate 28 29, the first plan ended,

00:07:47

also not entirely accurate 32 33,

00:07:50

that is, the fact is that initially it

00:07:53

was supposed to end in the thirty-third,

00:07:55

but according to official data this is a

00:07:58

five-year the plan designed for five years

00:08:00

was completed in advance 4 years and 3 months

00:08:04

in advance, that is, they managed to meet it in a

00:08:07

shorter period of time, and that’s why we say that

00:08:09

our dates for the first five-year plan are

00:08:13

a little blurry,

00:08:15

don’t be surprised, there’s nothing wrong with that,

00:08:17

no, you won’t be

00:08:20

asked for sure, that’s why just remember,

00:08:22

we have the end of the 20s, the beginning of the 30s,

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respectively, within the framework I ask ts'ada

00:08:28

but not so clearly, that is, so, so they will

00:08:31

accept you, yes, that is, don’t worry, everything

00:08:34

will be fine, yes there 28 32 calm

00:08:37

you won’t have any more problems on the

00:08:42

Unified State Exam they ask the next moment what was

00:08:45

built in general, what to and the five-year plan is

00:08:48

for five years, respectively, this is the period

00:08:50

when

00:08:51

the state plan released such a list of what and how to

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do how many factories to build,

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how many factories need to be built there,

00:08:59

how many railway tracks need to be laid

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how many industrial facilities to build,

00:09:03

here is the plan for

00:09:05

what and how we are doing, and within the framework of the

00:09:07

first five-year plan, a huge

00:09:10

huge number of factories, factories and

00:09:13

industrial facilities were built,

00:09:15

let’s remember a few of them

00:09:17

just a little bit so that you have

00:09:19

examples of what was built during the first

00:09:22

five-year plan

00:09:23

well known, this is the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station, this is a

00:09:26

huge

00:09:28

hydroelectric power station on the bottom when

00:09:29

industrialization is achieved, no, it’s just

00:09:32

impossible to write the twenties or thirties,

00:09:34

yes, that is, as it’s

00:09:36

written here, it’s better to write like this, that

00:09:40

is, 20 30 no, that’s not true, yes, here are

00:09:44

still more precise dates, you just understand

00:09:47

here, depending on what you

00:09:49

take into account,

00:09:50

in the twenty-eighth year we

00:09:52

adopted 5 years as 29 and we began to

00:09:55

implement it, yes, that is, well, I think

00:09:58

the difference is clear; a

00:09:59

five-year plan was adopted when everyone agreed,

00:10:02

okay, we will have 5 years by 29 when we

00:10:05

began to implement that is, when they already

00:10:07

started to actually do something, that is, there’s

00:10:10

just such a bureaucratic nuance,

00:10:12

let’s say this means then after the first

00:10:16

five-year plan, we began the second

00:10:18

five-year plan from 33 to 37, respectively,

00:10:21

it was also completed beyond the plan, that

00:10:25

is, faster than these five years passed that

00:10:29

you guys need to remember about the second

00:10:30

five-year plan,

00:10:31

what was built and what the most important thing

00:10:34

happened, perhaps the most interesting and

00:10:36

important thing is the 1935 feat of the miner

00:10:40

Stakhanov, I think everyone has heard about it,

00:10:43

it means for what purpose the five-year plan was introduced, I did

00:10:47

n’t understand the question, please clarify

00:10:51

the five-year plan, after all, this is not Christ

00:10:53

who is here appeared, yes, it’s somehow different,

00:10:56

look, remember that Stakhanov was a

00:10:59

miner and one fine day he

00:11:02

broke the record for coal mining,

00:11:05

he used a new technique that

00:11:07

allowed him to produce a lot, a lot of

00:11:09

coal, for this he was made a hero and

00:11:12

shown to everyone as an example like,

00:11:14

let’s do it shock workers of production

00:11:16

show yes there when you assign

00:11:19

you do work as much as possible

00:11:21

and the Stakhanov movement began until

00:11:23

such hard workers who sought to

00:11:26

work as much as possible who sought to

00:11:28

benefit our

00:11:30

country as much as possible within the framework of the second five-year plan the

00:11:33

following industrial facilities were built,

00:11:36

we were told that they would keep it, we drank ourselves

00:11:38

absolutely right they told you,

00:11:40

but it happened much later, it’s just that

00:11:42

Stakhanov was very harsh there, they started

00:11:46

showing him everywhere, they gave him an apartment in

00:11:48

Moscow, a car, that is, luxury

00:11:50

literally fell from the sky for an ordinary simple guy,

00:11:53

a lot of money and

00:11:56

everything else fell and he just couldn’t stand it

00:11:58

and basically went down crazy that

00:12:00

also means, accordingly, the second

00:12:05

five-year plan we have here, what we are recording

00:12:08

we are recording, it means we are recording here the

00:12:14

Moscow metro in 1935,

00:12:17

respectively, why is this important because it was

00:12:20

in the thirty-fifth year that the metro was opened for the first time

00:12:24

in the Soviet Union,

00:12:27

here is the Moscow-Volga canal too

00:12:32

this is the second five-year plan, the thirty-seventh

00:12:34

year, remember that it

00:12:36

was dug up largely thanks to the labor of

00:12:38

prisoners, which means that the

00:12:41

Chelyabinsk tractor plant and

00:12:43

thousands of enterprises throughout the country were also built, that

00:12:46

is, they were built on a huge scale,

00:12:49

let's now figure out what the

00:12:52

pros and cons of industrialization were, the pros in

00:12:55

fact obviously, that is, in the first place, in a

00:12:57

short period of time,

00:12:58

literally in 10 years, heavy industry was created there,

00:13:02

and the Soviet Union ranked second in

00:13:04

the world in terms of industrial

00:13:05

production rates. The United States

00:13:08

also had factories and mills built in first place and 30

00:13:12

helped defeat Germany in the Great

00:13:14

Patriotic War

00:13:15

because they they produced defense

00:13:16

products, that is, there were tanks, planes,

00:13:20

etc., many jobs were also created

00:13:22

in cities and industrial

00:13:24

centers, that is, responsibly people

00:13:26

got the opportunity to live in the city and

00:13:28

work, this is important, also the products of

00:13:31

Soviet factories helped to

00:13:33

intensify the agricultural sector, if

00:13:35

translated into simple language, roughly

00:13:38

speaking Previously, peasants worked

00:13:40

there with a plow and a plow, there with an ox and a horse in

00:13:45

agriculture,

00:13:46

it was not very effective, but now

00:13:49

we have factories that produced

00:13:51

tractors and combines,

00:13:52

but you really agree that a more

00:13:54

efficient plow or tractor, it is clear

00:13:57

that a tractor is better, and therefore it

00:13:59

really happened

00:14:01

intensification of the agricultural sector, that is,

00:14:04

we had improved technical supply

00:14:06

to the countryside, along with this, many industrial goods

00:14:11

were now produced in the Soviet Union itself and

00:14:13

ours

00:14:14

were more independent from imports, that

00:14:17

is, we no longer had to

00:14:18

buy various types of

00:14:20

tractors and combines from abroad other things,

00:14:24

we produced it all ourselves and it’s

00:14:26

really cool, however,

00:14:29

industrialization also has disadvantages, first of all

00:14:32

it is damage to the agricultural sector,

00:14:35

the most important question that you may

00:14:37

have is where does the money come from for all this,

00:14:39

because all these factories, the

00:14:42

metro industry is a giant and

00:14:45

where does the money come from? they were taken from

00:14:48

agriculture and caused

00:14:50

very severe damage to agriculture. In fact, we

00:14:54

developed industry to the detriment of

00:14:56

agriculture.

00:14:57

Also, industrialization was aimed

00:15:01

at creating a heavy industrial base, that

00:15:05

is, factories that would produce

00:15:07

tractors, tanks, airplanes, and so on, but

00:15:10

about factories that would produce

00:15:12

light industry and textiles,

00:15:14

some kind of consumer goods

00:15:17

and they weren’t particularly cared for, so the

00:15:19

Soviet people had tanks and everything

00:15:22

else, but there weren’t different pairs of boots,

00:15:25

and that’s also bad, plus they always tried to

00:15:28

keep up with the quantity, that is, everyone

00:15:31

thought that the more the better and in

00:15:34

general, the quality was not always monitored,

00:15:36

so many factories simply hastily

00:15:39

minted low-quality products, which is

00:15:41

also naturally not very good, along

00:15:44

with this, the leadership of the Soviet Union

00:15:47

sometimes revised the goals of the five-year

00:15:50

plans and put forward simply impossible

00:15:52

conditions, well, just imagine, before you were given a

00:15:54

plan, they said you need do this and that and

00:15:57

that and after two weeks they said

00:15:59

let’s do it differently and told you

00:16:03

to do twice as much, of course

00:16:05

it’s hard, along with this there were problems and

00:16:09

with competition within the Soviet system

00:16:11

there was such a thing as

00:16:13

equalization in factories that we’re lazy that

00:16:16

shock workers were paid, plus or minus, it’s

00:16:18

equally clear that there were bonuses

00:16:21

and awards, distinctive badges,

00:16:24

and so on, but there was nothing that

00:16:27

in general would allow people to be

00:16:31

economically interested in their

00:16:34

work, it was such a serious problem,

00:16:36

now let’s talk about the agricultural

00:16:39

sector and about collectivization, that is, in

00:16:41

fact, with industrialization, plus or minus, it’s

00:16:43

clear that collectivization is much more complicated

00:16:46

and more interesting,

00:16:47

what is it anyway, because

00:16:50

we figured out industrialization, it’s clear that it’s

00:16:52

stupid to build factories and so

00:16:54

on, everything is clear here, but collectivization,

00:16:56

what is it, it’s already more complicated, collectivization

00:17:00

is the policy of uniting individual

00:17:04

peasant farms into collective

00:17:06

farms and state farms, which was carried out in

00:17:09

the Soviet Union from the late twenties to the thirty-

00:17:12

seventh year in the western regions of

00:17:14

the country,

00:17:16

in fact, complete collectivization

00:17:19

began in 1929, and that is,

00:17:23

in general, collective farms existed in the

00:17:26

twenties in the twenty-eighth year, a

00:17:28

policy began there to strengthen the

00:17:31

peasants before entering collective farms, however,

00:17:34

mass complete collectivization was

00:17:37

already in 1929, respectively, small small

00:17:42

individual farms

00:17:44

were transformed into large

00:17:46

cooperative production in order to

00:17:48

simplify the system of withdrawal of products and

00:17:52

provide, roughly speaking, this was all

00:17:54

done to make it easier for the peasants

00:17:57

take grain and receive more

00:18:00

products

00:18:01

because when the peasants lived on their

00:18:03

own

00:18:04

or on personal farms, they

00:18:06

hid the grain there and planted less than

00:18:09

necessary, the leadership set a clear goal to

00:18:12

get as much of this

00:18:16

grain as possible, to control the peasants as best as possible,

00:18:18

and collective farms were here like

00:18:20

never before By the way, let's understand the

00:18:23

reasons for collectivization, that's why it was

00:18:26

suddenly in the Soviet Union at the end of the

00:18:28

twenties that all these

00:18:31

poor peasants were required to drive collective farms until

00:18:33

all peasants had collective

00:18:36

property, first of all, friends,

00:18:39

everything is clear here

00:18:41

c demanded money, respectively, the first

00:18:43

main reason was getting funds for

00:18:45

needs of

00:18:46

industrialization, it was necessary to

00:18:48

take more grain from the peasants and sell more of it to

00:18:51

other countries, this is what

00:18:52

we received money for, the currency

00:18:55

that we spent on factories, etc., it

00:18:57

was also necessary to uninterruptedly supply the

00:19:00

city with food so that there would

00:19:02

always be bread in the cities and naturally increase the

00:19:05

influx of population into the city from the village to

00:19:07

we are introducing new equipment into collective farms,

00:19:10

tractors, combines, etc.,

00:19:11

respectively, free workers from the

00:19:15

collective farm, under special programs,

00:19:18

go to the city and become workers, and

00:19:21

so let's see when we

00:19:24

begin complete collectivization,

00:19:27

I emphasize that, in general, collective farms

00:19:29

existed on the territory of the Soviet

00:19:31

Union back in the twenties,

00:19:33

however, it was in 1929 that we began

00:19:39

complete collectivization,

00:19:41

that is, everyone everywhere began to be driven

00:19:44

into collective farms; this began in November

00:19:48

1929 and is associated with Stalin’s article in the

00:19:51

newspaper, the truth is the year of the great turning point, there

00:19:54

Stalin wrote that it was time to

00:19:56

move forward to socialism and,

00:19:59

accordingly, to carry out collectivization

00:20:01

and industrialization, he placed special emphasis

00:20:04

on collectivization, he

00:20:07

called on everyone to join collective farms, and

00:20:09

naturally many peasants did not want this;

00:20:21

you give all

00:20:24

your property into a common pot, you

00:20:27

give away the cattle there, you give away the tools

00:20:30

of labor, and so on, this is natural, many

00:20:33

especially wealthy peasants did not

00:20:35

like the wealthy peasants who were

00:20:37

then called kulaks,

00:20:39

naturally they did not want to join collective farms,

00:20:41

so in 1930 the policy of

00:20:45

dispossession of rich peasants was exiled

00:20:48

to Siberia.

00:20:49

took away their property and, in general,

00:20:51

fought with them very harshly;

00:20:53

nevertheless, the

00:20:54

peasants expressed their dissatisfaction

00:20:56

and the authorities realized that, in general, it was impossible to

00:21:00

put pressure on the peasants like this, that the

00:21:03

peasants still did not want to join

00:21:05

these collective farms; moreover, in the thirtieth year

00:21:08

we had a very big problem: the

00:21:11

peasants slaughtered a lot of livestock

00:21:14

because they did not want to give it to

00:21:16

public ownership; the peasants in

00:21:18

general sabotaged the

00:21:20

entry into these collective farms; the peasants

00:21:23

had the desire to do all this; they were

00:21:26

actually forced into these

00:21:28

collective farms; Stalin saw this and

00:21:31

in 1930 he wrote another article

00:21:35

called dizziness from

00:21:38

success, these two articles by Stalin you need to know,

00:21:41

guys, they are constantly asking for them

00:21:43

on e.g.

00:21:44

in the article dizziness from success, he

00:21:47

wrote that in general everything is good in the Soviet Union,

00:21:49

the policy of collectivization is going on but

00:21:52

with excesses, however, the leadership of the country, I am

00:21:56

Stalin and my subordinates have nothing to do with it,

00:21:59

these are all the excesses on the ground, we are here, I am

00:22:02

Stalin and my closest associates did not

00:22:05

order you to be forced into

00:22:08

collective farms, yes, we didn’t say that, these are all

00:22:12

small, all sorts of bureaucrats, this is

00:22:16

all the petty bosses here in the localities,

00:22:19

they are the ones who forcibly drive you away, collective farms, we, in

00:22:23

turn, are not to blame, we have nothing to do with the leadership

00:22:26

here, of course, the peasants, and

00:22:29

when they saw this, they began to do it

00:22:31

en masse from the collective farms to go out, yes, that is,

00:22:35

when they were told guys, we have nothing to do with it, they

00:22:37

forced you into this, could you

00:22:40

not have done this, yes, that is, you

00:22:41

understand that the population simply began to

00:22:44

leave these collective farms, nevertheless,

00:22:46

the management simply changed tactics

00:22:48

instead of forcibly driving the

00:22:51

peasants into collective farms they simply made

00:22:54

life outside the collective farms simply impossible,

00:22:57

they greatly increased taxes on

00:23:00

peasant farms and simply said

00:23:02

that those who do not join collective farms

00:23:05

will collect huge taxes from you and you

00:23:08

will not be able to raise them normally, as

00:23:10

a result, the peasants were simply

00:23:11

forced to join collective farms

00:23:13

then there is, after this article they left the

00:23:16

collective farms, but then they raised taxes on them

00:23:19

and they went back to these collective farms, as a

00:23:22

result, by the end of the thirties, one way or

00:23:25

another, all our peasants, plus or minus,

00:23:28

joined the collective farms, all this led to

00:23:31

very serious consequences on the collective farms. a

00:23:34

very difficult labor system there

00:23:37

was public property, collective farms

00:23:39

were not particularly effective in the end all

00:23:41

this all this policy led to a massive

00:23:43

famine in 32 thirty-three in the

00:23:46

Volga region and central Russia in Ukraine

00:23:48

and so on there was a real famine in

00:23:50

which many people died

00:23:52

let's talk guys It’s much more difficult to talk about the pros and

00:23:55

cons of collectivization,

00:23:58

because it’s easier to talk about industrialization,

00:24:00

after all, factories and factories are good,

00:24:02

but driving peasants into collective farms is a

00:24:05

completely different conversation, why the hell

00:24:07

can he come across the twenty-fourth

00:24:08

task about these very collectivization

00:24:12

pros and cons, you name them, let’s

00:24:15

figure it out first of all,

00:24:17

grain exports to Europe increased

00:24:19

due to the fact that it was very

00:24:22

easy to

00:24:23

confiscate grain from collective farms, that is, it was very

00:24:25

easy to control the peasants, and

00:24:27

thanks to this we increased

00:24:29

grain exports to Europe, this is definitely a plus

00:24:32

and we began to receive more

00:24:33

money; technical support also increased

00:24:36

the village, thanks to our

00:24:39

factories and other things, we were able to

00:24:41

supply tractors and combines to collective farms and now the

00:24:44

peasants worked there not with a plow and a plow,

00:24:46

but worked on tractors, this is cooler, also,

00:24:50

of course, the collectivization policy

00:24:52

spurred urbanization and by

00:24:55

the year thirty-nine, 33 percent of the population, that

00:24:58

is, a third of the country’s population

00:24:59

lived in cities we also

00:25:01

remember well that the Russian empire was an

00:25:03

agricultural country where almost

00:25:05

everyone was peasants, 85-90 percent of the

00:25:09

population,

00:25:10

also why was there export to Europe

00:25:15

to get money, this is the most important

00:25:18

source of income, currency,

00:25:20

we

00:25:21

practically couldn’t offer anything other than this grain,

00:25:23

we sold it to

00:25:26

Europe and we received money for this with this

00:25:28

money we lived until we built factories and

00:25:30

so on, also collectivization became the basis for

00:25:33

industrialization, it was for this that we

00:25:35

received money and also the peasants on

00:25:37

collective farms were easy to control for

00:25:39

the authorities, this is also certainly good, but

00:25:43

collectivization has even more disadvantages,

00:25:46

in fact, collectivization became a

00:25:48

real tragedy for the Russian

00:25:50

peasantry, a huge number of

00:25:53

peasants died; there was a massive famine in the

00:25:56

early thirties; it was associated both

00:25:59

with a bad harvest and with the ineffective

00:26:02

policies of the authorities; this is also generally

00:26:04

bad; also, the collective farms had an absolutely

00:26:07

monstrous wage system;

00:26:09

in fact, there were no wages on the collective farms;

00:26:13

just imagine on the collective farm you

00:26:15

worked according to the workday system,

00:26:18

that is, according to the mark for going to work, you

00:26:21

received this mark and then at

00:26:24

the end of the month you received part of the products produced for this,

00:26:27

just imagine, no one

00:26:29

paid you any money, you were paid only with part of

00:26:32

the production, this is essentially almost

00:26:34

payment in kind labor also an hour for

00:26:38

private farms, the most

00:26:40

efficient was almost destroyed, the entire

00:26:43

farm was collective in one way or another, the

00:26:44

peasants only had

00:26:47

small plots of land for

00:26:49

personal use,

00:26:50

all commercial farming was on collective farms,

00:26:54

also due to the fact that peasants were forced into

00:26:57

these collective farms, our

00:26:59

livestock decreased cattle because the cattle

00:27:01

were declared public property and the

00:27:03

people also reacted to this, in general, it was

00:27:05

just that these cattle were slaughtered, in fact,

00:27:08

collectivization, although it brought money to the

00:27:11

treasury, became a tragedy for the Russian

00:27:13

peasantry, people died and

00:27:15

collectivization is very, very difficult to remember,

00:27:18

use these arguments when

00:27:21

you answer the twenty-fourth

00:27:23

task, friends, today we

00:27:26

talked about yes, collective farmers did not have

00:27:29

passports until the time of

00:27:31

Brezhnev’s rule, absolutely true, yes,

00:27:34

and friends, today we discussed

00:27:38

collectivization and industrialization with you, two

00:27:41

very important processes for the history of Russia, in

00:27:44

just 20 minutes you learned these complex

00:27:46

topics and now, in such a short

00:27:48

time, learning useful information is

00:27:51

more important than all the shores; just

00:27:54

a little bit, literally 2 months are left and you

00:27:57

will already find yourself in school,

00:27:59

you will be writing the Unified State Exam, history is a huge

00:28:02

subject, it takes in its volume and

00:28:04

the most difficult period in the history of Russia and the

00:28:07

whole world in general is the first half of the

00:28:10

twentieth century for Russia is Nicholas of the

00:28:13

second revolution, the party system, the

00:28:16

Soviet Union in the 20th and 30th revolutions, 1917, the

00:28:21

Great Patriotic War, in

00:28:23

the end, which became a really difficult

00:28:26

topic on the Unified State Exam, guys, we

00:28:30

will understand all this in the lecturer you in

00:28:32

April, ask yourself if it’s okay do you know

00:28:35

these topics like you, for example, with the parties

00:28:38

under Nicholas II? do

00:28:40

you know well the sequence of

00:28:42

events of the Russian revolution of 1917? do

00:28:45

you know the internal party struggle in 20?

00:28:58

no, now is the time to think about it.

00:29:01

In April, in 12 lessons of one and a

00:29:05

half to two hours with full-length scripts,

00:29:08

notes

00:29:09

and a lot of useful information, we will

00:29:11

analyze the first half of the twentieth

00:29:14

century, friends, and after a month of our classes

00:29:17

you will know this period perfectly

00:29:20

just today. code word time,

00:29:23

yes, here at our presentation, if you

00:29:26

write me this word in private

00:29:29

messages,

00:29:30

you can receive absolutely free of charge

00:29:38

any special course for registration for our April intensive as a gift, and together with the first

00:29:41

half of the twentieth century, the most difficult

00:29:43

period, I remind you to care about culture,

00:29:46

world history

00:29:48

and something else so write the code word

00:29:50

time and sign up there is just a

00:29:53

little time left I say goodbye to you

00:29:56

write the code word time everyone good luck to

00:29:59

everyone bye bye

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