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Анонс. 2. "Всем готовиться к земле?" Хроники и темники Третьей мировой №17.2 от Эдуарда Ходоса

Анонс. 2. "Всем готовиться к земле?" Хроники и темники Третьей мировой №17.2 от Эдуарда Ходоса

Channel: Эдуард Ходос - Анонс

EpicHistoryTV

Эпичная история

история

Наполеон

наполеоновская

Россия

военная история

Наполеоновские войны

Александр 1

Александр

Бонапарт

Мюрат

Ней

Кутузов

Франция

military history

1813 год заграничные походы

заграничные походы

заграничные походы русской армии

внешняя политика александра 1

Война шестой коалиции

ЕГЭ

заграничный поход

Битва под Лейпцигом

Битва народов

отечественная война

наполеона

поражение наполеона

взятие парижа

война во франции

война 1812

эпичнаяистория

заграничныйпоход

наполеон

00:00:01

[music]

00:00:11

not

00:00:15

1812 was a catastrophic year for Napoleon;

00:00:17

his invasion of Russia

00:00:20

led to the almost complete destruction of an

00:00:23

army of half a million;

00:00:27

now Poland and Germany were open

00:00:30

to a broad Russian offensive;

00:00:33

those close to Emperor Alexander

00:00:35

advised concluding a profitable peace with

00:00:37

Napoleon

00:00:38

since the Russian army was not in the

00:00:40

best shape

00:00:41

and the western part of the country was devastated

00:00:44

but Alexander was determined to see

00:00:47

Napoleon defeated forever

00:00:49

free Europe from his clutches and

00:00:52

avenge the destruction of Moscow by capturing

00:00:55

Paris

00:00:56

[music]

00:00:58

Napoleon's allies were abandoning him Russian

00:01:02

troops had already concluded a truce with the

00:01:04

Russians

00:01:05

Schwarzenberg's corps moved back to

00:01:08

Austria which now adhered to

00:01:10

the policy vigilant neutrality,

00:01:13

Napoleon left Marshal Murat at the head of the

00:01:16

remnants of the army, but he left for the

00:01:18

Kingdom of Naples,

00:01:20

I hope to conclude a deal with the allies

00:01:23

that would allow him to retain the throne,

00:01:27

he was replaced by Napoleon's stepson, who

00:01:31

showed himself to be a brave and capable

00:01:33

soldier in Russia, but he was not used to

00:01:35

independent command about the

00:01:37

ratio forces were against him

00:01:40

four to one as

00:01:43

Russian troops advanced through Poland, he continued to

00:01:47

retreat to the west leaving garrisons

00:01:49

to hold strategic fortresses,

00:01:52

most of which were soon

00:01:54

condemned. On

00:01:57

February 7, Russian troops entered Warsaw

00:02:00

without resistance, the Polish state

00:02:03

with Napoleon's telit, the Duchy of Warsaw

00:02:07

in fact ceased to exist

00:02:10

after three weeks Russian troops entered

00:02:13

Berlin at that time Sweden joined the

00:02:17

coalition

00:02:21

Sweden was ruled by Napoleon's former marshal

00:02:24

Bernadotte now officially known as

00:02:27

Crown Prince Karl Johan

00:02:29

many accused him of betraying

00:02:31

Napoleon but he always made it clear

00:02:34

that by becoming Crown Prince of Sweden he

00:02:37

would pursue Swedish interests, which

00:02:39

he now argued, in exchange for

00:02:42

Norway taken from its ally France and

00:02:45

Denmark and 1 million pounds sterling from

00:02:48

Britain,

00:02:49

Bernadotte agreed to join the

00:02:52

sixth coalition against France with an army of

00:02:56

30 thousand people ten days later,

00:03:00

King Frederick William of Prussia declared

00:03:04

war on France weeks of

00:03:07

indecisiveness followed the king, everyone considered him weak

00:03:10

in character and feared Napoleon,

00:03:13

but with guarantees of Russian military

00:03:16

support for the return of lost

00:03:18

territories and enormous financial and

00:03:20

material assistance from

00:03:22

Great Britain, he agreed to field an

00:03:25

army of 80,000 people

00:03:27

[music] On

00:03:29

March 17, Frederick William issued

00:03:32

an appeal to the people of Prussia Germany

00:03:34

online volk

00:03:35

to my people calling on them to fight for the

00:03:39

honor of Prussia and Germany later this will

00:03:42

go down in history as the

00:03:43

German War of Liberation the Prussian

00:03:48

army was significantly reformed

00:03:50

after its humiliating defeat

00:03:51

of Napoleon in 1806 a military commission

00:03:56

headed by General von Scharnhorst he

00:03:59

dismissed almost 200 old

00:04:02

generals abolished flogging

00:04:04

expanded recruitment and introduced examinations for

00:04:07

officers and also revised the training of

00:04:10

soldiers in tactics and drill

00:04:13

[music]

00:04:17

when two months later on the field he

00:04:19

met the new Prussian army in battle, he

00:04:22

noticed these animals and indeed

00:04:25

learned something of what they

00:04:28

learned most from him was little consolation,

00:04:32

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00:04:35

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00:04:39

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world a better place

00:05:16

[applause]

00:05:18

[music]

00:05:27

[music ]

00:05:33

while his enemies concentrated

00:05:35

in Germany

00:05:36

Napoleon in Paris worked tirelessly to

00:05:39

create a new army

00:05:40

to counter them 137 thousand

00:05:44

recruits joined the army

00:05:46

laws were passed to conscript another 100 thousand

00:05:50

while 40 thousand army veterans in

00:05:52

Spain 16 thousand marines and

00:05:56

80,000 soldiers of the National Guard of the

00:05:59

Homeland Defense Forces were transferred to

00:06:02

Germany; the recruits were nicknamed Marie

00:06:06

Louise in honor of Napoleon's young wife

00:06:08

who, in his absence, adopted new

00:06:11

laws on conscription; they were

00:06:14

young and inexperienced;

00:06:16

two-thirds were in their teens; there was an acute

00:06:19

shortage of experienced officers and sergeants,

00:06:22

literally countless irreplaceable

00:06:25

veterans now lying on Russian soil

00:06:28

[music] there

00:06:30

was also a critical shortage of cavalry

00:06:33

crisis ridiculed and and British

00:06:35

satirical my Napoleon took

00:06:39

a long time to replace the many

00:06:42

thousands of horses and trained riders who

00:06:44

died in Russia when Napoleon

00:06:48

left Paris for Germany in mid-April the

00:06:50

position of the French was shaky

00:06:53

dinner was forced to retreat across the Elbe River

00:06:57

to the fortified city of Magdeburg Dresden

00:07:01

the capital of Saxony fell to the Prussians

00:07:06

Duchy of Mecklenburg Svirin became the

00:07:09

first German state to leave

00:07:12

Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine Russian

00:07:15

Cossacks raided Hamburg

00:07:18

inspiring the locals to rebel against the

00:07:20

French

00:07:21

occupying forces meanwhile Austria

00:07:26

remained neutral for now

00:07:28

that while refusing support from either

00:07:31

side,

00:07:35

Napoleon's extraordinary organizational talent allowed him to gather

00:07:38

more than 200 thousand soldiers in Germany did not disappear anywhere

00:07:43

and the charisma of the emperor, the fighting spirit of his

00:07:47

army was at its best On April 28, the Russians

00:07:52

lost their famous commander

00:07:54

Field Marshal Kutuzov,

00:07:58

his role was taken over by General

00:08:00

Wittgenstein Russian troops were exhausted

00:08:04

and far from home, the army was

00:08:07

weakening due to the need

00:08:09

to contain the French garrison and

00:08:11

throughout Poland and Germany,

00:08:14

Prussia and Sweden had not yet fully

00:08:16

mobilized their forces and the coalition

00:08:19

troops and 2 amounted to 100 thousand people,

00:08:24

now Napoleon greatly outnumbered them

00:08:27

and the French emperor decided

00:08:30

strike quickly he ordered Marshal

00:08:34

Boa to go to Hamburg with thirty-

00:08:36

five thousand men to ensure the

00:08:38

safety of his northern flank the

00:08:40

emperor decided to move against the Russian

00:08:43

and Prussian troops approaching

00:08:45

Leipzig to force a decisive

00:08:48

battle a victory would make Austria

00:08:50

think twice about joining the

00:08:52

allies

00:08:53

would save 90 thousands of people

00:08:55

were locked in garrisons throughout Germany and

00:08:58

Poland and to restore their dominance

00:09:01

over Europe

00:09:14

when Napoleon marched on Liptsy

00:09:17

the Allies were in the difficult

00:09:19

position

00:09:20

of risking fighting Napoleon's larger army

00:09:23

or surrendering Germany without a fight, which

00:09:26

could have dealt a crushing blow to the

00:09:28

morale of the Allies and deprived them

00:09:31

chances of winning Austria over to their side, the

00:09:35

Allied command made a bold

00:09:38

decision to attack;

00:09:40

they knew that most of

00:09:42

Napoleon's army consisted of untrained

00:09:44

recruits;

00:09:45

that their own troops were better

00:09:47

trained and had great

00:09:49

superiority in cavalry and artillery;

00:09:55

the Allies agreed that as soon as

00:09:58

Napoleon crossed the river in the hall

00:10:00

they would strike on his right flank,

00:10:03

before he could concentrate all his

00:10:05

forces, the two armies moved towards each

00:10:08

other, but Napoleon's lack of cavalry

00:10:11

meant that he did not have complete

00:10:13

information about the movements of the allies. On

00:10:17

May 1, more shall be sure that the

00:10:19

cavalry commander in Murat's absence himself

00:10:21

carried out reconnaissance when he was attacked. hit by a

00:10:26

cannonball and he died on the spot without er

00:10:31

was the second of Napoleon's marshals killed

00:10:33

in battle as elan

00:10:35

he was an old comrade and faithful friend of

00:10:38

the emperor

00:10:41

the allies managed to take Napoleon

00:10:43

by surprise by attacking the 3rd corps of the marshal

00:10:46

on and under Lützen

00:10:48

the troops could not resist the onslaught of the

00:10:51

Russian-Prussians and while

00:10:53

Napoleon quickly redirected his

00:10:55

corps to the enemy's flanks

00:10:58

[music]

00:11:02

at one point Napoleon had to personally

00:11:05

help rally the demoralized troops

00:11:08

as they began to retreat in the face of

00:11:10

determined Prussian attacks but on the whole the

00:11:13

young recruits fought courageously

00:11:14

and despite hours of fierce

00:11:19

fighting Wittgenstein was unable to take advantage of

00:11:21

his early advantage when

00:11:24

French reinforcements arrived

00:11:26

the battle turned against the coalition army

00:11:29

by dusk the allies were forced to

00:11:32

break off the fighting although they inflicted about

00:11:35

22,000 casualties on the enemy with half that number

00:11:41

among them was the mortally wounded General

00:11:43

von Scharnhorst

00:11:47

but Napoleon's lack of cavalry

00:11:50

meant that he could not pursue the

00:11:52

enemy, who was retreating in good order,

00:11:56

expecting that the Prussians would retreat to Berlin,

00:11:59

Napoleon, according to the marshal, did not pursue, but

00:12:01

himself continued to the east,

00:12:06

but the Allied army held together,

00:12:08

retreating to a defensive position on the

00:12:11

scene,

00:12:12

intending to close to the Austrian border in the

00:12:15

hope of tempting Schwarzenberg to

00:12:17

intervene and force Napoleon

00:12:19

to violate Austrian neutrality

00:12:22

[music]

00:12:24

neither of these happened instead

00:12:28

Napoleon ordered a turn

00:12:31

south to attack the Allies' northern flank

00:12:33

while he launched a

00:12:36

frontal attack to pin them in

00:12:38

place

00:12:44

the battle lasted two days as the

00:12:47

French infantry fought their way through

00:12:49

Prussian and Russian lines but a

00:12:52

misunderstanding of the orders name caused a

00:12:54

delay which allowed the Allies to

00:12:57

narrowly escape Napoleon's trap

00:13:02

and again the Allies fought with great

00:13:06

determination and inflicted many more

00:13:08

casualties than they suffered during the

00:13:12

pursuit, many more

00:13:14

French were killed including General di Rocca,

00:13:16

Napoleon's closest friend, Grant Marshal

00:13:19

of the Imperial Household in charge for the

00:13:22

personal secret police of the emperor,

00:13:24

as part of Napoleon's retinue, he observed the

00:13:27

regar in this battle of the retreating

00:13:29

Russian-Prussian army, when suddenly a

00:13:31

cannon shot ricocheted into a tree and

00:13:34

inflicted a mortal wound;

00:13:36

his slow and painful death

00:13:38

deeply upset Napoleon; the emperor

00:13:42

continued the pursuit to Breslau and

00:13:44

again faced a lack of experienced

00:13:47

cavalry while Dean was sent

00:13:50

north to take Berlin but was held

00:13:53

in the Ukrainian bow by von Bülow's narrow corps

00:13:57

on June 2, when both sides were tense

00:14:00

to the limit, neutral Austria

00:14:02

proposed a temporary ceasefire, to

00:14:05

which, to the surprise of many, Napoleon

00:14:07

agreed to

00:14:24

a truce in the forest vice a

00:14:27

period of intense

00:14:30

diplomacy and military mobilization on both

00:14:32

sides would last more than two months;

00:14:34

Napoleon needed time to

00:14:36

rebuild his cavalry, the shortage

00:14:39

of which twice allowed the Allies to

00:14:41

avoid destruction,

00:14:43

but he also wanted to keep Austria on the

00:14:45

sidelines, which he feared might

00:14:48

join the Allies with an

00:14:50

army of 200 thousand, although the Emperor French 1

00:14:54

was now his father-in-law since Napoleon

00:14:57

married his daughter Marie Louise in

00:15:01

1810, the Austrian Foreign Minister

00:15:04

Clemens von Metternich, who became one of the

00:15:07

most influential

00:15:08

statesmen of Europe in the 19th century, already

00:15:11

occupied a central position in his

00:15:14

country, the meter wanted peace and the restoration of

00:15:16

Austria as great European power,

00:15:18

which meant containing Napoleon but not

00:15:22

destroying him, since this would transfer

00:15:24

too much power to Russia. In June, he

00:15:28

went to Dresden to ask

00:15:31

Napoleon to make concessions, promising the

00:15:33

allies that if he did not,

00:15:36

Austria would join them, but Napoleon

00:15:40

immediately rejected Metternich's conditions

00:15:43

he will not return or raise the provinces of

00:15:46

Austria will not agree to the re-

00:15:48

partition of Poland or the collapse of the Confederation of the Rhine,

00:15:51

all this was out of the

00:15:53

question,

00:15:56

Napoleon then threw his hat to the

00:15:59

ground in a rage, peace and war are in the hands of

00:16:02

your Majesty, the meter warned him

00:16:05

today you can still

00:16:10

it may be too late to make peace tomorrow,

00:16:14

but Napoleon preferred war to what

00:16:17

he called a humiliating peace

00:16:22

[music]

00:16:27

[applause]

00:16:33

[applause] On

00:16:36

August 12, 1813, Austria

00:16:40

joined the sixth coalition and

00:16:43

declared war on France,

00:16:46

now the allies had a numerical

00:16:48

advantage of three to two

00:16:50

and a new strategy plan truchen berg

00:16:55

recognizing the genius of napoleon the allies

00:16:57

avoided fighting the emperor directly and

00:17:00

instead targeted his marshals

00:17:02

threatened his flanks and wore down the

00:17:05

french troops until it was time to

00:17:07

approach a pitched battle

00:17:11

over the next few months

00:17:14

the coalition also received massive

00:17:16

material support from britain

00:17:18

including 8 million pounds silver

00:17:21

gold coin 200 cannons with vehicles

00:17:25

120 thousand firearms

00:17:28

18 million cartridges 23 thousand barrels of

00:17:32

gunpowder

00:17:33

30 thousand swords and sabers one hundred fifty

00:17:36

thousand uniform

00:17:39

175 thousand pairs of boots 680 thousand

00:17:43

kilograms of beef and flour and 100 6000

00:17:47

liters of rum and brandy total

00:17:50

British coalition aid in 1813

00:17:54

amounted to 11 and 3 million pounds, which

00:17:58

today is about half a billion

00:18:00

dollars;

00:18:02

Napoleon, meanwhile, turned Dresden

00:18:04

into a large supply depot and replenished

00:18:07

his cavalry, although it remained a

00:18:09

pale shadow of its glorious past,

00:18:13

Murat returned to lead them, his

00:18:16

secret proposal to the allies was

00:18:18

rejected but when news arrived of the

00:18:22

disastrous defeat of King Joseph

00:18:25

Anglais by Wellington's Portuguese army

00:18:27

at the Battle of Vitoria,

00:18:30

Napoleon had to send a marshal from

00:18:32

ul.to one of his best commanders

00:18:34

to save the situation. On

00:18:41

August 15, Napoleon set out from Dresden

00:18:44

to meet what he considered his most

00:18:47

serious the threat of a united bar of the

00:18:50

Russian universal army under the

00:18:52

command of General Gebhard von

00:18:54

Blücher, who soon received the nickname

00:18:56

Marshal Forward for his aggressive

00:18:59

leadership and the words he constantly repeated in

00:19:02

battle, forward forward, but Luther

00:19:06

followed new tactics and retreated

00:19:09

when he learned of Napoleon’s approach,

00:19:11

then the emperor received the news from

00:19:14

Marshal Saint-Cyr, who held the Watt

00:19:16

residence with twenty thousand people,

00:19:18

that Schwarzenberg's gigantic army

00:19:21

was approaching Bohemia and the city of his

00:19:24

supply was in danger,

00:19:27

Napoleon left Marshal MacDonald to

00:19:29

keep an eye on Blücher

00:19:31

and rushed back to Dresden; the ambassador to

00:19:34

Van Damme's first corps disrupted

00:19:36

communications with Schwarzenberg

00:19:41

by the time the coalition offensive began

00:19:43

when there were enough

00:19:46

reinforcements to repulse the attack

00:19:51

[applause]

00:19:53

the next day Napoleon, despite the

00:19:56

significant numerical superiority of

00:19:57

the enemy, ordered a counterattack

00:20:02

breaking through the mud and pouring

00:20:04

rain Marshal Murat's offensive,

00:20:06

supported by Victor's second corps,

00:20:09

broke through the left flank of the allies and

00:20:12

13 thousand prisoners were captured the allies

00:20:17

suffered a crushing defeat

00:20:19

because they ignored their

00:20:21

own rule not to engage

00:20:24

Napoleon but soon news came

00:20:28

that turned the situation on its

00:20:30

head Marshal Dean resumed his

00:20:33

attack on Berlin with 60 thousand

00:20:36

men but within three days of heavy

00:20:40

fighting around Grosbury he was defeated by

00:20:43

Bernadotte's northern army the most

00:20:47

fierce battles took place between

00:20:49

Saxony, Napoleon's ally, and

00:20:51

von Bülow's Prussians,

00:20:53

two German states that

00:20:56

remained on opposite

00:20:58

sides three days later, on the Karbach River,

00:21:03

Blucher inflicted a crushing defeat on

00:21:06

Marshal MacDonald,

00:21:07

driving part of the French troops into the river itself.

00:21:12

MacDonald lost 30,000 people, 3 eagles

00:21:16

and 100 guns in while Blücher

00:21:19

lost 22,000 men

00:21:22

three days after Napoleon's victory at

00:21:25

Dresden

00:21:26

while pursuing an ally in

00:21:28

Van Damme's corps, he was trapped in the wooded

00:21:31

valleys around the cul May

00:21:35

General Vandamme himself was captured by the Cossacks and pulled off his

00:21:38

horse

00:21:39

when he was captured by

00:21:45

Napoleon. sent not to replace Oudino,

00:21:47

who entered into battle with the Prussian

00:21:49

corps of Belov, in the face of a genius, the

00:21:53

Prussians, fighting to save Berlin,

00:21:56

held out until

00:21:58

Russian and Swedish reinforcements arrived and

00:22:00

decisively turned the tide of the battle in

00:22:03

favor of the allies; the retreat

00:22:08

turned into a rout with the loss of another 22

00:22:11

thousand man Napoleon's brilliant victory

00:22:16

at Dresden was completely

00:22:18

undone in just 10 days the

00:22:22

Allied plan worked Napoleon

00:22:26

became increasingly depressed

00:22:28

as the Allied armies retreated

00:22:30

wherever he advanced and advanced where he

00:22:34

was not

00:22:36

his teenage recruits were exhausted by

00:22:39

constant marches and hunger since

00:22:42

Saxony was decided supplies, thousands of

00:22:47

people fell ill or deserted, Russian

00:22:53

and Prussian light troops were

00:22:55

now operating behind Napoleon's army, disrupting

00:22:58

his communications with France, many of

00:23:03

Napoleon's marshals advised him to

00:23:06

retreat to the Rhine, but Napoleon definitely

00:23:09

decided not to surrender Germany without a fight

00:23:11

[music]

00:23:24

by October 1813, Napoleon

00:23:27

was facing 3 million allies troops in

00:23:30

Germany approaching him from three

00:23:33

directions, one and a half thousand

00:23:37

kilometers from here, Field Marshal Wellington

00:23:39

was crossing the river, trouble, words from

00:23:41

France, this is the first enemy army on

00:23:44

French soil in almost 20 years,

00:23:48

while the Bavarian kingdom has been an ally of

00:23:50

France since the time of Austerlitz,

00:23:52

which she agreed to move to another

00:23:55

side and declare war on France On October 14,

00:24:04

Napoleon planned to defend the line of the Elbe River,

00:24:10

but the arrival of the reserve Russian army of

00:24:13

General Bennigsen freed Blücher,

00:24:15

who unexpectedly set out to

00:24:17

join Bernadotte and made his way through the

00:24:21

Elbe apartments in Bourke. Napoleon went

00:24:27

north with 150 thousand soldiers in

00:24:30

search of a decisive battle that would

00:24:33

turn the the course of the war, but Blücher again

00:24:36

barely escaped him, then news came

00:24:41

from Murat, who had

00:24:42

been left with sixty-seven

00:24:44

thousand men to cover

00:24:46

Schwarzenberg, the enemy had bypassed Dresden and

00:24:49

was heading towards Leipzig if the city fell,

00:24:54

Napoleon would be cut off from France, he was

00:24:59

again advised to retreat to the Rhine, but

00:25:03

instead Napoleon ordered

00:25:04

to concentrate everything his forces in Leipzig

00:25:09

he will risk everything in one great battle

00:25:12

to decide the fate of his empire and the

00:25:15

fate of Europe

00:25:18

[music]

00:25:31

October 1813 Napoleon Bonaparte

00:25:36

faced the greatest crisis

00:25:39

since becoming Emperor of France 9 years

00:25:42

ago his long war in Spain

00:25:44

ended in defeat and the Anglo the Spanish

00:25:47

Portuguese army now crossed the

00:25:50

Pyrenees to invade France itself in

00:25:55

Germany the Bavarian kingdom switched

00:25:58

sides and joined the

00:26:00

sixth coalition against France

00:26:03

while in Saxony Napoleon faced

00:26:05

four armies attacking him

00:26:08

from all sides;

00:26:10

moreover, these were no longer the same losers

00:26:14

that he defeated in 1805 and 1806

00:26:18

at Austerlitz and the Yen Prussia Austria and

00:26:22

Russia learned from their mistakes

00:26:24

now they were better organized

00:26:26

trained and led and more cautious

00:26:30

towards Napoleon

00:26:35

the largest coalition force and was the

00:26:37

Bohemian army under the command of the

00:26:39

Austrian field marshal Prince

00:26:41

Schwarzenberg

00:26:43

it was huge mixed Austrian

00:26:47

Russian-Prussian army

00:26:49

194 thousand people and 790 guns in

00:26:54

the north Blücher's army of Selets and the northern

00:26:58

army under the command of former Marshal

00:27:00

Napoleon Bernadotte now Crown

00:27:03

Prince of Sweden

00:27:04

together 130 thousand people and 536 guns in the

00:27:09

[music]

00:27:10

southeast Polish army of General

00:27:13

Bennigsen besieging the bed surrendered another 34

00:27:17

thousand men and 135 guns in

00:27:23

total the coalition fielded 360 thousand

00:27:27

men and one and a half thousand guns with

00:27:30

Russia making up the bulk of the troops

00:27:35

the only unique addition to

00:27:38

Bernadotte's northern army

00:27:40

was one detachment of British rocket

00:27:42

artillery an

00:27:43

experimental weapon system

00:27:45

based on a convex missile

00:27:48

although their high-explosive warhead was

00:27:51

incredibly inaccurate it could be

00:27:54

devastating at close range

00:27:58

Napoleon's forces in the Leipzig area

00:28:01

were outnumbered almost two

00:28:03

to one but with 200,000 men and 700

00:28:07

guns the Grand Army was still a force to be

00:28:10

reckoned with with

00:28:13

many experienced troops and commanders

00:28:15

even though it

00:28:17

relied more on young conscripts

00:28:24

there were another 140 thousand people whom

00:28:27

Napoleon could not call up

00:28:30

General Rap's 10th corps was surrounded in

00:28:34

Danzig Marshal Saint-Cyr's first corps

00:28:36

blocked in Dresden Marshal Davout's 13th corps

00:28:41

held Hamburg as well as several

00:28:44

small besieged garrisons throughout

00:28:46

Germany and Poland

00:28:49

Napoleon was about 30

00:28:52

kilometers north of Leipzig with the

00:28:54

bulk of his army at the same

00:28:57

time Marshal Murat 60 kilometers to the south with

00:29:00

90 thousand people covering

00:29:03

Schwarzenberg Napoleon decided to quickly

00:29:05

join Murat

00:29:07

and having a temporary superiority in

00:29:09

numbers would defeat Schwarzenberg

00:29:12

before Bernadotte and Blücher could to

00:29:14

come to the aid

00:29:17

Murat was ordered to conduct a military

00:29:20

retreat to the north, but at the Libert

00:29:25

Volnitsa he was drawn into a major

00:29:27

battle with the enemy vanguard.

00:29:30

About 12 thousand horsemen fought in

00:29:34

what some describe as the largest

00:29:37

cavalry battle in the history of Europe.

00:29:39

Murat, as always, was in the thick of things and

00:29:43

barely was not captured by the Russians,

00:29:46

the battle ended with a minor

00:29:48

victory for the coalition with losses of about 2

00:29:51

thousand people on each side, the

00:29:55

next day Napoleon arrived to

00:29:58

take command

00:30:01

[music] On

00:30:19

October 16, Napoleon concentrated most of

00:30:22

his forces south of Leipzig

00:30:25

[music]

00:30:27

field marshal Schwarzenberg, meanwhile,

00:30:30

contrary to the advice of the Russians, deployed his

00:30:33

army on both sides of the river plaza, which

00:30:35

made it difficult for him to move

00:30:38

throughout the battle,

00:30:40

Napoleon entrusted the northern sector to the Marshal of the

00:30:43

Union with the order to monitor Blücher and

00:30:45

Bernadotte am,

00:30:48

but the emperor expected them no earlier than a

00:30:51

day later and therefore received order

00:30:54

to transfer most of his troops to the

00:30:57

south to attack Schwarzenberg,

00:31:01

Schwarzenberg however knew that Blücher and

00:31:04

Bernadotte were closer than Napoleon expected

00:31:06

and that Bennigsen was also marching from

00:31:11

Dresden at

00:31:13

exactly this moment and the coalition was waiting for

00:31:16

all their armies to unite against

00:31:19

Napoleon with overwhelming numerical

00:31:22

superiority, but the coalition headquarters did not

00:31:27

had nothing to do with Napoleon's headquarters

00:31:30

the will of one man did not decide everything

00:31:33

Schwarzenberg had to try

00:31:35

to coordinate the actions of 3 large armies

00:31:38

representing three separate

00:31:40

states and although he was

00:31:42

commander in chief

00:31:43

his plans still needed the approval of

00:31:46

Emperor Alexander as supreme

00:31:48

commander at this time he was also

00:31:51

negotiating with the king of Prussia and the

00:31:53

Emperor of Austria, all of whom

00:31:56

were present at his headquarters, a

00:31:58

plan was eventually agreed upon

00:32:01

under which General Wittgenstein's group of corps

00:32:05

was to lead the attack

00:32:07

in four main columns with two

00:32:10

Austrian flank attacks west

00:32:12

of the dress. At 8 a.m. the bombardment of the

00:32:17

front line began when the Russians, Austrian and

00:32:20

Prussian infantry regiments advanced across the

00:32:23

cold, muddy fields of the Wachau in a dispute fell

00:32:30

under the pressure of the Russian infantry but the fire of the

00:32:32

French artillery did not allow them to

00:32:35

advance further

00:32:37

then the second corps of Victor

00:32:39

counterattacked, recapturing the village with bayonets

00:32:44

[applause]

00:32:47

that morning the Wachau changed hands twice more

00:32:51

these bloody battles for The small

00:32:54

Saxon villages

00:32:56

typified the fighting around Leipzig under

00:33:01

Markley Pergamon. The Russian 2nd Kleist Corps

00:33:06

knocked out the Polish defenders after fierce fighting while

00:33:10

on the left bank the

00:33:11

Austrian 2nd Corps peace veldt

00:33:13

fought for wooded ground to

00:33:16

attack the well-defended villages their

00:33:19

advance on horseback had passed. Successfully, the

00:33:21

Austrians also held out in the division

00:33:24

but suffered heavy losses on the right

00:33:29

flank at about ten o'clock in the morning. The 4th corps of

00:33:32

the wedge occupied the hill towards Lemberg and

00:33:36

made its way into the Libert Volt. Vitz

00:33:41

Napoleon, watching from the hill of heads, ordered to

00:33:43

send reinforcements to the 9th fat corps and the

00:33:46

Young Guard to support the

00:33:51

11th corps MacDonald took a position to

00:33:54

the left of Kolberg,

00:34:00

his troops repulsed him and counterattacked the

00:34:05

Lieber Creature Kvites,

00:34:06

displacing the Austrians and pursuing them across

00:34:09

the fields, the offensive was stopped

00:34:14

only when the Russian Cossacks were

00:34:17

spotted on the open left flank

00:34:19

warning that Bennigsen's army was not

00:34:22

far away the coalition offensive came to nothing

00:34:27

and Most of its modest gains were

00:34:29

lost to French counterattacks;

00:34:32

however, there was one sector

00:34:34

where the coalition had greater success: that

00:34:37

morning, General Geel's Austrian 3rd Corps, having

00:34:40

received orders to threaten

00:34:43

Napoleon's line of retreat, moved across

00:34:45

Clinton's marshy terrain, she

00:34:49

was to take Bertrand's 4th Corps

00:34:52

to strengthen the village and ensure the

00:34:54

safety of the road to France, Napoleon was

00:34:59

waiting for reinforcements but before launching an

00:35:02

attack on Schwarzenberg

00:35:03

but now the 4th Corps was tied down

00:35:06

by Clinton and there was still bad news from

00:35:10

Blucher's non-Silesian army was approaching from

00:35:14

the northwest, the Mormon 6th Corps

00:35:18

had to turn around to hold off the

00:35:20

Prussians,

00:35:23

heavy fighting broke out around the maker in the

00:35:26

village held by elite

00:35:28

French marines

00:35:31

while Dąbrowski's Polish division

00:35:33

held the sight of Rich and and attacked an entire

00:35:36

Russian corps

00:35:39

this was an unpleasant surprise for Napoleon

00:35:42

who thought that Blücher was still one

00:35:45

day from Leipzig

00:35:47

but the old Prussian general heard

00:35:50

cannon fire on in the south he sent his

00:35:53

people and forward to the attack,

00:35:55

Blucher intended to divert as

00:35:58

many French troops as possible to

00:36:00

help the Bohemian army Schwartz Bertha his

00:36:04

actions and the bloody battle for the honey core

00:36:06

may have saved the coalition from defeat

00:36:11

[music]

00:36:22

Napoleon was in the minority

00:36:25

on almost the entire battlefield for with the exception of the south

00:36:28

where he still had a numerical

00:36:29

advantage not as great as he

00:36:32

had hoped and it was unlikely to hold out

00:36:34

for long Schwarzenberg oh Alexander

00:36:38

had already transferred reserves although now

00:36:40

Schwarzenberg discovered that they were

00:36:43

on the wrong side of the play si river which

00:36:45

cost them precious hours

00:36:47

Napoleon decided now or never

00:36:51

at two o'clock in the afternoon he ordered the start of an attack, a

00:36:56

huge battery of 180 guns showered the

00:37:00

enemy lines with shells, then at the beginning of the

00:37:03

offensive, Victor's second corps, the

00:37:05

5th corps of Lariston and the Young Guard, in

00:37:10

support of Murat, as many as two

00:37:13

cavalry corps of

00:37:15

10 thousand horsemen were assembled and he led them in one

00:37:18

of the most massive cavalry attacks of the

00:37:20

Napoleonic wars, the

00:37:24

cuirassiers of the 1st heavy cavalry division

00:37:27

broke through to the main enemy battery,

00:37:30

some even almost reached the headquarters of the 3

00:37:33

coalition monarchs,

00:37:35

but the ground was swampy, dug up by

00:37:38

fences and canals, the French horses

00:37:41

soon ran out of steam and the squadrons fell into

00:37:44

disarray,

00:37:51

Austrian cuirassiers and Russian

00:37:53

guards cavalry were approaching from the south When these fresh

00:37:56

Allied cavalry reserves

00:37:58

attacked the French a great

00:38:01

hand-to-hand fight ensued but the French

00:38:03

were eventually driven back to their

00:38:06

original line by

00:38:08

divisions. The Fifth Corps area was

00:38:11

engaged in a desperate struggle for the Geldin

00:38:14

Gossa.

00:38:24

sides

00:38:25

however when the Russian and Prussian

00:38:27

Guards regiments arrived to fortify the

00:38:30

village the French were forced to

00:38:32

retreat around four o'clock in the afternoon the

00:38:37

Austrian reserve corps finally

00:38:39

arrived and resumed the assault on Markley Berg

00:38:42

one of the morning objectives which was

00:38:45

finally achieved at five o'clock in the evening

00:38:50

it became clear that Napoleon did not have enough

00:38:53

reserves in order to force the decisive

00:38:55

outcome in the south

00:38:57

in the north in the city of Mig Kern, the

00:39:00

French marines stubbornly resisted

00:39:02

with the support of

00:39:04

melee artillery and yet, despite

00:39:07

terrible losses,

00:39:08

York's Prussian corps continued to

00:39:11

advance,

00:39:12

Marshal Marmont himself was wounded twice but

00:39:15

remained in command, finally the brilliant

00:39:19

attack of the Prussian hussars

00:39:21

completed the defeat French

00:39:24

but Kerbal and the Mormon corps rushed

00:39:28

back to Leipzig at

00:39:34

dusk at about six o'clock in the evening the

00:39:36

shots on the battlefield stopped the first

00:39:43

day of the battle cost the French

00:39:45

about 25 thousand casualties of the coalition at

00:39:50

least 30,000 Napoleon was so

00:39:55

close but was unable to deliver a decisive blow chance

00:39:59

of victory was slipping from his hands

00:40:03

[music]

00:40:22

Sunday October 17 brought calm

00:40:25

both armies were exhausted by the battles of the

00:40:28

previous day Napoleon needed to

00:40:33

rest his troops and replenish them with

00:40:35

ammunition which was quickly depleted

00:40:39

he also sent a dispatch to his father-in-law

00:40:42

Emperor French the first offering

00:40:44

a truce and finally offering concessions but

00:40:48

the allies were no longer interested in this, they

00:40:52

knew that time was on their side,

00:40:56

the only major battle that day

00:40:58

took place in the north where Blucher continued to

00:41:01

attack, the

00:41:02

Russian infantry stormed Ait Rich and into

00:41:06

Galis, and the hussars

00:41:08

attacked and defeated part of the 3rd

00:41:10

cavalry corps origi that day

00:41:14

Napoleon received 14 thousand reinforcements

00:41:17

when

00:41:20

Rainier's Franco-Saxon 7th Corps arrived from the northeast but on the same

00:41:25

day the coalition received over a hundred thousand

00:41:27

reinforcements their armies continued to

00:41:30

converge on Leipzig the

00:41:33

Austrian 1st Corps towards Laredo

00:41:37

Bennigsen's Polish Army

00:41:41

and Bernadotte's Army of the North although

00:41:45

the latter was widely criticized for their

00:41:47

leisurely march to the field The battle the

00:41:51

next day the ratio of the sides was

00:41:54

almost two to one not in Napoleon's favor, it was

00:41:57

time for the emperor to start

00:41:59

planning a retreat

00:42:17

[music]

00:42:21

on Monday morning the sun was shining 80

00:42:25

square kilometers of the battlefield on

00:42:28

which almost half a million

00:42:31

soldiers and 2000 guns were collected soldiers from France

00:42:35

Germany Russia Austria more Italy

00:42:39

Sweden Netherlands and even Great Britain

00:42:42

it was truly a battle of nations

00:42:48

preparing to retreat Napoleon pulled

00:42:51

his troops into a denser

00:42:53

defensive perimeter and ordered Bertrand's

00:42:55

Fourth Corps to move

00:42:58

west to secure the

00:43:00

army's line of retreat

00:43:01

two divisions of the Young Guard under the

00:43:04

command of Marshal Mortier

00:43:06

took their place in Lindon At

00:43:09

Schwarzenberg, meanwhile, he planned to

00:43:11

close the trap with six converging

00:43:14

attacks, the

00:43:18

fighting in the south began at about eight in the morning of

00:43:23

the cost, they took it divided,

00:43:25

but Marshal Dean counterattacked, I, at the head of the

00:43:28

young guards division, knocked them out again.

00:43:34

Schwarzenberg was so alarmed by this

00:43:36

coup that he gave the order to recall the 3rd

00:43:40

Corps, making the

00:43:42

troops of General Barclay at the beginning

00:43:45

they met almost no resistance

00:43:47

when they took the wachau or bird into lionesses

00:43:50

instead of such fierce fighting two days

00:43:53

ago

00:43:54

now there was almost no defense barclay

00:43:58

paused waiting for bennigsen to

00:44:01

take a position to his right before

00:44:04

continuing the attack

00:44:07

bennigsen's troops had to take

00:44:09

control of a large area but to at noon

00:44:12

they threw back MacDonald's infantry

00:44:14

and occupied their objectives, now they will

00:44:19

wait for Bernadotte's army to unite

00:44:22

on the right,

00:44:23

however, the army of the north again slowly

00:44:26

moved forward, for which many again

00:44:28

blamed the commander, who seemed to

00:44:31

be extremely careful in the battle with his

00:44:34

old master, Blucher, on the contrary, did not

00:44:37

hesitate to throw Russian infantry against the

00:44:40

northern fortifications of Leipzig although their

00:44:43

attack failed with heavy losses by the

00:45:00

ready hours of the afternoon

00:45:02

Napoleon was under strong pressure on

00:45:04

all fronts but held on now his

00:45:08

attention was focused on the

00:45:10

Haida pass a key point on the southern front under

00:45:13

attack from the Russian 2nd

00:45:16

Kleist Corps

00:45:18

French troops turned the village into the

00:45:21

fortress and inflicted terrible losses on the

00:45:23

advancing Prussians, Prost Haida

00:45:28

was soon engulfed in smoke and fire, battles

00:45:30

raged on all sides,

00:45:33

some Russian regiments lost half of

00:45:36

their people attacking the village,

00:45:38

while three French generals were killed

00:45:41

during the organization and defense,

00:45:44

Napoleon even sent a guards division

00:45:47

free In order to strengthen its position

00:45:55

in the north, Bernadotte's army finally

00:45:58

entered the battle in earnest. The Mormons

00:46:03

manually assembled 137 guns around the field tire,

00:46:05

which poured fire on the Russian

00:46:09

troops. In response, Bernadotte assembled 200 of his

00:46:13

cannons.

00:46:17

Soon the fields were strewn with dead and

00:46:20

wounded, because due to the strong fire, neither

00:46:22

one of the sides cannot move forward

00:46:25

at about three o'clock in the afternoon

00:46:30

von Bülow's Prussian corps, supported by

00:46:32

Austrian rangers and a small

00:46:34

British missile detachment, attacked

00:46:36

pawn healthy 7th corps Rainier could not withstand

00:46:43

the onslaught an hour later about 3,000 Saxon

00:46:48

soldiers rushed to the enemy and surrendered the Saxons

00:46:55

were deeply disappointed with their

00:46:56

French allies now their

00:46:59

main desire was to quickly end the

00:47:01

war

00:47:02

that had been devastating their homeland for many months; the hole

00:47:05

in the line formed due to the

00:47:09

retreat of the Saxons was soon plugged by the

00:47:11

Guards cavalry,

00:47:13

but the coalition offensive could not be

00:47:16

stopped

00:47:17

by dusk; rise under the killing pressure

00:47:21

of the Russians; the Mormons left the burning ruins

00:47:23

and tires. feld while the Prussians

00:47:26

occupied zeller hauser in the south Probst Haida was

00:47:32

still holding out but Napoleon's position

00:47:36

was grim

00:47:40

the third day of fighting cost both sides

00:47:43

another 25 thousand casualties,

00:47:47

Napoleon's army was practically surrounded,

00:47:50

exhausted and greatly outnumbered

00:47:52

it was critically short of

00:47:55

ammunition,

00:47:56

finally the emperor gave the order retreat

00:48:02

[music]

00:48:19

at night under the cover of darkness and early

00:48:22

morning fog the

00:48:23

French army retreated behind the walls

00:48:26

of Leipzig and at 4 o'clock in the morning began to

00:48:29

retreat to the west, crossing

00:48:31

the only bridge over the Elster River

00:48:34

that led back to France there was

00:48:37

time and materials to build

00:48:39

additional bridges but no one gave

00:48:42

necessary orders, which would turn out to be a

00:48:44

serious omission; in

00:48:46

addition, there was no clear plan for the defense of

00:48:49

Leipzig, which was left to the

00:48:51

discretion of random small

00:48:53

units of mainly Poles and Germans;

00:48:57

Napoleon left Leipzig at about ten

00:49:00

o'clock in the morning; behind him, only

00:49:03

scenes of increasing chaos and disorder could be seen; the

00:49:06

streets of the city were clogged with troops, ears

00:49:09

and carts, 20 thousand wounded soldiers in the

00:49:13

city had no hope of salvation; after

00:49:19

30 minutes, shells rained down on the city and the

00:49:23

coalition launched a massive attack from the

00:49:26

northeast and south; the

00:49:33

arigard held the city gates for as

00:49:35

long as they could, but they were soon

00:49:38

defeated by the enemy and throughout

00:49:40

Fierce street battles broke out in the city, a

00:49:54

barge filled with gunpowder was moored

00:49:56

under another royal bridge so that it could be

00:49:59

quickly destroyed after

00:50:02

crossing the regard at

00:50:06

about two o'clock in the afternoon, the corporal lit the

00:50:08

fuse when he saw Russian soldiers on the

00:50:11

far bank, although the bridge was still

00:50:14

clogged with troops, carts and horses

00:50:22

the bridge was destroyed as a result of a

00:50:24

gigantic explosion that cut off 30

00:50:27

thousand soldiers and 30 generals on the other

00:50:30

side of the river, among those who suddenly

00:50:35

found themselves surrounded, panic broke out,

00:50:39

most were captured,

00:50:41

but some tried to swim across the river,

00:50:43

including the Polish prince Pyatovsky,

00:50:46

whom Napoleon made a marshal

00:50:49

in just three the day before, weakened from his wounds, he

00:50:52

rushed with his horse into the river,

00:50:53

but when the horse tried to climb the

00:50:56

steep far bank, the marshal rolled

00:50:59

over it and drowned. Marshal MacDonald

00:51:04

was also cut off by the explosion and decided to run

00:51:07

or die trying to escape captivity,

00:51:10

he found a place where the engineers cut down two

00:51:14

trees as an improvised

00:51:16

bridge and decided on a desperate attempt

00:51:19

and here I was standing with one foot on the trunk and a

00:51:22

strong wind was blowing an abyss below me, we

00:51:25

didn’t have a big raincoat for fear that

00:51:27

someone might grab him I got rid

00:51:29

of him I had already walked three quarters of the way

00:51:33

when several people decided

00:51:34

follow me their fast walking

00:51:36

turned over the trees and I fell into the water,

00:51:39

fortunately I was able to touch the bottom but the shore

00:51:42

was steep, the

00:51:43

soil was loose and slippery,

00:51:46

several enemy soldiers approached, they shot

00:51:48

at me point-blank but missed, and

00:51:50

several of our people who were

00:51:52

nearby drove them away and helped me

00:51:55

get out I was wet from head to toe, well,

00:51:57

out of breath and sweating heavily from such a

00:52:00

crossing, Marshal Marmont crossed and

00:52:03

early in the morning gave me a horse,

00:52:04

I wanted dry clothes more than she

00:52:07

had, the loss of the bridge turned

00:52:13

Napoleon's heavy defeat

00:52:16

into a catastrophic one later that day, the 3

00:52:20

allied monarchs met in the center

00:52:22

Leipzig to celebrate their

00:52:24

great victory, it cost them enormous

00:52:29

casualties;

00:52:30

exact numbers are impossible to establish, but in

00:52:34

four days of fighting, the coalition armies

00:52:36

suffered at least 50 2,000 casualties;

00:52:42

Napoleon, who could not afford

00:52:44

such casualties, ended up in a worse situation;

00:52:47

47,000 killed and wounded; 35,000 captured

00:52:53

325 guns were lost at Leipzig,

00:52:59

more men were killed and wounded than in any

00:53:02

European battle before the First World

00:53:04

War, Sir George Jackson, the

00:53:08

British Ambassador to Austria, rode across the

00:53:11

battlefield with the meter not boorish

00:53:13

Austrian Foreign Minister

00:53:15

two days later, a more disgusting and

00:53:19

sickening sight and I never

00:53:21

seen and the salon we could hardly take a step

00:53:24

forward when we came across the dead body of

00:53:27

some poor fellow, riddled with wounds

00:53:29

and the dried blood of another, perhaps without an

00:53:33

arm or a leg

00:53:34

here and there, a headless torso or only a

00:53:37

head, causing our horses to stumble

00:53:39

or jump aside, the blood runs cold in our

00:53:43

veins, looking at the upturned faces of the

00:53:45

dead, we crossed this field of glory as

00:53:51

quickly as we could;

00:54:06

Napoleon suffered a crushing

00:54:09

defeat; he lost the battle for Germany;

00:54:13

his dominance in Europe came to an end with

00:54:18

eighty thousand survivors; he

00:54:21

began a military retreat to the French

00:54:23

border;

00:54:24

now there was no chance to

00:54:27

save the text, thousands of people are locked in

00:54:30

garrisons throughout Germany and Poland,

00:54:33

although some will hold out for another five

00:54:35

months, Marshal Murat said goodbye to the

00:54:39

emperor, assuring him of his loyalty

00:54:41

but secretly planning to make a deal with the

00:54:44

allies to save his throne in

00:54:47

Naples,

00:54:48

this was the last time they saw each other

00:54:52

through 11 days after the battle of Leipzig,

00:54:56

Napoleon's former allies the Bavarians

00:54:58

tried to block his escape to

00:55:01

Hanau with a 40 thousand army

00:55:04

Bavarian military teapot von harm served

00:55:07

with Napoleon in many companies

00:55:09

seeing how he was preparing for battle Napoleon

00:55:12

said I made him a count but could not

00:55:16

make him a general then the french

00:55:20

emperor ordered the imperial guard

00:55:22

to lead an attack

00:55:24

which forced the enemy to retreat in

00:55:26

disarray

00:55:28

[music]

00:55:32

three days later the french army

00:55:35

reached the safety of mainz

00:55:38

napoleon himself marched to paris to

00:55:40

contain the political damage of his

00:55:42

defeat his empire was falling apart behind him on

00:55:47

november 4

00:55:51

the coalition announced the dissolution of the confederation of the rhine

00:55:54

several of its former members

00:55:56

now entered the war against France in the

00:56:02

Illyrian provinces ah local

00:56:04

uprisings the Austrian invasion and the

00:56:06

support of the British fleet ended

00:56:09

French rule in

00:56:12

northern Italy Jen steadily retreated

00:56:14

before the advancing Austrian army von

00:56:17

Hiller was in Hamburg Marshal Davout

00:56:21

with thirty-four thousand soldiers would

00:56:23

soon be cut off and besieged,

00:56:29

Napoleon's position was desperate, but in the next

00:56:33

company, fighting for France itself, Napoleon

00:56:38

would prove that he was still a master of war

00:56:51

[music]

00:56:57

[music]

00:57:01

in October 1813, Napoleon suffered the

00:57:04

heaviest defeat in history near

00:57:08

Leipzig in the Battle of the Nations

00:57:12

[music]

00:57:15

remaining in alive, the French troops,

00:57:17

exhausted,

00:57:18

sick and demoralized, retreated to the

00:57:21

Rhine River and prepared to defend

00:57:23

France from invasion, but in November the troops of the

00:57:28

Sixth Coalition suspended

00:57:30

the offensive and the Austrian

00:57:32

Foreign Minister Metternich proposed

00:57:35

peace terms to Frankfurt and

00:57:39

proposals that would allow Napoleon

00:57:41

to retain his throne if France

00:57:43

returned to its the so-called

00:57:45

natural borders, this was the best

00:57:49

offer that Napoleon could get

00:57:51

now that the situation

00:57:53

seemed stalemate for him, all the great powers of

00:57:55

Europe united against him and

00:57:59

yet he did not accept the conditions, he simply

00:58:02

agreed to resume negotiations with the

00:58:06

allies and many in France, this

00:58:08

proved that Napoleon was adamant in on

00:58:11

its principles,

00:58:13

the war continued and in January 1814

00:58:18

Napoleon's position became even worse;

00:58:22

many of his besieged garrisons in

00:58:25

the east were forced to surrender.

00:58:29

Marshal Davout with thirty-four

00:58:32

thousand people in Hamburg found himself under

00:58:35

siege until one of the last allies of

00:58:38

France was captured by Bernadotte's Swedish army

00:58:41

and forced to join the

00:58:44

coalition, French troops

00:58:47

were evacuated from Holland, which

00:58:50

had regained its independence after

00:58:52

almost 20 years of French control in

00:58:55

Italy, the army was faced with a new

00:58:58

enemy and Akim Murat, the king of

00:59:01

Naples, who was now marching north with

00:59:03

thirty thousand people to

00:59:05

show his allied intentions

00:59:07

associated with the sixth coalition in Paris

00:59:12

Napoleon responded to the crisis with a series of

00:59:14

extreme measures property taxes were

00:59:18

doubled government salaries and

00:59:20

pensions were suspended 300 thousand new

00:59:23

recruits were called up to a country

00:59:27

already exhausted by 20 years of war he

00:59:30

[music]

00:59:32

ordered the release of Pope Pius, who

00:59:34

had been under house arrest in

00:59:37

France for the last 5 years to

00:59:39

try to strengthen his support in

00:59:41

Italy he even agreed to release

00:59:44

Fernando the

00:59:46

Bourbon King of Spain to take

00:59:48

his throne in exchange for peace between France

00:59:51

and Spain,

00:59:52

conditions that Fernando was

00:59:55

unable to fulfill but these concessions were

01:00:00

too little too late in January 2

01:00:05

coalition armies crossed the

01:00:07

Rhine into France, the Silesian army of Blücher

01:00:11

and the Bohemian army of Schwarzenberg, the

01:00:15

inferior French

01:00:17

troops on their way

01:00:19

could only retreat On January 25,

01:00:22

Napoleon said goodbye to his wife and son for the last time

01:00:24

in the Tuileries Palace

01:00:27

before going to the front, he would

01:00:30

never see them again having only 70 thousand

01:00:36

people was a ratio of four to one

01:00:39

most of his soldiers were recruits

01:00:42

some out of uniform many were just

01:00:44

learning to hold a musket

01:00:48

but for the first time in many years

01:00:52

Napoleon's army was so small that he could

01:00:54

exercise direct command of all

01:00:57

its movements the

01:00:59

result would be one of the most daring

01:01:02

and brilliant campaigns in history

01:01:11

[music] the

01:01:20

battle for france is about to begin

01:01:24

east of paris mainly in the champagne region a

01:01:27

flat region separated by the

01:01:30

marne and hay rivers and their tributaries at the end of january the

01:01:34

fields were dusted with snow

01:01:36

and the roads quickly turned to mud

01:01:39

napoleon learned that the coalition armies

01:01:42

were widely Scattered partly,

01:01:45

Blucher's army was located near

01:01:47

Napoleon's old college in the yen, the emperor

01:01:50

quickly moved forward,

01:01:52

hoping to trap and destroy

01:01:55

parts of Blucher's army,

01:01:56

but after a hard day of fighting that

01:01:59

cost both sides three thousand casualties,

01:02:02

Blucher was able to retreat to

01:02:04

Schwarzenberg's army that evening Napoleon almost

01:02:10

pierced by an attacking Cossack he was saved

01:02:13

only by an accurate shot from General Gurko

01:02:19

while Napoleon tried

01:02:21

to predict the enemy's movement

01:02:24

Blücher with Schwarzenberg's army launched a

01:02:27

surprise attack 0 rocher the

01:02:34

allied forces advanced in blue rice

01:02:36

bliss to attack a village

01:02:39

stubbornly held by young

01:02:41

French conscripts

01:02:43

one of them was so inexperienced that the

01:02:47

Marmont Marshals had to personally show

01:02:49

him how to load a musket during the battle in the

01:02:54

late afternoon the Bavarian harm corps

01:02:58

fell on Napoleon's flank the

01:03:00

emperor had no choice

01:03:03

but to retreat having lost 5 thousand

01:03:06

people killed and 73 guns abandoned in

01:03:10

thick mud the

01:03:14

frontal attacks of the allies meant that

01:03:17

their losses were greater,

01:03:18

but by uniting their armies they defeated Napoleon for the first time

01:03:21

on French soil,

01:03:26

believing that Napoleon would now retreat to

01:03:28

Paris,

01:03:30

the allies decided to advance in two

01:03:32

directions to relieve pressure on

01:03:35

communications, Blücher decided to take the northern

01:03:38

route along the

01:03:40

Schwarzenberg Marne along the wall, however, again

01:03:45

dividing his army, this played to

01:03:47

Napoleon on hand

01:03:53

[music]

01:04:03

after two days of reorganization, Napoleon

01:04:06

continued his retreat to Jeanne, where

01:04:09

he learned that the allies had divided their armies;

01:04:12

moreover, they were moving at different

01:04:15

speeds; the

01:04:16

aggressive Blücher rushed ahead and the

01:04:19

more cautious Schwarzenberg lagged behind,

01:04:24

leaving Victor and Victor to guard the bridges

01:04:27

over the Seine and detain Schwarzenberg

01:04:29

Napoleon with thirty thousand people

01:04:31

rushed north through the mud and rain, the

01:04:35

universal army was stretched out on the march,

01:04:38

not paying attention to the danger in

01:04:40

which it was at first, Napoleon

01:04:44

attacked the Russian 9th Corps of General

01:04:46

Altufyevo with the ears of the escapes and defeated him,

01:04:49

capturing his commander and 2000 people

01:04:54

on the next morning he marched against the

01:04:57

troops of General Aston Sakin near Man

01:05:00

Peace and it was a much larger force with two

01:05:03

infantry and one cavalry

01:05:05

corps and they expected support from

01:05:07

York's Prussian First Corps but the

01:05:10

Prussians were late

01:05:12

and Saken's troops could not withstand the onslaught of the

01:05:14

French at this desperate moment elite

01:05:19

old The emperor's guard no longer

01:05:21

held back and more often found themselves in the

01:05:24

thick of battles. At the end of the day,

01:05:27

Napoleon inflicted another three and a half

01:05:29

thousand losses, twice as many as he lost

01:05:32

himself, and the allies began to quickly retreat.

01:05:37

Napoleon ordered March MacDonald

01:05:40

to cut off the enemy's path to retreat by

01:05:42

capturing the bridge over the gauze at Chateau Thierry,

01:05:45

but the Prussians The Yorks got there

01:05:47

first the next day Napoleon could

01:05:50

only defeat their ari-guard as the enemy

01:05:53

fled across the Marne destroying the bridge behind

01:05:58

sending Marshal Mortier to recover his brain

01:06:01

and continue the pursuit Napoleon

01:06:03

returned back to join the

01:06:05

Mormons who had been left to watch

01:06:08

Blucher

01:06:10

Napoleon attacked him

01:06:12

using a chama General Pear's cavalry to

01:06:15

bypass Blucher's army, which soon

01:06:17

began to rapidly retreat;

01:06:21

merciless French pursuit

01:06:24

inflicted 6,000 casualties on Prussian and Russian troops;

01:06:26

Napoleon lost only 600

01:06:30

people;

01:06:32

the emperor took on an enemy army

01:06:34

almost twice his

01:06:37

size and defeated it 4 times in just

01:06:40

six days; Blucher lost approximately

01:06:43

15 thousand people killed in battle and another 15

01:06:47

thousand from steel and deserted in

01:06:49

small battles at the moment the

01:06:53

Seletsky army was scattered and

01:06:56

neutralized

01:06:59

but in the south the marshals Victor Judina

01:07:03

could not prevent the Bohemian army of

01:07:04

Schwarzenberg from crossing the wall in

01:07:08

three places the

01:07:10

Austrian troops were Now

01:07:13

only 64 kilometers from Paris,

01:07:16

leaving Mortimer her Mormon to keep an eye on

01:07:19

Blücher, Napoleon rushed south. Schwarzenberg,

01:07:23

alarmed by the news of

01:07:25

Blücher’s defeat and the approach of Napoleon,

01:07:27

immediately ordered a retreat; however, it

01:07:30

was too late for

01:07:33

Wittgenstein’s vanguard,

01:07:34

defeated straight by Armani with two thousand

01:07:37

losses,

01:07:39

Napoleon sent Victor’s second corps

01:07:42

to capture the bridge in Mantra

01:07:44

but was so infuriated by its slow

01:07:47

advance that he removed you from command

01:07:50

and gave the corps to General Giraud ru the

01:07:53

next day at the Battle of Mantra

01:07:57

the French drove the allied

01:07:59

Württemberg corps back across the river with

01:08:01

thirty percent losses; according to some

01:08:05

sources, the emperor himself controlled the

01:08:08

French cannon just like 18 years

01:08:12

ago,

01:08:16

Napoleon put the allies to flight, but

01:08:19

how long could this last

01:08:23

[music]

01:08:39

despite the fact that the fighting did not

01:08:42

stop, negotiations between

01:08:44

France and the coalition resumed in

01:08:46

Chatillon source in February 5,

01:08:49

the conditions of the allies were now more

01:08:52

severe return to the borders of France

01:08:55

1791 year,

01:08:57

which meant additional losses for

01:08:59

Belgium, a humiliation that Napoleon

01:09:02

could not afford,

01:09:04

instead he tried to return to the

01:09:06

Frankfurt proposal, hoping

01:09:09

to gain time and split the coalition

01:09:11

military goals that waver between the

01:09:14

hard line of Britain and the more

01:09:17

ambiguous position of Austria,

01:09:20

but this hope was thwarted by the British

01:09:23

Foreign Secretary, Lord Kosoure

01:09:26

1 March he convinced the allies to sign a

01:09:30

shaman treaty in which Russia, Prussia,

01:09:33

Austria and Great Britain agreed to

01:09:35

withdraw 150 thousand soldiers to the battlefield and

01:09:39

not negotiate separately with France

01:09:41

while Great Britain

01:09:42

provided subsidies of 5

01:09:45

million pounds sterling to be

01:09:47

divided among the allies

01:09:49

secret articles of the treaty defined the

01:09:52

general goals of the war including the future

01:09:54

independence of the German states of

01:09:56

Switzerland and Italy while

01:09:59

Spain was to be returned to

01:10:01

Bourbon and Holland to the

01:10:03

House of Aral. The

01:10:05

4 powers even agreed that after

01:10:09

defeating Napoleon they would form a

01:10:11

20-year defensive alliance to

01:10:13

maintain peace in Europe, a sign of their

01:10:16

newfound loyalty to each other, the split in

01:10:20

the coalition was the last of

01:10:23

Napoleon's best hopes for a favorable peace and this

01:10:26

hope disappeared meanwhile the news from

01:10:30

all over the country was bleak

01:10:33

French cities surrendered to the allies

01:10:36

without a fight Nancy

01:10:37

Dijon imac they all fell in the south

01:10:44

wellington defeated the marshal sul then at

01:10:46

artesia forcing his retreat to Toulouse

01:10:49

two weeks later when British

01:10:52

troops approached the city of Bordeaux,

01:10:54

he declared loyalty to the French

01:10:56

Bourbon kings, the mayor himself rode out to

01:10:59

meet the British with a white cockade

01:11:02

as a sign of loyalty to Bourbon,

01:11:06

Napoleon's hope for an armed nation capable of

01:11:09

resisting the allies did not materialize, the

01:11:12

allied troops, especially the Cossacks, often

01:11:15

robbed the French civilian

01:11:17

population committing atrocities, French

01:11:20

peasants took revenge when they could, but there was no

01:11:23

guerrilla war that would repeat

01:11:25

what French troops faced

01:11:27

in Spain or Russia; the main desire of

01:11:30

ordinary French people was peace at almost

01:11:34

any cost

01:11:36

[music]

01:11:50

talking about Napoleon’s defeat at the end of

01:11:52

February was premature; the French

01:11:57

emperor was actively pushing back

01:11:59

Schwarzenberg's Bohemian army, although it was twice

01:12:02

his size, but Schwarzenberg hastened to take cover behind the

01:12:07

river

01:12:08

shoes [music]

01:12:12

Napoleon knew that he would soon have to

01:12:14

make another decisive blow;

01:12:17

therefore, he again turned his attention to

01:12:19

Blücher

01:12:20

after an unsuccessful attempt to join forces

01:12:24

with Schwarzberg, Blücher decided to

01:12:26

resume the offensive to Paris,

01:12:28

collecting reinforcements along the way and only the

01:12:31

weak corps of Mormons and Mortiers could

01:12:34

resist him,

01:12:38

leaving Marshal MacDonald to command

01:12:41

in the south, Napoleon set out to intercept Blucher,

01:12:44

covering 96 kilometers in three days along

01:12:48

terrible roads covered with mud;

01:12:55

when Napoleon approached, Blucher

01:12:57

retreated through the gauze, burning bridges behind him

01:13:00

[ music]

01:13:02

24 hours later they were restored by

01:13:05

French engineers and Napoleon was

01:13:08

ready to crush the Blucher at the river it was

01:13:11

partly because the main

01:13:13

border crossing point with you was held by a

01:13:17

Franco-Polish garrison however after

01:13:20

only one day of fighting the

01:13:22

commander of the garrisons with you Sony meekly

01:13:25

surrendered allowing the Blucher to escape

01:13:28

[music]

01:13:32

Napoleon continued the pursuit from

01:13:35

behind still hoping to cut off the Silesian

01:13:38

army

01:13:40

but in the crown

01:13:42

he encountered Russian troops with

01:13:44

strong defensive positions the

01:13:47

Russians fought stubbornly the French

01:13:51

eventually forced the enemy to

01:13:53

retreat

01:13:54

at the cost of six thousand casualties

01:13:57

including many irreplaceable veterans from

01:14:00

Napoleon's guard

01:14:05

the emperor moved to the clown

01:14:09

but by this time Blücher had concentrated

01:14:12

his forces of only ninety-eight thousand

01:14:16

men and outnumbered Napoleon

01:14:18

two to one. The French

01:14:22

attacks were repulsed

01:14:24

at the same time. Mormon's watermelon was

01:14:26

taken by surprise by one of the last

01:14:28

Allied counter-offensives and was developed.

01:14:31

Napoleon was lucky to avoid a much more

01:14:33

severe defeat. Blücher usually

01:14:36

aggressive to the point of recklessness was ill

01:14:39

he was told that Napoleon's army was twice

01:14:41

as large as it actually was which

01:14:44

forced him to act with unusual

01:14:46

caution la he was a heavy blow

01:14:51

to Napoleon

01:14:52

six and a half thousand casualties which he

01:14:55

could not afford

01:14:58

undaunted he retreated to Soissons

01:15:01

through for a short time

01:15:03

ri organized he moved to the city of

01:15:05

Reims which had just fallen at the hands of

01:15:08

the Russian corps with n300 rapid

01:15:14

assault Napoleon recaptured the city

01:15:19

Samson attacks mortally wounded and his

01:15:23

corps was defeated

01:15:27

meanwhile in the south

01:15:30

Schwarzenberg resumed the offensive as

01:15:32

soon as he learned that Napoleon was in the

01:15:35

north in heavy in the battles he drove

01:15:39

Oud and MacDonald back from the river up

01:15:46

five days later the allies recaptured Troyes

01:15:49

as soon as MacDonald retreated across the Sulfur River

01:15:54

[music]

01:15:57

now after four days of rest and

01:15:59

reorganization of his battered army,

01:16:02

Napoleon again marched south to Schwarzenberg,

01:16:08

encouraged by the news and

01:16:10

Napoleon's defeats under the carriage decided that this

01:16:13

time he would stand and fight;

01:16:17

Napoleon advanced on Arsi Syrup,

01:16:20

ignoring reports that the enemy was

01:16:23

not retreating as he believed,

01:16:25

but was going to give battle; when

01:16:29

heavy fighting began,

01:16:30

Napoleon still believed that

01:16:32

only the enemy ari-guard was opposing him; it

01:16:35

was not pleasant to know that he faced the

01:16:38

full might of the Bohemian army 28 thousand

01:16:42

people against 80,000 in desperate battles,

01:16:48

Napoleon personally rallied the fleeing troops,

01:16:50

exposing himself to enemy fire and

01:16:53

losing his horse due to a shell explosion,

01:16:59

but the chances of victory were slim and at the

01:17:03

end of the second day Napoleon was forced to

01:17:06

surrender order to retreat

01:17:10

[music]

01:17:21

[music]

01:17:24

Napoleon believed that his army was now

01:17:26

too weak to directly fight the

01:17:29

allies so he decided to change

01:17:32

strategy he was to go behind the lines of the allied armies

01:17:36

to connect with some of his

01:17:38

isolated garrisons and cut the

01:17:40

enemy's lines of communication, forcing

01:17:43

him to abandon from the attack on Paris,

01:17:49

but the allies, still one step behind

01:17:53

Napoleon, had just received the most

01:17:55

important information Talleyrand, the most

01:18:01

brilliant French diplomat of that

01:18:03

time, was distinguished by his unreliability; he

01:18:07

served first the French monarchy,

01:18:09

then the revolution and finally Napoleon

01:18:12

until in 1807 he quarreled with the

01:18:15

emperor over - for foreign policy,

01:18:18

he now believed that Napoleon was leading

01:18:20

France to destruction, so he was secretly

01:18:23

planning a coup from Paris, he

01:18:27

wrote to the Russian Emperor Alexander at the

01:18:29

Allied headquarters, informing the latter that in

01:18:33

the capital, support for Napoleon was falling and

01:18:36

the defense of the city was not

01:18:39

being carried out at the moment,

01:18:41

he called on the Allies to immediately

01:18:44

move to Paris not allowing Napoleon

01:18:46

to distract them, Tyler's information was

01:18:50

confirmed when the Allies intercepted

01:18:53

reports from Napoleon's chief of police,

01:18:55

General Savary, intended for the

01:18:58

emperor, the

01:19:01

treasury, the arsenal and and the gunpowder magazines are empty,

01:19:05

we have completely exhausted our resources, the

01:19:08

population is discouraged

01:19:10

and dissatisfied, wanting peace at any cost

01:19:17

when Napoleon moved on the synthesis and the

01:19:20

Allies sent General Winzengerode and

01:19:23

10,000 cavalrymen to pursue

01:19:26

him into the army and cover their own

01:19:29

movements and then the march to

01:19:32

Paris in Ferchampenoise began,

01:19:38

they encountered Mormon and

01:19:40

Mortier corps moving to join

01:19:43

Napoleon, the entire division of the National

01:19:46

Guard of

01:19:47

5,000 people was practically destroyed

01:19:50

as the marshals suffered a crushing

01:19:53

defeat, Napoleon feared that the fall of

01:19:58

Paris would be a fatal blow 3 to his

01:20:00

regime, his political authority could

01:20:04

collapse and this would not allow the war to continue,

01:20:07

so upon receiving news of the movements

01:20:10

of the Allies, he abandoned his plans and

01:20:13

ordered a forced march back to

01:20:16

Paris, intending to personally lead his

01:20:18

defense,

01:20:22

Napoleon's wife and son were evacuated

01:20:25

from capital, along with most of his

01:20:28

ministers, his brother Joseph, the former king of

01:20:31

Spain, was in charge of the defense of the city, but

01:20:34

however, he did practically nothing;

01:20:36

Paris was flooded with rumors of

01:20:39

betrayal and defeat; the

01:20:46

Mormons Mortier were able to reach

01:20:48

Paris before the Allies; joining the

01:20:50

garrison, it now numbered 37,000

01:20:56

people among them. there were seasoned

01:20:58

veterans of the Guard but many more were

01:21:01

young conscripts while 3

01:21:03

of them were also soldiers of

01:21:05

the National Guard

01:21:09

the Allies had 120 and thousands of

01:21:12

seasoned soldiers outside the city

01:21:15

and given the urgency of taking Paris

01:21:17

before Napoleon intervened their elite

01:21:20

Guards Grenadier divisions

01:21:23

should were to lead the attack on

01:21:27

March 30 they launched an offensive from the north

01:21:33

heavy fighting raged throughout the day

01:21:37

the defenders of the city fought bravely inflicting

01:21:40

several thousand casualties on the advancing enemy

01:21:43

but defeat was inevitable that

01:21:49

same night to save Paris from destruction

01:21:52

Marshal Marmont agreed to surrender the city on the

01:21:55

condition that the garrison was

01:21:57

allowed leave with weapons

01:21:59

[applause]

01:22:03

in the nursing home 70 one-year-old Marshal

01:22:06

Sergue oversaw the burning of 1,400 flags and

01:22:10

standards captured from the enemies of France,

01:22:13

as well as the sword and belt of Frederick the Great so

01:22:16

that they would not fall into the hands of the allies

01:22:19

[applause]

01:22:22

Napoleon was only 24 kilometers

01:22:25

from Paris

01:22:27

when he was informed of the capitulation of the city,

01:22:30

he sat with his head in his hands for

01:22:33

15 minutes. On

01:22:51

March 31, 1814, the enemies of France entered

01:22:56

Paris for the first time since the Hundred Years' War. The

01:23:00

Parisian people welcomed the three

01:23:03

allied monarchs who brought not everyone in

01:23:07

Paris suddenly became royalists again.

01:23:11

First of all, they welcomed

01:23:14

Emperor Alexander, now

01:23:16

proclaimed the savior of Europe.

01:23:18

[music] the

01:23:21

Don Cossacks were stationed by wacom on the

01:23:24

Champs-Elysees the

01:23:26

allied forces generally behaved well

01:23:34

56 kilometers from here in Fontainebleau

01:23:37

Napoleon was stationed with thirty-six

01:23:40

thousand people, all of them were hungry and

01:23:43

exhausted after his 160-kilometer

01:23:46

forced march,

01:23:48

however, Napoleon began planning

01:23:50

immediately and the attack on Paris

01:23:53

but for the first time he was faced with a unanimous

01:23:57

position from his ministers and

01:23:59

marshals including MacDonald Duck and

01:24:03

Bertier

01:24:04

they reminded him of his oath

01:24:07

to act for the good of France he accused

01:24:10

them of disloyalty

01:24:11

acting only to save

01:24:14

himself he was told that the war was lost and

01:24:17

he should abdicate in favor of his

01:24:19

son if possible On

01:24:25

April 4, Marshal Marmont became his entire

01:24:28

coalition corps, which, against the wishes of

01:24:31

many officers and soldiers of the corps, was

01:24:34

sent to enemy positions; this was a

01:24:38

crushing blow to Napoleon

01:24:40

and prompted the Allies to reject his

01:24:43

proposals for conditional abdication in

01:24:45

favor of his son, two days later he abdicated the

01:24:50

throne without any conditions, the

01:24:53

allied powers proclaimed

01:24:56

that the Emperor Napoleon is

01:24:57

the only obstacle to

01:24:59

the restoration of peace in Europe, the

01:25:01

Emperor Napoleon is faithful, his oaths

01:25:04

declare that he renounces for himself and

01:25:07

his heirs the thrones of France and

01:25:09

Italy and that there is no The personal sacrifice

01:25:12

he was not prepared to make in the

01:25:14

interests of France,

01:25:20

Napoleon's abdication was

01:25:23

formalized by the Treaty of Fontainebleau, by

01:25:25

which he was allowed to retain

01:25:27

the title of Emperor 100 of those sovereign of the

01:25:30

small island of Elba and retain a

01:25:32

guard of 400 men.

01:25:36

The news came too late to

01:25:38

prevent Wellington's attack on

01:25:41

Toulouse. which led to a costly,

01:25:43

meaningless battle with more than

01:25:45

seven thousand casualties

01:25:51

on the night after his abdication, Napoleon

01:25:54

tried to commit suicide

01:25:56

using poison that was prepared for

01:25:58

him in Russia in case of capture, but the poison

01:26:03

decomposed from long storage and he

01:26:06

survived

01:26:09

two weeks later, Napoleon said goodbye to

01:26:12

his old guard

01:26:13

at the Palace of Fontainebleau and went into

01:26:18

exile

01:26:19

[music]

01:26:27

[music] the

01:26:34

Napoleonic wars raged on land

01:26:37

and sea for 11 years

01:26:40

seemed to have finally ended the

01:26:44

death toll is unknown but historians

01:26:46

estimate that throughout Europe between

01:26:50

2 and 3 million people died, most of the

01:26:54

soldiers died not in battle from disease

01:26:57

[music]

01:26:59

many thousands were left crippled

01:27:02

and disfigured for most of this

01:27:08

period napoleon was the master of europe

01:27:11

imposed a treaty and redrawn borders on defeated enemies

01:27:16

sparkled old regimes and created new

01:27:19

kings he was the last figure in

01:27:24

history to combine great

01:27:26

political power with military genius

01:27:29

modeled after Alexander the Great and

01:27:32

Caesar,

01:27:34

but it looks like Napoleon’s reign was supposed to

01:27:38

end in complete military

01:27:40

defeat,

01:27:42

however, the exile to Elba was not to

01:27:45

Napoleon’s taste. In

01:27:47

less than 10 months, he will return

01:27:50

to France to conduct his last

01:27:53

great campaign and try to win the

01:27:57

right to the throne,

01:28:05

thanks for watching with us a

01:28:08

VKontakte twitter group and a

01:28:10

telegram channel have appeared,

01:28:11

links will be in the description, subscribe

01:28:14

there we will post interesting

01:28:15

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01:28:22

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01:28:25

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Description:

После поражения в войне 1812 года Наполеон быстро вернулся в Париж, чтобы восстановить свою армию. В это же время союзники начали планировать вторжение с целью усмирения французского императора. Заграничный поход против Наполеона стал одной из крупнейшей кампаний XIX века. Наполеону предстоит сопротивление и борьба против армий Австрии, России, Пруссии и Великобритании. И поначалу эта борьба приносила успех в битвах под Дрезденом, но скоро им пришлось столкнуться в одной из самых больших битв истории - Битва под Лейпцигом. Наполеон не вышел из неё победителем и всё, что ему остается - война за Францию... Группа VK: https://vk.com/epichistorytv Телеграм: https://t.me/+F8_lOR77Mvw5Yzgy Twitter: https://twitter.com/EpicHistoryRU%E2%80%8B Канал Epic History TV на русском! Эпичная История познакомит вас с самыми драматичными и удивительными событиями в истории, от гигантских конфликтов, таких как Первая мировая война, до эпичной истории таких стран, как Россия. Я использую анимированные карты, изображения и тщательно изученные источники, собираю как можно больше фактов и все для того, чтобы вы могли погрузится в эти впечатляющие события из нашего прошлого. Станьте спонсором канала, и вы получите доступ к эксклюзивным бонусам. Подробнее: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEMmqnod6rgtHes05Y6qZTA/join Пожалуйста, поддержите Эпичную Историю на Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/EpicHistoryTV Веб-сайт: http://www.epichistory.tv/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/EpicHistoryTV

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