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Download "Как работает гидроэлектростанция"

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энергия
технологии
как это работает
Гидроэлектростанция
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00:00:01
[music]
00:00:05
welcome to x news.ru
00:00:08
you are watching the next issue of an
00:00:10
educational project
00:00:11
how it works and today we will talk
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about hydroelectric power stations. The world's first
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hydroelectric power station was built by the
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English inventor Willem
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George Armstrong in the city of North
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Timberland in 1878, it
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was a unit that used the power of the river and are
00:00:36
designed to power
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a single lamp in an art
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gallery, this had the desired effect on the public,
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and soon in the United States of
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Europe and Russia, at the same time, they began
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to build full-scale
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hydroelectric power stations. It is worth noting that in the
00:00:52
riverbed, even with a fast current, it is
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impossible to install large turbines and there will
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not be enough strength to turn a heavy
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turbine, so dams were invented
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where the necessary pressure is created by the difference in
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water levels, while the pore is maintained
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all year round because the water is stored in the
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reservoir in front of the dam and flows
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evenly, although in winter in summer the river carries
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less water and in autumn and spring more,
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however, there are hydroelectric power stations and it is
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free for example, water from mountain rivers
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is brought to power plants by canals or
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tunnels, which are called
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diversions; at the end of the diversions, hydroelectric power
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buildings are built and
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pipes connect the channel and the hydroelectric power station,
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so part of the water goes along its own
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channel and part makes its way through the
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turbines of the station,
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but let’s return to traditional
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hydroelectric power stations, a hydroelectric dam is built
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windows are made from soil or concrete in the dam structure at a pre-calculated height to allow water to pass through during a
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flood, otherwise the water breaks the dam; the
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rest of the time the windows are closed with steel
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accounts; in the underwater part of the dam,
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pipes are laid to supply water to the
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turbines; the flow of water under pressure enters the pipe and
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from it enters the spiral chamber where the
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guide vane of the blade of
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this apparatus is located;
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adjust the amount of passing
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water or close tightly, and then the
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water will not be able to enter the turbine; after the
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guide vane, the water meets the
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blades of the turbine impeller and
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causes it to rotate; the shaft connecting the impeller rotates with it
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wheel with a
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rocker of an electric machine of an
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alternating current generator; the generator produces
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alternating current with a voltage of 10 to 18
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thousand volts, but these indicators are
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not enough to transmit energy over
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long distances;
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therefore, power plants use
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transformers that increase the
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voltage by 10-15 times
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so that they do not heat up too much; they are
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immersed in a tank with liquid oil that
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removes heat well, after the
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water has passed through the turbine, it again
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enters the pipe from which it flows into the
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river bed and goes downstream. It is worth
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noting that the hydroelectric power station has one
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of the highest efficiency coefficients,
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it is about 92-94
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percent, however there are also some
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disadvantages
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include flooding of arable land and
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environmental problems of river pollution, a
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decrease in fish numbers, the disappearance of
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nesting sites for many species of migratory
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birds, and others. Today, about
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20 percent of electricity
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is provided by hydra energy,
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while in Russia there are 15
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operating hydroelectric power stations with a capacity of over a thousand
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megawatts and more than a hundred
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hydroelectric power stations lower power
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in the next issue we will continue the
00:03:45
energy topic and clearly tell you
00:03:48
how a
00:03:49
nuclear power plant works, what a nuclear
00:03:51
reactor is and what its efficiency is, subscribe to the
00:03:55
channel so as not to miss new episodes of the
00:03:56
project
00:03:57
how it works
00:03:59
[music]

Description:

В сегодняшнем выпуске научно-познавательной программы "Как это работает?" мы поговорим о гидроэлектростанции: принципе ее работы, рекордном КПД, основных преимуществах и недостатках. Приятного просмотра! Композиция "Fat Caps" принадлежит исполнителю Audionautix. Лицензия: Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Исполнитель: https://audionautix.com/ ⇩⇩⇩⇩ Подписаться: https://www.youtube.com/user/hinewsru?sub_confirmation=1 Наш сайт: https://hi-news.ru/ Наше приложение для iOS: https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/hi-news-ru-novosti-vysokih/id650891557 Наше приложение для Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ru.hinews Мы в Твиттер: https://twitter.com/hi_news_ru Мы в ВКонтакте: http://vk.com/hi_news

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